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Due to their small size and smooth body, members of the figitid genus Alloxysta can be notoriously difficult to identify based on morphology alone. Moreover, several species are suspected to contain brachypterous variants that previously have been described under separate names. We used gene sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI, DNA barcodes) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) to investigate the relationships between species within the genus. Our results show that there is considerably more intraspecific variation in COI than in ITS2, but that both markers can be used to identify potential synonyms of brachypterous and fully winged species. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses of a concatenated dataset of both markers resulted in similar and fairly well supported phylogenies that indicate genetic divergence not matching morphological species boundaries for some groups. Some of the discrepancies can be explained by infections of the endosymbiont Wolbachia, here reported from the first time in Alloxysta and Charipinae. This study also presents the first records of A. arcuata, A. basimacula, A. brachycera, A. brachyptera, A. brevis, A. citripes, A. consobrina, A. curta, A. fracticornis, A. halterata, A. marshalliana, A. obscurata, A. proxima, A. pusilla, A. ramulifera and A. xanthopa from Norway. Charipinae, Alloxysta, phylogeny, DNA barcodes, COI, ITS2, brachyptery, Wolbachia. Nuclear and mitochondrial markers suggest new species boundaries in Alloxysta (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae) © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2018

The genus Odontocynips Kieffer, 1910 (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) is recorded for the first time in Panama, including two species, O. championi (Cameron) and O. hansoni Pujade-Villar, that induce galls on Quercus bumelioides Liebm. and Q. lancifolia Schledl & Cham. (Fagaceae, sect. Quercus, White Oaks), respectively. Odontocynips championi (Cameron, 1833), originally described as Cynips championi Cameron based solely on galls, is redescribed including the first description of the adults, a neotype is designated and a new combination is established. The known distribution and host range of O. hansoni, recorded earlier from Costa Rica, are also expanded upon.Se cita por primera vez para Panamá el género Odontocynips Kieffer, 1910 (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini), incluyendo dos especies: Odontocynips championi (Cameron) y O. hansoni Pujade-Villar, que inducen agallas en Quercus bumelioides Liebm. y Q. lancifolia Schledl & Cham. (Fagaceae, sect. Quercus, robles blancos), respectivamente. Se redescribe Odontocynips championi (Cameron, 1833), descrita solo a partir de sus agallas como Cynips championi Cameron, se describen por primera vez los adultos, se designa un neotipo y se establece una nueva combinación taxonómica al transferirla al género Odontocynips. Por otra parte, se amplía la distribución geográfica y rango de hospedador de O. hansoni, previamente citada sólo de Costa Rica.

Aspicera singularica Ros-Farré & Pujade-Villar n. sp. (Figs 5a & b) Type material: (8♂ & 2♀). HOLOTYPE male (CNCI) 19/V/1959, Oliver, British Columbia, CANADA, E. E MacDougall leg., Ex. Betula; PARATYPES: (7♂ & 2♀) CANADA: 1♂ (CNCI) 4/VI/1956, Manyberries Alberta, O. Peck leg.; 1♂ (CNCI) 2/VI/1938, Brooks, Alberta, R. W. Salt leg., Host of Alfalfa; 2♂ (UB) 9/VI/1955, Westbank, British Columbia, G.L. Ayre leg., Nest 16 Foraging area; USA: 1♂ (CAS) 2/IV/1956, S. Bullhead City Arizona, F. Werner & G. Butler leg., Swept alfalfa; 2 ♂ (CNCI) 10/V/1955, Apple Valley, California, W. R. Richards leg.; 1♀ (CAS) 29/V-2/VI/1937, Wash. WallaWalla Co. Washington, R. M. & G. E. Bohart Coll.; 1♀ (UB) 17/V/1958, Grand Coulee Dam. Washngton, W. A. Howden. Diagnosis. Aspicera singularica can be easily recognized because is the only species together with A. clarimontis with sharp rugose sculpture on scutellum, lacking longitudinal carinae. Both species can be easily distinguished because scutellar pits are present in A. singularica but absent in A. clarimontis, and by the scutum, coarsely coriaceous in A. singularica and finely coriaceous in A. clarimontis. The scutellar spine is shorter in A. clarimontis than in A. singularica. Description Length. Male 3.4–4.0 mm.; female 3.6–4.5 mm. Coloration. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Scape and pedicellum black, flagellomeres darkish brown. Tibia and trocanter dark brown, remaining leg segments medium brown. Wing veins light brown. Head. Frons with rugae, alutaceous to coriaceous, sometimes with punctate sculpture. Lateral frontal carinae sharp, rather curved, area between lateral frontal carinae and compound eye with transverse carinae. Occipital carina rounded behind dorsal 1/3 of compound eye. Gena not expanded, coriaceous, with very sharp transverse carinae. Vertex not incised, alutaceous, rugose, sometimes punctate. Ocelli weakly prominent. Occiput shiny, alutaceous to coriaceous, with sharp longitudinal carinae on dorsal 1/3, transverse carinae on basal 2/3. Antenna. MALE. Filiform. F1 clearly excavated. Antennal formula: 5(3): 1.5(2.5): 6(2.5): 6(2): 5(2): 5(2): 5(2): 5(2): 4.5(2): 4.5(2): 4.5(2): 4.5(2): 4(2): 8(2). FEMALE. Antennal formula: 4.5(3): 2(2): 5(2): 4(2): 4(2): 4.5(2): 4(2): 4(2): 4(2): 4(2): 4(2): 4(2): 8(2). Mesosoma. MALE. Lateral surface of pronotum coriaceous, sometimes weakly rugose. Subpronotal plate not projected, dorsal margin pubescent. Scutum sharply coriaceous, sometimes with weak transverse carinae that can be stronger near posterior margin. Lateral line incomplete, present on basal 2/3, antero-admedian lines weak or medium impressed, reaching 1/3–1/2 scutum length, parallel. Medial mesoscutal line sharply impressed. Notauli and median mesoscutal furrow with transverse carinae. Area between notauli not prominent in lateral view. Parascutal sulcus wider from basis to anterior end of notauli, sharply narrow to anterior margin of notauli, smooth, sharply pubescent. Mesopleuron with oblique carinae and punctate on anterior 1/3, smooth posteriorly. Scutellum 0.85–1.1 times scutum length, sometimes emarginate. Scutellar foveae transversely oval, shiny, deep, sharp to weakly carinate, carinae transverse anteriorly, longitudinal posteriorly, scutellar pits quite deep. Interfoveal carina continuing along scutellar disc to end of scutellar spine, sinuous posteriorly. Scutellar disc swollen posterior to scutellar foveae, sharply rugose, alutaceous, very slightly sloping towards basis of scutellar spine in lateral view. Scutellar spine 0.42–0.55 times length of scutellar disc, rugose, narrow, straight in lateral view. FEMALE. Scutellum 0.85–1.1 times scutum length. Scutellar spine 0.38–0.46 times length of scutellar disc. Wing. MALE. Wing membrane hyaline. Radial cell 2.0–2.1 longer than wide. Wing pubescence reduced. Marginal pubescence only conspicuous on basal margin of wing. R 1 rather short. R 2 almost straight, sometimes slightly curved near dorsal margin. FEMALE. Radial cell 2.1 times longer than wide. Derivatio nominis. The specific name refers to the singular scutellum of this species. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Nearctic: USA (Arizona, California and Washington) and Canada (British Columbia, Alberta)., Published as part of ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2013, Revision of the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) , pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3606 (1) on page 50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3606.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259487

Aspicera annae Ros-Farré & Pujade-Villar n. sp. (Figs 23a & b) Type material: (1♂). HOLOTYPE male (CNCI) 15/IV/1960, Niizamachi, Saitama, JAPAN, T. Hayasaka leg. Diagnosis. Aspicera annae belongs to the group of species with prominent interfoveal carina and lateral surface of pronotum without sharp transverse carinae. Aspicera annae is similar to A. martae but in A. annae occiput is rugose, area between notauli and end of median mesoscutal furrow is flat seen in profile while in A. martae occiput is coriaceous with some weak carinae, area between notauli and end of median mesoscutal furrow is prominent seen in lateral view. Description Length. Female 2.90 mm.; male unknown. Coloration. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Scape and pedicellum black, flagellomeres dark brown. Leg dark brown. Wing veins medium brown. Head. Frons coriaceous, dorsal half and central areas rugose. Lateral frontal carinae weakly curved, sharp. Area between compound eye and lateral frontal carinae without transverse carinae. Gena in lateral view rounded, not expanded, coriaceous, with small transverse carinae. Vertex weakly incised, coriaceous, with oblique carinae from lateral to central ocelli. Ocelli weakly prominent. Occiput coriaceous with rugose carinae on dorsal 1/3, behind ocelli, and few effaced and incomplete transverse carinae basally. Antenna. Filiform. Antennal formula: 6.5(5): 3(4): 12(4): 10(4): 10.5(4): 12(4): 10(4): 11(4): 9(4): 9(4): 9(4): 9(4): 9(4): 14(3) Mesosoma. Lateral surface of pronotum coriaceous, with a few weak transverse carinae. Subpronotal plate not projected, dorsal margin with few scattered setae. Scutum coriaceous. Lateral line complete, very conspicuous. Antero-admedian lines sharp, prominent, reaching 1/3–1/2 scutum length, slightly confluent; median ridge rather weak. Notauli smooth in some areas, coriaceous near margins. Median mesoscutal furrow smooth on basal 2/3, coriaceous on dorsal 1/3. Area between notauli not prominent in lateral view. Parascutal sulcus ending near anterior end of notauli, pubescent, alutaceous. Mesopleuron coriaceous, with some rugose carinae on ventral area and anterior 1/3, smooth on dorsoposterior area. Scutellum 1.10 times scutum length, emarginate. Scutellar foveae smooth, slightly deep and large, scutellar pits shallow. Interfoveal carina prominent and continuing along scutellar disc to middle of scutellar spine. Scutellar disc with weak and confluent longitudinal carinae, slightly convex, very slightly sloping towards basis of scutellar spine in lateral view. Scutellar spine 0.70 times length of scutellar disc, narrow, with fine longitudinal rugae, clearly directing downwards in lateral view. Wing. Wing membrane hyaline. Radial cell 2.20 times longer than wide. Wing pubescence not reduced. Marginal pubescence long. R 1 long. R 2 straight. Rs+M absent. Derivatio nominis. Dedicated to Anna Pujade i Vilageliu, daughter of the second author. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Eastern Palaearctic: Japan.

