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Two new pseudoscorpion species, Stenohya dongtianensis sp. nov. and S. jiahensis sp. nov., from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, are described and illustrated. An identification key is provided for all known representatives of the genus Stenohya from China.

Twenty-four new Tyrannochthonius species from twenty-eight karst caves of Guizhou are described, including detailed diagnosis and illustrations: T. acutus sp. nov. from Gazuida Cave (Kaili City), T. altus sp. nov. from Shenren Cave (Hezhang County), T. arificus sp. nov. from Hei Cave (Anlong County), T. babaowanensis sp. nov. from Babaowan Cave (Yinjiang County), T. breviculus sp. nov. from Yanjia Cave (Libo County), T. brevispinus sp. nov. from Jingua Cave (Danzhai County), T. duo sp. nov. from Liangfeng Cave (Jiangkou County), T. gracilis sp. nov. from Xianren Cave (Hezhang County), T. hispidus sp. nov. from Qilin Cave (Jianhe County), T. infirmus sp. nov. from Liujiadadong Cave (Pu’an County), T. latus sp. nov. from Zimu Cave (Panzhou City), T. maculosus sp. nov. from Daxiao Cave (Xingren City), T. multicavus sp. nov. from Xiaohui Cave & Weier Cave (Pingtang County) and Da Cave & Qixia Cave (Luodian County), T. multidentatus sp. nov. from Guanyin Cave (Fenggang County) and Anjialin Cave (Sinan County), T. nanxingensis sp. nov. from Feng Cave (Panzhou City), T. oblongus sp. nov. from Houzi Cave (Huaxi District), T. parcidentatus sp. nov. from Daniu Cave (Dafang County), T. pictus sp. nov. from Gaoluo Cave and Cangjun Cave (Dushan County), T. pinguis sp. nov. from Zharou Cave (Ziyun County), T. planus sp. nov. from Yanggong Cave (Sandu County), T. qilinensis sp. nov. from Qilin Cave (Jianhe County), T. quattuor sp. nov. from Guanjiadadong Cave (Dafang County), T. umidus sp. nov. from Da Cave (Wudang District), and T. yanshanensis sp. nov. from Yanshan Cave (Wuchuan County). An identification key to all known Tyrannochthonius species from China is also provided.

Four new troglomorphic pseudotyrannochthoniid pseudoscorpion species collected from karst caves in Guizhou Province are described with detailed diagnoses and illustrations: Allochthonius bainiensissp. nov. from Liangfeng Cave (Xishui County), Allochthonius pandussp. nov. from Daozuo Cave (Xishui County), Allochthonius xinqiaoensissp. nov. from Sanjie Cave (Fenggang County), and Spelaeochthonius wulibeiensissp. nov. from Wulibei Cave (Weining County). Spelaeochthonius wulibeiensissp. nov. represents the first record of the genus in China. The diagnostic features of these four new cave-adapted (troglomorphic) species are presented and discussed, as well as compared with closely related species. The data on their distribution, habitat and ecology of the species are also given.

Madagascar is amongst the “hottest” biodiversity hotspots with extreme levels of diversity and endemism. Throughout the last decades, there has been substantial progress in documenting the Malagasy invertebrate fauna but no study has ever focused on pseudoscorpions (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) in the arachnid fauna. Here we review the Malagasy fauna of Hercules pseudoscorpions (family Feaellidae), which are common in soil habitats of arid biomes across Madagascar. Using morphology and molecular data, we recover three reciprocally monophyletic clades that correspond to three new genera in well-defined biogeographical regions and identify twelve new species: Antsiarananaellagen. nov. for Antsirananaella lorenzorumsp. nov., Antsiarananaella leniaesp. nov., Antsiarananaella faulstichisp. nov. and Antsiarananaella marlaesp. nov.; Mahajanganellagen. nov. for Mahajanganella fridakahloaesp. nov., Mahajanganella heraclissp. nov. and Mahajanganella schwarzeneggerisp. nov.; Toliaranellagen. nov. for Toliaranella fisherisp. nov., Toliaranella griswoldisp. nov., Toliaranella mahnertisp. nov., Toliaranella meridionalissp. nov. and Toliaranella pumilasp. nov. Local endemism in this fauna is high and most species have small distributions, ranging from 20 km to 350 km linearly. Genetic distances between populations are also high, suggesting restricted dispersal or selection against dispersal in this fauna. Species’ ranges seem to be delimited by geological barriers including volcanic fields (Ambre-Bobaomby in the north of Madagascar), mountain ranges (foothills of the Central Highland Plateau), and rivers (Manankolana, Mandrare, Manombo and Onilahy Rivers and their anabranches), but mainly by different biome habitats. Overall, Madagascar emerges as a global “hotspot” of feaellid radiation and these animals may be used in future studies to test biogeographical hypotheses across xeric biomes on this island.

Eleven new Lagynochthonius species from twelve karst caves of eastern Yunnan are described, including detailed diagnosis and illustrations: L. crassus sp. nov. from Unnamed Cave 1 (Maguan County), L. fengi sp. nov. from Unnamed Cave 2 (Yanjin County), L. magnidentatus sp. nov. from Xiao Cave (Fuyuan County), L. minimus sp. nov. from Yanfen Cave and Cizhu Cave (Xichou County), L. retrorsus sp. nov. from Qinglong Cave (Daguan County), L. serratus sp. nov. from Unnamed Cave 3 (Malipo County), L. spinulentus sp. nov. from Yingshan Cave (Zhenxiong County), L. xiaolinensis sp. nov. from Dayan Cave (Zhenxiong County), L. xibaiensis sp. nov. from Hama Cave (Zhenxiong County), L. xinjiaoensis sp. nov. from Yueliang Cave (Fuyuan County), L. yaowangguensis sp. nov. from Unnamed Cave 4 (Malipo County). An identification key to all known Lagynochthonius species from China is also provided.

The genus Catatemnus Beier, 1932 is reported for the first time from China and includes six new species: C. huae sp. nov. from Hainan Island, C. laminosus sp. nov., C. ramus sp. nov., C. scaber sp. nov., and C. tengchongensis sp. nov. all from Yunnan Province, and C. tibetanus sp. nov. from Xizang Autonomous Region. Descriptions and illustrations of all the new species are provided.

Lagynochthonius tuoluoensis sp. nov. (ŔOEṄṁae) Figs 36–39 Type material. Holotype ♂ (Ps.- MHBU-GZC190806-01): China, Guizhou Province, Shuicheng District, Duge Town, Hongguang Village, Tuoluodadong Cave, under stones in the deep zone [26°18′29.76″N, 104°41′44.11″E], 1435 m a.s.l., 6 August 2019, Zegang Feng, Zhaoyi Li & Chen Zhang leg. Paratypes: 1 ♂ (Ps.- MHBU-GZC190806- 02), 6 ♀ (Ps.- MSWU-GZC190806-03 – GZC190806-08), all with the same data as the holotype. Etymology. Named after the type locality, Tuoluodadong Cave. Diagnosis (♂ ♀). Small-sized troglomorphic species with elongated appendages; carapace without eyes or eyespots; anterior margin of carapace thin and finely denticulated, epistome obtuse and small, round; posterior margin of the carapace with two setae; tergites Ⅰ–II each with two setae, tergites III–IV each with four setae. Pedipalps slender, femur 6.67–6.89 (♂), 6.45–6.80 (♀) times longer than broad; chela 5.87–6.21 (♂), 5.76–5.88 (♀) times longer than broad; chelal fingers without intercalary teeth but fixed chelal finger with a modified accessory tooth (td) on retrolateral face; chemosensory setae (sc) present on dorsum of chelal hand. Description. Males (holotype and paratype) (Figs 37A, 38A–F, 39). Colour: generally pale yellow, chelicerae, pedipalps and tergites slightly darker, soft parts pale. Cephalothorax (Figs 38C, 39A): carapace 1.06–1.09 times longer than broad, markedly narrowed posteriorly; surface smooth, without furrows; no traces of eyes; anterior margin slightly serrate; epistome obtuse and small, round, with two setae flanking base; with 18 setae arranged s4s: 4: 4: 2: 2, most setae heavy, long and gently curved, anterolateral setae much shorter than others; with two pairs of lyrifissures, first pair situated middle to the setae of ocular row, the second situated exterior to the sole pair of setae of posterior row. Chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, Ⅰ 3, II 4, III 5, IV 5; manducatory process with two acuminate distal setae, anterior seta more than 1/2 length of medial seta; apex of coxa Ⅰ with small, rounded anteromedial process; coxae II with 8–10 terminally indented coxal spines on each side, set as an oblique and arc row, longer spines present in the middle of the row, becoming shorter distally and proximally and incised for about half their length (Fig. 39C); intercoxal tubercle absent; without sub-oral seta. Chelicera (Figs 38D, 39B): large, about as long as carapace, 2.13–2.33 times longer than broad; five setae and two lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand, all setae acuminate, ventrobasal seta shorter than others; movable finger with one medial seta. Cheliceral palm with moderate hispid granulation on both ventral and dorsal sides. Both fingers well provided with teeth, fixed finger with ten teeth, distal one largest; movable finger with 8–9 retrorse contiguous small teeth; galea absent (Fig. 39B). Serrula exterior with 16–17 blades and serrula interior with 10–11 blades. Rallum with eight blades, the distal one longest and recumbent basally, with fine barbules and slightly set apart from the other blades, latter tightly grouped and with long pinnae, some of which are subdivided (Fig. 39D). Pedipalp (Figs 38A–B, E, 39E–G): long and slender, trochanter 1.33–1.50, femur 6.67–6.89, patella 2.20–2.33, chela 5.87–6.21, hand 2.27–2.43 times longer than broad; femur 2.82–2.86 times longer than patella; movable chelal finger 1.56–1.59 times longer than hand and 0.60–0.62 times longer than chela. Setae generally long and acuminate; one distal lyrifissure present on patella (Figs 38E, 39E). Chelal palm gradually constricted towards fingers, apodeme complex of movable chelal finger strongly sclerotized, with weak granulation dorsally at base of fixed chelal finger and hand. Fixed chelal finger and hand with eight trichobothria, movable chelal finger with four trichobothria, ib and isb situated close together, submedially on dorsum of chelal hand; eb, esb and ist forming a straight oblique row at base of fixed chelal finger; it slightly distal to est, situated subdistally; et slightly near to tip of fixed chelal finger, very close to chelal teeth; dx situated distal to et; sb closer to st than to b; b and t situated subdistally, t situated distal to b; it and est situated between b and t (Fig. 39F). A tiny retrolateral lyrifissure present at base of fixed chelal finger (situated distal to ist). Both chelal fingers with a row of teeth, homodentate, spaced regularly along the margin, larger and well-spaced teeth present in the middle of the row, becoming smaller and closer distally and proximally: fixed chelal finger with 26–27 macrodenticles, slightly retrorse and pointed, plus a modified accessory tooth on retrolateral face (td, near tip), 27–28 in total; movable chelal finger with 11 macrodenticles (slightly smaller than teeth on fixed chelal finger), slightly retrorse and pointed, plus 16–17 vestigial, rounded and contiguous basal teeth, 27–28 in total (Fig. 39F). Chelal fingers slightly curved in dorsal view; microsetae (chemosensory setae) present on dorsum of chelal hand (Figs 38B, 39G). Opisthosoma: generally typical, pleural membrane finely granulated. Tergites and sternites undivided; setae uniseriate and acuminate. Tergal chaetotaxy Ⅰ–XII: 2: 2: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4–6: 5–6: 5–6: 4–5: T2T: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy III–XII: 12–14: 14: 8–10: 8–9: 8–10: 8–10: 9–11: 9: 0: 2. Anterior genital operculum with 11–12 setae, genital opening slit-like, with 13–16 marginal setae on each side, 38–43 in total (Fig. 38F). Legs (Fig. 39H–I): generally typical, long and slender. Fine granulation present on anterodorsal faces of femur IV and patella IV. Femur of leg Ⅰ 1.94–2.06 times longer than patella and with one lyrifissure at the base of femur; tarsus 2.38–2.47 times longer than tibia. Femoropatella of leg IV 2.33–2.59 times longer than deep; tibia 4.71 times longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on both tarsal segments: metatarsus 3.20 times longer than deep (TS = 0.38), tarsus 9.25–9.50 times longer than deep and 2.31–2.38 times longer than metatarsus (TS = 0.27–0.29). Arolium slightly shorter than the claws, not divided; claws simple. Adult females (paratypes) (Figs 36C, 37B, 38G). Mostly same as males, but a little larger on average; with same coxal chaetotaxy as males; tergal chaetotaxy Ⅰ–XII: 2: 2: 4: 4: 5–6: 5–6: 5–6: 6–7: 6–7: 3–4: T2T: 0; sternal chaetotaxy IV–XII: 11–12: 9–11: 8–10: 9–11: 10–12: 11: 11: 0: 2; anterior genital operculum with 12 setae, posterior margin with 12–13 marginal setae, 24–25 in total; leg IV with a long tactile seta on both tarsal segments: metatarsus 3.00–3.40 times longer than deep (TS = 0.33–0.35), tarsus 10.00–10.25 times longer than deep and 2.28–2.35 times longer than metatarsus (TS = 0.24–0.28). Dimensions (length/breadth or, in the case of the legs, length/depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Males: body length 1.14–1.28. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.12–0.15/0.09–0.10 (1.33–1.50), femur 0.60–0.62/0.09 (6.67–6.89), patella 0.21–0.22/0.09–0.10 (2.20–2.33), chela 0.87–0.88/0.14–0.15 (5.87–6.21), hand 0.34/0.14–0.15 (2.27–2.43), movable chelal finger length 0.53–0.54. Chelicera 0.34–0.35/0.15–0.16 (2.13–2.33), movable finger length 0.18– 0.19. Carapace 0.37–0.38/0.35 (1.06–1.09). Leg Ⅰ: trochanter 0.08–0.10/0.09 (0.89–1.11), femur 0.31–0.33/0.05– 0.06 (5.50–6.20), patella 0.16/0.05 (3.20), tibia 0.15–0.16/0.04–0.05 (3.00–4.00), tarsus 0.37–0.38/0.04 (9.25– 9.50). Leg IV: trochanter 0.12–0.15/0.09–0.10 (1.20–1.67), femoropatella 0.42–0.44/0.17–0.18 (2.33–2.59), tibia 0.33/0.07 (4.71), metatarsus 0.16/0.05 (3.20), tarsus 0.37–0.38/0.04 (9.25–9.50). Females: body length 1.44–1.64. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.13/0.10–0.11 (1.18–1.30), femur 0.68–0.71/0.10–0.11 (6.45–6.80), patella 0.24–0.25/0.12 (2.00–2.08), chela 0.94–0.98/0.16–0.17 (5.76–5.88), hand 0.38–0.40/0.16–0.17 (2.35–2.38), movable chelal finger length 0.57–0.59. Chelicera 0.39–0.41/0.17–0.19 (2.16–2.29), movable finger length 0.20–0.22. Carapace 0.40–0.43/0.40–0.43 (1.00). Leg Ⅰ: trochanter 0.11/0.08–0.10 (1.10–1.38), femur 0.35– 0.39/0.06 (5.83–6.50), patella 0.19/0.05–0.06 (3.17–3.80), tibia 0.17–0.18/0.04–0.05 (3.60–4.25), tarsus 0.40– 0.43/0.04 (10.00–10.75). Leg IV: trochanter 0.13–0.15/0.11–0.12 (1.18–1.25), femoropatella 0.47–0.50/0.18–0.19 (2.47–2.78), tibia 0.35/0.07–0.08 (4.38–5.00), metatarsus 0.17–0.18/0.05–0.06 (3.00–3.40), tarsus 0.40–0.41/0.04 (10.00–10.25). Distribution. Known only from the type locality., Published as part of Hou, Yanmeng, Feng, Zegang & Zhang, Feng, 2023, New cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Guizhou in China, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 5309 (1) on pages 46-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5309.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8090046

