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In many countries, informal economies have been successfully managed, and effective plans, mechanisms, and procedures have been implemented to include these activities in urban areas. In Egypt, there is a wide gap between this goal and the competence of the different applied mechanisms in dealing with informal markets, economies, and its activities. This paper aims to propose policies and mechanisms that shall guide the planning process in Egypt, by amending the shortcomings in the currently implemented mechanisms and understanding the reasons for their emergence and their spatial arrangement. The research hence includes analysis for problem evolution and investigates successful policies and mechanisms in selected countries (India, China, and Algeria) in an attempt to highlight their shortcomings and potential amendments. These mechanisms will be tested through a structured interviews with Egyptian stakeholders comprising experts in planning, economy and decision makers, and in the light of the interviews results and outcomes this paper will present a list of proposed mechanisms. A comparative analysis has shown that Prospective mechanisms and policies will include legislative, planning, design, financial, management, and control mechanisms that if coherently combined can help integrating the informal economy in Egypt to achieve a successful inclusion and preventing problems related to these markets in urban areas and better regulate of these areas in future cities planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cockroaches are resilient insects that thrive in various environments, including public markets. These creatures can act as mechanical vectors for intestinal helminths, posing a risk to human health. This study aimed to identify and measure the infestation rate of intestinal helminths in cockroaches from Bankerohan Public Market and Agdao Public Market in Davao City. Cockroaches were collected using specialized traps via the "catch-and-release" method, and the presence of intestinal parasites on their external surfaces was determined. The study found that cockroaches from both markets harbored Hookworm and Ascaris lumbricoides, with Ascaris lumbricoides having the highest frequency and infestation rate among the entire population of cockroaches gathered from both markets. The infestation rate of Ascaris lumbricoides was higher in the Bankerohan public market compared to the Agdao public market; however, the findings reveal that there is no correlation between the frequency of the parasites and the public market studied, indicating that the occurrence of the parasites cannot be attributed to the location of the public markets. The study highlights the need for improved sanitation practices and awareness to control parasite transmission through cockroaches, which can serve as vectors for these pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fruit and vegetable sector produce waste significantly, causing social, environmental, and economic loss. Thus, a study was conducted at Pasig Mega Market, Pasig City to describe the fruit and vegetable vendors' waste management practices. Vendors and government employees participated in focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Results showed an average of 100-200 kilograms of waste were collected in the market daily, with leafy vegetables, watermelon, melon, and saba as common types. Focus group discussions revealed that discounted prices for suboptimal items, quality assurance methods, adherence to First-In-First-Out principles, and marketing strategies were the vendors' efforts to reduce waste. The identified approaches in handling wastes were, giving them as animal feed, creating alternative products, and returning damaged products to suppliers. Key informant interviews disclosed that the local government and market administration practices in waste management were composting and donation as animal feed for the local zoo. Moreover, it revealed improvement in the management of implementing the ordinances. Problems encountered were focused on supplier issues, weather, market competition, and consumer preferences. Overall, their waste management reduces food waste disposed of in landfills. Recommended strategies for vendors and administration are valorizing food waste, organizing awareness and livelihood programs, and conducting regular evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to examine the role of architecture in social production and consumption of space, using public markets -architectural artifacts with rich social contents-as cases. This research adopts Low's (2017) concept of social production of space and Dovey's (2010) social constructivism of place to uncover the social production and consumption of public markets' space. Cihapit and Pamoyanan market in Bandung, Indonesia, are selected as research cases, due to their cultural contents, appealing to consumers from middle to upper class society. It is found several roles of architecture in social production and consumption of public market space: building typology and morphology signifies historical context of development; architectural buildings contributes to formalize trading activities and elevating social class of market traders; commodities zoning is organized based on functional and socio-historical consideration; spatial intensity is determined by access and commodities zoning; informal atmosphere emerges as a distinctive advantage of public markets; and spatial quality is relative depends on governance capacity. Although normative criteria for good design can be formulated, in practice, spatial quality of public market is relative and depends on its capacity for spatial governmentality. By exploring social production and consumption of space and place provides broader perspective on the social practices of architecture, emphasizing its contribution for social and humanity studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to examine the role of architecture in social production and consumption of space, using public markets –architectural artifacts with rich social contents– as cases. This research adopts Low’s (2017) concept of social production of space and Dovey’s (2010) social constructivism of place to uncover the social production and consumption of public markets’ space. Cihapit and Pamoyanan market in Bandung, Indonesia, are selected as research cases, due to their cultural contents, appealing to consumers from middle to upper class society. It is found several roles of architecture in social production and consumption of public market space: building typology and morphology signifies historical context of development; architectural buildings contributes to formalize trading activities and elevating social class of market traders; commodities zoning is organized based on functional and socio-historical consideration; spatial intensity is determined by access and commodities zoning; informal atmosphere emerges as a distinctive advantage of public markets; and spatial quality is relative depends on governance capacity. Although normative criteria for good design can be formulated, in practice, spatial quality of public market is relative and depends on its capacity for spatial governmentality. By exploring social production and consumption of space and place provides broader perspective on the social practices of architecture, emphasizing its contribution for social and humanity studies.