Aspicera belizini Ros-Farré & Pujade-Villar n. sp. (Figs 2a, 40a & b) Type material: (1♂). HOLOTYPE male (CAS) 22–23/III/ 1984 in Baja California Sur. Laguna Ojo de Liebre. 27º 45' N; 114º 10 W., MEXICO, J. Pulawski col. Diagnosis. Aspicera belizini is similar to A. magdae, both species having sharp longitudinal carinae on occiput, sharp transverse carinae on lateral surface of pronotum, scutellar disc convex in lateral view, and lateral line of scutum incomplete. They can be easily differentiated because A. belizini has smooth scutellar foveae with effaced scutellar pits, while in A. magdae scutellar foveae have oblique carinae and very deep scutellar pits. Lateral surface of pronotum is entirely carinate transversely in A. magdae, but only carinate dorsally and ventrally in A. belizini. Description Length. Male 3.5 mm.; female unknown. Coloration. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Scape and pedicellum dark brown, flagellomeres medium brown. Leg light brown. Head. Frons coriaceous, with some rugose sculpture. Lateral frontal carinae noticeable but not sharp, almost straight, slightly curved near antennal foramina. Area between compound eye and lateral frontal carinae without transverse carinae. Lateral facial carinae straight near antennal foramina, almost following same trajectory as lateral frontal carinae. Gena in lateral view rounded, not expanded, shiny, with sharp transverse carinae. Vertex slightly incised, with punctate sculpture. Ocelli slightly prominent. Occiput with some alutaceous sculpture and smooth areas, with very sharp and long longitudinal carinae on dorsal 1/3, noticeable transverse carinae on ventral 2/3. Antenna. Filiform. F1 weakly excavated. Antennal formula: 9(6): 4(5): 11(4.5): 11(5): 12(5): 12(5): 11.5(5): 11.5(5): 10(4.5): 10(4.5): 10(4.5): 10(4): 9(4): 16(4). Mesosoma. Lateral surface of pronotum coriaceous, with few weak transverse carinae. Subpronotal plate not projected, dorsal margin sparsely pubescent. Scutum coriaceous with sharp transverse carinae. Lateral line conspicuous, incomplete, absent on anterior 1/3. Antero-admedian lines coriaceous, reaching 1/2 scutum length, parallel; median ridge very conspicuous. Notauli smooth with sharp transverse carinae. Median mesoscutal sulcus with very weak transverse carinae. Area between notauli slightly prominent in lateral view. Parascutal sulcus ending near anterior end of notauli, smooth, pubescent anteriorly. Mesopleuron coriaceous, with small punctuation on anterior 1/4, carinate on ventral area and anterior 1/4, smooth on dorsoposterior area. Scutellum as long as scutum, weakly emarginate. Scutellar foveae smooth, scutellar pits very shallow. Interfoveal carina conspicuous on scutellar disc until beginning of scutellar spine, which is very narrow. Scutellar disc swollen posterior to scutellar foveae, sharply rugose, sloping towards basis of scutellar spine in lateral view. Scutellar spine 0.7 times length of scutellar disc, directing downwards in lateral view. Wing. Wing membrane hyaline. Radial cell 1.9 times longer than wide. Wing pubescence reduced. Marginal pubescence very short, only present on ventral margin. R 1 very short. R 2 slightly curved. Rs+M absent. Derivatio nominis. Dedicated to the great himenopterologist V.I. Belizin. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Nearctic: Mexico (Baja California)., Published as part of ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2013, Revision of the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) , pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3606 (1) on pages 16-17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3606.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259487

Aspicera punctifrons Ros-Farré & Pujade-Villar n. sp. (Figs 1e, 2d, 28a & b) Type material: (1♀). HOLOTYPE female (CNCI) 12–25/IX/1988, Louisa to 4m S. Cuckoo, Virginia, USA, MT. J. Klone & D. L. Smith leg. Diagnosis. Aspicera punctifrons belongs to the group of species with prominent interfoveal carina and lateral surface of pronotum lacking sharp transverse carinae. Aspicera punctifrons has flat scutellum, lateral frontal carinae are absent on dorsal ½, this area sharply punctate. This last character is unique in Aspicera. Description Length. Female 3.4 mm.; male unknown. Coloration. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Scape and pedicellum dark brown, flagellomeres medium brown. Leg medium to light brown. Wing veins only slightly pigmented. Head. Frons coriaceous, sharply punctate dorsally. Lateral frontal carinae curved, only present on ventral half. Area between compound eye and lateral frontal carinae coriaceous. Gena in lateral view rounded, not expanded, coriaceous, with sharp transverse carinae. Vertex not incised, rugose, coriaceous and punctate. Ocelli weakly prominent. Occiput coriaceous with thin and incomplete transverse carinae on basal 2/3 and with longitudinal carinae behind ocelli. Antenna. Filiform. Antennal formula: 8(6): 4(5): 11.5(4): 9(4.5): 9(4.5): 9(4.5): 9(4.5): 9(4.5): 8(4.5): 4(5): 8(5): 8(8):17(5) Mesosoma. Lateral surface of pronotum coriaceous. Subpronotal plate not projected, dorsal margin glabrous. Scutum coriaceous, with short transverse carinae. Lateral line incomplete, conspicuous on ventral half. Anteroadmedian lines sharp, prominent, reaching 1/3–1/2 scutum length, parallel; median ridge prominent. Notauli wide, smooth, with rather weak transverse carinae, median mesoscutal furrow smooth. Area between notauli not prominent. Parascutal sulcus pubescent anteriorly, alutaceous. Mesopleuron with oblique carinae and coriaceous on anterior 1/3, smooth posteriorly. Scutellum as long as scutum, clearly emarginate on posterior half. Scutellar foveae with effaced longitudinal carinae, rather deep, small compared to length of scutellar disc, scutellar pits shallow. Interfoveal carina continuing along scutellar disc to beginning of scutellar spine, strongly prominent, noticeable in lateral view. Scutellar disc flat, with very weak, almost effaced longitudinal carinae, coriaceous, rugose sculpture on posterior half, slightly sloping towards basis of scutellar spine in lateral view. Scutellar spine 0.6 times length of scutellar disc, quite thin, longitudinally striate, straight in lateral view. Wing. Wing membrane hyaline. Radial cell 2.1 times longer than wide. Wing pubescence reduced. Marginal pubescence absent. R 1 long. R 2 straight. Rs+M absent. Derivatio nominis. The specific name refers to the frons sharply punctate characteristic of this species. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Nearctic: USA (Virginia)., Published as part of ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2013, Revision of the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) , pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3606 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3606.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259487