Lagynochthonius longedentatus sp. nov. (KfflṄṁae) Figs 15–18 Type material. Holotype ♂ (Ps.- MHBU-HBUARA#2021-433 - 01): China, Guizhou Province, Ceheng County, Rongdu Town, Hongbaituo Village, Hongbaituo Cave, under stones in the deep zone [25°4′42.31″N, 105°43′3.96″E], 1033 m a.s.l., 10 October 2021, Zegang Feng, Yanmeng Hou, Lu Zhang & Liu Fu leg. Paratype: 1 ♀ (Ps.- MSWU-HBUARA#2021-433 - 02), with the same data as the holotype. Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin words “ longus ” and “ dentatus ”, meaning elongate and toothed, respectively, and referring to the elongated intercalary teeth on the fixed chelal finger. Diagnosis (♂ ♀). Moderately sized troglomorphic species with elongated appendages; carapace without eyes or eyespots; anterior margin of carapace thin, finely denticulated, epistome small, pointed, triangular; posterior margin of carapace with two setae; tergites III–VII each with four setae. Pedipalps slender, femur 7.15 (♂), 7.42 (♀) times longer than broad; chela robust, 6.65 (♂), 6.63 (♀) times longer than broad; chelal fingers with intercalary teeth; fixed chelal finger with a row of macrodenticles that are distinctly larger than movable chelal finger teeth, pointed and slightly retrorse, fixed chelal finger intercalary teeth almost as large as movable finger teeth; chemosensory setae (sc) present on dorsum of chelal hand. Description. Male (holotype) (Figs 20A, 17A–F, 18). Colour: generally pale yellow, chelicerae, pedipalps and tergites slightly darker, soft parts pale. Cephalothorax (Figs 17C, 18A): carapace 1.00 times longer than broad, squarish, gently narrowed posteriorly; surface smooth, without furrows; no traces of eyes; anterior margin slightly serrate; epistome small, pointed, triangular; with 18 setae arranged s4s: 4: 4: 2: 2, most setae heavy, long and gently curved, anterolateral setae much shorter than others; with two pairs of lyrifissures, first pair situated middle to setae of ocular row, second pair situated lateral to the sole pair of setae of posterior row. Chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, Ⅰ 3, II 4, III 5, IV 5; manducatory process with two acuminate distal setae, anterior seta less than 1/2 length of medial seta; apex of coxa Ⅰ with small, rounded anteromedial process; coxae II with seven terminally indented coxal spines on each side, set as an oblique row, longer spines present in the middle of the row, becoming shorter distally and proximally and incised for about half their length (Fig. 18C); intercoxal tubercle absent; without sub-oral seta. Chelicera (Figs 17D, 18B): large, about as long as carapace, 2.48 times longer than broad; five setae and two lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand, all setae acuminate, ventrobasal seta shorter than others; movable finger with one medial seta. Cheliceral palm with moderate hispid granulation on both ventral and dorsal sides. Both fingers well provided with teeth, fixed finger with 17 teeth, distal one largest; movable finger with 17 retrorse contiguous small teeth; galea absent (Fig. 18B). Serrula exterior with 20 blades and serrula interior with 12 blades. Rallum with eight blades, the distal one longest and recumbent basally, with fine barbules and slightly set apart from the other blades, latter tightly grouped and with long pinnae, some of which are subdivided (Fig. 18D). Pedipalp (Figs 17A–B, E, 18E–G): long and slender, trochanter 1.07, femur 7.15, patella 2.20, chela 6.65, hand 2.50 times longer than broad; femur 2.82 times longer than patella; movable chelal finger 1.66 times longer than hand and 0.62 times longer than chela. Setae generally long and acuminate; one distal lyrifissure present on patella (Figs 17E, 18E). Chelal palm gradually constricted towards fingers, apodeme complex of movable chelal finger sclerotized, with weak granulation dorsally at base of fixed chelal finger and hand. Fixed chelal finger and hand with eight trichobothria, movable chelal finger with four trichobothria, ib and isb situated close together, submedially on dorsum of chelal hand; eb, esb and ist forming an oblique row at base of fixed chelal finger; it slightly distal to est, situated subdistally; et slightly near to tip of fixed chelal finger, very close to chelal teeth; dx situated distal to et; sb closer to st than to b; b and t situated subdistally, t situated distal to b and it; est situated at same level as b (Fig. 18F). A tiny retrolateral lyrifissure present at base of fixed chelal finger (situated distal to ist). Both chelal fingers with a row of teeth, heterodentate, spaced regularly along the margin, larger teeth present in the middle of the row, becoming smaller and closer distally and proximally: fixed chelal finger with 28 macrodenticles, slightly retrorse and pointed, plus 19 intercalary microdenticles, 47 in total; movable chelal finger with 24 macrodenticles (markedly smaller than teeth on fixed chelal finger), slightly retrorse and pointed, plus 12 intercalary microdenticles (extending roughly to the middle of sb and b) and nine vestigial, rounded and contiguous basal teeth, 45 in total (Fig. 18F). Chelal fingers slightly curved in dorsal view; microsetae (chemosensory setae) present on dorsum of chelal hand (Figs 17B, 18G). Opisthosoma: generally typical, pleural membrane finely granulated. Tergites and sternites undivided; setae uniseriate and acuminate. Tergal chaetotaxy Ⅰ–XII: 2: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 5: 5: 4: T2T: 0, tergites VIII and IX each with an unpaired median seta. Sternal chaetotaxy III–XII: 12: 9: 9: 9: 9: 10: 9: 7: 0: 2. Anterior genital operculum with 11 setae, genital opening slit-like, with 13–15 marginal setae on each side, 39 in total (Fig. 17F). Legs (Fig. 18H–I): generally typical, long and slender. Fine granulation present on anterodorsal faces of femur IV and patella IV. Femur of leg Ⅰ 1.77 times longer than patella and with one lyrifissure at the base of femur; tarsus 2.46 times longer than tibia. Femoropatella of leg IV 3.48 times longer than deep; tibia 5.67 times longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on both tarsal segments: metatarsus 3.71 times longer than deep (TS = 0.35), tarsus 14.00 times longer than deep and 2.69 times longer than metatarsus (TS = 0.23). Arolium slightly shorter than the claws, not divided; claws simple. Adult female (paratype) (Figs 15D, 16B, 17G). Mostly same as male; with same chaetotaxy of coxae as male; tergal chaetotaxy Ⅰ–XII: 4: 3: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 5: 4: T2T: 0; sternal chaetotaxy IV–XII: 11: 9: 8: 9: 9: 9: 8: 0: 2; anterior genital operculum with ten setae, posterior margin with 12 marginal setae, 22 in total; leg IV with a long tactile seta on both tarsal segments: metatarsus 3.43 times longer than deep (TS = 0.38), tarsus 12.60 times longer than deep and 2.63 times longer than metatarsus (TS = 0.29). Dimensions (length/breadth or, in the case of the legs, length/depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Male: body length 1.42. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.16/0.15 (1.07), femur 0.93/0.13 (7.15), patella 0.33/0.15 (2.20), chela 1.33/0.20 (6.65), hand 0.50/0.20 (2.50), movable chelal finger length 0.83. Chelicera 0.57/0.23 (2.48), movable finger length 0.30. Carapace 0.49/0.49 (1.00). Leg Ⅰ: trochanter 0.15/0.14 (1.07), femur 0.53/0.07 (7.57), patella 0.30/0.06 (5.00), tibia 0.24/0.05 (4.80), tarsus 0.59/0.05 (11.80). Leg IV: trochanter 0.22/0.13 (1.69), femoropatella 0.80/0.23 (3.48), tibia 0.51/0.09 (5.67), metatarsus 0.26/0.07 (3.71), tarsus 0.70/0.05 (14.00). Female: body length 1.59. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.18/0.14 (1.29), femur 0.89/0.12 (7.42), patella 0.30/0.15 (2.00), chela 1.26/0.19 (6.63), hand 0.49/0.19 (2.58), movable chelal finger length 0.76. Chelicera 0.55/0.22 (2.50), movable finger length 0.29. Carapace 0.47/0.48 (0.98). Leg Ⅰ: trochanter 0.14/0.12 (1.17), femur 0.52/0.07 (7.43), patella 0.28/0.06 (4.67), tibia 0.23/0.05 (4.60), tarsus 0.55/0.05 (11.00). Leg IV: trochanter 0.22/0.14 (1.57), femoropatella 0.71/0.20 (3.55), tibia 0.46/0.08 (5.75), metatarsus 0.24/0.07 (3.43), tarsus 0.63/0.05 (12.60). Distribution. Known only from the type locality.

Lagynochthonius maanensis sp. nov. (ḢḊṄṁae) Figs 23–26 Type material. Holotype ♀ (Ps.-MHBU-GZZA-20-18-01): China, Guizhou Province, Zheng’an County, Hexi Town, Maan Village, Pianxiao Cave, under stones in the deep zone [28°24′37.86″N, 107°26′31.84″E], 932 m a.s.l., 25 August 2020, Zegang Feng, Hongru Xu & Yanmeng Hou leg. Paratype: 1 ♀ (Ps.-MSWU-GZZA-20-18-02), with the same data as the holotype. Etymology. Named after the village of Maan, near the type locality. Diagnosis ( ♀ ). Moderately sized troglomorphic species with elongated appendages; carapace without eyes or eyespots; anterior margin of carapace thin, finely denticulated, epistome obtuse and small, round; posterior margin of carapace with two setae; tergites Ⅰ–II each with two setae, tergites III–Ⅴ each with four setae. Pedipalps slender, femur 5.43–5.75 times longer than broad; chela 5.84–5.88 times longer than broad; chelal fingers without intercalary teeth but fixed chelal finger with a modified accessory tooth (td) on retrolateral face; chemosensory setae (sc) present on dorsum of chelal hand. Description. Females (holotype and paratype), male unknown (Figs 23E, 24–26). Colour: generally pale yellow, chelicerae, pedipalps and tergites slightly darker, soft parts pale. Cephalothorax (Figs 25C, 26A): carapace 0.93–0.96 times longer than broad, gently narrowed posteriorly; surface smooth, without furrows; no traces of eyes; anterior margin slightly serrate; epistome obtuse and small, round, with two setae flanking base; with 18 setae arranged s4s: 4: 4: 2: 2, most setae heavy, long and gently curved, anterolateral setae much shorter than others; with two pairs of lyrifissures, first pair situated middle to setae of ocular row, second pair situated lateral to the sole pair of setae of posterior row. Chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, Ⅰ 3, II 4, III 5, IV 5; manducatory process with two acuminate distal setae, anterior seta more than 1/2 length of medial seta; apex of coxa Ⅰ with small, rounded anteromedial process; coxae II with 8–9 terminally indented coxal spines on each side, set as an oblique row, longer spines present in the middle of the row, becoming shorter distally and proximally and incised for about half their length (Fig. 26C); intercoxal tubercle absent; without sub-oral seta. Chelicera (Figs 25D, 26B): large, about as long as carapace, 2.14–2.17 times longer than broad; five setae and two lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand, all setae acuminate, ventrobasal seta shorter than others; movable finger with one medial seta. Cheliceral palm with moderate hispid granulation on both ventral and dorsal sides. Both fingers well provided with teeth, fixed finger with 11–13 teeth, distal one largest; movable finger with 11–12 retrorse contiguous small teeth; galea represented by a very slight bump on movable finger (Fig. 26B). Serrula exterior with 17–18 blades and serrula interior with 13–14 blades. Rallum with eight blades, the distal one longest and recumbent basally, with fine barbules and slightly set apart from the other blades, latter tightly grouped and with long pinnae, some of which are subdivided (Fig. 26D). Pedipalp (Figs 25A–B, F, 26E–G): long and slender, trochanter 1.18–1.38, femur 5.43–5.75, patella 2.00–2.08, chela 5.84–5.88, hand 2.29–2.32 times longer than broad; femur 2.71–2.76 times longer than patella; movable chelal finger 1.55–1.56 times longer than hand and 0.61 times longer than chela. Setae generally long and acuminate; one distal lyrifissure present on patella (Figs 25F, 26E). Chelal palm gradually constricted towards fingers, apodeme complex of movable chelal finger strongly sclerotized, with weak granulation dorsally at base of fixed chelal finger and hand. Fixed chelal finger and hand with eight trichobothria, movable chelal finger with four trichobothria, ib and isb situated close together, submedially on dorsum of chelal hand; eb, esb and ist forming an oblique row at base of fixed chelal finger; it slightly distal to est, situated subdistally; et slightly near to tip of fixed chelal finger, very close to chelal teeth; dx situated distal to et; sb closer to st than to b; b and t situated subdistally, t situated distal to b; it and est situated between t and b (Fig. 26F). A tiny retrolateral lyrifissure present at base of fixed chelal finger (situated distal to ist). Both chelal fingers with a row of teeth, homodentate, spaced regularly along the margin, larger and well-spaced teeth present in the middle of the row, becoming smaller and closer distally and proximally: fixed chelal finger with 25 macrodenticles, slightly retrorse and pointed, plus a modified accessory tooth on retrolateral face (td, close to dx), 26 in total; movable chelal finger with 11 macrodenticles (slightly smaller than teeth on fixed chelal finger), slightly retrorse and pointed, plus 14–15 vestigial, rounded and contiguous basal teeth, 25–26 in total (Fig. 26F). Chelal fingers straight in dorsal view; microsetae (chemosensory setae) present on dorsum of chelal hand (Figs 25B, 26G). Opisthosoma: generally typical, pleural membrane finely granulated. Tergites and sternites undivided; setae uniseriate and acuminate. Tergal chaetotaxy Ⅰ–XII: 2: 2: 4: 4: 4: 4–5: 5: 5–6: 5–6: 4: T2T: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy IV–XII: 13–14: 9–10: 8: 9–10: 9: 10–12: 10–11: 0: 2. Anterior genital operculum with ten setae, posterior margin with 14–15 marginal setae, 24–25 in total (Fig. 25E). Legs (Fig. 26H–I): generally typical, long and slender. Fine granulation present on anterodorsal faces of femur IV and patella IV. Femur of leg Ⅰ 2.00–2.06 times longer than patella and with one lyrifissure at the base of femur; tarsus 2.35–2.37 times longer than tibia. Femoropatella of leg IV 2.80–2.94 times longer than deep; tibia 4.63–5.00 times longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on both tarsal segments: metatarsus 3.00 times longer than deep (TS = 0.33–0.39), tarsus 10.00–11.50 times longer than deep and 2.22–2.56 times longer than metatarsus (TS = 0.30–0.35). Arolium slightly shorter than the claws, not divided; claws simple. Dimensions (length/breadth or, in the case of the legs, length/depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Females: body length 1.64–1.83. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.13–0.18/0.11–0.13 (1.18–1.38), femur 0.69–0.76/0.12–0.14 (5.43– 5.75), patella 0.25–0.28/0.12–0.14 (2.00–2.08), chela 1.00–1.11/0.17–0.19 (5.84–5.88), hand 0.39–0.44/0.17–0.19 (2.29–2.32), movable chelal finger length 0.61–0.68. Chelicera 0.45–0.50/0.21–0.23 (2.14–2.17), movable finger length 0.24–0.26. Carapace 0.40–0.47/0.43–0.49 (0.93–0.96). Leg Ⅰ: trochanter 0.11/0.10–0.11 (1.00–1.10), femur 0.37–0.40/0.06–0.07 (5.71–6.17), patella 0.18–0.20/0.06 (3.00–3.33), tibia 0.17–0.19/0.04 (4.25–4.75), tarsus 0.40–0.45/0.04 (10.00–11.25). Leg IV: trochanter 0.17–0.19/0.11–0.12 (1.56), femoropatella 0.50–0.56/0.17–0.20 (2.80–2.94), tibia 0.37–0.40/0.08 (4.63–5.00), metatarsus 0.18/0.06 (3.00), tarsus 0.40–0.46/0.04 (10.00–11.50). Distribution. Known only from the type locality., Published as part of Hou, Yanmeng, Feng, Zegang & Zhang, Feng, 2023, New cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Guizhou in China, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 5309 (1) on pages 31-35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5309.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8090046