Urban regeneration has been an accepted strategy for reviving cities around the globe for decades. In Egypt, the local government in Cairo has launched many regeneration projects: mainly focusing on the formalisation and relocation of street vendors to new public markets. This research tackles the relationship between the design of alternative public markets and the behaviours and needs of street vendors. Six cases in Cairo city, Egypt (El Tunisi, Kasr El Nile, El Turjuman, Ahmed Helmy, Toshka and Ain Helwan, and Misr Street) are analysed using various methods such as observation, surveys, questionnaires and group discussions. The aim is to investigate the reasons behind the failure of alternative markets in Cairo city over the past few years. The results show that unprofitable locations was one crucial factor that led to the rejection of enclosed public markets. Additionally, it was found that the needs of street vendors were not taken into account in the urban design, which provoked street vendors to abandon the alternative markets and strive to fulfil their unsatisfied needs. Another issue is the lack of a strategy to encourage street vendors to participate in the relocation process, which has resulted in vendors abandoning new markets, leading to more economic losses. The research presents a new perspective regarding planning and designing such vital public market spaces that serve a broad sector of the Egyptian community, in an effort to prevent the growth of the informal sector and to ensure the sustainability of regeneration efforts in these markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant proportion of post-harvest loss of agricultural produce is experienced in Ethiopia, especially in perishable horticultural commodities like fruits (mango, banana, papaya, avocado, sweet orange) and vegetables. Postharvest diseases derived from biotic sources such as microbial pathogens, or physiological disorders caused by abiotic sources contribute to shortening the postharvest life of the avocados, leading to loss in fruit quality. This study aimed to assess post-harvest losses and identify post-harvest pathogens associated with the decay of avocado fruits in Hossana town shops and a market which opens once a week. Random sampling method was used to select shops for survey and sample collection. Avocado fruits with different damage levels and disease symptoms were collected from 14 shops and the Hossana Market, packed using cartons then transported to the laboratory. A survey was conducted in selected shops and the market and identification of disease-causing pathogens was done through incubation of the samples taken from different parts of the fruits using potato dextrose agar (PDA) for seven days. Data was analyzed using SPSS, statistical software. Results from the survey revealed that postharvest loss of avocado varies across different postharvest handling stages and the highest loss was recorded during storage (40%) followed by harvesting (26.7%). The most mechanical damage was observed in the MS shop (100%) followed by the HM (83.3%). This may be due to poor harvesting practices: unsuitable field or marketing containers and crates, which may have fractured wood, sharp edges, poor nailing or stapling. Disease incidence assessment showed that in three shops (AD2, MN2 and MS), 100% of fruits were infected. The highest disease severity index rated as 5 (>75%) was also observed in the same three shops (AD2, MN2 and MS) and the HM, followed by 3 shops (AD3, GM3 and NR) rated as 4 (51-75%). A total of 82 fungal colony growths were observed with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides being the most frequently isolated species (60 %) followed by Fusarium spp (26.67 %). Appropriate post-harvest handling technology and disease management strategy should be implemented from farm to fork to reduce post-harvest losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pixo: Revista de Arquitetura Cidade e Contemporaneidade is the property of Pixo Revista de Arquitetura Cidade e Contemporaneidade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Following Italian unification, a sea port construction began in Bosa, a river city on the west coast of Sardinia. The project was promoted as a promise for city improvement and prosperity, but ultimately resulted in failure and as a source of debt. This paper examines the rising Liberal State of Italia through the study of this building project, seeking to understand whether there were already signs of fragility from the outset.