Aspicera hartigi Dalla Torre, 1889 (Figs 2e, 17a & b) Figites spinosus Hartig 1843: 418 (err., non Boyer de Fonscolombe 1832) Onychia spinosa (Hartig) Giraud 1860: 159 Aspicera spinosa (Hartig) Reihard, 1860: 224 Aspicera hartigi Dalla Torre 1889: 221, new name for homonymy of Figites spinosus Hartig Aspicera brevispina Kieffer, 1901: 158, n. syn. Aspicera coriacea Kieffer, 1901: 159 n. syn. Type material of Figites spinosus: (1♀). LECTOTYPE female deposited in DEI, with the following labels: “spinosus m.”, (Hartig handwriten, white label) “Type Figites? niger Hartig” (white label); “ Lectotype Figites spinosus Hartig 1843, Ros-Farré desig. 2007” (red label); “ Aspicera hartigi Ros-Farré det 2007” (white label). Type material of Aspicera brevispina: (1♀). HOLOTYPE female deposited in MNHN-Paris, with the following labels: “ 20/III/1897, Casa de Gomis ” (handwritten, white label), ”4” (handwritten, white label), “ Aspicera brevispina m, Espagne ♀ ” (handwritten, white label), “HOLOTYPE” (handwritten, red label), “Museum Paris, 1957 Coll. Kieffer ” (white label), “ Aspicera brevispina K.” (white label), “ Aspicera hartigi Dalla Torre, 1889, det. P. Ros-Farré 2004” (white label). Additional material (37♂ & 11♀). CROATIA: 1♂ (NHM) 25/ V /1934, Dalmatia, Dubrovnik, Loznica, D. Aubertin leg., B. M. 1934-360; CYPRUS: 6♂ (NHM) 31-27- 23-17/ V /1934, Limassol, G. A. Mavromoustakis leg. B. M. 1935-55. 1♂ (NHM) 18/VIII/1934, Cherkes, G. A. Mavromoustakis leg., B. M. 1935-55; 1♂ (NHM) 20-21/ V /1952, Monl., G. A. Mavromoustakis leg, B. M. 1952-527; FRANCE: 1♀ (UB) 15/IX/1993, Hérault, St. Gulhem Désert, Les Lavagnes, 50m; G. Delvare leg. 1♀ (UB) 7/ V /1994, Hérault, Pégairolles, Buèges, Source de Bouèges, G. Delvare leg.; 1♂ (UB) 7–13/IV/1989, Hérault, Gabels, H. Tussac leg.; 1♂ (UB) 28/VIII/1988, Monieux, Vauclusse, 850m, G. Delvare leg.; 1♂ (UB) 20–30/ VI /1991, Hérault, Gabels, H. Tussac leg.; GRECE: 1♂ (NHM) 6/ VI /1971, Lutraki nr. Korint, M. Higginbotham leg.; IRAN: 1♂ (CAS) 11/VII/1966, Hamadän Dist., J. W. Macswain Col. Insect Survey.; 1♀ (CNCI) 29/VII/1978, Hamadän, J. T. Huber leg.; ITALY: 1♂ (UB) 28- VIII-2010, Illasi, Verona Azienda Trabucchi. Reared from larva of Paragus; D. Sommaggio leg; 6 ♂ (CNCI) 4/ VI /1997, Sicilly (SR) Penisda Magnisi, J. Pinto leg.; 1♂ (NHM) 27/VIII/1972, Lago, Bolsena, Boucek leg.; JORDAN: 2♂ (CNCI) 26–27/IV/1968, S. Jordan, Wadi Wala, J. & S. Klapperich leg.; SPAIN: 1♀ (UB) 28/VII/ 1989, Albacete, La Recueja; 1♀ (NHM) 2/VII/1974, Granada, La Herradura, Boucek leg.; 1♂ (UB) 30/IV/1987, Pitarque; 1♂ (UB) 15/ VI /1996, Andalucía, La Almudena, P. Ros-Farré leg.; 1♂ (UB) 25/ V /1998, Sa Roca, El Toro, Menorca, D. Ventura leg.; 1♀ (UB) 22/ V /1998, Menorca, Ciutadella Nord, M-10 C-2., D. Ventura leg.; 2♂ & 1♀ (UB) 16/ VI /1996, Los Molinos, Almeria, Andalucía, P. Ros-Farré leg.; 1♂ (UB Blasco-Zumeta leg) Monegros (nº 3259); 1♂ (UB Blasco-Zumeta leg) Monegros (nº 3332); 2♂ (NHM) 11/ VI /1973, Tarragona, Salou, Z. Boucek leg. B. M. 1973-312; 1♀ (UB) 19–25/ VI /1995, Catalunya, Vilassar de Dalt, D. Ventura leg.; TURKEY: 1♀ (MNHN-Paris) 1919, Angora (Ankara), 10/9. Coll. J. De Gaulle; 1♀ (NHM) 12/VII/1960, Ankara, Kavaklidere, 2700m, Gulchard & Harvey leg. B.M. 1960-364; 1♂ (NHM) 9/ VI /1959, Amasya, 1400ft, K. M. Gulchard. B.M.: 1960-62; 1♀ (NHM) 24/ VI /1962, Ankara, 20km. N of Sereflikochisar, 900m, Gulchard & Harvey leg., B.M. 1962-229; 1♂ (NHM) 18/VII/1959, Suluca, 2000m, K. M. Gulchard leg., B.M. 1960-62; 1♂ (NHM) 6/VIII/1960, Ankara, Kavaklidere, 2700m, Gulchard & Harvey leg. B.M. 1960-364; 1♂ (MNHN-Paris) 1919, Stambul, J. Degaulle coll. Diagnosis. Aspicera hartigi is similar to A. buffingtoni having scutellar foveae with, at least, two longitudinal carinae continuing along scutellar disc and having deep scutellar pits. In A. hartigi the scutum is transversely carinate while in A. buffingtoni it is coriaceous. Redescription Length. Male 2.1–3.5 mm; female 2.3–3.5 mm. Coloration. Type material and most specimens: head black. Scape and pedicellum black, flagellomeres medium to dark brown. Pronotum and mesosoma usually light to dark brown with variable darker areas, sometimes mostly black with small lighter areas. Mesopleuron black. Metasoma dark brown to black. Legs medium brown. In other specimens scutum entirely black or light brown, antennae light brown. Head. Frons coriaceous with weak to sharp rugose sculpture. Lateral frontal carinae curved, sinuous near ocelli. Area between compound eye and lateral frontal carinae with fine or medium impressed transverse carinae. Gena in lateral view rounded, not expanded, coriaceous, with transverse carinae. Vertex weakly incised or flat, coriaceous or shiny, with very sharp rugose sculpture. Ocelli slightly prominent. Occiput with fine transverse carinae basally, behind ocelli with longitudinal carinae; shiny or weakly coriaceous. Antenna. FEMALE. Slightly subclavate. Antennal formula: 9(4.5): 4(4): 8(3.5): 7(4): 8(4): 8(4): 7(4): 7(4.): 6(4.): 6(4): 7(4): 5(4): 13(4). MALE. Filiform. F1 sharply excavated. Antennal formula: 7(4): 3(3.5): 8(4): 7(4): 7(4): 7(4): 7.5(4): 7.5(4): 6.5(4): 7(4): 7(4): 6.5(3.5): 6.5(3.5): 9(3). Mesosoma. FEMALE. Lateral surface of pronotum coriaceous with sharp to weak rugose sculpture or with transverse carinae. Subpronotal plate not projected, dorsal margin with scattered setae. Scutum sharply coriaceous with transverse carinae rather sharp or dull. Lateral line conspicuous, incomplete. Antero-admedian lines alutaceous, reaching 1/3–1/2 scutum length, parallel, weaker or as impressed as median ridge. Notauli and median mesoscutal sulcus with transverse carinae variable in number. Area between notauli not prominent in lateral view. Parascutal sulcus ending near anterior end of notauli, smooth, pubescent anteriorly. Mesopleuron alutaceous, with oblique carinae on ventral area and anterior 1/3, smooth on dorsoposterior area. Scutellum 0.8–1.1 times scutum length, emarginate on posterior half. Scutellar foveae with longitudinal carinae continuing along scutellar disc, scutellar pits rather deep. Interfoveal carina conspicuous on scutellar disc, continuing at least to first 1/3 of scutellar spine. Scutellar disc swollen posterior to scutellar foveae, coriaceous, with clear longitudinal carinae, sometimes with rugose carinae between them, slightly to gradually sloping towards basis of scutellar spine in lateral view. Scutellar spine 0.33–0.65 times length of scutellar disc, rather narrow, with fine striae or coriaceous, straight in lateral view. MALE. Scutellum 0.9–1.1 times scutum length. Scutellar spine 0.4–0.65 times length of scutellar disc. Wing. Radial cell 1.70 to 2.50 longer than wide. Wing pubescence slightly reduced. Marginal pubescence short, sparce. R 1 long. R 2 curved. Rs+M absent. Biology. According to labels reared from larva of Paragus (Diptera: Syrphidae). Distribution. Western and Central Palaearctic. Recorded from Spain, Italy (Corsica), Austria (Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910); here recorded from Croatia, Cyprus, France, Grece, Iran (Belizin, 1952), Jordan, Turkey and Spain. Comments. The type material of Aspicera coriacea Kieffer, 1901, collected form Corsica Island, has not been found. Thus, it is presumably lost. After a detailed study of the original description, we consider A. coriacea a new synonymy of A. hartigi., Published as part of ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2013, Revision of the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) , pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3606 (1) on pages 29-31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3606.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259487, {"references":["Dalla Torre, K. W. von. (1889) Hymenopterologische Notizen. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 8, 209 - 212.","Hartig, T. (1843) Zweiter Nachtrag zur Naturgeschichte der Gallwespen. Zeitschrift fur die Entomologie, herausgeben von Ernst Friedrich Germar, 4, 395 - 422.","Boyer de Fonscolombe E. L. J. H. (1832) Description des Insectes de la famille des Diplolepaires qui se trouvent aux environs d'Aix. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 26, 184 - 198.","Giraud, J. (1860) Ennumeration des Figitides de l'Autriche (Groupe de la famille des Cynipides). Verhandlungen der zoologisch Botanischen Gesellcht in osterreich (Wien), 10, 123 - 174.","Kieffer, J. J. (1901) Revision des Onychiinae D. T. (Cynipides). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1901,49 - 50.","Dalla Torre, K. W. von & Kieffer, J. J. (1910) Cynipidae. Das Tierreich, v. 24. Berlin. 891 pp. Diaz, 1979","Belizin, V. I. (1952) Gall wasps of the family Aspicerinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) of the USSR. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, (32), 290 - 305."]}

Aspicera attenuata Belizin, 1952 (Figs 22a & b) Aspicera attenuata Belizin, 1952: 297. Type material: (1♀). HOLOTYPE female deposited in ZIN with the following labels: “ 20.VII.1926, Lamin-Gegen, south-east of Khangae, A.Kirichenko” (handwritten, in Russian); “Holotypus Aspicera attenuata ♀, v. Belizin det.” (red label). MONGOLIA. Diagnosis. Aspicera attenuata belongs to the group of species with prominent interfoveal carina and lateral surface of pronotum without sharp transverse carinae. It is similar to A. martae and A. annae because they are the only species in this group with complete lateral carinae of scutum. A. attenuata has scutellar spine short, 0.50 times length of scutellar disc, while in A. martae and A. annae it is longer, 0.80–0.90 times length of scutellar disc. Notauli are transversely carinate in A. attenuata, but not carinate in A. martae and A. annae. Redescription Length. Female 3.20 mm.; male unknown. Coloration. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Scape and pedicellum black, flagellomeres dark brown. Leg dark to light brown. Wing membrane hyaline, wing veins medium brown. Head. Frons coriaceous, with weak rugose sculpture on dorsal half and central area. Lateral frontal carinae weakly curved, medium impressed. Area between compound eye and lateral frontal carinae with transverse carinae. Gena in lateral view rounded, not expanded, coriaceous and weakly carinate transversely. Vertex weakly incised, coriaceous and with weak rugose sculpture. Ocelli slightly prominent. Occiput coriaceous with rugose carinae on dorsal 1/3, behind ocelli, and with few effaced and incomplete transverse carinae. Antenna. Lost in the type material. Mesosoma. Some parts of the scutum can not be described because it is broken. Lateral surface of pronotum coriaceous with few weak transverse striae. Subpronotal plate not projected, dorsal margin pubescent. Scutum coriaceous. Lateral line very conspicuous, clearly reaching anterior margin of scutum. Antero-admedian lines sharp, prominent, reaching 1/3–1/2 scutum length, parallel. Notauli with clear transverse carinae, mostly smooth, weak alutaceous sculpture on anterior half. Median mesoscutal furrow smooth at central area and alutaceous near margins. Area between notauli not prominent in lateral view. Parascutal sulcus weakly pubescent, alutaceous ending near anterior end of notauli. Mesopleuron coriaceous, with clear punctate sculpture on ventral area and anterior 1/3, smooth on dorsoposterior area. Scutellum 1.19 times scutum length, emarginate. Scutellar foveae smooth, slightly deep and large, scutellar pits shallow. Interfoveal carina prominent, continuous along scutellar disc until first 1/3 of scutellar spine. Scutellar disc with two longitudinal carinae on each side, slightly convex, very slightly sloping towards basis of scutellar spine in lateral view. Scutellar spine 0.50 times length of scutellar disc, narrow, with fine longitudinal rugae, straight in lateral view. Wing. Wing membrane hyaline. Radial cell 2.07 times longer than wide. Wing pubescence reduced. Marginal pubescence present. R 1 long. R 2 straight. Rs+M absent. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Eastern Palaearctic: Mongolia., Published as part of ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2013, Revision of the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) , pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3606 (1) on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3606.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259487, {"references":["Belizin, V. I. (1952) Gall wasps of the family Aspicerinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) of the USSR. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, (32), 290 - 305."]}