Lagynochthonius nigriculus sp. nov. (ḆṘṄṁae) Figs 31–35 Type material. Holotype ♂ (Ps.- MHBU-HBUARA#2021-423 - 01): China, Guizhou Province, Weining County, Yangjie Town, Songshan Village, Yuqiyan Cave, under stones in the deep zone [26°59′21.87″N, 104°20′23.68″E], 2143 m a.s.l., 4 October 2021, Zegang Feng, Yanmeng Hou, Lu Zhang & Liu Fu leg. Paratypes: 4 ♀ (Ps.- MHBU-HBUARA#2021-423 - 02 –HBUARA#2021-423-05), all with the same data as the holotype; 6 ♀ (Ps.- MSWU-HBUARA#2021-425 - 01 –HBUARA#2021-425-06), Songshan Village, unnamed cave, [26°59′14.67″N, 104°20′33.35″E], 2165 m a.s.l., with the same collection date and collectors as the holotype; 1 ♂ (Ps.- MSWU-HBUARA#2022-495 - 01), 4 ♀ (Ps.- MSWU-HBUARA#2022-495 - 02 –HBUARA#2022-495-05), Songshan Village, unnamed cave, 31 July 2022, Yanmeng Hou, Lu Zhang, Jianzhou Sun & Wenlong Fan leg. Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin adjective “ nigriculus ”, meaning blackish, which refers to the black tergites. Diagnosis (♂ ♀). Moderately sized troglomorphic species with elongated appendages; carapace without eyes or eyespots; anterior margin of carapace thin, finely denticulated, epistome small and pointed, triangular; posterior margin of carapace with two setae; tergites Ⅰ–II each with two setae. Pedipalps slender, femur 8.93–9.00 (♂), 8.24– 8.67 (♀) times longer than broad; chela 8.00–8.14 (♂), 7.25–7.68 (♀) times longer than broad; chelal fingers without intercalary teeth but fixed chelal finger with a modified accessory tooth (td) on retrolateral face; chemosensory setae (sc) present on dorsum of chelal hand. Description. Males (holotype and paratype) (Figs 31D, 33A, 34A–F, 35). Colour: generally pale yellow, chelicerae, pedipalps and tergites slightly darker, soft parts pale. Cephalothorax (Figs 34C, 35A): carapace 0.97–1.05 times longer than broad, gently narrowed posteriorly; surface smooth, without furrows; no traces of eyes; anterior margin slightly serrate; epistome small and pointed, triangular, with two setae flanking base; with 18 setae arranged s4s: 4: 4: 2: 2, most setae heavy, long and gently curved, anterolateral setae much shorter than others; with two pairs of lyrifissures, first pair situated middle to the setae of ocular row, the second situated exterior to the sole pair of setae of posterior row. Chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, Ⅰ 3, II 3–4, III 5, IV 5; manducatory process with two acuminate distal setae, anterior seta less than 1/2 length of medial seta; apex of coxa Ⅰ with small, rounded anteromedial process; coxae II with 13–15 terminally indented coxal spines on each side, set as an oblique and arc row, longer spines present in the middle of the row, becoming shorter distally and proximally and incised for about half their length (Fig. 35C); intercoxal tubercle absent; without sub-oral seta. Chelicera (Figs 34D, 35B): large, about as long as carapace, 2.43–2.48 times longer than broad; five setae and two lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand, all setae acuminate, ventrobasal seta shorter than others; movable finger with one medial seta. Cheliceral palm with moderate hispid granulation on both ventral and dorsal sides. Both fingers well provided with teeth, fixed finger with 19–20 teeth, distal one largest; movable finger with 21–23 retrorse contiguous small teeth; galea absent (Fig. 35B). Serrula exterior with 23 blades and serrula interior with 12 blades. Rallum with eight blades, the distal one longest and recumbent basally, with fine barbules and slightly set apart from the other blades, latter tightly grouped and with long pinnae, some of which are subdivided (Fig. 35D). Pedipalp (Figs 34A–B, E, 35E–G): long and slender, trochanter 1.32–1.44, femur 8.93–9.00, patella 2.56–2.67, chela 8.00–8.14, hand 3.33–3.41 times longer than broad; femur 2.81–3.05 times longer than patella; movable chelal finger 1.37–1.39 times longer than hand and 0.58 times longer than chela. Setae generally long and acuminate; one distal lyrifissures present on patella (Figs 34E, 35E). Chelal palm gradually constricted towards fingers, apodeme complex of movable chelal finger strongly sclerotized, with weak granulation dorsally at base of fixed chelal finger and hand. Fixed chelal finger and hand with eight trichobothria, movable chelal finger with four trichobothria, ib and isb situated close together, submedially on dorsum of chelal hand; eb, esb and ist forming a straight oblique row at base of fixed chelal finger; it slightly distal to est, situated subdistally; et slightly near to tip of fixed chelal finger, very close to chelal teeth; dx situated distal to et; sb closer to st than to b; b and t situated subdistally, t situated distal to b; b distal to est; it situated between t and b (Fig. 35F). A tiny retrolateral lyrifissure present at base of fixed chelal finger (situated distal to ist). Both chelal fingers with a row of teeth, homodentate, spaced regularly along the margin, larger and well-spaced teeth present in the middle of the row, becoming smaller and closer distally and proximally: fixed chelal finger with 29–30 macrodenticles, slightly retrorse and pointed, plus a modified accessory tooth on retrolateral face (td, close to dx), 30–31 in total; movable chelal finger with 20–21 macrodenticles (smaller than teeth on fixed chelal finger), slightly retrorse and pointed, plus 7–9 vestigial, rounded and contiguous basal teeth, 28–29 in total (Fig. 35F). Chelal fingers slightly curved in dorsal view; microsetae (chemosensory setae) present on dorsum of chelal hand (Figs 34B, 35G). Opisthosoma: generally typical, pleural membrane finely granulated. Tergites and sternites undivided; setae uniseriate and acuminate. Tergal chaetotaxy Ⅰ–XII: 2: 2: 2–4: 4: 4: 4–6: 4–5: 5: 5: 2: T2T: 0, tergites VIII and IX each with an unpaired median seta. Sternal chaetotaxy III–XII: 13–14: 11–12: 8–9: 7–8: 7–9: 8–9: 7–9: 7–8: 0: 2. Anterior genital operculum with 11 setae, genital opening slit-like, with 12–15 marginal setae on each side, 36–39 in total (Fig. 35F). Legs (Fig. 35H–I): generally typical, long and slender. Fine granulation present on anterodorsal faces of femur IV and patella IV. Femur of leg Ⅰ 1.83–1.92 times longer than patella and with one lyrifissure at the base of femur; tarsus 2.59 times longer than tibia. Femoropatella of leg IV 4.68–4.95 times longer than deep; tibia 6.90–7.00 times longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on both tarsal segments: metatarsus 3.88–4.14 times longer than deep (TS = 0.26–0.28), tarsus 14.83–15.40 times longer than deep and 2.66–2.87 times longer than metatarsus (TS = 0.34–0.36). Arolium slightly shorter than the claws, not divided; claws simple. Adult females (paratypes) (Figs 31E, 33B, 34G). Mostly same as males, but a little larger; chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, Ⅰ 3–4, II 4, III 5, IV 5; tergal chaetotaxy Ⅰ–XII: 2: 2: 2–4: 3–4: 4: 4: 4: 5: 5: 2: T2T: 0; sternal chaetotaxy IV–XII: 12–14: 8–10: 8–10: 8–9: 8–9: 7–9: 7–8: 0: 2; anterior genital operculum with 10–12 setae, posterior margin with 13–15 marginal setae, 24–26 in total; leg IV with a long tactile seta on both tarsal segments: metatarsus 3.63–3.88 times longer than deep (TS = 0.23–0.31), tarsus 14.50–17.20 times longer than deep and 2.77–2.97 times longer than metatarsus (TS = 0.28–0.34). Dimensions (length/breadth or, in the case of the legs, length/depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Males: body length 2.00. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.23–0.25/0.16–0.19 (1.32–1.44), femur 1.25–1.35/0.14–0.15 (8.93–9.00), patella 0.41–0.48/0.16–0.18 (2.56–2.67), chela 1.79–1.92/0.22–0.24 (8.00–8.14), hand 0.75–0.80/0.22–0.24 (3.33– 3.41), movable chelal finger length 1.03–1.11. Chelicera 0.67–0.73/0.27–0.30 (2.43–2.48), movable finger length 0.37–0.40. Carapace 0.56–0.64/0.58–0.61 (0.97–1.05). Leg Ⅰ: trochanter 0.16–0.20/0.13–0.16 (1.23–1.25), femur 0.69–0.73/0.08–0.09 (8.11–8.63), patella 0.36–0.40/0.07–0.08 (5.00–5.14), tibia 0.29–0.32/0.06–0.07 (4.57–4.83), tarsus 0.75–0.83/0.06 (12.50–13.83). Leg IV: trochanter 0.26–0.29/0.15–0.16 (1.73–1.81), femoropatella 0.94– 1.03/0.19–0.22 (4.68–4.95), tibia 0.63–0.69/0.09–0.10 (6.90–7.00), metatarsus 0.29–0.31/0.07–0.08 (3.88–4.14), tarsus 0.77–0.89/0.05–0.06 (14.83–15.40). Females: body length 2.17–2.74. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.23–0.26/0.18–0.21 (1.19–1.37), femur 1.30–1.40/0.15– 0.17 (8.24–8.67), patella 0.44–0.48/0.18–0.20 (2.40–2.67), chela 1.84–2.03/0.24–0.28 (7.25–7.68), hand 0.78– 0.84/0.24–0.28 (3.00–3.25), movable chelal finger length 1.06–1.20. Chelicera 0.73–0.81/0.29–0.33 (2.38–2.52), movable finger length 0.40–0.44. Carapace 0.61–0.72/0.64–0.68 (0.93–1.06). Leg Ⅰ: trochanter 0.18–0.22/0.15– 0.18 (1.19–1.25), femur 0.71–0.78/0.08–0.10 (7.80–9.13), patella 0.37–0.42/0.08–0.10 (4.67–5.29), tibia 0.30– 0.34/0.06–0.07 (4.86–5.33), tarsus 0.77–0.89/0.06–0.07 (12.71–13.33). Leg IV: trochanter 0.27–0.31/0.15–0.17 (1.71–1.94), femoropatella 1.00–1.10/0.20–0.22 (4.59–5.00), tibia 0.65–0.71/0.10–0.11 (6.18–6.50), metatarsus 0.29–0.34/0.08–0.09 (3.63–3.88), tarsus 0.83–0.95/0.05–0.06 (14.50–17.20). Distribution. Known only from the Yuqiyan and unnamed caves.

Lagynochthonius xiaoensis sp. nov. (OiffiṄṁae) Figs 40–43 Type material. Holotype ♀ (Ps.- MHBU-GZC190727-01 - 01): China, Guizhou Province, Suiyang County, Yangchuan Sub-district, Xinglong Village, Xiao Cave, under stones in the deep zone [27°59′57.61″N, 107°10′31.85″E], 976 m a.s.l., 27 July 2019, Zegang Feng, Zhaoyi Li & Chen Zhang leg. Paratype: 1 ♀ (Ps.- MSWU-GZC190727-01 - 02), with the same data as the holotype. Etymology. Named after the type locality, Xiao Cave. Diagnosis ( ♀ ). Small-sized troglomorphic species with elongated appendages; carapace without eyes or eyespots; anterior margin of carapace thin, finely denticulated, epistome obtuse and small, round; posterior margin of carapace with two setae; tergites Ⅰ–VI each with four setae. Pedipalps slender, femur 5.91–6.09 times longer than broad; chela 6.33–6.47 times longer than broad; chelal fingers without intercalary teeth but fixed chelal finger with a modified accessory tooth (td) on retrolateral face; chemosensory setae (sc) present on dorsum of chelal hand. Description. Females (holotype and paratype), male unknown (Figs 40D, 41–43). Colour: generally pale yellow, chelicerae, pedipalps and tergites slightly darker, soft parts pale. Cephalothorax (Figs 42C, 43A): carapace 0.93 times longer than broad, gently narrowed posteriorly; surface smooth, without furrows; no traces of eyes; anterior margin slightly serrate; epistome obtuse and small, round, with two setae flanking base; with 18 setae arranged s4s: 4: 4: 2: 2, most setae heavy, long and gently curved, anterolateral setae much shorter than others; with two pairs of lyrifissures, first pair situated middle to setae of ocular row, second pair situated lateral to the sole pair of setae of posterior row. Chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, Ⅰ 3, II 4, III 5, IV 5; manducatory process with two acuminate distal setae, anterior seta more than 1/2 length of medial seta; apex of coxa Ⅰ with small, rounded anteromedial process; coxae II with 7–8 terminally indented coxal spines on each side, set as an oblique row, longer spines present in the middle of the row, becoming shorter distally and proximally and incised for about half their length (Fig. 43C); intercoxal tubercle absent; without sub-oral seta. Chelicera (Figs 42D, 43B): large, about as long as carapace, 2.15 times longer than broad; five setae and two lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand, all setae acuminate, ventrobasal seta shorter than others; movable finger with one medial seta. Cheliceral palm with moderate hispid granulation on both ventral and dorsal sides. Both fingers well provided with teeth, fixed finger with 12–14 teeth, distal one largest; movable finger with 11 retrorse contiguous small teeth; galea represented by a very slight bump on movable finger (Fig. 43B). Serrula exterior with 15–16 blades and serrula interior with 11–12 blades. Rallum with nine blades, the distal one longest and recumbent basally, with fine barbules and slightly set apart from the other blades, latter tightly grouped and with long pinnae, some of which are subdivided (Fig. 43D). Pedipalp (Figs 42A–B, F, 43E–G): long and slender, trochanter 1.27, femur 5.91–6.09, patella 1.92–2.08, chela 6.33–6.47, hand 2.53 times longer than broad; femur 2.68–2.83 times longer than patella; movable chelal finger 1.50–1.58 times longer than hand and 0.60–0.62 times longer than chela. Setae generally long and acuminate; one distal lyrifissure present on patella (Figs 42F, 43E). Chelal palm gradually constricted towards fingers, apodeme complex of movable chelal finger strongly sclerotized, with weak granulation dorsally at base of fixed chelal finger and hand. Fixed chelal finger and hand with eight trichobothria, movable chelal finger with four trichobothria, ib and isb situated close together, submedially on dorsum of chelal hand; eb, esb and ist forming an oblique row at base of fixed chelal finger; it slightly distal to est, situated subdistally; et slightly near to tip of fixed chelal finger, very close to chelal teeth; dx situated distal to et; sb situated midway between st and b; b and t situated subdistally, t situated distal to b and between it and est; est distal to b (Fig. 43F). A tiny retrolateral lyrifissure present at base of fixed chelal finger (situated distal to ist). Both chelal fingers with a row of teeth, homodentate, spaced regularly along the margin, larger and well-spaced teeth present in the middle of the row, becoming smaller and closer distally and proximally: fixed chelal finger with 24–25 macrodenticles, slightly retrorse and pointed, plus a modified accessory tooth on retrolateral face (td, close to dx), 25–26 in total; movable chelal finger with ten macrodenticles (slightly smaller than teeth on fixed chelal finger), slightly retrorse and pointed, plus 14–16 vestigial, rounded and contiguous basal teeth, 24–26 in total (Fig. 43F). Chelal fingers straight in dorsal view; microsetae (chemosensory setae) present on dorsum of chelal hand (Figs 42B, 43G). Opisthosoma: generally typical, pleural membrane finely granulated. Tergites and sternites undivided; setae uniseriate and acuminate. Tergal chaetotaxy Ⅰ–XII: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 5: 5–6: 5–6: 4: T2T: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy IV–XII: 12–13: 10: 8–9: 8: 10–11: 10: 9–10: 0: 2. Anterior genital operculum with 10–11 setae, posterior margin with 13–16 marginal setae, 24–26 in total (Fig. 42E). Legs (Fig. 43H–I): generally typical, long and slender. Fine granulation present on anterodorsal faces of femur IV and patella IV. Femur of leg Ⅰ 1.83–1.89 times longer than patella and with one lyrifissure at the base of femur; tarsus 2.24–2.31 times longer than tibia. Femoropatella of leg IV 2.82 times longer than deep; tibia 4.25–4.86 times longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on both tarsal segments: metatarsus 2.83–3.00 times longer than deep (TS = 0.35–0.39), tarsus 9.50 times longer than deep and 2.11–2.24 times longer than metatarsus (TS = 0.32). Arolium slightly shorter than the claws, not divided; claws simple. Dimensions (length/breadth or, in the case of the legs, length/depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Females: body length 1.25–1.47. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.14/0.11 (1.27), femur 0.65–0.67/0.11 (5.91–6.09), patella 0.23–0.25/0.12 (1.92–2.08), chela 0.95–0.97/0.15 (6.33–6.47), hand 0.38/0.15 (2.53), movable chelal finger length 0.57–0.60. Chelicera 0.43/0.20 (2.15), movable finger length 0.23. Carapace 0.40/0.43 (0.93). Leg Ⅰ: trochanter 0.11–0.12/0.10 (1.10–1.20), femur 0.33–0.34/0.06 (5.50–5.67), patella 0.18/0.05–0.06 (3.00–3.60), tibia 0.16–0.17/0.04 (4.00– 4.25), tarsus 0.37–0.38/0.04 (9.25–9.50). Leg IV: trochanter 0.16–0.17/0.11 (1.45–1.55), femoropatella 0.48/0.17 (2.82), tibia 0.34/0.07–0.08 (4.25–4.86), metatarsus 0.17–0.18/0.06 (2.83–3.00), tarsus 0.38/0.04 (9.50). Distribution. Known only from the type locality., Published as part of Hou, Yanmeng, Feng, Zegang & Zhang, Feng, 2023, New cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Guizhou in China, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 5309 (1) on pages 51-55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5309.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8090046