The article exposes the environment, the commercial and supply dynamics of the public market of Barranquilla between 1870 and 1930. In addition, the local socio-spatial concept of Triangulación comercial is proposed and developed, which seeks to explain the articulation of an environment made up of different physical spaces and close, but together they formed an intense commercial dynamic. Although, it did not conceive completely modern ideals, it allowed endowing this population with a synergic commercial framework that conveniently resolved commercialization and attended to the collection of taxes.

Anti-competitive activities, like bid-rigging, undermine the main objectives of public procurement, such as value for money and efficiency in the procurement process. The magnitude of the problem in Europe is demonstrated by the frequency of bid-rigging cases. As it has already been underlined in the literature, bid-rigging may arise particularly in the context of framework agreements, which are constantly gaining ground in public procurement and are rather popular in Nothern Europe. In light of the framework agreements' popularity in Europe and their vulnerability to collusion, this article identifies the elements of a framework agreement that make coordination feasible and bid-rigging attractive to the suppliers admitted to the framework agreement. This article also makes a number of suggestions for preventing the problem of collusion in framework agreements, with the aim of introducing new design features that will significantly reduce the scope for collusive outcomes within the procurement function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of HiSTOReLo: Revista de Historia Regional y Local is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Centro Editorial Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Salmonella spp. is a major food-borne bacterial pathogen, with chicken meat and egg products being the main reservoirs of infection to humans. In this study, a total of 2,040 chicken eggs were randomly collected from the major public wet markets of the 17 municipalities and cities of Metro Manila, Philippines to determine the level and distribution of Salmonella spp. in chicken eggs in the region. Of the 102 pooled egg samples (20 eggs/pool) tested, no Salmonellae were isolated from internal egg contents while 13 pooled shell egg samples were Salmonella-positive, yielding an egg isolation rate of 1.27-25.49%. Salmonella-positive samples were obtained from 11 of the 17 public wet markets examined. Based on egg sizes, isolation rates of 0.29-5.88% (small), 2.64-52.94% (medium) and 0.88-17.65% (large) shell eggs were observed. Genetic characterization using panels of multiplex PCR assays showed that the major serogroups detected were B (23.08%), C1 (15.38%), C2 (15.38%) and E1 (7.69%). The most prevalent serovars identified were S. Mbandaka S. Braenderup, S. Anatum, S. Heidelburg, S. Paratyphi B and S. Livingstone (7.69%); and S. Newport (15.38%). Data on Salmonella contamination in the Philippines will be valuable in benchmarking studies and formulation of more efficient strategies to improve the quality and safety of local egg products for domestic consumption, food processing and exports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Caravelle: Cahiers du Monde Hispanique et Luso-Bresilien is the property of Presses Universitaires du Mirail and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The public market is a phenomenon that shows how socio-cultural relationships are constructed through economic activities. The modern development of Indonesia has marginalized the public market; lack of proper management caused public markets to turn into slums and dirty places that were unable to compete with modern retail businesses. In the 2000s, however, the Indonesian government started a public market revitalization program, recognizing its important role as 'a house of economy and culture' for Indonesian society. This paper evaluates two successfully revitalized public markets and their role as economic and socio-cultural places. Two cities, Surakarta and Bandung, were chosen as cases studies because they use different approaches of revitalization: the one a socio-cultural approach and the other an economic approach. It was found that the role of the public market as an economic place is determined by an intensive and/or extensive increase of its economic activities. Meanwhile, the public market as a socio-cultural place was evaluated by its role as a gathering place and symbolic representation of society. It was found that the role of the public market as an economic place is constituted mutually with its role as a socio-cultural place. The public market is an inclusive economic place because it provides affordable space and goods and is developed by social relationships among traders and consumers. This evaluation can contribute to guiding public market revitalization policy and develop further studies about the mutual relation between built environment and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Patrimônio e Memória is the property of Centro de Documentacao e Apoio a Pesquisa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)