Aspicera scutellata (Villers, 1789) (Figs 42a & b) Tenthredo scutellata Villers, 1789: 126 Evania ediogaster Rossi, 1790: 57, synonymized by Giraud, 1860: 157 & 159 Cynips ediogaster Panzer, 1793: 34–35, synonymized by Dahlbom, 1842: 9 Ichneumon ediogaster (Rossi) Rossi, 1794: 136 Onychia scutellata (Villers) Giraud, 1856: 186 Aspicera scutellata (Villers) Dalla Torre, 1889: 211 Cynips ediogaster (Rossi), Panzer, 1805:16 Figites ediogaster (Rossi) Jurine, 1807: 288 Onychia ediogaster (Rossi) Walker, 1835: 162 Aspicera ediogaster (Rossi), Reinhard 1860: 242 Figites bicolor Boyer de Fonscolombe 1832: 185 Onychia bicolor (Boyer de Fonscolombe) Giraud, 1860: 159 Figites aculeata Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1832: 186 Aspicera scutellata var. ruficollis Kieffer, 1907b: 129 Aspicera scutellata ruficollis Kieffer, Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 56 n. syn. Type material of Aspicera scutellata var. ruficollis: 1♀ (MNCN) with the following labels: 1♀ (MNCN) with the following labels: “Ribas Dusmet” (white label), “ Aspicera scutellata var. ruficollis K.” (white label handwritten), “MNCN_Ent Nº Cat. 69451” (white label), “ lectotype of Aspicera scutellara ruficollis Kieffer, designated JP-V” (red label), “ Aspicera scutellata (Villers) det. Ros-Farré-2011” (white label); “Madrid G. Mercet” (white label), “ Aspicera scutellata var. ruficollis ” (white label hand written), “MNCN_Ent Nº Cat. 69669” (white label), “paralectotype of Aspicera scutellara ruficollis Kieffer” (red label), “ Aspicera scutellata (Villers) det. Ros-Farré-2011” (with label); Type material of Figites aculeata: (1♂). HOLOTYPE male deposited in (MHNG) with the following labels: “coll. Romand C n de Saussure” (white label), “ Figites aculeata nob. Bréb. sic 2” (white label handwritten), “presque surement originalem. de la coll. Fonscolombe” (white label handwritten), “TYPE” (red label), “ Figites aculeata ” (white label handwritten), “selom D. T. Aspicera scutellata (Vill) ” (white label handwritten), “ Figites Type aculeata Fsc. (= Aspicera scutellata Vill.) det. Ch. Ferrière” (white label handwritten), “HOLOTYPE of Figites aculeata Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1832 ” (red label), “ Aspicera scutellata (B. de Fonsc.) det Ros-Farré det. 2005” (white label). Aditional material: ( 10♂ & 17♀): FRANCE: 1♀ (CNCI) 19/9/1976, Montpellier, John T.Huber leg.; 1♀ (UB) 7–13/IV/1989, Grabels, Hérault, H. Tussac leg.; 1♀ (UB) 21/VIII/1961, Croix, Valmer, Sichell leg. HUNGARY: 1♂ (HNHM) 1931, Budapest, Biró leg.; 1♀ (PDL) 4/VIII/1953, Zamárdi, Móczár leg.; 1♀ (HNHM) Szalonca, Fekete Gy. Coll. Z. Kiss E.; 1♀ & 1♂ (HNHM) 4/VI/1939, Kalocsa, Dr. J. Erdös leg.; 1♂ (HNHM) 26/VIII/1942, Kalocsa, Dr. J. Erdös leg. 1♂ (HNHM) 14/VIII/1942, Kalocsa, Dr. J. Erdös leg.; 1♂ (UB) 21/VIII/1958, Csömör, Sólymosné.; 1♀ (UB) 7/VIII/1932, Azskozard, Dr. J. Erdös leg.; 1♀ (HNHM) nº 1602, 1933, Pestszentimre.; 1♀ (UB) VIII/1932, Azekozard.; 1♀ (HNHM) nº 1203, 18/VII/1933, Paks. MONTENEGRO: 1♀ (NHM) 18/IX/ 1984, C.Gora, Krasici nr. Kotor, Boucek leg. SPAIN: 1♂ (UB) 15/VI/1996, La Parroquia, Los Cautivos, Murcia, J. Pujade-Villar leg.; 1♂ (MNHN-Paris) Pozuelo de Calatrava.; 1♀ (MNHN-Paris) Lemona, Vizcaya, G. Schramm. Labeled as Parasintype of Onychia.; 1♂ (CNCI) 27/VII/1960, Sierra Nevada, highway, 1650m, J. R. Vockroth. TURKEY: 1♂ (UB) 7/IX/1960, Kars, Ararat below Serdarbulak, 5000`, Guichard & Harvey B.M. leg. 1960-364; 1♂ (NHM) 8/VI/1959, Goynuceck. Alt 1500 ft., K.M. Guichard leg.; 1♂ (NHM) 27/VII/1962, Eskisehir, Kaymaz, 800m, Guichard & Harvey B.M. leg. 1962-299; 1♀ (HNHM) without label data. Other material: (4♀): 1♀ (MNHN-Paris) unknown locality, labeled as Parasintype of A. scutellata; 2♀ (MNHN-Paris) aust Sartoz, labeled as Parasintype of A. scutellata. 1♀ (MNHN-Paris) Arsenal, labeled as Parasintype of A. scutellata. Diagnosis. Aspicera scutellata belongs to the group of species with occiput and lateral margin of pronotum sharply carinate, scutellar disc convex and notauli sharply carinate. Aspicera scutellata is similar to A. blancae, but in A. scutellata lateral lines almost reach anterior margin of scutum, scutellar pits are deep and scutellum is rugose, while A. blancae lacks scutellar pits, lateral lines are complete and scutellum is longitudinally carinate. Redescription Length. Female 4.2–5.6 mm.; male 3.7–4.8 mm. Coloration. Head, antenna and metasoma black. Pronotum black to medium brown. Scutum medium brown, except scutellar spine dark brown to black. Mesopleuron, metapleura and propodeum dark brown to black. Leg dark to light brown. Coloration may be variable, scutum black in some specimens. Head. Frons alutaceous, very sharply rugose. Lateral frontal carinae sharp, strongly prominent in some specimens, slightly curved near antennal foramina, divergent. Area between compound eye and lateral frontal carinae with sharp transverse carinae. Gena in lateral view rounded, slightly expanded, coriaceous, with very sharp transverse carinae. Vertex not incised, coriaceous, sharply rugose. Ocelli slightly prominent. Occiput without microsculpture, with very sharp longitudinal carinae on dorsal 1/3, with noticeable transverse carinae on ventral 2/ 3. Occasionally dorsal 1/3 of occiput sharply rugose instead of longitudinally carinate. Antenna. FEMALE. Filiform. Antennal formula: 13.5(9): 5(7): 12(6.5): 12(6): 12(5.5): 12(5.5): 12(5.5): 12(6): 10(6): 11(6): 10(6): 10(6): 21(6). MALE. Filiform. F1 weakly modified. Antennal formula: 12(6): 4(6): 14(6): 13(5.5): 13(5.5): 12.5(5.5): 12(5.5): 12(5.5): 11(5.5): 11(5.5): 11(5.5): 11(5): 9(5): 16(5). Mesosoma. FEMALE. Lateral surface of pronotum coriaceous with sharp transverse carinae. Subpronotal plate not projected, dorsal margin pubescent. Scutum coriaceous with sharp transverse carinae, sharply rugose in some specimens. Lateral line conspicuous almost reaching anterior margin of scutum. Antero-admedian lines smooth, polished or coriaceous, reaching 1/3–1/2 scutum length, parallel; median ridge conspicuous, sometimes narrow. Notauli smooth, with many sharp transverse carinae. Median mesoscutal sulcus with more or less abundant transverse carinae, sometimes this sulcus has sharply sinuous margins, sometimes straight. Area between notauli not prominent in lateral view. Parascutal sulcus ending near anterior end of notauli, smooth, pubescent anteriorly. Mesopleuron with sharp punctate sculpture and oblique carinae on ventral area and anterior 1/3, smooth on dorsoposterior area. Scutellum between 0.9–1.0 times scutum length, not emarginate. Scutellar foveae longitudinally carinate, scutellar pits sharply deep. Interfoveal carina conspicuous on scutellar disc and spine. Scutellar disc with sharp longitudinal carinae or sharply rugose, swollen posterior to scutellar foveae, sloping towards basis of scutellar spine in lateral view. Scutellar spine 0.4–0.7 times length of scutellar disc, stout, directed downwards or almost straight in lateral view. MALE. Dorsal margin of pronotum with stronger pubescence. Scutellum 0.8–1.0 times scutum length. Scutellar spine 0.5–0.7 times length of scutellar disc. Wing. Wing membrane hyaline. Radial cell 2.0–2.5 longer than wide. Wing pubescence reduced. Marginal pubescence present, very short on dorsal margin. R 1 long. R 2 straight, slightly curved near dorsal margin. Rs+M absent. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Western Palaeartic: Alemania, Algeria, Croatia, France, Hungary, Italy, Sapain and Tunisia (Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910) and United Kingdom (Fergusson, 1986); here recorded from Montenegro and Turkey. Comments. Tenthredo scutellata Villers, 1789 was transferred to the genus Onychia by Giraud (1856: 186); in this same work, Giraud also considered that Figites bicolor Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1832 and ‘ Onychia bicolor Dahlbom, 1842 ’ (unavailable name, see comments of A. suecica) were synonyms of Onychia scutellata (Villers); however, later, the same Giraud (1860: 159) mentioned that the species F. bicolor Fonscolombe were unknown to him and took this species out from the synonymy with O. scutellata; here, after examining the material of Onychia bicolor determined by Dahlbom, we consider that this species does not the belong to Tenthredo scutellata Villers as Giraud mentioned (see the comments of A. suecica). On the other hand, Dahlbom (1842: 9) considered Cynips ediogaster Panzer, 1793 as a synonym of Evania ediogaster Rossi, 1790. Giraud (1860: 157 & 159) synonymyzed Evania ediogaster Rossi with Onychya scutellata (Villers). Last, Dalla Torre (1889: 211) transferred Onychia scutellata (Villers) to the genus Aspicera and considered Figites bicolor Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1832 (not bicolor Dahlbom) and Figites aculeata Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1832 as synonyms of A. scutellata (Villers). We have examined the subspecies ‘ ruficollis ’ Kieffer, and the differences from the typical form mentioned by Kieffer fall inside the range of intraspecific variability; thus, we do not consider that A. scutellata has any valid subspecies. Note 1. Figites aculeata Boyer de Fonscolombe was originaly described as “ Figites aculeata, Bréb. ” in Boyer de Fonscolombe (1832: 186), because this author repeated the label written by Brébisson and respected the name proposed by him. Some authors considered that the descriptor of these species was Brébisson (in Boyer Fonscolombe, 1932) and several nomenclatures appeared as “ aculeata Brébisson ” or “ aculeata Brébisson & Boyer de Fonscolombe ”. Nevertheless, according to the ZNC (art. 50.1) the correct descriptor of Figites aculeata is Boyer de Fonscolombe. Note 2. In MNHN-Paris there are four specimens labeled as “Parasintype of A. scutellata ”. Nevertheless, until this work, no species has ever been described as “ Aspicera scutellata ” even if different authors mentioned the “ scutellata ” name: Villers, Panzer and Rossi. Claire Villemant (pers. com.) mentions that the collections of these authors have never been deposited in MNHN-Paris. Thus, these four specimens cannot belong to the type material of Tenthredo scutellata Villers neither Evania ediogaster Rossi neither Cynips ediogaster Panzer. Note 3. The material of Aspicera scutellata ruficollis is presumably composed of 2 specimens deposited in MNCN (M. París pers. comm.). In the original description, Kieffer (1907: 129) only mentions that this material was collected in Madrid, but he did not indicate the collector neither the exact locality nor the number of specimens examined. The specific labels of these specimens are written by the same person according to the graphism. One of these specimens was collected by Mercet in Madrid and has a label with the name " Aspicera " handwritten with upper-case "A", and the second one was collected by Dusmet in Ribas (Madrid) and " A spicera" is handwritten with lower-case " A "; in both specimens the rest of the name "_spicera ruficollis var scutellata " is identical to Kieffer writing, according to our experience, so we can assume both are written by J. J. Kieffer. This author was not very consistent about his graphy (Forshage per. comm.). Nevertheless, the original labels of Aspicera clarimontis Kieffer, A. longispina Kieffer and A. sibirica Kieffer examinated here have “ Aspicera ” handwritten with lowercase " A "; for this reason, the lectotype designated here is the specimen collected by Dusmet because it has the label with the same graphism than these other Kieffer species (lower-case " A ")., Published as part of ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2013, Revision of the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) , pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3606 (1) on pages 45-47, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3606.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259487, {"references":["Villers, C. de (1789) Caroli Linnei Entomologia, fauna Sveciae descriptionibus aucta. Vol. 3, xxiv + 657 pp, 10 plates Piestre et Delamolliere, Lyon","Rossi, P. (1790) Fauna Etrusca, sistens Insecta quae in provinciis Florentina et Pisana praesertim collegit Petris Rossius, vol. 2, 348 pp Liburni.","Giraud, J. (1860) Ennumeration des Figitides de l'Autriche (Groupe de la famille des Cynipides). Verhandlungen der zoologisch Botanischen Gesellcht in osterreich (Wien), 10, 123 - 174.","Panzer, G. W. F. (1793) Faunae Insectorum Germaniae initia oder Deutschlands Insecten. Hymenoptera. Felsecker, 4, 1074 pp, Nurnberg","Dahlbom, G. (1842) Onychia och Callaspidia. tvenne for Skanidnaviens Fauna nya Insekt-Slagen, horande till Gallaple- Stekelarnes naturlinga grupp. Lund, Tryckt uti Akademiska Boktryckeriet, 1 - 16 + 9 Figs","Rossi, P. (1794) Mantissa Insectorum exhibens species nuper in Etruria. Vol. 2, 154 pp. Pisa","Giraud, J. (1856) Observations sur quelques especes d'Hymenopteres rares ou peu connues trouvees dans les environs de Vienne. Verhandlungen der zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 6 (2), 179 - 188.","Dalla Torre, K. W. von. (1889) Hymenopterologische Notizen. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 8, 209 - 212.","Panzer, G. W. F. (1805) Kritische Revision der Insektenfaune Deutschlands nach dem System bearbbeitet. Felsseckersche Buchhandlung. Nurnberg. 271 pp + 2 pl.","Jurine, P. L. (1807) Nouvelle methode de classer les Hymenopteres et les Dipteres. 1: 320 + 4 pp, 14 plates","Walker, F. (1835) Observations on the British Cynipites. Entomological magazine, 3, 159 - 170","Reinhard, H. (1860) Die Figitiden des mittlern Europa. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 4, 204 - 264.","Boyer de Fonscolombe E. L. J. H. (1832) Description des Insectes de la famille des Diplolepaires qui se trouvent aux environs d'Aix. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 26, 184 - 198.","Kieffer, J. J. (1907 b) Eine neue Varietat von Aspicera scutellata Vill. Zeitschrift fur Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie, 1907 - 08, 129.","Dalla Torre, K. W. von & Kieffer, J. J. (1910) Cynipidae. Das Tierreich, v. 24. Berlin. 891 pp. Diaz, 1979","Fergusson, N. D. M. (1986) Hymenoptera Cynipoidea. Charipidae, Ibaliidae & Figitidae. Handbook for the Identification of British Insects, 8 (1 c), 1 - 55."]}

