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1. Therapeutic approach to fibromyalgia: a consensus statement on pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment from the neuropathic pain special interest group of the Italian neurological society

Author

Devigili, G., Di Stefano, G., Donadio, V., Frattale, I., Grazzi, L., Mantovani, E., Nolano, M., Provitera, V., Quitadamo, S. G., Tamburin, S., Truini, A., Valeriani, M., Furia, A., Vecchio, E., Fischetti, F., Greco, G., Telesca, A., and de Tommaso, M.

Published
2025
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3. POS0313 INTESTINAL NEUROINFLAMMATION IN SPA IS CORRELATED WITH DYSBIOSIS

Author

Forte, G., primary, Mauro, D., additional, Bergot, A. S., additional, Cameron, A., additional, Ciancio, A., additional, Scalise, G., additional, Salzillo, A., additional, Pantano, I., additional, Panarese, I., additional, Vespere, G., additional, De Luca, L., additional, Desena, G., additional, Napolitano, V., additional, Franco, R., additional, Provitera, V., additional, Thomas, R., additional, and Ciccia, F., additional

Published
2024
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4. A Delphi consensus statement of the Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group of the Italian Neurological Society on pharmacoresistant neuropathic pain

Author

Ciaramitaro, P., Cruccu, G., de Tommaso, M., Devigili, G., Fornasari, D., Geppetti, P., Lacerenza, M., Lauria, G., Mameli, S., Marchettini, P., Nolano, M., Polati, E., Provitera, V., Romano, M., Solaro, C., Tamburin, S., Tugnoli, V., Valeriani, M., Truini, Andrea, and On behalf of the Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group of the Italian Neurological Society

Published
2019
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8. Biallelic mutations in neurofascin cause neurodevelopmental impairment and peripheral demyelination

