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The present study showed the usage of ionic liquids as anti-wear additives for greases. New pyridinium-based ionic liquids bearing long alkyl chains were prepared and evaluated as wear-reducing additives in calcium sulfonate greases. The physical properties of the synthetic ionic liquids were identified. The obtained liquids were then added to greases at a concentration of 2 wt. %. The tribological performance of the greases was measured by using a standard benchtop test ASTM D2266. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the introduction of ionic liquids into polyalkylene glycol (PAG)-based calcium sulfonate grease has a positive effect on anti-wear properties since the wear decreases by several orders of magnitude. The interoperability of the synthetic ionic liquids with the calcium sulfonate greases and its potential influence upon solubility and tribological performance are tentatively proposed to be a result of the molecular structure.

Prodrug bipharmacophore anti-inflammatory compounds based on pyridoxine and ketorolac were synthesized. A new laboratory method was developed to achieve > 98 % purity of these compounds, without the use of column chromatography. Compared to ketorolac tromethamine, which is the most potent non-opioid analgesic, both compounds exhibited lower toxicity (LD50 > 2000 mg/kg), while maintaining comparable analgesic efficacy in a model of acute thermal pain response.

Introduction. The complicated system of characteristic interaction between the Driver-Car-Road-Environment (DCRE) is the research subject for the scientists around the world. If we explain the patterns of phenomena present during road accidents, we will be able to model some transport processes. To do this, we need to consider a large number of characteristics, dividing them into static and dynamic. Particular attention is paid to the latter, due to the instability of the features. This category includes traffic flow intensity and weather conditions. There are a lot of methods for increasing the accuracy of predictive models, but this method has been used for the first time. Logicaland statistical validity of the selection automation of interval rages are the main feature of this method. This is necessary not only for grouping features, but also for increasing their value in a joint analysis. For example, for the intensity of traffic flows the index number can be 100 vehicles/hour (0-100, 101-200, 201-300, etc.), but it will not be effective from a prognostic point of view for the temperature interval index of 5°C (-25 - -20, -19 -15, -14 - 10,etc.). Accordingly, the goal of the work was to determine the effective forecasting of the interval’s width of traffic flow intensity (dependent feature) and weather conditions (independent features). Materials and methods. This work is a continuation of a large project on improving road traffic safety, in which similar studies have already been conducted to determine the effective interval coefficients using Spearman’s rank correlation. The values at which temperature regimes (air, soil and dew point) best describe the intensity of the traffic flow were established. For a comprehensive characterization, additional analysis was necessary to conduct of the remaining independent features. New algorithmic structures were created using the Python programming language, in which the established feature interval ranges were sequentially compared in such a way as to process all possible combinations. Each result was subjected to correlation analysis, and the probability of error was calculated. Results. As a result of the experimental selection of interval ranges, the most effective of them were determined. The selection criterion was the subsequent correlation analysis. The coefficient values greater than 0.7 or less than -0.7 were accepted. The probability of error was also calculated, and values less than 0.05 were accepted. Thus, a large number of combinations were obtained that meet the necessary conditions. Further, for each feature, the interval width was selected at which it is more often intersected with others, and in the case of the same number of intersections, it is the smallest of them. Conclusion. As a result, effective interval widths were determined in which the investigated features had been analyzed. This study in subsequent works contributed to the high-quality training of the model using the deep learning method. Thanks to this research, a program to predict the intensity of the traffic flow, depending on weather conditions with using neural networks was created.

Currently, gouty arthritis is considered as a polygenic multifactorial autoinflammatory disease caused by activation of the NOD (nucleotide-binding domain) -like protein receptor 3 inflammasome NLRP3. The two cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 are considered important biomarkers of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. However, usually the concentration of IL-1β in donor sera is extremely low and found to be at the limit of detection level (1-3 pg/ml), while the concentration of circulating cytokine IL-18 in the sera of individual donors varies greatly. This results in difficulty using these biomarkers in the diagnosis of autoinflammatory diseases. We hypothesized that the patient’s blood cells which were sensitized in vivo to the presence of specific factors characteristic of autoinflammatory diseases, in particular, gouty arthritis, would produce increased amounts of the inflammasome-regulated cytokines compared to blood cells obtained from healthy donors. A comparison of the IL-18 cytokine in healthy donors and patients with gouty arthritis was carried out using 2 methods: a) by traditional analysis of the level of serum circulated IL-18 and b) by using a cell-based Hemoassay in vitro developed at the research institute “Biotech” SamGMU. The comparative analysis demonstrated the advantages of using an in vitro cell-based Hemoassay to assess the IL-18 cytokine status of patients. Serum IL-18 values varied widely and showed no significant difference between donors and patients with gouty arthritis. Using the developed cell-based Hemoassay in vitro, significant quantitative differences in the production of the inflammatory cytokine IL-18 produced by blood cells of potentially healthy donors and patients with gouty arthritis were detected. Blood cells of individual patients, sensitized in vivo with specific factors characteristic of gouty arthritis, produce increased concentrations of IL-18 in the cell growth medium in vitro compared to cells from healthy donors. Thus, the in vitro cell-based Hemoassay can be used for a more accurate assessment of the cytokine status of patients.