Aspicera tenuispina Kieffer, 1904 This species does not belong to the genus Aspicera (see section addenda), Published as part of ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2013, Revision of the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) , pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3606 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3606.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259487, {"references":["Kieffer, J. J., (1904) Species des hymenopteres d'Europe & d'Algerie: Les Cynipides. In Andre (Ed.). 7 (2), 748 + 21 pl."]}

Aspicera kiefferi Ros-Farré & Pujade-Villar n. sp. (Figs 34a & b) Type material (1♀). HOLOTYPE female (CNCI) 9/VII/1995, Arizona. Sta Cruz Co. Patagonia, USA, E. Wilk & B. Brown leg. Diagnosis. Aspicera kiefferi is similar to A. dianae having sharp medial scutellar carina and thin scutellar spine; A. dianae has scutellar foveae less sculpturated than A. kiefferi, and scutellar spine is shorter in A. kiefferi than in A. dianae. Description Length. Female 3.1 mm.; male unknown. Coloration. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Scape and pedicellum blackish brown, flagellomeres dark brown. Leg medium to light brown. Wing veins light brown. Head. Frons coriaceous, with small rugose carinae. Lateral frontal carinae very slightly curved, weak, mostly near lateral ocelli. Area between compound eye and lateral frontal carinae with transverse carinae. Gena in lateral view rounded, not expanded, coriaceous, with weak transverse carinae. Vertex not incised, coriaceous, punctate, with small carinae. Ocelli weakly prominent. Occiput coriaceous, with very thin transverse carinae basally, thin longitudinal carinae dorsally. Antenna. Subclavate. Antennal formula: 9(5): 3.5(4.5): 10(4): 8(4): 7.5(4): 8(4): 7.5(4.5): 7(4): 7(4): 7(4): 7.5(4): 7(4): 20.5(4). Mesosoma. Lateral surface of pronotum coriaceous. Subpronotal plate not projected, dorsal margin sharply pubescent. Scutum coriaceous. Lateral line incomplete, very noticeable on ventral half. Antero-admedian lines weak, reaching 1/3–1/2 scutum length, parallel; median ridge weak. Notauli wide, smooth, with some fine carinae, median mesoscutal furrow smooth. Area between notauli not prominent in lateral view. Parascutal sulcus ending near anterior end of notauli, with scattered setae, alutaceous. Mesopleuron with oblique carinae and coriaceous on anterior 1/3, smooth posteriorly. Scutellum 0.89 times scutum length, clearly emarginate posteriorly. Scutellar foveae with sharp rugose carinae, shallow, scutellar pits absent. Interfoveal carina sharply prominent, noticeable in lateral view, continuing along scutellar disc to beginning of scutellar spine. Scutellar disc convex, coriaceous, with sinuous longitudinal carinae, slightly sloping towards basis of scutellar spine in lateral view. Scutellar spine 0.43 times length of scutellar disc, thin, with fine longitudinal carinae, straight in lateral view. Wing. Wing membrane hyaline. Radial cell 1.94 times longer than wide. Wing pubescence reduced. Marginal pubescence present, only some scattered setae. R 1 long. R 2 straight, slightly curved near dorsal margin. Rs+M absent. Derivatio nominis. Dedicated to the great entomologist Jean Jacques Kieffer. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Nearctic: USA (Arizona)., Published as part of ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2013, Revision of the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) , pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3606 (1) on pages 33-34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3606.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259487

Aspicera martae Ros-Farré & Pujade-Villar n. sp. (Figs 24a & b) Type material: (1♀). HOLOTYPE female (NHM) 9/XI/1936, Assam. Mishmi Hills, 4600 ft, Delai Valley, Talphlogam, INDIA, M. Steele. B.M.1937-324. Diagnosis. Aspicera martae belongs to the group of species with prominent interfoveal carina and lateral surface of pronotum lacking sharp transverse carinae. This species is similar to A. annae but in A. martae occiput is coriaceous with some weak carinae, area between notauli and end of median mesoscutal furrow is prominent in lateral view, while in A. annae occiput is rugose, area between notauli and end of median mesoscutal furrow is flat. Description Length. Female 2.92 mm.; male unknown. Coloration. Head and mesosoma black, metasoma dark brown. Antenna medium brown. Leg medium to light brown. Wing veins medium brown. Head. Frons coriaceous, weakly rugose dorsally and centrally. Lateral frontal carinae weakly curved, almost straight, sharp. Area between compound eye and lateral frontal carinae without transverse carinae. Gena in lateral view rounded, not expanded, coriaceous, with small transverse carinae. Vertex weakly incised, coriaceous, with sinuous carinae. Ocelli weakly prominent. Occiput coriaceous with a few short longitudinal carinae on dorsal 1/3, behind ocelli, with few effaced incomplete transverse carinae basally. Antenna. Filiform. Antennal formula: 7.5(5): 4(4.5): 10(3.5): 10(4): 11(4): 10(4): 9(4.5): 8(4.5): 8(4.5): 7.5(4.5): 7.5(4.5): 8(4.5): 18(4.5). Mesosoma. Lateral surface of pronotum coriaceous, with few weak transverse carinae. Subpronotal plate not projected, dorsal margin glabrous. Scutum coriaceous. Lateral line complete, very conspicuous. Antero-admedian lines sharp, prominent, reaching 1/3–1/2 scutum length, parallel; median ridge sharp. Notauli coriaceous. Median mesoscutal furrow slightly alutaceous on dorsal 1/3. Area between notauli prominent. Parascutal sulcus ending near anterior end of notauli, sharply wide, pubescent, weakly alutaceous. Mesopleuron coriaceous, with some rugose carinae on ventral area and anterior 1/3 smooth on dorsoposterior area. Scutellum 1.2 times scutum length, emarginate. Scutellar foveae smooth, slightly deep, large, scutellar pits shallow. Interfoveal carina prominent, continuing along scutellar disc to beginning of scutellar spine. Scutellar disc flat, coriaceous with one longitudinal carinae on each side, straight in lateral view. Scutellar spine 0.9 times length of scutellar disc, rather narrow with fine longitudinal rugae, straight and flat in lateral view. Wing. Wing membrane hyaline. Radial cell 2.1 times longer than wide. Wing pubescence not reduced. Marginal pubescence long. R 1 long. R 2 little curved. Rs+M absent. Derivatio nominis. Dedicated to Marta Pujade i Vilageliu, daughter of the second author. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Eastern Palaearctic: India (northeastern corner, which is part of the Himalayan southeastern range and is considered as belonging to the Palaearctic), see the discussion., Published as part of ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2013, Revision of the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) , pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3606 (1) on page 38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3606.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259487

Aspicera foveata (Belizin, 1952) (Fig. 2f) Heteraspidia foveata Belizin, 1952: 300–301. Paraspicera foveata (Belizin), in Weld, 1961: 279 Aspicera foveata (Belizin) Ros-Farré & Pujade-Villar 2011: 55 Diagnosis. A. foveata and A. kerzhneri are the only Aspicera species having scutellar spine nearly absent (Fig. 2f, g), represented only by a distal elongation of the circumscutellar carina. According to the figures of Kovalev (1974) both species can be differentiated by the scutellar foveae: in A. foveata (Fig. 2f) they are very shallow, at least 1/2 scutellum length and with two longitudinal carinae inside, while in A. kerzhneri (Fig. 2g) they are well defined, about 1/3 scutellum length and with three longitudinal carinae inside. The original description of A. foveata (Belizin, 1952) and A. kerzhneri (Kovalev, 1974) provide more characters to distinguish this species: in A. foveata the occiput and the lateral surface of propodeum are not carinate, the mesoscutum has some punctuations, while in A. kerzhneri the occiput has longitudinal carinae dorsally and transverse carinae ventrally, the lateral surface of propodeum is carinate transversely and the mesoscutum has transverse carinae. Type material deposited in the collection of the Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of URSS, presumably lost (O. Kovalev, pers. com.). According to original description, collected in Turkmenia: Kara-Kala, XI 1931: 1 ♂ by P. Petrischeva. We reproduce the description of Belizin 1952: Original description (translated from Russian): ♂. Length 3,2 mm. Black, although mesoscutum being mostly red. Head dull, coriaceous. Frons slightly rugose near ocelli, lateral areas with sharp carinae, which begin between dorsal margin of compound eyes and lateral ocelli and end in front of antennal foramina (lateral frontal carinae). The area between these carinae and the ocelli is transversely wrinkled. From the base of antennae, each carina divides into two carinae which make up a triangle that goes on until 1/2 head length. Occiput with short grey pubescence. Eye smooth. Antennae with 14 antennomeres, smooth, shiny, about 2/3 body length, blackish brown. Antennomere 1 black, antennomere 3 with widely nicked internal margin, and it is slightly longer than antennomere 4. The last antennomere is not wider than the penultimate, but it is 1.5 times longer. Prodorsum (pronotum) smooth, sharply incised, vertex rounded. Propleurae dull. Mesodorsum (scutum) coriaceous, little shiny, with a few smooth grain. Notauli conspicuous. Median carina continuing along mesodorsum between notauli, in the posterior 1/3 it branches of and makes up a triangle. Between the median carina and notauli, from prodorsum to half mesodorsum, there are two lateral carina parallel between them, they do not reach the junction of median carina. Mesopleurone divided in the middle by a wide and deep furrow, being the dorsal half smooth and shiny and the ventral half covered by fine small points. Metapleurae covered with dense grey pubescence. The anterior part of scutellum with two large, elonged and smooth foveae, separated by a narrow and sharp carina (Fig. 2f). In the surface of each fovea there are two carinae little prominent that go until posterior margin. The foveae reach slightly more than 1/2 of scutellum length. Five sharp longitudinal carinae go on by the surface of scutellum until vertex (posterior margin). Vertex of scutellum with a blunt point. Tegulae blackish brown. Wing hyaline, they exceed the vertex of abdomen (metasoma). Radial cell open on anterior margin and slightly in the basis, due to subcostal vein does not reach the margin of wing. Cubital vein slightly impressed, areolet only represented by a very short vein. Coxa and trocanter black, shiny, with small points. Other segments of legs red, first segment of hind legs darkish. Femur smooth, shiny, with small points. Tibia and tars dull, with short pubescence. Spur of fore tibia wide, sharply curbed. Abdomen smooth, shiny; first segment wrinkled. Comments: There are other genera of Figitidae characterized having scutellar spine that include species almost without any trace of spine, like the figitines Neralsia pseudoneralsia Jiménez & Pujade-Villar, 2006 and Xyalophoroides quinquelineata (Say, 1836). For this reason, A. foveata can be included in Aspicera.