Lagynochthonius guanniuensis sp. nov. (ΪϮṄṁae) Figs 6–9 Type material. Holotype ♀ (Ps.-MHBU-GZXF-20-02-01): China, Guizhou Province, Xifeng County, Wenquan Town, Wenquan Village, Guanniu Cave, under the detritus in the deep zone [27°13'24.00″N, 106°52'18.00″E], 853 m a.s.l., 15 August 2020, Zegang Feng, Hongru Xu & Yanmeng Hou leg. Paratype: 1 ♀ (Ps.-MSWU-GZXF-20-02- 02), with the same data as the holotype. Etymology. Named after the type locality, Guanniu Cave. Diagnosis (♀). Moderately sized troglomorphic species with elongated appendages; carapace without eyes or eyespots; anterior margin of carapace thin, finely denticulated, epistome pointed and small, triangular; posterior margin of carapace with two setae; tergites Ⅰ–IV each with two setae. Pedipalps slender, femur 8.19–8.47 times longer than broad; chela 6.86–7.03 times longer than broad; chelal fingers with intercalary teeth; chelal fingers markedly curved in dorsal view; chemosensory setae (sc) present on dorsum of chelal hand. Description. Females (holotype and paratype), male unknown (Figs 6D, 7–9). Colour: generally pale yellow, chelicerae, pedipalps and tergites slightly darker, soft parts pale. Cephalothorax (Figs 8C, 9A): carapace 0.95–0.97 times longer than broad, gently narrowed posteriorly; surface smooth, without furrows; no traces of eyes; anterior margin slightly serrate; epistome pointed and small, triangular; with 18 setae arranged s4s: 4: 4: 2: 2, most setae heavy, long and gently curved, anterolateral setae much shorter than others; with two pairs of lyrifissures, first pair situated middle to the setae of ocular row, second pair situated lateral to the sole pair of setae of posterior row. Chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, Ⅰ 3, II 4, III 5, IV 5; manducatory process with two acuminate distal setae, anterior seta less than 1/2 length of medial seta; apex of coxa Ⅰ with small, rounded anteromedial process; coxae II with 8–9 terminally indented coxal spines on each side, set as an oblique and arc row, longer spines present in the middle of the row, becoming shorter distally and proximally and incised for about half their length (Fig. 9C); intercoxal tubercle absent; without sub-oral seta. Chelicera (Figs 8D–E, 9B): large, about as long as carapace, 2.48–2.50 times longer than broad; five setae (right chelicera with six setae) and two lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand, all setae acuminate, ventrobasal seta shorter than others; movable finger with one medial seta. Cheliceral palm with moderate hispid granulation on both ventral and dorsal sides. Both fingers well provided with teeth, fixed finger with 11–12 teeth, distal one largest; movable finger with 15–17 retrorse contiguous small teeth; galea absent (Fig. 9B). Serrula exterior with 21–23 blades and serrula interior with 13–14 blades. Rallum with eight blades, the distal one longest and recumbent basally, with fine barbules and slightly set apart from the other blades, latter tightly grouped and with long pinnae, some of which are subdivided (Fig. 9D). Pedipalp (Figs8A–B, G, 9E–G):long and slender, trochanter1.23–1.33, femur 8.19–8.47,patella 2.39–2.52, chela 6.86–7.03, hand 2.57–2.62 times longer than broad; femur 2.47–2.62 times longer than patella; movable chelal finger 1.65–1.67 times longer than hand and 0.62 times longer than chela. Setae generally long and acuminate; one distal lyrifissure present on patella (Figs 8G, 9E). Chelal palm gradually constricted towards fingers, apodeme complex of movable chelal finger strongly sclerotized, with weak granulation dorsally at base of fixed chelal finger. Fixed chelal finger and hand with eight trichobothria, movable chelal finger with four trichobothria, ib and isb situated close together, submedially on dorsum of chelal hand; eb, esb and ist forming an oblique row at base of fixed chelal finger; it slightly distal to est, situated subdistally; et slightly near to tip of fixed chelal finger, very close to chelal teeth; dx situated distal to et; sb situated midway between b and st; b and t situated subdistally, t situated at the same level as it and distal to b; est situated distal to b (Fig. 9F). A tiny retrolateral lyrifissure present at base of fixed chelal finger (situated distal to ist). Both chelal fingers with a row of teeth, heterodentate, spaced regularly along the margin, larger teeth present in the middle of the row, becoming smaller and closer distally and proximally: fixed chelal finger with 33 macrodenticles, slightly retrorse and pointed, plus 25– 27 intercalary microdenticles, 58–60 in total; movable chelal finger with 29 macrodenticles (slightly smaller than teeth on fixed chelal finger), slightly retrorse and pointed, plus 25 intercalary microdenticles and 6–7 vestigial, rounded and contiguous basal teeth, 60–61 in total (Fig. 9F). Chelal fingers markedly curved in dorsal view; microsetae (chemosensory setae) present on dorsum of chelal hand (Figs 8B, 9G). Opisthosoma: generally typical, pleural membrane finely granulated. Tergites and sternites undivided; setae uniseriate and acuminate. Tergal chaetotaxy Ⅰ–XII: 2: 2: 2: 2: 4: 4: 4: 4: 5: 2: T2T: 0, tergite IX with an unpaired median seta. Sternal chaetotaxy IV–XII: 11–14: 8–9: 7: 7: 7–8: 7: 7: 0: 2. Anterior genital operculum with 10–11 setae, posterior margin with 12–13 marginal setae, 23 in total (Fig. 8F). Legs (Fig. 9H–I): generally typical, long and slender. Fine granulation present on anterodorsal faces of femur Ⅰ, IV and patella IV. Femur of leg Ⅰ 1.91–1.95 times longer than patella and with one lyrifissure at the base of femur; tarsus 2.50–2.54 times longer than tibia. Femoropatella of leg IV 4.32–4.76 times longer than deep; tibia 6.18–7.00 times longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on both tarsal segments: metatarsus 4.22–4.63 times longer than deep (TS = 0.26–0.27), tarsus 14.57–15.67 times longer than deep and 2.54–2.68 times longer than metatarsus (TS = 0.30–0.31). Arolium slightly shorter than the claws, not divided; claws simple. Dimensions (length/breadth or, in the case of the legs, length/depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Females: body length 2.20–2.55. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.27–0.28/0.21–0.22 (1.23–1.33), femur 1.31–1.44/0.16–0.17 (8.19– 8.47), patella 0.53–0.55/0.21–0.23 (2.39–2.52), chela 1.92–2.04/0.28–0.29 (6.86–7.03), hand 0.72–0.76/0.28–0.29 (2.57–2.62), movable chelal finger length 1.19–1.27. Chelicera 0.75–0.77/0.30–0.31 (2.48–2.50), movable finger length 0.40. Carapace 0.63–0.67/0.66–0.69 (0.95–0.97). Leg Ⅰ: trochanter 0.19–0.22/0.17 (1.12–1.29), femur 0.78–0.86/0.09–0.10 (8.60–8.67), patella 0.40–0.45/0.08–0.09 (5.00), tibia 0.32–0.35/0.06–0.07 (5.00–5.33), tarsus 0.80–0.89/0.06–0.07 (12.17–13.33). Leg IV: trochanter 0.30–0.31/0.17 (1.72–1.82), femoropatella 1.08–1.19/0.25 (4.32–4.76), tibia 0.68–0.77/0.11 (6.18–7.00), metatarsus 0.37–0.38/0.08–0.09 (4.22–4.63), tarsus 0.94–1.02/0.06– 0.07 (14.57–15.67). Distribution. Known only from the type locality., Published as part of Hou, Yanmeng, Feng, Zegang & Zhang, Feng, 2023, New cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Guizhou in China, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 5309 (1) on pages 11-16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5309.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8090046

Lagynochthonius biyunensis sp. nov. (ỠỄṄṁae) Figs 2–5 Type material. Holotype ♂ (Ps.- MHBU-GZC190805-01): China, Guizhou Province, Panzhou City, Chengguan Town, Nanmen Village, Biyun Park, Biyun Cave, under the detritus and on the walls in the deep zone [25°46′18.91″N, 104°38′24.0″E], 1496 m a.s.l., 5 August 2019, Zegang Feng, Zhaoyi Li & Chen Zhang leg. Paratypes: 4 ♂ (Ps.- MHBU-HBUARA#2022-498 - 01 –HBUARA#2022-498-04), 2 ♀ (Ps.- MSWU-HBUARA#2022-498 - 05 & HBUARA#2022-498-06), with the same location as the holotype, 2 August 2022, Yanmeng Hou, Lu Zhang, Jianzhou Sun & Wenlong Fan leg. Etymology. Named after the type locality, Biyun Cave. Diagnosis (♂ ♀). Moderately sized troglomorphic species with elongated appendages; carapace without eyes or eyespots; anterior margin of carapace thin, finely denticulated, epistome small, pointed, triangular; posterior margin of carapace with two setae; tergites Ⅰ– Ⅴ each with four setae. Pedipalps slender, femur 8.06 (♂), 7.82–7.89 (♀) times longer than broad; chela 6.85–7.08 (♂), 7.27–7.43 (♀) times longer than broad; chelal fingers without intercalary teeth; chemosensory setae (sc) present on dorsum of chelal hand. Description. Males (holotype and paratypes) (Figs 2F, 3A, 4A–F, 5). Colour: generally pale yellow, chelicerae, pedipalps and tergites slightly darker, soft parts pale. Cephalothorax (Figs 4C, 5A): carapace 1.00 times longer than broad, gently narrowed posteriorly; surface smooth, without furrows; no traces of eyes; anterior margin slightly serrate; epistome pointed and small, triangular; with 18 setae arranged s4s: 4: 4: 2: 2, most setae heavy, long and gently curved, anterolateral setae much shorter than others; with two pairs of lyrifissures, first pair situated middle to setae of ocular row, second pair situated lateral to the sole pair of setae of posterior row. Chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, Ⅰ 3, II 4, III 5, IV 5; manducatory process with two acuminate distal setae, anterior seta less than 1/2 length of medial seta; apex of coxa Ⅰ with small, rounded anteromedial process; coxae II with ten terminally indented coxal spines on each side, set as an oblique row, longer spines present in the middle of the row, becoming shorter distally and proximally and incised for about half their length (Fig. 5C); intercoxal tubercle absent; without sub-oral seta. Chelicera (Figs 4D, 5B): large, about as long as carapace, 2.40–2.47 times longer than broad; five setae and two lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand, all setae acuminate, ventrobasal seta shorter than others; movable finger with one medial seta. Cheliceral palm with moderate hispid granulation on both ventral and dorsal sides. Both fingers well provided with teeth, fixed finger with 15–17 teeth, distal one largest; movable finger with 21–22 retrorse contiguous small teeth; galea absent (Fig. 5B). Serrula exterior with 22–23 blades and serrula interior with 14–15 blades. Rallum with nine blades, the distal one longest and recumbent basally, with fine barbules and slightly set apart from the other blades, latter tightly grouped and with long pinnae, some of which are subdivided (Fig. 5D). Pedipalp (Figs 4A–B, E, 5E–G): long and slender, trochanter 1.20–1.26, femur 8.06, patella 2.35, chela 6.85– 7.08, hand 2.70–2.81 times longer than broad; femur 2.74 times longer than patella; movable chelal finger 1.49–1.52 times longer than hand and 0.59–0.60 times longer than chela. Setae generally long and acuminate; one distal lyrifissure present on patella (Figs 4E, 5E). Chelal palm gradually constricted towards fingers, apodeme complex of movable chelal finger strongly sclerotized, with weak granulation dorsally at base of fixed chelal finger and hand. Fixed chelal finger and hand with eight trichobothria, movable chelal finger with four trichobothria, ib and isb situated close together, submedially on dorsum of chelal hand; eb, esb and ist forming a straight oblique row at base of fixed chelal finger; it slightly distal to est, situated subdistally; et slightly near to tip of fixed chelal finger, very close to chelal teeth; dx situated distal to et; sb situated midway between b and st; b and t situated subdistally, t situated distal to it; est situated distal to b (Fig. 5F). A tiny retrolateral lyrifissure present at base of fixed chelal finger (situated distal to ist). Both chelal fingers with a row of teeth, homodentate, spaced regularly along the margin, larger and well-spaced teeth present in the middle of the row, becoming smaller and closer distally and proximally: fixed chelal finger with 29–30 macrodenticles, slightly retrorse and pointed; movable chelal finger with 27–29 macrodenticles (slightly smaller than teeth on fixed chelal finger), slightly retrorse and pointed (Fig. 5F). Chelal fingers slightly curved in dorsal view; microsetae (chemosensory setae) present on dorsum of chelal hand (Figs 4B, 5G). Opisthosoma: generally typical, pleural membrane finely granulated. Tergites and sternites undivided; setae uniseriate and acuminate. Tergal chaetotaxy Ⅰ–XII: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4–5: 4: 4–5: 4–5: 4: T2T: 0, tergites VIII–IX each with an unpaired median seta. Sternal chaetotaxy III–XII: 13–14: 12–14: 9: 9: 8–9: 9: 9: 9: 0: 2. Anterior genital operculum with ten setae, genital opening slit-like, with 11–13 marginal setae on each side, 34 in total (Fig. 4F). Legs (Fig. 5H–I): generally typical, long and slender. Fine granulation present on anterodorsal faces of trochanter IV, femur Ⅰ, IV and patella IV. Femur of leg Ⅰ 1.79–1.86 times longer than patella and with one lyrifissure at the base of femur; tarsus 2.38–2.47 times longer than tibia. Femoropatella of leg IV 4.33–4.38 times longer than deep; tibia 6.55–6.64 times longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on both tarsal segments: metatarsus 3.78–4.00 times longer than deep (TS = 0.32–0.34), tarsus 14.50–14.83 times longer than deep and 2.62–2.72 times longer than metatarsus (TS = 0.27–0.33). Arolium slightly shorter than the claws, not divided; claws simple. Adult females (paratypes) (Figs 3B, 4G). Mostly same as males, but a little larger; chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, Ⅰ 3, II 3–4, III 5, IV 5; tergal chaetotaxy Ⅰ–XII: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: T2T: 0; sternal chaetotaxy IV–XII: 12–13: 10: 9: 9: 9: 9: 9: 0: 2; anterior genital operculum with ten setae, posterior margin with 12–14 marginal setae, 22–24 in total; leg IV with a long tactile seta on both tarsal segments: metatarsus 4.00–4.63 times longer than deep (TS = 0.32– 0.34), tarsus 14.17–16.17 times longer than deep and 2.62–2.66 times longer than metatarsus (TS = 0.22–0.28). Dimensions (length/breadth or, in the case of the legs, length/depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Males: body length 2.02–2.10. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.24/0.19–0.20 (1.20–1.26), femur 1.29/0.16 (8.06), patella 0.47/0.20 (2.35), chela 1.84–1.85/0.26–0.27 (6.85–7.08), hand 0.73/0.26–0.27 (2.70–2.81), movable chelal finger length 1.09–1.11. Chelicera 0.72–0.74/0.30 (2.40–2.47), movable finger length 0.39–0.40. Carapace 0.60/0.60 (1.00). Leg Ⅰ: trochanter 0.19/0.16 (1.19), femur 0.69–0.70/0.09 (7.67–7.78), patella 0.37–0.39/0.08 (4.63–4.88), tibia 0.32/0.06 (5.33), tarsus 0.76–0.79/0.05–0.06 (13.17–15.20). Leg IV: trochanter 0.27–0.29/0.16 (1.69–1.81), femoropatella 1.04–1.05/0.24 (4.33–4.38), tibia 0.72–0.73/0.11 (6.55–6.64), metatarsus 0.32–0.34/0.08–0.09 (3.78–4.00), tarsus 0.87–0.89/0.06 (14.50–14.83). Females: body length 2.19–2.27. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.24–0.27/0.20–0.21 (1.20–1.29), femur 1.33– 1.42/0.17–0.18 (7.82–7.89), patella 0.46–0.51/0.20–0.22 (2.30–2.32), chela 1.89–2.08/0.26–0.28 (7.27–7.43), hand 0.75–0.82/0.26–0.28 (2.88–2.93), movable chelal finger length 1.13–1.24. Chelicera 0.76–0.83/0.33–0.34 (2.30– 2.44), movable finger length 0.41–0.45. Carapace 0.64/0.64–0.72 (0.89–1.00). Leg Ⅰ: trochanter 0.18–0.19/0.16 (1.13–1.19), femur 0.69–0.80/0.09 (7.67–8.89), patella 0.39–0.43/0.08 (4.88–5.38), tibia 0.32–0.36/0.06–0.07 (5.14–5.33), tarsus 0.79–0.86/0.06 (13.17–14.33). Leg IV: trochanter 0.28–0.30/0.16 (1.75–1.88), femoropatella 1.03–1.11/0.23–0.24 (4.48–4.63), tibia 0.69–0.75/0.11–0.12 (6.25–6.27), metatarsus 0.32–0.37/0.08 (4.00–4.63), tarsus 0.85–0.97/0.06 (14.17–16.17). Distribution. Known only from the type locality.