Molecular targets for a promising antitumor agent based on trans-stilbene containing a pyridoxine fragment were identified. The lead compound, (E)-6-(3,4-dimethoxystyryl)-2,2,5,8-tetramethyl-4H-[1,3] dioxino[4,5-c]pyridine, was found to selectively induce apoptosis in MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells overexpressing estrogen receptor, but not in MDA-MB-231 cells negative for estrogen receptor. The mechanism by which the novel trans-stilbene derivative acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator was analyzed, and the affinity for human estrogen receptor α (ERα) was assessed by fluorescence polarization. Unlike its structural analogs—tamoxifen and raloxifene, the lead compound showed no affinity for ERα and did not form complexes with it. Therefore, it was concluded that the selective action of the pyridoxine-containing derivative of trans-stilbene on estrogen-positive breast cancer cells occurs through an alternative mechanism. The EC50 values for the displacement of the fluorescent ligand from the ERα active site were 22, 120, and 595 nM for estradiol, raloxifene, and tamoxifen, respectively.

Background: Complex graft bioengineering is an actual topic in bone defects’ repair. For those, different scaffolds may be seeded with mesenchymal stromal cells and growth / differentiation factors. The natural role of platelet factors in reparative processes justifies the possibility of its usage for mesenchymal stromal cell proliferation and differentiation into osteoblasts in vitro in terms of the scaffold-based bioengineering. To develop and evaluate in vitro biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of a complex biograft based on a bioorganic scaffold seeded with human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells and saturated with growth and differentiation factors of allogeneic platelet-rich plasma. Results: The properties of viability and adhesion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in four types of bioorganic scaffolds were evaluated with biochemical and immunomorphological methods. Scaffold with the least cytotoxicity was used as a basis for complex biograft formation, so as a carrier for cells and platelet-derived factors. Then, cell proliferation activity and osteogenic differentiation were estimated with biochemical, morphological, histochemical and molecular-biological methods. The study showed high viability of cells in all bioorganic scaffolds but the least cytotoxicity was the one based on xenogeneic collagen sponge. We also found that allogeneic platelet-rich plasma positively affects the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in a complex biograft in vitro. Conclusions: The properties of the developed complex biograft characterize its biocompatibility and osteoconductivity and make it potentially suitable for regenerative medicine, particularly for reconstructive surgery of bone defects.How to cite: Danilkovich NN, Kosmacheva SM, Ionova AG, et al. Formation of osteoconductive biograft with bioorganic scaffold, human mesenchymal stromal cells, and platelet rich plasma with its evaluationin vitro. Electron J Biotechnol 2024;69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2024.01.004.

Aim– to develop anin vitromethod for assessing the activity of the inflammasome under conditions of hyperuricemic stimulation of inflammatory interleukins. Material and methods.Whole blood cells of donors and patients with hyperuricemia and exacerbation of gouty arthritis diluted with RPMI were culturedin vitroin the presence of different concentrations of uric acid. The production of cytokines in the cell growth media of hematopoietic cells stimulated with uric acid was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results.By simulating the hyperuricemiain vivo, anin vitrocell-based bioassay was developed to stimulate blood cells of individual donors with uric acid. Using the developedin vitroHyperuricemia-hemotest bioassay, quantitative differences were found in the production of inflammatory cytokines by the blood cells of potentially healthy donors and patients with hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis. Conclusion.As a new approach in personalized diagnostics, a hyperuricemic (HU)-hemotest system was developed, which can serve as anin vitrocell model for studying the activation of inflammasome by inflammatory signaling molecules in gouty arthritis.