Author

Efthymiou, S., Salpietro, V., Malintan, N., Poncelet, M., Kriouile, Y., Fortuna, S., Zorzi, R. de, Payne, K., Henderson, L.B., Cortese, A., Maddirevula, S., Alhashmi, N., Wiethoff, S., Ryten, M., Botia, J.A., Provitera, V., Schuelke, M., Vandrovcova, J., Groppa, S., Karashova, B.M., Nachbauer, W., Boesch, S., Arning, L., Timmann, D., Cormand, B., Perez-Duenas, B., Goraya, J.S., Sultan, T., Mine, J., Avdjieva, D., Kathom, H., Tincheva, R., Banu, S., Pineda-Marfa, M., Veggiotti, P., Ferrari, M.D., Maagdenberg, A.M.J.M. van den, Verrotti, A., Marseglia, G., Savasta, S., Garcia-Silva, M., Ruiz, A.M., Garavaglia, B., Borgione, E., Portaro, S., Sanchez, B.M., Boles, R., Papacostas, S., Vikelis, M., Rothman, J., Kullmann, D., Papanicolaou, E.Z., Dardiotis, E., Maqbool, S., Ibrahim, S., Kirmani, S., Rana, N.N., Atawneh, O., Lim, S.Y., Shaikh, F., Koutsis, G., Breza, M., Mangano, S., Scuderi, C., Morello, G., Stojkovic, T., Zollo, M., Heimer, G., Dauvilliers, Y.A., Minetti, C., Al-Khawaja, I., Al-Mutairi, F., Hamed, S., Pipis, M., Bettencourt, C., Rinaldi, S., Walsh, L., Torti, E., Iodice, V., Najafi, M., Karimiani, E.G., Maroofian, R., Siquier-Pernet, K., Boddaert, N., Lonlay, P. de, Cantagrel, V., Aguennouz, M., Khorassani, M. el, Schmidts, M., Alkuraya, F.S., Edvardson, S., Nolano, M., Devaux, J., Houlden, H., SYNAPS Study Grp, Efthymiou, S., Salpietro, V., Malintan, N., Poncelet, M., Kriouile, Y., Fortuna, S., De Zorzi, R., Payne, K., Henderson, L. B., Cortese, A., Maddirevula, S., Alhashmi, N., Wiethoff, S., Ryten, M., Botia, J. A., Provitera, V., Schuelke, M., Vandrovcova, J., Walsh, L., Torti, E., Iodice, V., Najafi, M., Karimiani, E. G., Maroofian, R., Siquier-Pernet, K., Boddaert, N., De Lonlay, P., Cantagrel, V., Aguennouz, M., El Khorassani, M., Schmidts, M., Alkuraya, F. S., Edvardson, S., Nolano, M., Devaux, J., Houlden, H., Groppa, S., Karashova, B. M., Nachbauer, W., Boesch, S., Arning, L., Timmann, D., Cormand, B., Perez-Duenas, B., Goraya, J. S., Sultan, T., Mine, J., Avdjieva, D., Kathom, H., Tincheva, R., Banu, S., Pineda-Marfa, M., Veggiotti, P., Ferrari, M. D., Van Den Maagdenberg, A. M. J. M., Verrotti, A., Marseglia, G., Savasta, S., Garcia-Silva, M., Ruiz, A. M., Garavaglia, B., Borgione, E., Portaro, S., Sanchez, B. M., Boles, R., Papacostas, S., Vikelis, M., Rothman, J., Kullmann, D., Papanicolaou, E. Z., Dardiotis, E., Maqbool, S., Ibrahim, S., Kirmani, S., Rana, N. N., Atawneh, O., Lim, S. -Y., Shaikh, F., Koutsis, G., Breza, M., Mangano, S., Scuderi, C., Morello, G., Stojkovic, T., Zollo, M., Heimer, G., Dauvilliers, Y. A., Minetti, C., Al-Khawaja, I., Al-Mutairi, F., Hamed, S., Pipis, M., Bettencourt, C., Rinaldi, S., Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier - Déficits sensoriels et moteurs (INM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center for Neurology, University of Tübingen, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King‘s College London, Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Fondazione, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics [New York, NY, USA], Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Microbiology, Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], Institut de Myologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ceinge, centro di Ingegneria Genetica e Biotecnologie Avanzate, Unité des troubles du sommeil, Centre de référence national sur les maladies rares (narcolepsie, hypersomnie idiopathique, syndrome de Kleine-Levin)-Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, University of Genoa (UNIGE), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College of London [London] (UCL)-Institute of Neurology, Indiana University, Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System-Indiana University System, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute - St George’s [London, UK] (Genetics Research Centre), University of London [London], Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuroimagerie en psychiatrie (U1000), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service métabolisme, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases and the Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center [Jerusalem], Centre de recherche en neurobiologie - neurophysiologie de Marseille (CRN2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Efthymiou S., Salpietro V., Malintan N., Poncelet M., Kriouile Y., Fortuna S., De Zorzi R., Payne K., Henderson L.B., Cortese A., Maddirevula S., Alhashmi N., Wiethoff S., Ryten M., Botia J.A., Provitera V., Schuelke M., Vandrovcova J., Walsh L., Torti E., Iodice V., Najafi M., Karimiani E.G., Maroofian R., Siquier-Pernet K., Boddaert N., De Lonlay P., Cantagrel V., Aguennouz M., El Khorassani M., Schmidts M., Alkuraya F.S., Edvardson S., Nolano M., Devaux J., Houlden H., Groppa S., Karashova B.M., Nachbauer W., Boesch S., Arning L., Timmann D., Cormand B., Perez-Duenas B., Goraya J.S., Sultan T., Mine J., Avdjieva D., Kathom H., Tincheva R., Banu S., Pineda-Marfa M., Veggiotti P., Ferrari M.D., Van Den Maagdenberg A.M.J.M., Verrotti A., Marseglia G., Savasta S., Garcia-Silva M., Ruiz A.M., Garavaglia B., Borgione E., Portaro S., Sanchez B.M., Boles R., Papacostas S., Vikelis M., Rothman J., Kullmann D., Papanicolaou E.Z., Dardiotis E., Maqbool S., Ibrahim S., Kirmani S., Rana N.N., Atawneh O., Lim S.-Y., Shaikh F., Koutsis G., Breza M., Mangano S., Scuderi C., Morello G., Stojkovic T., Zollo M., Heimer G., Dauvilliers Y.A., Minetti C., Al-Khawaja I., Al-Mutairi F., Hamed S., Pipis M., Bettencourt C., Rinaldi S., Efthymiou, Stephanie, Salpietro, Vincenzo, Malintan, Nancy, Poncelet, Mallory, Kriouile, Yamna, Fortuna, Sara, De Zorzi, Rita, Payne, Katelyn, Henderson, Lindsay B, Cortese, Andrea, Maddirevula, Sateesh, Alhashmi, Nadia, Wiethoff, Sarah, Ryten, Mina, Botia, Juan A, Provitera, Vincenzo, Schuelke, Marku, Vandrovcova, Jana, Walsh, Laurence, Torti, Erin, Iodice, Valeria, Najafi, Maryam, Karimiani, Ehsan Ghayoor, Maroofian, Reza, Siquier-Pernet, Karine, Boddaert, Nathalie, De Lonlay, Pascale, Cantagrel, Vincent, Aguennouz, Mhammed, El Khorassani, Mohamed, Schmidts, Miriam, Alkuraya, Fowzan S, Edvardson, Simon, Nolano, Maria, Devaux, Jérôme, Houlden, Henry, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)

