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The wood has unique structure and excellent mechanical properties. Wood is important natural source for human civilization. Wood is anisotropy structure. Wood was the important material and natural resource in human civilization. Wood is widely used in many sectors such as building, fuel, tools and other. In the ancient, wood played an important role in human cultural, economic, act and building. As a natural and sustainable material, wood has excellent mechanical properties cause by unique structures relative to its cost. Wood due to its natural growth can define as renewable and sustainable material. Due to the hierarchical and anisotropy structure, wood have properties of high strength, good durability, high moisture content and high strength. Wood is porous and fibrous structural tissue of wood. Roots and stems of wood made by natural cellulose fibres growing upward all the way to the top of canopy. This paper will present a preliminary review about the future of transparent wood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rodents and shrews are major reservoirs of various pathogens that are related to zoonotic infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate co-infections of zoonotic pathogens in rodents and shrews trapped in four provinces of China. We sampled different rodent and shrew communities within and around human settlements in four provinces of China and characterised several important zoonotic viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens by PCR methods and phylogenetic analysis. A total of 864 rodents and shrews belonging to 24 and 13 species from RODENTIA and EULIPOTYPHLA orders were captured, respectively. For viral pathogens, two species of hantavirus (Hantaan orthohantavirus and Caobang orthohantavirus) were identified in 3.47% of rodents and shrews. The overall prevalence of Bartonella spp. Anaplasmataceae, Babesia spp. Leptospira spp. Spotted fever group Rickettsiae, Borrelia spp. and Coxiella burnetii were 31.25%, 8.91%, 4.17%, 3.94%, 3.59%, 3.47%, and 0.58%, respectively. Furthermore, the highest co-infection status of three pathogens was observed among Bartonella spp. Leptospira spp. and Anaplasmataceae with a co-infection rate of 0.46%. Our results suggested that species distribution and co-infections of zoonotic pathogens were prevalent in rodents and shrews, highlighting the necessity of active surveillance for zoonotic pathogens in wild mammals in wider regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel electric gearshift with ultracapacitors is designed for the power train of a directly driven electric vehicle. The power train consists of two major subsystems: electric propulsion and energy source. The electric propulsion subsystem is composed of a dedicated wheel motor and its drive; the energy source subsystem is equipped with a stack of lead-acid batteries and ultracapacitor cells. This electric gearshift combines different parallel and serial connections of batteries, motor windings, and ultracapacitors to accommodate various driving patterns in the permissible range of speed and torque. A control core, which is realized by a field-programmable gate array, is employed to manage the energy source and direct optimal propulsion to extend the speed range of constant power, and thereby improve vehicle performance in terms of efficiency, acceleration, and driving range. Index Terms--Electric gearshift, electric vehicle (EV), energy-management system, ultracapacitor, wheel motor.

Various health risk assessment models have been developed to evaluate occupational pesticide exposure in China. However, there has been limited investigation into the relationship between health risks and pesticide spraying in orchards. In this study, we analyzed pesticide exposure of applicators while spraying with a stretcher-mounted sprayer in orchards located in four different climatic regions. All garments’ unit exposure (UE) demonstrated a right-skewed distribution, with gloves and shins accounting for the highest proportion of dermal pesticide exposure. We observed little difference in dermal and inhalation UE levels between apple and citrus orchards, except for pesticide exposure levels on wipes and faces. While 57% of the inhalation UE distribution variance was attributed to clustering and location effects, no significant differences were observed in dermal exposure levels. We evaluated the impact of different levels of protective clothing on pesticide exposure levels, according to applicators' working habits in China. Our findings revealed that improved levels of protection significantly reduced dermal exposure to pesticides, particularly when wearing gloves during spraying with a stretcher-mounted sprayer. Based on our empirical data, we utilized a simple random sampling model and an intercept-only lognormal mixed model to estimate dermal and inhalation exposure levels. The estimated dermal UE was accurate to within 3-fold with 95% confidence, and half of the estimated inhalation UE was acceptable according to the fold relative accuracy (fRA). Our established and verified statistics for dermal and inhalation UE can be utilized to evaluate the potential pesticide exposure to applicators during spraying in orchards with a stretcher-mounted sprayer.

ObjectiveTo analyze the community structure and dynamics of parasitic fleas on the body surface of host animals and nested fleas in different seasons in the natural foci of wild rat plague in Yulong County，Yunnan Province， to explore the relationship between seasonal fluctuation of fleas and the prevalence of plague among animals， so as to provide evidence for plague prevention and control in the natural foci.MethodsNanxi Village， Huangshan Town， the core area of plague epidemic in Yulong County， was selected as the monitoring sample area in December 2019 （winter）， August 2020（summer）， October 2020（autumn） and March 2021（spring）. Host animals were captured by rattrap at night and rat nests were excavated for collecting parasitic fleas on host animals and rat nest fleas in different seasons. Excel 2010 and SPSS 26.0 software were used to analyze the data， and Chi square test was used to compare the rate. Community ecological indicators were used to analyze the community structure and species diversity of the host animals and their parasitic fleas.ResultsA total of 355 vector fleas were captured， belonging to 7 species of 5 genera in 2 families. 441 small animals were captured and 138 rat body fleas were detected with the flea infection rate of 14.51% and the flea index 0.31. 96 effective rat holes were excavated and 217 fleas were detected with the flea infection rate of 35.42% and the flea index 2.26. Among the four seasons， the flea infection rates of rat body and rat nests were higher in summer and winter， showing a significant difference in general （χ2=15.851， P

A novel electric gearshift with ultracapacitors is designed for the power train of a directly driven electric vehicle. The power train consists of two major subsystems: electric propulsion and energy source. The electric propulsion subsystem is composed of a dedicated wheel motor and its drive; the energy source subsystem is equipped with a stack of lead-acid batteries and ultracapacitor cells. This electric gearshift combines different parallel and serial connections of batteries, motor windings, and ultracapacitors to accommodate various driving patterns in the permissible range of speed and torque. A control core, which is realized by a field-programmable gate array, is employed to manage the energy source and direct optimal propulsion to extend the speed range of constant power, and thereby improve vehicle performance in terms of efficiency, acceleration, and driving range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]