Lagynochthonius zhijinensis sp. nov. (ṂĤṄṁae) Figs 44–47 Type material. Holotype ♀ (Ps.-MHBU-GZZJ-19-04-01): China, Guizhou Province, Zhijin County, Chengguan Town, Yangliu Village, Long Cave, under stones in the deep zone [26°40′45.63″N, 105°47′16.30″E], 1345 m a.s.l., 2 October 2019, Zegang Feng & Lingchen Zhao leg. Paratype: 1 ♀ (Ps.-MSWU-GZZJ-19-04-02), with the same data as the holotype. Etymology. Named after the Zhijin County, near the type locality. Diagnosis (♀). Moderately sized troglomorphic species with elongated appendages; carapace without eyes or eyespots; anterior margin of carapace thin, finely denticulated, epistome pointed and small, triangular; posterior margin of carapace with two setae; tergites II–III each with two setae, tergites IV–VII each with four setae. Pedipalps slender, femur 8.47–8.53 times longer than broad; chela 7.46–7.71 times longer than broad; only fixed chelal finger with intercalary teeth and a modified accessory tooth (td) on retrolateral face; chelal fingers slightly curved in dorsal view; chemosensory setae (sc) present on dorsum of chelal hand. Description. Females (holotype and paratype), male unknown (Figs 45–47). Colour: generally pale yellow, chelicerae, pedipalps and tergites slightly darker, soft parts pale. Cephalothorax (Figs 46C, 47A): carapace 0.93–0.98 times longer than broad, gently narrowed posteriorly; surface smooth, without furrows; no traces of eyes; anterior margin slightly serrate; epistome pointed and small, triangular; with 18 setae arranged s4s: 4: 4: 2: 2, most setae heavy, long and gently curved, anterolateral setae much shorter than others; with two pairs of lyrifissures, first pair situated middle to the setae of ocular row, second pair situated lateral to the sole pair of setae of posterior row. Chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, Ⅰ 3, II 4, III 5, IV 5–6; manducatory process with two acuminate distal setae, anterior seta less than 1/2 length of medial seta; apex of coxa Ⅰ with small, rounded anteromedial process; coxae II with 11–12 terminally indented coxal spines on each side, set as an oblique and arc row, longer spines present in the middle of the row, becoming shorter distally and proximally and incised for about half their length (Fig. 47C); intercoxal tubercle absent; without sub-oral seta. Chelicera (Figs 46D, 47B): large, about as long as carapace, 2.29–2.31 times longer than broad; five setae and two lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand, all setae acuminate, ventrobasal seta shorter than others; movable finger with one medial seta. Cheliceral palm with moderate hispid granulation on both ventral and dorsal sides. Both fingers well provided with teeth, fixed finger with 20–24 teeth, distal one largest; movable finger with 18–19 retrorse contiguous small teeth; galea absent (Fig. 47B). Serrula exterior with 20–21 blades and serrula interior with 13–15 blades. Rallum with seven blades, the distal one longest and recumbent basally, with fine barbules and slightly set apart from the other blades, latter tightly grouped and with long pinnae, some of which are subdivided (Fig. 47D). Pedipalp (Figs 46A–B, F, 47E–G): long and slender, trochanter 1.25–1.32, femur 8.47–8.53, patella 2.21–2.37, chela 7.46–7.71, hand 3.04–3.17 times longer than broad; femur 2.84–3.02 times longer than patella; movable chelal finger 1.42–1.45 times longer than hand and 0.58–0.59 times longer than chela. Setae generally long and acuminate; one distal lyrifissure present on patella (Figs 46F, 47E). Chelal palm gradually constricted towards fingers, apodeme complex of movable chelal finger strongly sclerotized, with weak granulation dorsally at base of fixed chelal finger. Fixed chelal finger and hand with eight trichobothria, movable chelal finger with four trichobothria, ib and isb situated close together, submedially on dorsum of chelal hand; eb, esb and ist forming a straight oblique row at base of fixed chelal finger; it slightly distal to est, situated subdistally; et slightly near to tip of fixed chelal finger, very close to chelal teeth; dx situated distal to et; sb situated midway between b and st; b and t situated subdistally and situated at the same level as est and it, respectively (Fig. 47F). A tiny retrolateral lyrifissure present at base of fixed chelal finger (situated distal to ist). Both chelal fingers with a row of teeth, heterodentate, spaced regularly along the margin, larger teeth present in the middle of the row, becoming smaller and closer distally and proximally: fixed chelal finger with 23 macrodenticles, slightly retrorse and pointed, plus 11– 12 intercalary microdenticles, 34–35 in total; movable chelal finger with 21–22 macrodenticles (slightly smaller than teeth on fixed chelal finger), slightly retrorse and pointed, plus 7–8 vestigial, rounded and contiguous basal teeth, 28–30 in total (Fig. 47F). Chelal fingers slightly curved in dorsal view; microsetae (chemosensory setae) present on dorsum of chelal hand (Figs 46B, 47G). Opisthosoma: generally typical, pleural membrane finely granulated. Tergites and sternites undivided; setae uniseriate and acuminate. Tergal chaetotaxy Ⅰ–XII: 2–3: 2: 2: 4: 4: 4: 4: 5: 5: 2: T2T: 0, tergites VIII and IX each with an unpaired median seta. Sternal chaetotaxy IV–XII: 13: 9: 9–10: 8–9: 9: 9: 7–8: 0: 2. Anterior genital operculum with 9–10 setae, posterior margin with 12–14 marginal setae, 21–24 in total (Fig. 46E). Legs (Fig. 47H–I): generally typical, long and slender. Fine granulation present on anterodorsal faces of femur IV and patella IV. Femur of leg Ⅰ 1.76–1.79 times longer than patella and with one lyrifissure at the base of femur; tarsus 2.48–2.56 times longer than tibia. Femoropatella of leg IV 4.12–4.13 times longer than deep; tibia 6.27–6.36 times longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on both tarsal segments: metatarsus 3.56 times longer than deep (TS = 0.28–0.34), tarsus 14.17–14.33 times longer than deep and 2.66–2.69 times longer than metatarsus (TS = 0.31–0.34). Arolium slightly shorter than the claws, not divided; claws simple. Dimensions (length/breadth or, in the case of the legs, length/depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Females: body length 2.17–2.36. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.25/0.19–0.20 (1.25–1.32), femur 1.27–1.28/0.15 (8.47–8.53), patella 0.42–0.45/0.19 (2.21–2.37), chela 1.79–1.85/0.24 (7.46–7.71), hand 0.73–0.76/0.24 (3.04–3.17), movable chelal finger length 1.06–1.08. Chelicera 0.71–0.74/0.31–0.32 (2.29–2.31), movable finger length 0.37–0.38. Carapace 0.62–0.65/0.66–0.67 (0.93–0.98). Leg Ⅰ: trochanter 0.19–0.21/0.16 (1.19–1.31), femur 0.70–0.72/0.09 (7.78–8.00), patella 0.39–0.41/0.08–0.09 (4.56–4.88), tibia 0.31–0.32/0.06 (5.17–5.33), tarsus 0.77–0.82/0.06–0.07 (11.71– 12.83). Leg IV: trochanter 0.28–0.29/0.16–0.18 (1.61–1.75), femoropatella 0.99–1.03/0.24–0.25 (4.12–4.13), tibia 0.69–0.70/0.11 (6.27–6.36), metatarsus 0.32/0.09 (3.56), tarsus 0.85–0.86/0.06 (14.17–14.33). Distribution. Known only from the type locality. Key to the species of Lagynochthonius from China 1 Carapace without antero-median setae; trichobothrium sb closer to b than to st..................................... 2 - Carapace with antero-median setae; trichobothrium sb closer to st than to b or midway between st and b................ 3 2 Chela 7.03 (♂) times as long as broad (length 2.04 mm); epistome pointed and small, triangular............................................................................................ L. xinjiaoensis Hou, Gao & Zhang, 2022 - Chela 6.44–6.46 (♂), 5.87–6.04 (♀) times as long as broad (length 1.55–1.61 (♂), 1.69–1.76 (♀) mm); epistome small and obtuse, rounded..................................................... L. magnidentatus Hou, Gao & Zhang, 2022 3 Carapace without eyes or eyespots........................................................................ 4 - Carapace with eyes or eyespots......................................................................... 13 4 At least one chela finger with intercalary teeth.............................................................. 5 - Both chelal fingers without intercalary teeth............................................................... 21 5 Only fixed chelal finger with intercalary teeth............................................................... 6 - Both chelal fingers with intercalary teeth................................................................... 8 6 Trichobothrium sb closer to st than to b; tergite Ⅹ with four setae............................................... 7 - Trichobothrium sb situated midway between st and b; tergite Ⅹ with two setae..................... L. zhijinensis sp. nov. 7 The intercalary teeth round and obtuse; the teeth on movable chelal fingers retrorse and contiguous; chela length 1.57–1.61 (♂), 1.64–1.69 (♀) mm; movable chelal finger length 0.93–0.96 (♂), 0.99–1.01 (♀) mm.... L. retrorsus Hou, Gao & Zhang, 2022 - The intercalary teeth small and pointed; the teeth on movable chelal fingers pointed and well-spaced; chela length 2.07–2.16 (♂), 2.06–2.19 (♀) mm; movable chelal finger length 1.24–1.25 (♂), 1.20–1.26 (♀) mm.................................................................................................. L. spinulentus Hou, Gao & Zhang, 2022 8 Tergites II–III and Ⅹ each with four setae.................................................................. 9 - Tergites II–III and Ⅹ each with two setae.................................................................. 10 9 Trichobothrium sb closer to st than to b; body length 1.42 (♂), 1.59 (♀) mm; chela 6.65 (♂), 6.63 (♀) times as long as broad (length 1.33 (♂), 1.26 (♀) mm); palpal femur 7.15 (♂), 7.42 (♀) times as long as broad (length 0.93 (♂), 0.89 (♀) mm); coxae II with seven terminally indented coxal spines on each side................................. L. longedentatus sp. nov. - Trichobothrium sb situated midway between st and b; body length 1.63 (♂), 1.81–2.20 (♀) mm; chela 8.76 (♂), 8.30–8.32 (♀) times as long as broad (length 1.84 (♂), 1.83–1.91 (♀) mm); palpal femur 10.46 (♂), 10.07–10.38 (♀) times as long as broad (length 1.36 (♂), 1.35–1.41 (♀) mm); coxae II with 9–11 terminally indented coxal spines on each side.................................................................................. L. yaowangguensis Hou, Gao & Zhang, 2022 10 Chelal fingers straight or slightly curved in dorsal view; fixed chelal finger with max. 47 teeth, movable chelal finger with max. 42 teeth............................................................................................ 11 - Chelal fingers markedly curved in dorsal view; fixed chelal finger with 58–60 teeth, movable chelal finger with 60–61 teeth.................................................................................. L. guanniuensis sp. nov. 11 Palpal femur 8.07–8.93 (♂) times as long as broad (length 1.21–1.25 mm), chela length 1.68–1.76 (♂) mm; trichobothrium sb closer to st than to b.................................................................................. 12 - Palpal femur 7.57–7.64 (♂) times as long as broad (length 1.06–1.07 mm), chela length 1.53–1.54 (♂) mm; trichobothrium sb situated midway between st and b.............................................. L. fengi Hou, Gao & Zhang, 2022 12 Carapace markedly narrowed posteriorly; chela 8.38–8.84 (♂) times as long as broad, hand 3.38–3.58 (♂) times longer than broad; proximal half of movable chelal finger without vestigial teeth; trichobothrium sb of movable chelal finger 1.22–1.24 times as far from st as from b............................................... L. serratus Hou, Gao & Zhang, 2022 - Carapace gently narrowed posteriorly; chela 7.00 (♂) times as long as broad, hand 2.92 (♂) times longer than broad; proximal half of movable chelal finger with six vestigial teeth; trichobothrium sb of movable chelal finger 1.67 times as far from st as from b............................................................... L. xiaolinensis Hou, Gao & Zhang, 2022 13 Troglomorphic species with a larger body size and elongate appendages: body length not less than 1.71 (♂, ♀) mm, chela length not less than 1.32 (♂, ♀) mm; without corneate eyes, only anterior pair of eyespots present.......................... 14 - Epigean species with smaller body size and without elongate appendages: body length not more than 1.60 (♂, ♀) mm, chela length not more than 1.00 (♂, ♀) mm; with corneate eyes, anterior pair of eyes well developed....................... 15 14 Chela 7.00–7.14 (♂), 6.40–6.46 (♀) times as long as broad (length 1.54–1.57 (♂), 1.55–1.60 (♀) mm); palpal femur 8.21–8.50 (♂), 7.50–7.87 (♀) times as long as broad (length 1.15–1.19 (♂), 1.18–1.20 (♀) mm); coxae II with 8–9 terminally indented coxal spines on each side................................................... L. crassus Hou, Gao & Zhang, 2022 - Chela 7.33–7.67 (♂), 6.71–6.82 (♀) times as long as broad (length 1.32–1.38 (♂), 1.41–1.50 (♀) mm); palpal femur 6.92–7.23 (♂), 6.80–7.29 (♀) times as long as broad (length 0.90–0.94 (♂), 1.02 (♀) mm); coxae II with 9–11 terminally indented coxal spines on each side.................................................................... L. latipectus sp. nov. 15 Two corneate eyes, posterior pair of eyes reduced to eyespots; tergites Ⅰ and II each with four setae................... 16 - Four corneate eyes, posterior pair of eyes well developed; tergites Ⅰ and II each with two setae................................................................................................... L. medog Zhang & Zhang, 2014 16 Carapace without epistome or with extremely indistinct epistome.............................................. 17 - Carapace with a distinct triangular epistome........................................... L. niger Hu & Zhang, 2012 17 At least one finger of chela with intercalary teeth........................................................... 18 - Both chelal fingers without intercalary teeth............................................................... 19 18 Only fixed chelal finger with intercalary teeth........................................ L. harveyi Hu & Zhang, 2014 - Both chelal fingers with intercalary teeth.............................................. L. tonkinensis (Beier, 1951) 19 Movable chelal finger more than 1.20 (♂, ♀) times longer than hand; proximal half of movable finger with rounded vestigial teeth.............................................................................................. 20 - Movable chelal finger 1.03 (♂) times, 0.97–1.00 (♀) times longer than hand; proximal half of movable chelal finger without vestigial teeth........................................................ L. brachydigitatus Zhang & Zhang, 2014 20 Chelal hand 2.50–2.87 (♂) times, 2.39–2.75 (♀) as long as broad; trichobothrium sb of movable chelal finger two times as far from st as from b; tergites Ⅰ–VII with four setae................................... L. leptopalpus Hu & Zhang, 2012 - Chelal hand 2.00 (♂) times as long as broad; trichobothrium sb of movable chelal finger 1.5 times as far from st as from b; only the tergites Ⅰ–II with four setae......................................................... L. sinensis (Beier, 1967) 21 Tergites Ⅰ–II each with two setae........................................................................ 22 - Tergites Ⅰ–II each with three or four setae................................................................. 25 22 Carapace with a round and obtuse epistome; body length max. 1.83 mm, chelal length max. 1.11 mm.................. 23 - Carapace with a distinct triangular epistome; body length min. 1.85 mm, chelal length min. 1.51 mm.................. 24 23 Palpal femur 6.45–6.80 (♀) times as long as broad; chelal finger 1.48–1.50 (♀) times longer than hand; tergite Ⅴ with 5–6 setae; anterior genital operculum with 12 setae; trichobothrium ist situated distal to st................... L. tuoluoensis sp. nov. - Palpal femur 5.43–5.75 (♀) times as long as broad; chelal finger 1.55–1.56 (♀) times longer than hand; tergite Ⅴ with four setae; anterior genital operculum with ten setae; trichobothrium ist situated proximal st.............. L. maanensis sp. nov . 24 Tergite Ⅹ with two setae; body length min. 2.00 (♂), 2.17 (♀) mm, chelal length min. 1.79 (♂), 1.84 (♀) mm, palpal femur min. 1.25 (♂), 1.30 (♀) mm; coxae II with 13–15 terminally indented coxal spines on each side........... L. nigriculus sp. nov. - Tergite Ⅹ with four setae; body length max. 1.78 (♂), 2.05 (♀) mm, chelal length max. 1.62 (♂), 1.66 (♀) mm, palpal femur max. 1.11 (♂), 1.17 (♀) mm; coxae II with nine terminally indented coxal spines on each side.......................................................................................... L. laoxueyanensis Hou, Gao & Zhang, 2022 25 Carapace with a distinct triangular epistome............................................................... 26 - Carapace with a round and obtuse epistome............................................................... 27 26 Chelal finger 1.51 (♀) times longer than hand; trichobothrium sb situated mid

Hou, Yanmeng, Feng, Zegang, Zhang, Feng (2023): New cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Guizhou in China. Zootaxa 5309 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5309.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5309.1.1

A new species of pseudoscorpions, Neobisium (Neobisium) adjaricumsp. nov., is described and diagnosed. It was collected in the Sphagnum habitats of Ispani lowland mires in Transcaucasia (Republic of Adjara, Georgia). The habitat of N. (N.) adjaricumsp. nov. is described. The holotype of N. (N.) vilcekii Krumpál, 1983, a species most similar morphologically to N. (N.) adjaricumsp. nov., known from the North Caucasus (Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, Russia), is redescribed. Diagnostic characters of the relative Caucasian species of the subgenus Neobisium Chamberlin, 1930 are analysed.