Aspicera enormis Belizin, 1952 (Figs 12a & b) Aspicera enormis Belizin, 1952: 296. Type material: (1♂). HOLOTYPE male deposited in ZIN, with the following labels: “Holotipus, Aspicera enormis m ♂, V. Belezin det” (hand written, red label), “Bakharden (Zakaspiyskaya region), Turkmenia. 14.4.903 Ê.Î.Anger“ (in Russian, white label), “Kokuyev's collection” (in Russian, white label), “ Aspicera enormis Belizin, 1952, det. P. Ros-Farré 2004” (white label). Diagnosis. Aspicera enormis is the only Aspicera species with a sharply blunt scutellar spine. Moreover, the scutellum is very convex, the scutellar pits are sharply deep and the lateral line is very conspicuous and complete. Redescription Length. Male 4.2 mm.; female unknown. Coloration. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Scape and pedicellum black. Coxa and trocanter black, remaining leg segments medium to light brown. Wing veins light brown. Head. Frons coriaceous, with small rugose sculpture on dorsal half. Lateral frontal carinae sharp ventrally, weak near ocelli, slightly curved. Area between compound eye and lateral frontal carinae with transverse carinae. Gena in lateral view rounded, slightly expanded, coriaceous, sharply rugose. Vertex straight, with rugose carinae and weak microsculpture. Ocelli weakly prominent. Occiput noticeably coriaceous with longitudinal rugose carinae on dorsal 1/3, transverse carinae on basal 2/3. Antenna. Lost in the type material. Mesosoma. Lateral surface of pronotum coriaceous with small transverse rugose carinae. Subpronotal plate not projected, dorsal margin with sparse pubescence. Scutum coriaceous. Lateral line very conspicuous, complete. Antero-admedian lines wide, reaching 1/3–1/2 scutum length, parallel; median ridge thin, coriaceous. Notauli wide, smooth, with thin and incomplete transverse carinae. Median mesoscutal sulcus wide, smooth. Area between notauli not prominent in lateral view. Parascutal sulcus ending near anterior end of notauli, smooth with some scattered setae on anterior 1/3. Mesopleuron alutaceous on ventral area and anterior 1/3, smooth on dorsoposterior area. Scutellum emarginate 0.98 times scutum length. Scutellar foveae sharply wide, large, rather shallow, with weak carinae on posterior 1/3, weakly alutaceous anteriorly, scutellar pits rather deep. Interfoveal carina prominent, continuing along scutellar disc until beginning of scutellar spine. Scutellar disc sharply swollen posterior to scutellar foveae, with three sinuous longitudinal carinae on each side and some short transverse carinae between them, sloping towards basis of scutellar spine in lateral view. Scutellar spine 0.56 times length of scutellar disc, wide, stout, with fine longitudinal rugae, straight in lateral view. Wing. Wing membrane hyaline. Radial cel 2.4 times longer than wide. Wing pubescence reduced. Marginal pubescence present from R 2, short, sharply dense. R 1 long. R 2 straight, only curved near dorsal margin. Rs+M absent. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Central Palaearctic: Turkmenistan., Published as part of ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2013, Revision of the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) , pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3606 (1) on pages 25-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3606.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259487, {"references":["Belizin, V. I. (1952) Gall wasps of the family Aspicerinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) of the USSR. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, (32), 290 - 305."]}

Aspicera clarimontis Kieffer, 1907 (Figs 6a & b) Aspicera clarimontis Kieffer, 1907a: 152. Type material: (1♀). HOLOTYPE female deposited in CAS, with the following labels: “Claremont, Cal., Baker” (white label), “5696” (white label), “ Aspicera clarimontis Kieff ” (handwritten, red label), “California Academy of Sciences Type no. 10519” (white label) “ Aspicera clarimontis, Kieffer, 1907, Ros-Farré det. 2010” (white label). Diagnosis. Aspicera clarimontis can be easily recognized because it is the only species, together with A. singularica, having sharp rugose sculpture on scutellum, without longitudinal carinae. Both species can be easily distinguished because A. singularica has scutellar pits and A. clarimontis lacks them, and because the scutum is coarsely coriaceous in A. singularica and finely coriaceous in A. clarimontis. The scutellar spine is shorter in A. clarimontis than in A. singularica. Redescription Length. Female 3.8 mm; male unknown. Coloration. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Scape and pedicellum dark brown, flagellomeres medium brown. Leg medium brown. Wing veins light brown. Head. Frons punctate. Lateral frontal carinae sharp, rather curved, area between lateral frontal carinae and compound eye with transverse carinae. Occipital carina rounded behind dorsal 1/3 of compound eye. Gena not expanded, coriaceous, with very sharp transverse carinae. Vertex not incised, punctate. Ocelli very weakly prominent. Occiput alutaceous/coriaceous, with sharp longitudinal carinae on dorsal 1/3, transverse carinae on basal 2/3. Antenna. Incomplete in type material. Filiform. Antennal formula: 4(2.5): 2(2): 5(2): 5(2): 5(2): 5(2): 4(2): 4(2): 4(2): remaining flagellomeres lost. Mesosoma. Lateral surface of pronotum coriaceous. Subpronotal plate not projected, dorsal margin glabrous. Scutum finely coriaceous. Lateral line incomplete, present on basal 2/3, antero-admedian lines thin but well impressed, reaching 1/3–1/2 scutum length, parallel. Median mesoscutal line noticeable, thin. Median mesoscutal furrow smooth, notauli shiny with traces of transverse carinae. Area between notauli not prominent in lateral view. Parascutal sulcus wider from basis until anterior end of notauli, very narrow until anterior margin of notauli, smooth, sharply pubescent. Mesopleuron with oblique carinae and punctate on anterior 1/2, smooth posteriorly. Scutellum 0.85 times scutum length. Scutellar foveae transversely oval, shiny, deep, with weak oblicuous carinae, scutellar pits absent. Interfoveal carina continuing along scutellar disc until end of scutellar spine. Scutellar disc nearly straight posterior to scutellar foveae, sharply rugose, slightly coriaceous, very slightly sloping (nearly straight) towards basis of scutellar spine in lateral view. Scutellar spine 0.20 times length of scutellar disc, rugose, narrow, straight in lateral view. Wing. Wing membrane hyaline. Radial cell 1.88 times longer than wide. Wing pubescence reduced. Marginal pubescence only conspicuous on basal margin of wing. R 1 rather short. R 2 almost straight, sometimes slightly curved near dorsal margin. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Nearctic: California (USA)., Published as part of ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2013, Revision of the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) , pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3606 (1) on pages 21-22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3606.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259487, {"references":["Kieffer, J. J. (1907 a) Beschreibung neuer parasitischer Cynipiden aus Zentral- und Nord-Amerika (3 rd part). Entoniologische Zeitschrift, 21, 151 - 153."]}

Aspicera adelae Ros-Farré n. sp. Figs (9a & b) Type material: (1♀). HOLOTYPE female (CNCI) 21–28/VII/1977, 8000, 7 mi. N. Wood land, PK South Meadows Camp, Colorado, USA, S. Peck leg. Diagnosis. Aspicera adelae has sharp sparse punctuations on scutum and lacks median mesoscutal carina. This species is similar to A. jantonii, but this species has very large scutellar foveae, shallow and smooth while in A. adelae scutellar foveae are smaller, deep and slightly striate longitudinally. Description Length. Female 4.60 mm; male unknown. Coloration. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Scape and pedicellum dark brown, flagellomeres medium brown. Leg medium brown. Wing veins medium brown. Head. Frons coriaceous, punctate. Lateral frontal carinae curved, area between them and compound eye coriaceous. Gena in lateral view rounded, expanded, rugose and coriaceous. Vertex not incised, coriaceous, punctate. Ocelli weakly prominent. Occiput coriaceous, weakly carinate longitudinally on dorsal 1/3, with points between carinae. Antenna. Filiform. Antennal formula: 6(4): 2(3): 7(3): 6(3): 5.5(3): 5.5(3): 5(3): 5(3): 5(3): 5(3): 5(3): 4.5(3): 9(3). Mesosoma. Lateral surface of pronotum coriaceous. Subpronotal plate not projected, dorsal margin pubescent. Scutum finely coriaceous, sparsely punctate, distance between points larger than diameter of a point. Lateral line incomplete, only present on basal 2/3, antero-admedian lines very weak reaching between 1/3 and 1/2 scutum length, parallel. Median mesoscutal line absent. Notauli and median mesoscutal furrow with effaced transverse striae. Area between notauli not prominent in lateral view. Parascutal sulcus narrow smooth, with some scattered setae, ending in front of tegula. Mesopleuron coriaceous on anterior 1/3, smooth posteriorly. Scutellum 0.92 times scutum length, emarginate laterally. Scutellar foveae slightly striate longitudinally, scutellar pits shallow. Interfoveal carina continuous along surface of scutellar disc to beginning of scutellar spine. Scutellar disc coriaceous, longitudinally carinate, straight in lateral view. Scutellar spine short, rather narrow, blunt, 0.47 times length of scutellar disc, coriaceous, straight in lateral view. Wing. Wing membrane hyaline. Radial cell 2.18 times longer than wide. Wing pubescence reduced. Marginal pubescence absent. R 1 long. R 2 almost straight, very slightly curved near dorsal margin. Rs+M marked by a shadow. Derivatio nominis. Dedicated to Adela G. Ros, niece of the authors. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Nearctic. USA (Colorado)., Published as part of ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2013, Revision of the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) , pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3606 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3606.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259487