Subjects
Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Nerve Fibers, Myelinated, Gene Frequency, Neurodevelopmental Disorder, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], Nerve Growth Factor, Protein Isoforms, Child, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Myelin Sheath, neurofascin, neurodevelopment, peripheral demyelination, Allele, Demyelinating Disease, Genomics, neurodevelopment, neurofascin, peripheral demyelination, Settore MED/39 - Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Pedigree, [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, Child, Preschool, Peripheral Nerve, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Female, Neuroglia, Human, Adult, Adolescent, Nervous System Malformations, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Axon, Nervous System Malformation, Ranvier's Nodes, Humans, Nerve Growth Factors, Peripheral Nerves, Alleles, Autoantibodies, Infant, Protein Isoform, Original Articles, Axons, nervous system, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Cell Adhesion Molecule, Mutation, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Demyelinating Diseases
Abstract

See Karakaya and Wirth (doi:10.1093/brain/awz273) for a scientific commentary on this article. Neurofascin (NFASC) isoforms are immunoglobulin cell adhesion molecules involved in node of Ranvier assembly. Efthymiou et al. identify biallelic NFASC variants in ten unrelated patients with a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by variable degrees of central and peripheral involvement. Abnormal expression of Nfasc155 is accompanied by severe loss of myelinated fibres., Axon pathfinding and synapse formation are essential processes for nervous system development and function. The assembly of myelinated fibres and nodes of Ranvier is mediated by a number of cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily including neurofascin, encoded by the NFASC gene, and its alternative isoforms Nfasc186 and Nfasc140 (located in the axonal membrane at the node of Ranvier) and Nfasc155 (a glial component of the paranodal axoglial junction). We identified 10 individuals from six unrelated families, exhibiting a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized with a spectrum of central (intellectual disability, developmental delay, motor impairment, speech difficulties) and peripheral (early onset demyelinating neuropathy) neurological involvement, who were found by exome or genome sequencing to carry one frameshift and four different homozygous non-synonymous variants in NFASC. Expression studies using immunostaining-based techniques identified absent expression of the Nfasc155 isoform as a consequence of the frameshift variant and a significant reduction of expression was also observed in association with two non-synonymous variants affecting the fibronectin type III domain. Cell aggregation studies revealed a severely impaired Nfasc155-CNTN1/CASPR1 complex interaction as a result of the identified variants. Immunofluorescence staining of myelinated fibres from two affected individuals showed a severe loss of myelinated fibres and abnormalities in the paranodal junction morphology. Our results establish that recessive variants affecting the Nfasc155 isoform can affect the formation of paranodal axoglial junctions at the nodes of Ranvier. The genetic disease caused by biallelic NFASC variants includes neurodevelopmental impairment and a spectrum of central and peripheral demyelination as part of its core clinical phenotype. Our findings support possible overlapping molecular mechanisms of paranodal damage at peripheral nerves in both the immune-mediated and the genetic disease, but the observation of prominent central neurological involvement in NFASC biallelic variant carriers highlights the importance of this gene in human brain development and function.