Key to Geogarypus Chamberlin, 1930 species reported from Brazil 1 Chela of the pedipalp with eight trichobothria; trichobothrium isb present........................................ (2 ) - Chela of the pedipalp with seven trichobothria; trichobothrium isb absent; femur pedipalpal 3.5× (male, 3.5×); patella 2.3× (male, 2.2×); leg I and IV diplotarsate....................................................... G. gollumi sp. nov. 2 Femur of pedipalp more than 3.0× as long as wide, chela of pedipalp 1.6–3.2×; movable finger more than 40–48 teeth, fixed finger with 27–32 teeth............................................................................... (3) - Femur of pedipalp 3.0× longer than wide; pedipalp chela 1.8× (see Mello-Leit„o, 1937; fig.1); movable finger with 38 teeth, fixed finger with 32 teeth........................................................... G. formosus Mello-Leit „o 3 Femur of pedipalp 3.1–3.5× as long as wide; patella 2.1–2.4× longer than wide; fingers 1.1–1.2× longer than hand with pedicel............................................................................................. (4) - Femur of pedipalp more than 3.5× as long as wide; patella thinner, 2.4× longer than wide (see Balzan, 1890; fig. 22); finger shorter (0.54 mm) than the hand with pedicel (0.57 mm) and longer than the chela (0.49 mm)...................................................................................................... G. cuyabanus (Balzan, 1887) 4 Femur of the pedipalp 3.0–3.3×, patella 2.4–2.5× as long as wide (see Mahnert, 1979; fig. 87); fingers (0.47–0.48 (0.49–0.55)) longer than hand (0.40–0.42 (0.45–0.49)) with pedicel; fixed finger with 41–48 teeth (distal 1–2 small, half teeth arranged in two rows), movable finger with 27–31 teeth (distal half only pointed) (see Mahnert, 1979; fig. 88b)...................................................................................................... G. amazonicus Mahnert - Femur of pedipalp 3.2×, patella 2.3× as long as wide (see Beier, 1932a; fig. 258); chela finger (0.52 mm) as long as hand (0.49) with pedicel; fixed finger with about 27 teeth, movable finger with 22 teeth (more or less clearly pointed on the base)....................................................................................... G. paraguayanus Beier, Published as part of Bedoya-Roqueme, Edwin, Tizo-Pedroso, Everton, Barbier, Eder & Lira, André Felipe De Araújo, 2023, Two new cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion species (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) from Northeastern Brazil, pp. 317-332 in Zootaxa 5293 (2) on page 325, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7960232, {"references":["Balzan, L. (1890). Revisione dei Pseudoscorpioni del Bacino dei Fiumi Parana e Paraguay nell'America meridionale. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 9 (2 a), 401 - 454.","Mahnert, V. (1979) Pseudoskorpione (Arachnida) aus dem Amazonas-Gebiet (Brasilien). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 86, 719 - 810. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 82338","Beier, M. (1932 a) Pseudoscorpionidea I. Subord. Chthoniinea et Neobisiinea. Tierreich, 57, i - xx + 1 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783111435107.1"]}

Geogarypus gollumi n. sp. Figs. 1 – 2, 5 – 14 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3ee4f2bc-5242-443d-9f2c-69baa621e93e Material examined. Female holotype: Pernambuco, Brazil: Meu Rei cave, 08°29’14.1”S, 37°16’48.8”W, 777 m a.s.l., 19-I-2016, Catimbau National Park, E. Barbier leg. (LECA; Ps-013). Paratypes: Brazil: 1 male, Pernambuco, Meu Rei cave, 08°29’14.1”S, 37°16’48.8”W, 777 m a.s.l., 19-I-2016, Catimbau National Park, E. Barbier leg. (LECA; Ps-014); 1 female, Pernambuco, Meu Rei cave, 08°29’14.1”S, 37°16’48.8”W, 777 m a.s.l., 19-I-2016, Catimbau National Park, E. Barbier leg. (LECA; Ps-015). Diagnosis. Geogarypus gollumi sp. nov. differs from the other species of the genus Geogarypus Chamberlin, 1930 by the trichobothrium ib basal to est, and is not distal to esb. Fixed finger chelal with 26 teeth and four larger teeth (male, with 20 teeth and four larger teeth), movable finger with 11 cusp-shaped teeth (male, with 10 cusp-shaped teeth), and the remaining teeth, basal and flattened; female, femur pedipalpal 3.5× (male, 3.5×); patella 2.3× (male, 2.2×); leg I and IV diplotarsate. Adults. Both females and males. Carapace and pedipalps dark brown, granulated. Carapace with a pale-yellow median zone, a dark brown longitudinal stripe, which extends from the posterior furrow to the posterior margin. Tergites with several dark brown zones on lateral margins, and the center of each. All legs light yellow. All setae short pin-shaped (Figs. 1 – 2). Chelicera (female and male), with five setae on hand, all setae acuminate, ls shorter, fixed finger with one apical tooth, followed by one small tooth, two larger teeth, and two small teeth (Fig. 6). Galea of female slender with nine small branches (Fig. 7), male galea is less slender than the female and simple. Rallum with a long and simple blade (Fig. 8); serrula exterior with 15 blades. Pedipalps slender, densely granulated, partially irregular, all setae short pin-shaped (Figs. 9 – 10). Femur 3.5× (male 3.4×), only slightly curved, with a distinct pedicel; patella 2.3× (male 2.2×). Chela with rounded hand, fingers only slightly curved, chela with pedicel 3.6× (male 3.5×), chela without pedicel 3.4× (male 3.3×) longer than broad, fixed finger chelal with seven trichobothria, isb absent, trichobothrium ib basal to est, and is not distal to esb, and movable finger with four trichobothria (Fig. 11). Fixed finger with 26 teeth and four larger teeth (male, with 20 teeth and four larger teeth), movable finger with 11 cusp-shaped teeth (male, with 10 cusp-shaped teeth), and the remaining teeth, basal and flattened (Fig. 11). Nodus ramosus at the level of st in the movable finger, and distal of ist in the fixed finger; well-developed venom apparatus on both fingers of the chela. Carapace lateral margin strongly granulated, with two pairs of horned eyes, with 21 short pin-shaped setae (male, with 23 short pin-shaped setae), four setae on anterior margin, and 12 setae on margin posterior (Fig. 5). Cucullus furrow long, extending to about the level of the first pairs of eyes (Fig. 5); median transverse furrow well defined, and posterior very conspicuous (Fig. 5). Region coxal, pedipalpal coxa sparsely granulated, approx. 36 setae, coxa I with 18 setae, Coxa II 22, coxa III 32, coxa IV approx. 38. Opisthosoma, tergites granulated. All setae pin-shaped, being longer than the setae of the carapace; and pleural membrane strongly striated; Tergal chaetotaxy of the female holotype, tergites I–XII: 16: 16: 14: 14: 12: 16: 14: 12: 12: 12: 10: 2, female paratype, tergites I–XII: 16: 16: 16: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 12: 12: 10: 2, male paratype tergites I–XII: 18: 18: 18: 16: 16: 16: 14: 14: 12: 12: 10: 2. Sternites, scarcely granulated, Sternal chaetotaxy of holotype female, sternites II–XII: 8: (2)6(2): (2)16(2): 16: 16: 16: 16: 16: 14: 12: 2, female paratype, sternites II–XII: 8: (2)6(2): (2)16(2): 16: 16: 16: 14: 14: 14: 12: 2, male paratype, sternites II–XII: 6: (2)9(2): (2)16(2): 16: 16: 16: 16: 16: 14: 12: 2. The genital region of the female holotype with four short setae on each side of the anterior operculum (Fig. 12), the posterior operculum with six setae (Fig. 12). Region genital of the male paratype with six setae on the anterior operculum, with lateral sacs thick and strongly pleated, and nine setae on the posterior operculum. Legs: all legs light-yellow (Figs. 1 – 2), femur 3.9× (male 3.6×), patella 2.3× (male 2.4×), tibia 2.7× (male 2.5×), Metatarsus 2.8× (male 2.5×), tarsus 3.0× (male 3.1×) (Fig. 13). Leg IV: femur+patella 5.2× (male 5.0×), tibia 3.8× (male 4.2×), metatarsus 2.8× (male 2.7×), tarsus 3.8× (male 3.7×), all setae pin-shaped, tarsus without a seta tactile, subterminal setae acuminate, undivided arolium longer than simple claws. Measurements (mm): Female holotype (Paratype in parentheses): body length 1.912 (2.125); carapace 0.581 / 0.473 (0.593 / 0.476); cucullus length 0.168(0.171).Chelicerae 0.221 / 0.126 (0.254 / 0.139);movable finger0.165 (0.178). Pedipalps trochanter: 0.221 / 0.154 (0.224 / 0.158); femur: 0.537 / 0.154; patella 0.354 / 0.159 (0.358 / 0.162); chela with pedicel 0.914 / 0.251 (0.937 / 0.254); chela without pedicel 0.866 / 0.251 (0.893 / 0.254), movable finger 0.457 (0.481). Leg I: trochanter 0.08/0.09 (0.09/0.13), femur 0.235 / 0.061 (0.238 / 0.064), patella 0.141 / 0.063 (0.144 / 0.069), tibia 0.192 / 0.072 (0.195 / 0.085); metatarsus 0.141 / 0.031 (0.144 / 0.034); tarsus 0.094 / 0.041 (0.097 / 0.045). Leg IV: trochanter 0.199 / 0.121 (0.197 / 0.124); femur+patella: 0.416 / 0.126 (0.419 / 0.129); tibia: 0.304 / 0.081 (0.307 / 0.084); metatarsus 0.171 / 0.061 (0.174/0.07); tarsus 0.151 / 0.041 (0.154 / 0.041). Male paratypes: Body length 1.609. Carapace 0.451 / 0.460; cucullus length 0.153. Chelicerae 0.219 / 0.123; movable finger 0.153. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.220 / 0.149; femur 0.533 / 0.152; patella 0.350 / 0.153; chela with pedicel 0.893 / 0.247; chela without pedicel 0.863 / 0.247; movable finger 0.446. Leg I: trochanter 0.08/0.090; femur 0.225 / 0.062; patella 0.345 / 0.147; tibia 0.182 / 0.071; metatarsus 0.140 / 0.030; tarsus 0.086 / 0.051. Leg IV: trochanter 0.193 / 0.120; femur+patella 0.415 / 0.123; tibia 0.302 / 0.071; metatarsus 0.169 / 0.060; tarsus 0.149 / 0.040. Etymology. The specific epithet (gollumi) derives its name from the mythical (fictional) character Gollum, from Middle Earth, in the fantasy literary book “The Lord of the Rings” written by J.R.R. Tolkien, who lived in the cave. Distribution. Only known from the type locality (Brazil: Pernambuco, Meu Rei cave). Remarks. Currently, only 11 species of the genus Geogarypus Chamberlin, 1930 are known from South America (Harvey 2013). Individuals of Geogarypus gollumi sp. nov. differ from the other species of the genus by the absence of trichobothrium isb, likewise, by the trichobothrium ib basal to est, and is not distal to esb. Fixed finger chelal with 26 teeth and four larger teeth (male, with 20 teeth and four larger teeth), movable finger with 11 cusp-shaped teeth (male, with 10 cusp-shaped teeth), and the remaining teeth, basal and flattened. However, when compared to other species with the trichobothria isb absent. Geogarypus gollumi sp. nov. differs from Geogarypus bucculentus Beier, 1955 by the fixed finger with four pit-like structures with raised rims between and below eb, esb and est. Lateral margins of tergites swollen and raised. Tarsus of most legs diplotarsate, but some legs possess fused or partially fused tarsus (see Harvey, 1987; Figs. 7 – 8), and by possessing large lateral flanges on the carapace. Also, it differs from Geogarypus connatus Harvey, 1986 by the pedipalps, carapace and to a lesser extent tergites with large pustules; teeth of chelal fingers closely spaced, slightly retrorse. 5–7 internal accessory teeth present. Serrula exterior of chelicera with 11–12 (male), 11–13 (female) blades; galea of male simple, occasionally with 1 or 2 minute distal spinules, and female with 6–7 distal branches, and tarsus of all legs monotarsate; occasionally a slight suture is evident, but the segment is never articulated.

Pseudochthonius biseriatus Mahnert, 2001 Material examined. 2 males, Pernambuco, Brazil: Furna do Morcego cave, 8°34’14.1”S; 37°22’55.6”W, 556 m a.s.l., 09-V-2019; Catimbau National Park, E. Barbier leg. (LECA; Ps-SCR008). Diagnosis. According to Mahnert (2001) Pseudochthonius biseriatus, it can be easily distinguished from the other species of the genus by the carapace reticule, as long as broad, absent eyes, anterior margin with a prominent dentate epistome, 16 strong setae, one preocular seta present on each side (Mahnert 2001; Fig. 13); Chelicerae with five setae, fixed finger with 9–11 acute teeth, movable finger with 8–10 teeth, absent spinneret tooth-like in male, serrula exterior with 20 blades, rallum nine setae, first only shorts dentate (see Mahnert 2001; Fig. 14); Tergites whitish-yellow, tergites III–IV with round medial spots, chaetotaxy: 2: 2: 4: 4-6: 6: 6: 6: 6: 4: 4(2ST): 2; Pedipalps, femur 6.4–6.6×, patella 2.2–2.5×, hand 2.3–2.4×, chela 7.5–8.0×, finger 2.3×, fixed finger with 37–41 pointed teeth arranged like offset saw teeth and therefore giving the impression of heterodonty, trichobothrium ist much near to esb than to est, and one sensillum distal to sb on movable finger (see Mahnert 2001; Figs. 15–16); Leg I: femur 6.1–6.2×, 4.2–4.5×, tibia 4.9–5.3×, tarsus 10.4–11.3×; Leg IV: femur+patella 3.1–3.4×, tibia 5.0–5.2×, metatarsus 3.5–3.8×, tarsus 10.6–11.9× (one basal tactile seta). Remarks. Measurements and proportion of pedipalps, distribution of trichobothria, and some other taxonomic characters correspond to the description of P. biseriatus from Minas Gerais, Brazil (Mahnert 2001; Figs. 13–16). The specimens of the cave from Pernambuco (Brazil) slightly differ from the other specimens in the body length (1.649 –1.656), smaller than those described by Mahnert (2001), similarly in the number of teeth on the fingers of the chela, 35 teeth on the fixed finger and 31 on the movable finger, however, these differences can be attributed to intraspecific variations by the geographical distribution of the species, since all the diagnostic characters correspond to the species P. biseriatus. Measurements (mm). Body length: 1.649 –1.656. Carapace: 0.523–0.526/0.438–0.456. Pedipalps: femur: 0.426–0.459/0.114–0.116, patella 0.237–0.241/0.101–0.103, chela: 0.792–0.796/0.157–0.159, movable finger: 0.513 / 0.030. Chelicera: 0.149 / 0.090, movable finger length: 0.125. Leg I: femur: 0.461–0.463/0.070–0.080, patella: 0.273–0.281/0.060–0.080, tibia: 0.251–0.273/0.050–0.070, tarsus: 0.477–0.479/0.050–0.060. Leg IV: femur+patella: 0.689–0.690/0.213–0.232, tibia: 0.441–0–443/ 0.070 –0.090, metatarsus: 0.25–0.27/ 0.070 –0.090, tarsus: 0.493–0.495/0.050–0.070. Distribution: Brazil (Harvey 2013; World Pseudoscorpiones Catalog 2022)., Published as part of Bedoya-Roqueme, Edwin, Tizo-Pedroso, Everton, Barbier, Eder & Lira, André Felipe De Araújo, 2023, Two new cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion species (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) from Northeastern Brazil, pp. 317-332 in Zootaxa 5293 (2) on page 319, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7960232, {"references":["Mahnert, V. (2001) Cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) from Brazil. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 108, 95 - 148. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 79622","Harvey, M. S. (2013) Pseudoscorpions of the World. Version 3.0. Western Australian Museum, Perth. Available from: http: // www. museum. wa. gov. au / catalogues / pseudoscorpions (accessed 20 February 2023)","World Pseudoscorpiones Catalog (2022) World Pseudoscorpiones Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http: // wac. nmbe. ch (accessed 20 February 2022)"]}