Aspicera blancae Ros-Farré n. sp. (Figs 43a & b) Type material: (1♂). HOLOTYPE male (NHM) 13/VII/1952, Suluca, Adana, 2000 m., TURKEY, K. M. Guichard col. Diagnosis. Aspicera blancae is similar to A. sculpturata, both species having sharp longitudinal carinae on occiput, sharp transverse carinae on lateral surface of pronotum, scutellar disc convex in lateral view and notauli sharply carinate transversely. They can be easily differentiated because A. blancae has lateral line of scutum complete, lacks scutellar pits and scutellum is longitudinally carinate, while A. scutellata has lateral line of scutum incomplete, although nearly reaching anterior margin of scutum, scutellar pits are very deep and scutellum is rugose. Description Length. Male 3.6 mm.; female unknown. Coloration. Head and antennae black. Mesosoma mostly black with a brown area on posterior part of scutum and anterior part of scutellum. Metasoma black to dark brown. Femur and coxa black, remaining leg segments light brown. Wing veins medium brown. Head. Frons coriaceous, with some rugose sculpture near ocelli. Lateral frontal carinae slightly curved. Area between compound eye and lateral frontal carinae with transverse carinae. Gena in lateral view rounded, slightly expanded, coriaceous, with many transverse carinae. Vertex not incised, shiny, weakly coriaceous, rugose. Ocelli slightly prominent. Occiput coriaceous, with conspicuous transverse carinae on basal 2/3, longitudinal carinae on dorsal 1/3. Antenna. Filiform. F1 clearly excavated. Antennal formula: 9(7.5): 3(5.5): 14(5): 13(5): 13(5): 12(5.5): 11(5): 11(5): 10(5): 9.5(5): 9.5(5): 9.5(5): 9(5): 15(5). Mesosoma. Lateral surface of pronotum coriaceous with sinuous transverse carinae. Subpronotal plate not projected, dorsal margin glabrous. Scutum coriaceous, with small shiny areas and transverse carinae, mostly between notauli. Lateral line conspicuous, complete. Antero-admedian lines alutaceous, reaching 1/2 scutum length, parallel; median ridge alutaceous, sharp. Notauli and median mesoscutal sulcus with transverse carinae. Area between notauli not prominent or slightly prominent in lateral view. Parascutal sulcus ending near anterior end of notauli, smooth on posterior 1/3, clearly alutaceous anteriorly, glabrous. Mesopleuron coriaceous on ventral area and anterior 1/3, smooth on dorsoposterior area. Scutellum 0.90 times scutum length, emarginate on posterior half. Scutellar foveae smooth, scutellar pits deep. Interfoveal carina conspicuous on scutellar disc, continuous until end of scutellar spine. Scutellar disc swollen posterior to scutellar foveae, coriaceous, with clear longitudinal carinae, sloping towards basis of scutellar spine in lateral view. Scutellar spine 0.40 times length of scutellar disc, with small transverse carinae, coriaceous, straight in lateral view. Wing. Wing membrane hyaline. Radial cell 1.85 times longer than wide. Wing pubescence strongly reduced. Marginal pubescence absent. R 1 short. R 2 slightly curved near margin. Rs+M absent. Derivatio nominis. Dedicated to Blanca Rodriguez i Ros, niece of the authors. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Western Palaearctic: Turkey., Published as part of ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2013, Revision of the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) , pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3606 (1) on pages 17-18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3606.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259487

Aspicera robusta Ros-Farré & Pujade-Villar n. sp. (Figs 47a & b) Type material: (1♂). HOLOTYPE male (ZSM) Schlesien, Letzner, POLAND, Eberswalde coll. Diagnosis. Aspicera robusta belongs to the group of species with sharp longitudinal carinae on the occiput, sharp transverse carinae on lateral surface of pronotum, scutellar disc flat in lateral view and notauli sharply carinate transversely. Most remarkable character of this species are the very wide notauli, basally and dorsally. Moreover, scutellar spine is rather long and slender, scutellar disc is rugose and scutellar foveae have some sculpture inside. Description Length. Male 4.8 mm.; female unknown. Coloration. Head and mesosoma black. Metasoma and antenna blackish brown. Leg medium to dark brown. Head. Frons coriaceous, sharply rugose. Lateral frontal carinae straight, divergent. Area between compound eye and lateral frontal carinae with transverse carinae. Gena in lateral view rounded, slightly expanded, with coriaceous and shiny areas and oblique carinae. Vertex not incised, sharply carinate, coriaceous. Ocelli quite prominent. Occiput coriaceous, with conspicuous longitudinal carinae on dorsal 1/3, and a few sharp transverse carinae on basal 2/3. Antenna. Filiform. F1 sharply excavated. Antennal formula: 12(8): 4.5(6): 19(7): 14(6): 14(6): 14(6): 14(6): 13.5(6): 12.5(6): 12(6): 11.5(6): 12(5.5): 11.5(5): 17(5) Mesosoma. Lateral surface of pronotum coriaceous with transverse carinae. Subpronotal plate not projected, dorsal margin with scattered setae. Scutum coriaceous, with transverse carinae. Lateral line complete, very conspicuous. Antero-admedian lines sharp, prominent, reaching 1/2 scutum length, straight; median ridge sharp. Notauli shiny, with sharp transverse carinae, wider dorsally than ventrally, median mesoscutal furrow shiny, with smaller transverse carinae. Area between notauli not prominent in lateral view. Parascutal sulcus ending near anterior end of notauli, pubescent and alutaceous on anterior half. Mesopleuron coriaceous on ventral area and anterior 1/3, smooth on dorsoposterior area. Scutellum 0.93 times scutum length, emarginate. Scutellar foveae conspicuously rugose, scutellar pits shallow. Interfoveal carina continuing along scutellar disc to end of scutellar spine. Scutellar disc with sharp rugose sculpture and sinuous longitudinal carinae, very weakly sloping towards basis of scutellar spine in lateral view. Scutellar spine rather long, 0.69 times length of scutellar disc, slender, sharply rugose, straight in lateral view. Wing. Wing membrane slightly yellowish. Radial cell 2.15 times longer than wide. Wing pubescence weakly reduced. Marginal pubescence dense and long. R 1 long. R 2 straight. Rs+M marked by a shadow. Derivatio nominis. The specific name refers to the robustness of this species. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Western Palaeartic: Poland., Published as part of ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2013, Revision of the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) , pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3606 (1) on pages 43-44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3606.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259487

Aspicera gemmae Ros-Farré & Pujade-Villar n. sp. (Figs 11a & b) Type material: (1♂). HOLOTYPE male (CNCI) 17/VII/1988, BC, Anahim Lake to Redstone, 1000 to 1500 m, CANADA, S & J Peck, car netting pine sand land. Diagnosis. Aspicera gemmae has sharp and dense punctuation on scutum, lacks median mesoscutal carina, and scutellar foveae are clearly striate. This species is similar to A. carlestolrai, but in A. gemmae scutellar foveae are carinate only near interfoveal carina and scutellar spine is wide, while in A. carlestolrai scutellar foveae are completely carinate and scutellar spine is thin. Description Length. Male 3.7 mm.; female unknown. Coloration. Head, mesosoma, metasoma and antenna black. Coxa and trocanter black, remaining leg segments medium brown. Wing veins medium brown. Head. Frons coriaceous, slightly striate longitudinally. Lateral frontal carinae sharp, curved with small teeth, area between lateral frontal carinae and compound eye coriaceous. Gena in lateral view rounded, expanded, coriaceous, with many transverse carinae. Vertex not incised, coriaceous, punctate. Ocelli weakly prominent. Occiput coriaceous, with some weak longitudinal rugae behind ocelli and near lateral margins, behind compound eye. Antenna. Filiform. F1 clearly excavated. Antennal formula: 5(4): 2(2.5): 7(2): 5(2): 5(2): 5(2.5): 5(3): 4.5(2.5): 4.5(2.5): 4.5(2): 4.5(2): 4.5(2): 4(2): 7(2). Mesosoma. Lateral surface of pronotum coriaceous. Subpronotal plate not projected, dorsal margin pubescent. Scutum coriaceous, punctuations small and dense, distance between them smaller than their diameter. Lateral line incomplete, only present on basal 2/3, antero-admedian lines very weak, reaching 1/3–1/2 scutum length, parallel. Medial mesoscutal line present only between antero-admedian lines, very weak. Notauli and median mesoscutal furrow very weakly striate transversely. Area between notauli not prominent in lateral view. Parascutal sulcus narrow, ending in front of tegula, smooth, with some scattered setae. Mesopleuron carinate and coriaceous on anterior 1/3, smooth posteriorly. Scutellum 0.9 times scutum length, sharply emarginate. Scutellar foveae deep, shiny, sharply carinate near interfoveal carina, scutellar pits absent. Interfoveal carina and longitudinal carinae inside foveae continuing along scutellar disc until end of scutellar spine. Scutellar disc flat, coriaceous, with longitudinal carinae and weakly rugose, straight and sloping towards end of scutellar spine in lateral view. Scutellar spine wide, short, 0.32 times length of scutellar disc, coriaceous, longitudinally carinate, triangle-shaped, rather blunt, directed downwards in lateral view. Wing. Wing membrane slightly brownish. Radial cell 2.11 times longer than wide. Wing pubescence reduced. Marginal pubescence present basally. R 1 very short. R 2 straight, slightly curved near dorsal margin. Rs+M marked by a shadow. Derivatio nominis. Dedicated to Gemma Pujade i Vilageliu, daughter of the second author. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Nearctic: Canada (British Columbia)., Published as part of ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2013, Revision of the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) , pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3606 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3606.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259487