Published
2019
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19. Generalized anhidrosis as first clinical presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus

Author

Provitera, V., Lubrano, E., Piscosquito, G., Manganelli, F., Santoro, L., Nolano, M., MANGANELLI, FIORE, Provitera, V., Lubrano, E., Piscosquito, G., Manganelli, F., Santoro, L., Nolano, M., and Manganelli, Fiore

Subjects
030203 arthritis & rheumatology, medicine.medical_specialty, Lupus erythematosus, business.industry, MEDLINE, medicine.disease, Dermatology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Rheumatology, Medicine, Generalized anhidrosis, Presentation (obstetrics), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Published
2018
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23. The analysis of epidermal nerve fibre spatial distribution improves the diagnostic yield of skin biopsy.

Author

Piscosquito, G., Provitera, V., Mozzillo, S., Caporaso, G., Borreca, I., Stancanelli, A., Manganelli, F., Santoro, L., and Nolano, M.

Subjects
*SKIN biopsy, *FIBERS, *NERVES, *NEURAL conduction, *NERVE fibers, *DIAGNOSIS, *EPIDERMIS
Abstract

Aim: Small fibre neuropathy (SFN) diagnosis represents a challenge for neurologists. The diagnostic gold standard is intraepidermal nerve fibre (IENF) density, but in about 10–20% of patients with symptoms/signs and abnormalities on functional tests, it remains within normal range. We propose an adjunctive parameter to improve the efficiency of skin biopsy diagnosis. Methods: We recruited 31 patients with SFN symptoms/signs, normal nerve conduction study, abnormal quantitative sensory testing and normal IENF density. We also included 31 healthy controls and 31 SFN patients with reduced IENF density as control groups. Results: We measured the distance between consecutive IENFs in the three groups. Mean inter‐fibre distances did not differ between patients with normal counts and healthy controls (66.7 ± 14.5 μm vs. 76.7 ± 13.4 μm; P = 0.052), while the relative standard deviation was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in patients (79.3 ± 29.9) compared to controls (51.6 ± 12.2). Using ROC analysis, we identified an inter‐fibre distance of 350 µm as the measure that better differentiated patients from controls (AUC = 0.85, sensitivity: 74%, specificity: 94%). At least one such segment was also observed in all patients with reduced IENF count. Conclusion: Irregular spatial distribution is an SFN intrinsic feature preceding actual nerve loss. The presence of a stretch of denervated epidermis longer than 350 µm is a parameter able to increase the diagnostic efficiency of skin biopsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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25. A multi-center, multinational age- and gender-adjusted normative dataset for immunofluorescent intraepidermal nerve fiber density at the distal leg

Author

Provitera, V, Gibbons, C. H, Wendelschafer Crabb, G, Donadio, V, Vitale, D. F, Stancanelli, A, Caporaso, G, Liguori, R, Wang, N, Kennedy, W. R, Nolano, M., NOLANO, MARIA, SANTORO, LUCIO, Provitera, V, Gibbons, C.H., Wendelschafer-Crabb, G., Donadio, V., Vitale, D.F., Stancanelli, A., Caporaso, G., Liguori, R., Wang, N., Santoro, L., Kennedy, W.R., Nolano, M., Gibbons, C. H, Wendelschafer Crabb, G, Donadio, V, Vitale, D. F, Stancanelli, A, Caporaso, G, Liguori, R, Wang, N, Santoro, Lucio, Kennedy, W. R, and Nolano, Maria