Parachernes (Parachernes) nitidimanus (Ellingsen, 1905) Material examined. 1 female, Pernambuco, Brazil: Furna do Morcego cave, 8°34’14.1”S; 37°22’55.6”W, 556 m a.s.l., 09-V-2019; Catimbau National Park, E. Barbier leg. (LECA; Ps-SCR010). Diagnosis. According to Ellingsen (1905) and Beier (1932b) can be easily distinguished from the other species of the genus Parachernes Chamberlin (1931) by the carapace as long as broad 1.14×, gradually narrowing forwards, the short frontal margin straightened. Metazone distinctly granulated, yet a little glossy before the first furrow. Two distinct transverse furrows, the anterior one about in the middle, the posterior one somewhat nearer to the hinder margin than to the anterior furrow. Tergite divided (except XI), slightly granulated, al setae rather long, slightly clavate. Chaetotaxy tergal: 10: 10: 10: 8(1): 8(2): 6(2): 8(2): 8(2): 8(2): 10(2): 4(2ST):2. Genital region opercula with a central group of 18 short, three setae on each side, and ten marginal setae. Chelicerae, female with galea very slender and short, with some fine teeth in and near the extremity on the underside, male with about 6 terminal branches; paired spermatheca, typical of the genus. Pedipalps moderately strong, all segments smooth and glossy. The setae on the inner side of the trochanter and femur are slightly clavate, the other setae of the palps are slightly dentate in the extremity, on the fingers simple with some longer ones intermixed; trochanter and the proximal part of femur slightly shagreened; femur 2.35×, strongly granulated; patella 2.02×, more slightly, rather shagreened. chela with pedicel 3.18×, chela without pedicel 2.47×, hand round about smooth and very glossy, fingers as general smooth and glossy. Measurements (mm). Body length: 2.359. Carapace: 0.771 / 0.672. Pedipalps: trochanter: 0.347 / 0.197, femur: 0.544 / 0.235, patella: 0.589 / 0.266, chela with pedicel: 1.064 / 0.384, chela without pedicel: 0.950 / 0.384, movable finger: 0.538. Chelicera: 0.277 / 0.141, movable finger length:0.202. Leg I: femur: 0.105 / 0.127, patella: 0.317 / 0.137, tibia: 0.272 / 0.091, tarsus: 0.308 / 0.071. Leg IV: femur+patella: 0.569 / 0.158, tibia: 0.318 / 0.103, tarsus: 0.255 / 0.052. Distribution. Brazil, Saint Vincent, and the Grenadines (Harvey 2013; World Pseudoscorpiones Catalog 2022)., Published as part of Bedoya-Roqueme, Edwin, Tizo-Pedroso, Everton, Barbier, Eder & Lira, André Felipe De Araújo, 2023, Two new cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion species (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) from Northeastern Brazil, pp. 317-332 in Zootaxa 5293 (2) on page 320, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7960232, {"references":["Ellingsen, E. (1905) Pseudoscorpions from South America collected by Dr. A. Borelli, A. Bertoni de Winkelried, and Prof. Goeldi. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia e di Anatomia Comparata della R. Universita di Torino, 20 (500), 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 9304","Beier, M. (1932 b) Pseudoscorpionidea II. Subord. C. Cheliferinea. Tierreich, 58, i - xxi + 1 - 294.","Chamberlin, J. C. (1931) The arachnid order Chelonethida. Stanford University Publications, Biological Science, 7 (1), 1 - 284.","Harvey, M. S. (2013) Pseudoscorpions of the World. Version 3.0. Western Australian Museum, Perth. Available from: http: // www. museum. wa. gov. au / catalogues / pseudoscorpions (accessed 20 February 2023)","World Pseudoscorpiones Catalog (2022) World Pseudoscorpiones Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http: // wac. nmbe. ch (accessed 20 February 2022)"]}

Ceriochernes foliaceosetosus Beier, 1974 Material examined. 1 female, Pernambuco, Brazil: Meu Rei cave, 08°29’14.1”S, 37° 16’48.8”W, 777 m a.s.l., 19- I-2016, Catimbau National Park, E. Barbier leg. (LECA; Ps-012). Diagnosis. According to the description made by Beier (1974), the specimens of Ceriochernes foliaceosetosus Beier, 1974 can be easily distinguished by the carapace reddish-brown, slightly longer than wide, without eyes and eyespots, strongly granulated, the granules of the metazone covered with an epicuticle, reticulate in the form of a rough honeycomb, both transverse furrow narrow and not very deep, but distinct, the anterior curved laterally, the posterior closer to the rear margin, with six setae on the anterior margin, and eight on the posterior margin. All tergites divided, setae clavate and broadly foliated, rounded at the tip, curved and almost sessile, partially covered by epicuticle, with midrib, pleural membrane very densely granulated. Chaetotaxy tergal: 6: 8: 8: 6: 6: 8: 8: 8: 8: 8: 8: 2. Genital region operculum with a set of 12 setae, and ten setae on posterior margin. Chelicerae with six to seven setae on hand, es very short, three blades on the rallum, Serrula with 17 blades, galea with 5 very short branches distally. Pedipalps strongly reticulated, trochanter 1.0×, femur 2.58×, patella 2.15×, fingers not as long as the hand without pedicel, each with about 35–40 marginal teeth, the accessory teeth small and inconspicuous, present on the medial side only on the distal part of the finger, trichobothrium ist midway between isb and it, est proximal of ist; trichobothrium st closest to t. Measurements (mm). Body length: 2.021. Carapace: 0.638 / 0.538. Pedipalps: trochanter: 0.344 / 0.244, femur: 0.522 / 0.204, patella: 0.569 / 0.204, chela with pedicel: 0.864 / 0.346, chela without pedicel: 0.833 / 0.346, movable finger: 0.383. Leg I: trochanter: 0.124 / 0.105, femur: 0.127 / 0.093, patella: 0.255 / 0.093, tibia: 0.275 / 0.072, tarsus: 0.283 / 0.053. Leg IV: trochanter: 0.183 / 0.140, femur+patella: 0.488 / 0.152, tibia: 0.377 / 0.109, tarsus: 0.385 / 0.088. Distribution. Brazil (Harvey 2013; World Pseudoscorpiones Catalog 2022)., Published as part of Bedoya-Roqueme, Edwin, Tizo-Pedroso, Everton, Barbier, Eder & Lira, André Felipe De Araújo, 2023, Two new cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion species (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) from Northeastern Brazil, pp. 317-332 in Zootaxa 5293 (2) on page 321, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7960232, {"references":["Beier, M. (1974) Brasilianische Pseudoscorpione aus dem Museum in Genf. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 81, 899 - 909. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 76050","Harvey, M. S. (2013) Pseudoscorpions of the World. Version 3.0. Western Australian Museum, Perth. Available from: http: // www. museum. wa. gov. au / catalogues / pseudoscorpions (accessed 20 February 2023)","World Pseudoscorpiones Catalog (2022) World Pseudoscorpiones Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http: // wac. nmbe. ch (accessed 20 February 2022)"]}

Progarypus smaugi sp. nov. Figs. 3 – 4, 15 – 24 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:003a5f97-862a-4dee-94d1-98722cbad9ff Material examined. Male holotype: Pernambuco, Brazil: Meu Rei cave, 08°29’14.1”S, 37°16’48.8”W, 777 m a.s.l., 19-I-2016, Catimbau National Park, E. Barbier leg. (LECA; Ps-016). Paratypes: Brazil: 3 males, Pernambuco, Meu Rei cave, 08°29’14.1”S, 37°16’48.8”W, 777 m a.s.l., 19-I-2016, Catimbau National Park, E. Barbier leg. (LECA; Ps-017); 4 females, Pernambuco, Meu Rei cave, 08°29’14.1”S, 37°16’48.8”W, 777 m a.s.l., 19-I-2016, Catimbau National Park, E. Barbier leg. (LECA; Ps-018). Diagnosis. Distribution of the trichobothria on the fixed finger chelal, being trichobothrium ist distal de est. Trichobothrium it proximal to est; ib near the level of isb. Nodus ramosus on movable finger chelal proximal to trichobothria t; the robust pedipalps, male femur 0.604 / 0.229 mm, 2.6× (female, 0.681 / 0.251 mm, 2.7×), patella 0.485 / 0.209 mm, 2.3× (female, 0.552 / 0.250 mm, 2.5×). Fixed finger with 39 pointed teeth, movable finger with 30 flattened teeth. Adults. Carapace (Figs. 3–4), and pedipalps reddish-brown, carapace in both male and female with pale posterior area, more evident in males than in females, all legs light yellow, all tergites divided (except XI), anterior tergites light-brown colors, chela pedipalpal darker reddish-brown (Figs. 3–4). Chelicera with five setae on hand, fixed finger with one apical tooth, and four subapical teeth, movable finger with tooth-like subapical lobe (Fig. 16), rallum with three blade, first and second long toothed (Fig. 17), gale long, with three apical branches (Fig. 18), serrula exterior with 18 blades (female, with 20 blades). Pedipalps robust (Figs. 19–20), in both male and female strongly granulated, trochanter 1.3× (female, 1.2×) as long as broad, femur 2.6× (female 2.7×) as long as broad, chela with pedicel 3.2× (female 3.4×), chela without pedicel 3.0× (female 3.2×), inner margin of hand in female rounded (Fig. 20). Movable finger chelal 0.518 mm (female 0.641 mm), fixed finger with 39 pointed teeth (female with 37 pointed teeth), movable finger with 30 flattened teeth (female with 32 flattened teeth) (Fig. 21). Trichobothrium ist distal de est; trichobothrium it proximal to est; ib near the level of isb; trichobothrium st proximal to the middle of the finger, sb closer to b than to st, nodus ramosus on fixed finger distal of est, and in the movable finger chelal proximal to trichobothrium t (Fig. 21), well-developed venom apparatus in both on the fixed finger and on the movable finger chelal (Fig. 21). Carapace triangular (Fig. 15), squamose sculpturing, posteriorly reticulate, cucullus shorts, with an indistinct longitudinal furrow, with medial furrow and indistinct posterior furrow (Fig. 15), four large eyes, all setae very short and acuminate, with approx. 38 setae (female approx. 36 setae), four setae on the anterior margin, one seta preocular on each side, with six to twelve setae on the posterior margin (Fig. 15). Coxal region: female and male with an apical lobe of coxa pedipalpal with two setae marginal, and three discal setae, approx. 26 setae (female approx. 28), coxa I ca. 22 setae (female ca. 26 setae), Coxa II ca. 24 setae (female ca. 28), Coxa III ca. 30 setae (female ca. 32 setae), Coxa IV ca. 34 setae (female ca. 36 setae). Opisthosoma: all tergites are divided (except XI); reticulate sculpture, all setae acuminate, pleural membrane strongly striated. Tergal chaetotaxy of holotype male, tergites I–XI: 6: 8: 8: 8: 6: 6: 4: 4: 6: 6: 4 [4ST]: 2, females paratypes, tergites I–XI: 6: 6–8: 6–8: 8: 6: 6: 6–4: 6–4: 6: 6: 4 [4ST]: 2, males paratypes, tergites I–XI: 6: 6: 8: 8: 6: 6–8: 6–8: 6–8: 6: 6–8: 4 [4ST]: 2, tergite XI with four setae tactile. Sternal chaetotaxy of the male holotype, sternites II–XII: 8(4): (1)6(1): (1)6(1): 8: 8: 8: 8: 8: 10: 10: 2, females paratypes, sternites II–XII: 6: (1)6(1): (1)6(1): 6–8: 6–8: 8: 8–10: 8–10: 10–12: 10: 2, males paratypes, sternites II–XII: 8(4): (1)6(1): (1)6(1): 6: 6–8: 8–10: 8–10: 8–10: 10–12: 10: 2, sternites XI with two setae tactile, pleural membrane III–X with one seta. The genital region of the male holotype with eighth setae, and four discal setae on the anterior operculum (Fig. 22), the posterior operculum with six marginal setae (Fig. 22), internal genital structures, indistinctly visible (Fig. 22). Genital region of the female paratype with six central setae on the anterior operculum, and six marginal setae on the posterior operculum. Legs: all legs light-yellow (Figs. 23–24), Leg I (Fig. 23): trochanter 1.5× (female 1.7×), femur 2.8× (female 2.7×), patella 2.4× (female 2.6×), tibia 2.4× (female 2.6×), metatarsus 3.2× (female 3.3×), tarsus 3.3× (female 4.8×), Leg IV (Fig. 24): trochanter 1.1× (female 1.2×), femur+patella 2.6× (female 2.7×), tibia 4.0× (female 4.1×), metatarsus 3.1× (female 3.2×), tarsus 3.7× (female 3.8×), subterminal setae smooth, arolium undivided and longer than claws (Fig. 24). Measurements (mm):Male holotype (Paratype in parentheses):body length 1.796(1.813); carapace 0.609 / 0.486 (0.612 / 0.489); Chelicerae; movable finger. pedipalps trochanter: 0.255 / 0.191 (0.257 / 0.193); femur: 0.604 / 0.229 (0.607 / 0.230); patella 0.485 / 0.209 (0.487 / 0.210); chela with pedicel 0.929 / 0.289 (0.931 / 0.290); chela without pedicel 0.873 / 0.289 (0.853 / 0.290), movable finger 0.578 (0.581). Leg I: trochanter 0.136 / 0.129 (0.137 / 0.131), femur 0.220 / 0.077 (0.225 / 0.079), patella 0.149 / 0.061 (0.151 / 0.063), tibia 0.159 / 0.065 (0.161 / 0.067); metatarsus 0.131 / 0.041 (0.133 / 0.043); tarsus 0.134 / 0.043 (0.136 / 0.045). Leg IV: trochanter 0.231 / 0.131 (0.235 / 0.133); femur+patella: 0.843 / 0.180 (0.845 / 0.183); tibia: 0.361 / 0.091 (0.365 / 0.093); metatarsus 0.219 / 0.071 (0.221 / 0.070); tarsus 0.189 / 0.051 (0.187 / 0.053). Female paratypes: Body length 2.241 –2.250. Carapace 0.691–0.693/0.552–0.553; Chelicerae; movable finger. Pedipalps:trochanter 0.226–0.229/0.210–0.213; femur 0.681–0.683/0.251–0.253; patella 0.550–0.553/0.220–0.223; chela with pedicel1.091–1.093/0.321–0.323; chela without pedicel 1.031–1.033/0.321–0.323; movable finger 0.641 – 0.643. Leg I: trochanter 0.050–0.060/0.136–0.137; femur 0.263–0.265/0.080–0.090; patella 0.167–0.169/0.102– 0.103; tibia 0.215–0.217/0.080–0.090; metatarsus 0.203–0.206/0.060–0.070; tarsus 0.195–0.197/0.041–0.043. Leg IV: trochanter 0.230–0.231/0.130–0.133; femur+patella 0.803–0.805/0.251–0.253; tibia 0.532–0.533/0.110–0.112; metatarsus 0.316–0.319/0.060–0.070; tarsus 0.249–0.251/0.040–0.050. Etymology. The specific epithet (smaugi) derives its name from the mythical (fictional) dragon, the last of the great dragons remaining in Middle Earth, in the fantasy literary book “The Hobbit” written by J.R.R. Tolkien. Distribution. Only known from the type locality (Brazil: Pernambuco, Meu Rei cave). Remarks. According to the descriptions by Beier (1931a, 1932b, 1959, 1964) and the taxonomic key presented by Mahnert (2001), Progarypus smaugi sp. nov. differs from other species of Progarypus Beier, 1931 as follows: it differs from the type species of the genus Progarypus ramicola (Balzan, 1887), from Paraguay, for the femur pedipalpal without pedicel, clearly separated, somewhat concave, femur pedipalps 0.720 / 0.160, patella 0.690 (0.540)/0.201, rallum of chelicera with three denticulate blades. It differs from Progarypus longipes Beier, 1964 by each tergite with six to eight very short marginal setae; pedipalps relatively very thinned, femur pedipalpal on the apical third with an extended tactile seta, scaly sculpture in the medial area and granular in the rest. Fixed finger chelal with 45 densely spaced teeth, finger movable chelal with 35 pointed teeth in apical third, but completely flat at the base, and Progarypus marginatus Beier, 1964 from Chile by the eb -esb -isb trichobothria at the base of the fingers, ist is closer to it than to ib; male femur pedipalpal 0.950 / 0.201, 4.7×, patella 0.801 / 0.240, 3.3×. Differ from Progarypus novus Beier, 1931 from Brazil by the carapace 1.5× as long as wide, gradually narrowing, with truncated anterior margin, and approximately net-like sculpturing. Pedipalps slender, femur 4.0×, as long as wide, sessile, patella 3.5×, chelal fingers slightly shorter than hand without pedicel 0.54 mm. It differs from Progarypus peruanus Beier, 1959 from Peru by the carapace as long as wide at the base, conically narrowed at anterior margin, densely granulated. Pedipalps almost as long as the body, femur without pedicel 4.3×, patella 3×, fingers clearly longer than hand chela with pedicel and as long as femur, tarsus IV shorter than tarsus I. It differs from Progarypus oxydactylus (Balzan, 1887) from Paraguay by the carapace clearly longer than wide, finely granulated, and reticulate at the base, pedipalps rather long and thin. Femur 4.1× times as long as wide, weakly pedicelled, finely granulated, and striated, patella 3.2× as long as wide, notably shorter than the femur. Similarly, it differs from the species Progarypus gracilis Mahnert, 2001, Progarypus liliae Mahnert, 2001, and Progarypus setifer Mahnert, 2001 from Brazil by the length of the femur pedipalps 0.7-1.0- 1.21 mm, by the distribution of the trichobothria est, ist, it, et, the length of the fingers of the pedipalpal hand. The new species resembles Progarypus nigrimanus Mahnert, 2001, from Brazil however, it differs by the femur pedipalpal length 0.7–1.0 mm; at least one of trichobothrium est, ist, it, et proximal to st, finger relatively shorter, at most 1.3×, pedipalps bicolored, chelal hand darker than femur and patella, femur pedipalpal 4.7–5.3× (length 0.86 mm), patella 3.8–3.9× (length 0.78–0.79mm) longer than broad, carapace anteriorly with tessellated sculpturing.