When operating automated traffic control systems and their transformation into intelligent transport systems, modern requirements are imposed on the overall parameter safety, which characterizes the quality and efficiency of road traffic, especially when organizing high-speed loaded traffic of motor vehicles. The article discusses the use of various mathematical methods for these purposes when modeling transport processes and systems, including taking into account the development of artificial intelligence algorithms, so that when making decisions on traffic control, one can have reliable forecast indicators obtained from adequate models. A comparison of the models is made and recommendations are given on their applicability and the results obtained for traffic management purposes.

There exist different variants of organizing the closure of nuclear fuel cycle (CNFC) depending on fast reactor type, fuel types, station or centralized allocation of closed nuclear fuel cycle stages. One of the ways to verify and estimate engineering solution is mathematical modeling of radiochemical technology which in the end will allow to optimize composite technological process in order to increase effectiveness and reduce cost. In order to calculate the balance of material flows of process circuits and individual production sections in the stationary and dynamic modes, with taking into account the isotopic composition evolution, a software package VIZART (Virtual Plant of Radiochemical Technologies) was developed, allowing the user to assemble the required sequence of operations for any part of the process scheme and perform the calculation of material balance for all flows of the circuit, as well as to optimize the equipment operating modes and provide the necessary data to justify the safety of certain limits and the entire process circuit. The following capabilities of code VIZART for computational substantiation of CNFC technology design and characteristics are considered: material balance calculation, cyclogram creation, determination of the most loaded parts of processing lines, estimation of fissile materials accumulating in devices and intermediate vessels, optimization of productivity of nodes and devices.

Introduction. The prerequisite for the study of the problem was the Strategy for the spatial development of the country for the period until 2024, proposed by the President of the Russian Federation, the basis of which is transport infrastructure by mode of transport, ensuring the connectivity of settlements, requiring phased modernization, personnel, technical and technological support, digitalization and integration into one ecosystem of digital services both for individual modes of transport and in aggregate as a ‘single window’ for the state and business for all transportation. The subject of the research was the digital transformation of the transport sector using the example of the automobile and road complex as the most in demand and, in our opinion, receptive to the digital economy.Materials and methods. Currently, compatibility, coordination and interaction of various modes of transport are becoming important when performing multimodal transportation of goods and passengers using digital technologies and platform solutions. In other words, a unified digital platform of the transport complex must be created, which is a systemic basis for information interactions and unites all current and planned information and digital solutions based on agreed principles, rules and standardsResults. The incomplete list of objects of digital transformation given in the article, due to its wide variety of systems necessary for use in transport, indicates its scale and adaptation to the needs of transport of existing achievements and new technical solutions in various fields. At the current stage, in order to solve the current problems, cooperation of industry scientific organizations is required, taking into account the main directions of their activities, current scientific, technical and personnel potential, integration with institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences, scientific, design organizations and industrial enterprises of advanced high-tech and knowledge-intensive industries, with international scientific research. community.Conclusion. The methods and activities proposed in the article will ensure maximum efficiency and unity of the basic principles of the functioning and development of mobility systems in all regions and cities of the Russian Federation, will ensure an accelerated transition to the digital economy and the achievement of technological sovereignty of our country.

Incident detection algorithms from an automation point of view can be divided into two categories: automatic and non-automatic incident detection. Automatic algorithms refer to those algorithms that automatically identify an incident based on traffic flow data received from traffic detectors. Manual algorithms or procedures rely on reports from human witnesses. Based on functional characteristics, incident detection algorithms are divided into algorithms for highways and algorithms for street networks. Based on data acquisition methods, incident detection algorithms are divided into three groups: algorithms using data from stationary vehicle detectors (inductive loops, radars, video cameras, etc.); algorithms using mobile sensors (Bluetooth, wi-fi RFID, GPS, Glonass sensors, toll system transponders, etc.). algorithms that use information from drivers (GSM communications, navigation services, Internet applications, etc.). This article discusses algorithms that use data from stationary vehicle detectors. The disadvantages of incident detection algorithms using stationary transport detectors include: the need to install and operate transport detectors (inductive, video, etc.) leads to interference with traffi fl and sometimes to temporary closure of traffic The location of installation of vehicle detectors, the frequency of their installation and the number are critical from the point of view of detecting an incident on a particular section of the highway. However, it is extremely labor and capital-intensive to install stationary detectors along the entire length of the highway. Also, inductive vehicle detectors, which are mainly used to determine the parameters of traffic flow on highways, are unreliable and often fail, which makes it ineffective to detect incidents on a particular section of the road. The advantages of the algorithms under consideration include their proven reliability and accuracy in identifying incidents over decades, which is their undoubted advantage over algorithms that use mobile sensors or information from drivers.