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, Percentile, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Nerve fiber, Age and gender, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nerve Fibers, Biopsy Site, Reference Values, Skin biopsy, Medicine, Cutoff, Humans, Neuropathology, Leg, Indirect immunofluorescence, Intraepidermal nerve fiber, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, Anatomy, Middle Aged, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Female, Neurology (clinical), Small fiber neuropathy, Epidermis, business, Nuclear medicine, Body mass index, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background and purpose Quantification of intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENFs) in skin biopsies is now the tool of choice to diagnose small fiber neuropathies. An adequate normative dataset, necessary to assess normality cutoffs, is available for brightfield microscopy but not for immunofluorescence. Methods Intraepidermal nerve fiber density data in distal leg skin samples processed with immunofluorescence were collected from 528 healthy individuals from four experienced laboratories worldwide. In all laboratories skin samples were collected, processed and analyzed according to standard procedures. Quantile regression analysis was employed to tailor the fit of the 5° percentile as the normal cutoff value and to test and measure the effect of age, gender, body mass index, race, biopsy site (lateral distal lower leg or medial posterior mid-calf) and participating laboratory as possible influential variables. Results Age, gender and biopsy site showed an independent linear correlation with IENF density. For each decade the 5° quantile IENF cutoff showed a 0.54 fibers/mm decrease, whilst females exhibited a 1.0 fiber/mm cutoff greater than males. Compared to the lateral distal lower leg, biopsies from the calf showed a 3.4 fibers/mm lower 5° percentile cutoff, documenting a variation linked by site. Conclusions An age- and gender-adjusted normative dataset for IENF density at the lateral distal lower leg obtained with indirect immunofluorescence is presented for the first time by sharing data from four experienced laboratories worldwide. This dataset can be used as reference for laboratories processing skin biopsies with this technique.

Published
2015

28. 4. Does small fiber pathology in PD change over time?

Author

Nolano, M., primary, Provitera, V., additional, Stancanelli, A., additional, Saltalamacchia, A., additional, Caporaso, G., additional, Lullo, F., additional, Borreca, I., additional, Piscosquito, G., additional, Lanzillo, B., additional, and Santoro, L., additional

Published
2017
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29. Autonomic nervous system involvement in a new CMT2B family

Author

MANGANELLI, FIORE, PISCIOTTA, CHIARA, IODICE, ROSA, SANTORO, LUCIO, Provitera V, Taioli F, Topa A, Fabrizi GM, Nolano M, NOLANO, MARIA, Manganelli, Fiore, Pisciotta, Chiara, Provitera, V, Taioli, F, Iodice, Rosa, Topa, A, Fabrizi, Gm, Nolano, M, Santoro, Lucio, and Nolano, Maria

Subjects
Male, Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2B, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Disease, Biology, Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, RAB7, medicine, Humans, autonomic nervous system, skin biopsy, Pathological, Aged, 80 and over, medicine.diagnostic_test, General Neuroscience, Laminopathies, Middle Aged, Phenotype, Sudomotor, Autonomic nervous system, Autonomic Nervous System Diseases, Skin biopsy, Female, Neurology (clinical)
Abstract

We describe the first Italian family affected by CMT2B carrying a Val162Met substitution in the RAB7 gene. The clinical and electrophysiological features of our family are similar to those of previously reported families with RAB7 mutations, also for the higher occurrence of ulcers in males. However, in this family we evaluated the autonomic nervous system, never investigated in CMT2B, by means of skin biopsy and sudomotor and cardiovascular tests. Our findings provide both pathological and functional evidence of autonomic nervous system involvement in CMT2B and expand the phenotypic characterization of CMT2B disease.

Published
2012

36. Sensory deficit in Parkinson's disease: evidence of a cutaneous denervation

Author

Nolano M, Provitera V, Estraneo A, Selim MM, Caporaso G, Stancanelli A, Saltalamacchia AM, Lanzillo B, SANTORO, LUCIO, Nolano, M, Provitera, V, Estraneo, A, Selim, Mm, Caporaso, G, Stancanelli, A, Saltalamacchia, Am, Lanzillo, B, and Santoro, Lucio

Abstract

Sensory disturbances are part of the clinical picture of Parkinson’s disease. Abnormalities in sensory processing, through a basal ganglia involvement, are thought to be responsible for the sensory dysfunction since sensory nerve conduction velocity (NCV) is usually normal.However, NCVdoes not examine small fibres or terminal endings of large sensory fibres, whereas skin biopsy is more suitable for these purposes.To evaluate peripheral sensory nerves in Parkinson’s disease, we studied cutaneous free and encapsulated sensory nerve endings in 18 patients and 30 healthy controls using 3-mm punch biopsies from glabrous and hairy skin. Ten patients had additional skin biopsies fromthe contralateral side. Further evaluation included NCV and Quantitative Sensory Testing. Parkinson’s disease patients showed a significant increase in tactile and thermal thresholds (P

Published
2008

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