Progarypus setifer Mahnert, 2001 Material examined. 5 males: Pernambuco, Brazil: Meu Rei cave, 08°29’14.1”S, 37°16’48.8”W, 777 m a.s.l., 19-I-2016, Catimbau National Park, E. Barbier leg. (LECA; Ps-019). 4 females, Pernambuco, Meu Rei cave, 08°29’14.1”S, 37°16’48.8”W, 777 m a.s.l., 19-I-2016, Catimbau National Park, E. Barbier leg. (LECA; Ps-020). Diagnosis. According to the description made by Mahnert (2001), specimens of Progarypus setifer Mahnert, 2001 can be identified by the combination of characters: the carapace and pedipalps reddish-brown, 1.6× as long as broad, densely granulate, between the numerous larger granula is a clearly granulated microsculpture four setae on anterior margin, two preocular setae each side, five to six setae on posterior margin, setae small, and indistinct (see Mahnert 2001; Fig. 36). Tergal chaetotaxy, tergites I–XII: 4: 5-6: 5-6: 5-6: 5-6: 5-6: 6-8: 6-8: 6-8[2ST]: 8[4ST]: 10[4ST]:2. Region genital of the male with ten marginal, and six discal setae on the operculum anterior, camera genital with 2/2 setae. Region genital of the female with four setae on anterior genital operculum. Chelicera, hand with 5 setae, movable finger with slightly bilobed subapical lobe, galea with 3 apical branches, serrula exterior 18 blades, flagellum 3 setae. Pedipalps: trochanter with a distinct dorsal hump, coarsely granular, femur and patella coarsely granulate, femur of the male 6.2× (female 4.9×), with a short dorsal tactile seta near the base, patella 6.3× (female 4.5×), chela with pedicel 5.4× (female 3.7×), fixed finger chelal with approx. 40 (female 39) pointed teeth, movable finger with 39 (32 female) pointed teeth. Trichobothrium eb, esb, ib, isb at finger base, ist, est, it, et in distal half and distal to st; trichobothrium ist nearly halfway between it and est; trichobothrium st halfway between sb and t (see Mahnert 2001; Figs. 38–40). Leg 1: femur 4.7× (female 3.9×), patella 2.6× (female 2.3×), tibia 6.6× (female 5.2×), metatarsus 5.7× (female 5.0×), tarsus 4.4× (female 5.0×). Leg IV: femur+patella 2.8× (female 2.7×), tibia 5.5× (female 4.8×), metatarsus 5.4× (female 4.4×), with a short tactile seta near i1s base, tarsus 6.3× (female 5.7×), subterminal seta smooth, arolia undivided and longer than claws. Measurements (mm). Body length: 2.613 –2.651, carapace 0.914–0.937/0.553–0.571 (0.931–0.950/0.611– 0.651). Pedipalp: femur 1.21–1.23/ 0.170 –0.190 (1.113–1.115/0.230–0.250), patella 1.230–1.250/0.200–0.210 (1.050–1.070/0.230–0.250), hand with pedicel 0.751–0.771/0.342–0.345 (0.801–0.803/0.461–0.471), finger length 1.101 –1.116 (0.981 –0.983), chelal length 1.830 –1.850 (1.720 –1.750). Legs: Leg I: femur 0.550–0.570/0.120–0.140 (0.470 –0.490 / 0.l22–0.123), patella 0.291–0.301/0.110–0.120 (0.253–0.256/0.112–0.113), tibia 0.487–0.489/0.071– 0.073 (0.401 –0.403 /0.08), metatarsus 0.351 –0.353 /0.06–0.07 (0.281 –0.283 /0.06–0.070), tarsus 0.221–0.223/0.050– 0.070 (0.201–0.203/0.040–0.050). Leg IV: femur+patella 0.881–0.883/0.310–0.313 (0.831–0.833/0.301–0.303), tibia 0.680–0.681/0.120–0.123 (0.626–0.629/0.131–0.133), metatarsus 0.411–0.413/0.080 (0.351–0.353/0.080), tarsus 0.311–0.313/0.050 (0.291–0.311/0.050). Distribution. Brazil (Harvey 2013; World Pseudoscorpiones Catalog 2022)., Published as part of Bedoya-Roqueme, Edwin, Tizo-Pedroso, Everton, Barbier, Eder & Lira, André Felipe De Araújo, 2023, Two new cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion species (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) from Northeastern Brazil, pp. 317-332 in Zootaxa 5293 (2) on page 328, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7960232, {"references":["Mahnert, V. (2001) Cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) from Brazil. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 108, 95 - 148. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 79622","Harvey, M. S. (2013) Pseudoscorpions of the World. Version 3.0. Western Australian Museum, Perth. Available from: http: // www. museum. wa. gov. au / catalogues / pseudoscorpions (accessed 20 February 2023)","World Pseudoscorpiones Catalog (2022) World Pseudoscorpiones Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http: // wac. nmbe. ch (accessed 20 February 2022)"]}

Petterchernes brasiliensis Heurtault, 1986 Material examined. 1 male, Pernambuco, Brazil: Furna do Morcego cave, 8°34’14.1”S; 37°22’55.6”W, 556 m a.s.l., 09-V-2019; Catimbau National Park, E. Barbier leg. (LECA; Ps-SCR011). Diagnosis. According to Heurtault (1986) and Mahnert (1994) the males of Petterchernes brasiliensis Heurtault, 1986 can be easily distinguished by the carapace without eyes and without eyespots, dark brown, metazone finely granulated, setae of the carapace and tergites strongly clavate, with two deep transverse furrows, for setae on anterior margin; tergites divided, granulate. Chaetotaxy tergal: 9: 9: 9: 10: 10: 10: 12: 12: 10: 10: 10: 2. Genital region operculum with 32 setae and ten setae on posterior margin. Chelicerae, galea with multiple branches, and three blades in the rallum. Pedipalps coarsely granulate, setae stout and enlarged, trochanter 1.67×, with high dorsal hump, femur 2.22×, abruptly enlarged, patella 2.15×, chela with pedicel 2.28×, chela without pedicel 2.09×, trichobothrium isb, ib, and est at same level, hand with well pronounced internal hump bearing some longer and stouter setae. Legs, tarsus IV without tactile setae, claws smooth and simple, subterminal seta smooth, curve. Measurements (mm). Body length: 1.251. Carapace: 0.554 / 0.473. Pedipalps: trochanter: 0.269 / 0.161, femur: 0.477 / 0.214, patella: 0.415 / 0.193, chela with pedicel: 0.766 / 0.335, chela without pedicel: 0.7020 / 0.335, movable finger: 0.418. Leg I: trochanter: 0.137 / 0.085, femur: 0.131 / 0.115, patella: 0.106 / 0.076, tibia: 0.127 / 0.078, tarsus: 0.202 / 0.047. Leg IV: trochanter: 0.153 / 0.121, femur+patella: 0.380 / 0.121, tibia: 0.164 / 0.086, tarsus: 0.276 / 0.058. Distribution. Brazil (Harvey 2013; World Pseudoscorpiones Catalog 2022)., Published as part of Bedoya-Roqueme, Edwin, Tizo-Pedroso, Everton, Barbier, Eder & Lira, André Felipe De Araújo, 2023, Two new cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion species (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) from Northeastern Brazil, pp. 317-332 in Zootaxa 5293 (2) on page 321, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7960232, {"references":["Heurtault, J. (1986) Petterchernes brasiliensis, genre et espece nouveaux de Pseudoscorpions du Bresil (Arachnides, Pseudoscorpionida, Chernetidae). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 8, 351 - 355.","Mahnert, V. (1994) New chernetid pseuuoscorpions (Pseudoscorpionida: Chemetidae) from Venezuela and Brazil, with remarks on the genus Ancalochernes Beier. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 101, 829 - 838. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 79929","Harvey, M. S. (2013) Pseudoscorpions of the World. Version 3.0. Western Australian Museum, Perth. Available from: http: // www. museum. wa. gov. au / catalogues / pseudoscorpions (accessed 20 February 2023)","World Pseudoscorpiones Catalog (2022) World Pseudoscorpiones Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http: // wac. nmbe. ch (accessed 20 February 2022)"]}

Cryptoditha aff. elegans Material examined. 1 male, Pernambuco, Brazil: Furna do Morcego cave, 8°34’14.1”S; 37°22’55.6”W, 556 m a.s.l., 09-V-2019; Catimbau National Park, E. Barbier leg. (LECA; Ps-SCR009). Diagnosis. According to Chamberlin & Chamberlin (1945) specimens of Cryptoditha can be recognized by the marginal teeth of chela prominent, acute, and distinctly spaced; sub-equally developed on both fingers; tending to become contiguous basally on the fingers (Chamberlin & Chamberlin 1945; Fig. 6). Carapace smooth, weakly emarginate, and provided with a dentate, epistomal process; with four large eyes. Vestitural setae sparse but robust; tergites uniseriate with about six marginal setae per segment. Coxal spines typical, with four to five each on coxae I and II, intercoxal tubercle absent. Trichobothrium et subterminal, est and it both distinctly distal of median, but well-spaced from et; trichobothrium ist, esb, and eb, forming an oblique basal series. Trichobothrium esb closer to ist than to eb. Trichobothrium st submedial between sb and t (Chamberlin & Chamberlin 1945; Fig. 6). The species Cryptoditha elegans (Beier, 1931) was described initially from Minas Gerais (Passa Quatro), subsequently from Santa Catarina (Beier 1931a, 1974), and later reported for the State of Mina Gerais (Mahnert 2001). The specimen of the cave from Pernambuco (Brazil) presents some taxonomic characters corresponding to the description of the C. elegans made by Beier (1931a) and Chamberlin & Chamberlin (1945), such as proportion of pedipalps, and distribution of trichobothria, similarly, to the proportions of the specimens reported by Mahnert (2001). Therefore, due to the lack of specimens from the type locality of the species (see Mahnert 2001), which would allow a reexamination of the type specimens, likewise, only having one individual, it is decided to assign the Pernambuco specimen as Cryptoditha aff. elegans. Measurements (mm). Body length:1.315.Carapace:0.423.Pedipalps: femur: 0.375 / 0.149, patella: 0.186 / 0.086, chela: 0.626 / 0.127, movable finger: 0.408. Chelicera: 0.273 / 0.139, movable finger length: 0.153. Leg I: femur: 0.463 / 0.080, patella: 0.291 / 0.070, tibia: 0.261 / 0.070, tarsus: 0.452 / 0.050. Leg IV: femur+patella: 0.581 / 0.160, tibia: 0.403 / 0.080, metatarsus: 0.223 / 0.060, tarsus: 0.413 / 0.060. Distribution. Brazil (Harvey 2013; World Pseudoscorpiones Catalog 2022)., Published as part of Bedoya-Roqueme, Edwin, Tizo-Pedroso, Everton, Barbier, Eder & Lira, André Felipe De Araújo, 2023, Two new cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion species (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) from Northeastern Brazil, pp. 317-332 in Zootaxa 5293 (2) on pages 319-320, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7960232, {"references":["Chamberlin, J. C. & Chamberlin, R. V. (1945) The genera and species of Tridenchthoniidae (Dithidae) a family of the arachnid order Chelonethida. Bulletin of the University of Utah. Biological Series, 9 (2), 1 - 67.","Beier, M. (1931 a) Zur Kenntnis der Chthoniiden (Pseudoskorpione). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 93, 49 - 56.","Beier, M. (1974) Brasilianische Pseudoscorpione aus dem Museum in Genf. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 81, 899 - 909. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 76050","Mahnert, V. (2001) Cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) from Brazil. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 108, 95 - 148. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 79622","Harvey, M. S. (2013) Pseudoscorpions of the World. Version 3.0. Western Australian Museum, Perth. Available from: http: // www. museum. wa. gov. au / catalogues / pseudoscorpions (accessed 20 February 2023)","World Pseudoscorpiones Catalog (2022) World Pseudoscorpiones Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http: // wac. nmbe. ch (accessed 20 February 2022)"]}

In a study of pseudoscorpions in caves from the northeastern Brazil, eight species of Pseudoscorpiones were identified. The known distribution of the species Pseudochthonius biseriatus Mahnert, 2001, Cryptoditha aff. elegans, Parachernes (P.) nitidimanus (Ellingsen, 1905), Petterchernes brasiliensis Heurtault, 1986, Ceriochernes foliaceosetosus Beier, 1974, and Progarypus setifer Mahnert, 2001 is extended to include the State of Pernambuco. Additionally, Geogarypus gollumi sp. nov. (Geogarypidae) and Progarypus smaugi sp. nov. (Hesperolpiidae) are described as new species.

Key to Progarypus Beier, 1931 species recorded from Brazil Adapted and extended from the key made by Mahnert (2001). 1. Large species, pedipalpal femur length 1.1 mm (female) to 1.21 mm (male); trichobothria ist, est, it, et in distal finger half, distal to st; finger 1.5× longer than chelal hand with pedicel........................................... P. setifer Mahnert - Smaller species. pedipalpal femur length 0.6–1.0 mm; at least one of trichobothria est, ist, it, et proximal to st, finger relatively shorter, almost 1.3×longer than chelal hand with pedicel...................................................... 2 2. Finger shorter than hand with pedicel, trichobothrium ist and est apparently proximal to st; pedipalpal femur 4.6× (length 0.7 3mm), patella 3.5× (length 0.70) longer than broad................................................. P. novus Beier - Finger 1.2 to 1.3× longer than chelal hand; only trichobothria est proximal to st.................................... 3 3. Pedipalps bicolored................................................................................... 4 - Pedipalps unicolored, the hand not darker than femur and patella................................................ 5 4. Chelal hand darker than femur and patella; pedipalpal femur 4.7–5.3× (length 0.8 6mm), patella 3.8–3.9× (length 0.7 8–0.7 9mm) longer than broad, carapace anteriorly with tessellated sculpturing........................ P. nigrimanus Mahnert - Chelal hand lighter than femur and patella; pedipalpal femur 2.6× (female 2.7×) (length 0.604 –0.607 mm), patella 2.19–2.51× (length 0.485 –0.487 mm) longer than broad, carapace anteriorly with strongly granulate sculpture....... P. smaugi sp. nov. 5. Pedipalps and carapace granulate; pedipalpal femur 5.5– 6× longer than broad (length 1.01 mm), patella 4.9–5.4× (length 0.8 5– 1.02 mm): carapace anteriorly granulate, with clear microsculpture between granula, tarsus IV 5.0–5.2 × longer than broad.................................................................................... P. gracilis Mahnert - Pedipalps and carapace smooth, pedipalpal femur 5.8× longer than broad (length 1. 12 mm). patella 4.7× (length 1.06mm); tarsus IV 7.7× longer than broad............................................................. P. liliae Mahnert, Published as part of Bedoya-Roqueme, Edwin, Tizo-Pedroso, Everton, Barbier, Eder & Lira, André Felipe De Araújo, 2023, Two new cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion species (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) from Northeastern Brazil, pp. 317-332 in Zootaxa 5293 (2) on pages 328-329, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7960232, {"references":["Mahnert, V. (2001) Cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) from Brazil. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 108, 95 - 148. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 79622"]}