Aspicera carlestolrai Ros-Farré & Pujade-Villar n. sp. (Figs 10a & b) Type material: (1♂ & 1♀). HOLOTYPE female (CNCI) 6/7/1958, Lethiridge Alta, Alberta, CANADA, O. Peck, Swept from Russian Thhisile. PARATYPE: 1♂ (UB) 4/VI/1956, Manyberries Alta, Alberta, CANADA, O. Peck. Diagnosis. Aspicera carlestolrai has scutum sharply and densely punctate, lacks median mesoscutal carina and scutellar foveae are sharply striate longitudinally. This species is similar to A. gemmae, but in A. gemmae scutellar foveae are only carinate near interfoveal carina and scutellar spine is wide, while in A. carlestolrai scutellar foveae are completely carinate and scutellar spine is thin. Description Length. Female 3.92 mm.; male 3.75 mm. Coloration. FEMALE. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Scape and pedicellum black, F1 dark brown, remaining flagellomeres light brown. Leg light brown. MALE. Antenna dark brown. Leg and wing veins medium brown. Head. FEMALE. Frons coriaceous, punctate, facial carinae weak. Lateral frontal carinae weak, curved. Area between lateral frontal carinae and compound eye striate. Gena in lateral view rounded, expanded, coriaceous, with numerous transverse carinae. Vertex not incised, coriaceous, punctate. Ocelli weakly prominent. Occiput coriaceous, punctate, with weak longitudinal rugae behind compound eye. MALE. Frons coriaceous, slightly rugose, with punctuations near ocelli. Occiput not punctate. Antenna. FEMALE: Filiform. Antennal formula: 7(4): 2(2): 6(2): 4.5(2): 4.5(2): 4(2): 4(2): 4(2): 4(2): 4(2): 4(2): 4(2): 7(2). MALE. Filiform. F1 cleraly modified. Antennal formula: 5(4): 2(3): 7(3): 5(3): 5(3): 5(3): 4.5(3): 5(3): 4.5(2.5): 4(2.5): 4(2.5): 4(2.5): 4(2.5): 7(2) Mesosoma. FEMALE: Lateral surface of pronotum coriaceous. Subpronotal plate not projected, dorsal margin pubescent. Scutum coriaceous, punctate, punctuations small and dense, distance between them smaller than their diameter. Lateral line incomplete, present on basal 2/3, antero-admedian lines weak, reaching 1/3-1/2 scutum length, parallel. Median mesoscutal line absent. Notauli narrow; notauli and median mesoscutal furrow with effaced transverse striae. Area between notauli not prominent in lateral view. Parascutal sulcus narrow, ending in front of tegula, smooth, with some scattered setae. Mesopleuron carinate, coriaceous on anterior 1/3, smooth posteriorly. Scutellum 0.88 times scutum length, sharply emarginate. Scutellar foveae deep, carinate longitudinally, scutellar pits absent. Interfoveal carina and longitudinal carinae inside foveae continuing along scutellar disc until end of scutellar spine. Scutellar disc coriaceous, with longitudinal carinae, weak near scutellar foveae and stronger posteriorly, straight in lateral view. Scutellar spine thin, 0.43 times length of scutellar disc, coriaceous, longitudinally striate, straight in lateral view. MALE: Scutellar foveae sharply carinate longitudinally. Scutellum as long as scutum. Scutellar spine shorter, 0.5 times length of scutellar disc Wing. FEMALE: Wing membrane slightly hyaline. Radial cell 2 times longer than wide. Wing pubescence reduced. Marginal pubescence present basally. R1 short but sometimes with shadow reaching the margin. R2 straight, slightly curved near dorsal margin. RS+M slightly marked by a shadow. MALE: Radial cell 2.33 times longer than wide. Derivatio nominis. Dedicated to Miguel Carles-Tolrà, friend of the authors and a great entomologist. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Nearctic: Canada (Alberta)., Published as part of ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2013, Revision of the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) , pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3606 (1) on pages 20-21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3606.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259487

Aspicera forshzarai Pujade-Villar & Ros-Farré n. sp. (Figs 1a, 44a & b) Onychia aculeata by Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1832; missidentification Dahlbom, 1842 Aspicera aculeata det. Dahlbom (non O. aculeata Boyer de Fonscolombe) in Thomson, 1862 Type material (1♂ & 8♀). HOLOTYPE ♀ deposited in MZLU, with the following labels: “Ausas _ 39” (white label, handwritten), “ On. aculeata Dlbm. 9.3.” (white label, handwritten), “Lectotypus Onychia aculeata Dahlb. 1842, det. M. Soderlund, 1978” (red label), “1978-131” (white label), “ZML 2001 263” (green label), “HOLOTYPE Aspicera forshzarai ♀ design. JP-V-2011” (red label), “ Aspicera forshzarai ♀ Pujade-Villar & Ros-Farré n. sp. ” (white label); SWEDEN. PARATYPES: AUSTRIA: 1♀ (CNCI) 21/VIII/1960, Wien, Wienerwald, W. R. M. Mason leg., “ PARATYPE Aspicera forshzarai ♀ Pujade-Villar & Ros-Farré n. sp ” (red label); GERMANY: 1♀ (HNHM) 1948, Crefeld, Ulbricht, Coll. Z. Kiss. E., “ PARATYPE Aspicera forshzarai ♀ Pujade-Villar & Ros-Farré n. sp ”; 1♀ (ZSM) 2/IX/1956, Freiburg, U. Rödel. K. Ermisch leg., Eberswalde coll., “ PARATYPE Aspicera forshzarai ♀ Pujade-Villar & Ros-Farré n. sp ”; 1♀ (ZSM) 31/VIII/1956, Leipzig Süd., K. Ermisch. Leg., Eberswalde coll., “ PARATYPE Aspicera forshzarai ♀ Pujade-Villar & Ros-Farré n. sp ”; 1♀ (ZSM) 5/VII/1957, Leipzig Umg., K. Ermisch leg., Eberswalde coll., “ PARATYPE Aspicera forshzarai ♀ Pujade-Villar & Ros-Farré n. sp ” HUNGARY: 1♂ (PDL) 28/VIII/1957, Ludanyharaszti, Liptay leg., “ PARATYPE Aspicera forshzarai ♂ Pujade-Villar & Ros-Farré n. sp ”; 1♀ (CNCI) 23/VIII/1937, Hyerbettek. 18146H35 3000I, Host Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.)., “ PARATYPE Aspicera forshzarai ♀ Pujade-Villar & Ros-Farré n. sp” SWEDEN: 1♀ (MZLU) 1978-129. ZML; 2001-268., “ PARATYPE Aspicera forshzarai ♀ Pujade-Villar & Ros-Farré n. sp ”. Additional material (6♂ & 9♀): SWEDEN (unknown locality ): 1♂ (UB) 1978-128, ZML. 2001-267. 1♂ (MZLU) 2/VII/1879, Ryd., 1978-126, ZML. 2001-265; 1♂ (MZLU) Sh. F. 1978-127, ZML 2001-266; 1♀ (UB) Ld. 1978-130, ZML. 2001-269; 8♀ (MZLU) Without label data, only: 12/7; 10/7;1/7; 27/5, ZML. 2001-273; 2♂ (MZLU) Without label data, only 12/7; 7/8, ZML. 2001-273; 1♂ (UB) 6/59, ZML. 2001-273. Diagnosis. Aspicera forshzarai has some characters that are unique in the genus Aspicera: sharp occipital carina, pronotal and subpronotal plates very conspicuous, scutellar spine long, robust and sharply carinate longitudinally. Description Length. Female 4–5.5 mm.; male 3.6–5.2 mm. Coloration. Head, mesosoma and metasoma brown to black. Leg medium to light brown. Scape and pedicellum dark brown to black, flagellomeres medium to light brown. Head. Frons coriaceous, with very sharp oblique carinae, lateral facial carinae prominent, space between them with one or two transverse carinae. Lateral frontal carinae very weakly curved, sharp. Area between compound eye and lateral frontal carinae with sharp transverse carinae. Gena in lateral view rounded, slightly expanded, coriaceous, transversely carinate. Vertex incised, with very sharp and prominent rugose carinae. Ocelli prominent. Occipital carina very sharp. Occiput coriaceous, with sharp longitudinal carinae on dorsal 1/3, few sharp transverse carinae on basal 2/3. Antenna. FEMALE. Filiform. Antennal formula: 11(9): 4(6): 15(5): 15(5): 16(5): 15(5): 14(6): 13(6): 12(6): 11(6): 11(6): 11(6): 21(6) MALE. Filiform. F1 slightly modified. Antennal formula: 9(8): 6(4): 14(5): 15(5): 16(5.5): 15(6): 14(6): 13.5(6): 13(6): 12(6): 12(6): 12(5.5): 11.5(5.5): 17(5) Mesosoma. FEMALE. Lateral surface of pronotum coriaceous, sharply carinate transversely. Subpronotal plate sharply projected, dorsal margin nearly glabrous. Scutum coriaceous, with conspicuous transverse carinae. Lateral line complete, very conspicuous. Antero-admedian lines sharp, prominent, reaching 1/2 scutum length, straight; median ridge sharp. Notauli and median mesoscutal furrow smooth, with clear transverse carinae. Area between notauli and end of median mesoscutal sulcus slightly prominent in lateral view. Parascutal sulcus ending near anterior end of notauli, pubescent mostly anteriorly, with sharp coriaceous sculpture, weaker near basal part. Mesopleuron intensely coriaceous on ventral area and anterior 2/3, smooth or alutaceous on dorsoposterior area. Scutellum 1–1.3 times scutum length, sharply emarginate. Scutellar foveae rugose, scutellar pits shallow, large, conspicuous. Interfoveal carina prominent, continuing along scutellar disc until end of scutellar spine. Scutellar disc and spine coriaceous with very sharp longitudinal carinae with deep furrows between them. Scutellar disc straight in lateral view. Scutellar spine long, 0.8–1.1 times length of scutellar disc, very sharp, wide, on same plane as scutellar disc and flat in lateral view. MALE. Scutellum 1.0–1.6 times scutum length. Scutellar spine long, 0.6–1.0 times length of scutellar disc. Wing. FEMALE. Wing membrane hyaline. Radial cell 2.2–2.6 longer than wide. Wing pubescence reduced. Marginal pubescence short. R 1 long. R 2 slightly curved. Rs+M marked by a shadow. MALE. Radial cell 2.1–2.4 longer than wide. Derivatio nominis. Species dedicated to Mattias Forshage and Miguel Ángel Alonso Zarazaga for his outstanding contribution to solve the problem of three species determined by Dahlbom that were misinterpreted by later authors (ediogaster, bicolor and aculeata). Biology. According to label data: host of Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785) (Hym., Diprionidae). Distribution. Western Palaearctic. Originally recorded from Sweden (Dahlbom, 1842) and Italy (Kieffer, 1904); here recorded from Austria, Germany and Hungary. Comments. Dahlbom (1842: 9–10) determined some specimens as Onychia aculeata (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1832). Thomson (1862: 419) considered erroneously this determination as a species described by Dahlbom and transferred it to Aspicera, and Dalla Torre & Kieffer (1910) considered this material as ‘ dubida species ’ writing in Dalla Torre & Kieffer (1910: 57): ‘ A. sp (Dahlbom)’. According to articles 12.1, 12.2, 49 y 72.7 of the IZN Code, Aspicera aculeata (Dahlbom) Thomson is not a valid species, because it is a Dahlbom’s misidentification of O. aculeata (Boyer de Fonscolmbe), then ‘ aculeata ’ from Dahlbom and Thomson are unavailable names. The specimen determined by Dahlbom had the numeration 9.3, according to Dahlbom (1842). We have examined this specimen and conclude that it belongs to the new species described here as A. forshzarai., Published as part of ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2013, Revision of the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) , pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3606 (1) on pages 26-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3606.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259487, {"references":["Boyer de Fonscolombe E. L. J. H. (1832) Description des Insectes de la famille des Diplolepaires qui se trouvent aux environs d'Aix. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 26, 184 - 198.","Dahlbom, G. (1842) Onychia och Callaspidia. tvenne for Skanidnaviens Fauna nya Insekt-Slagen, horande till Gallaple- Stekelarnes naturlinga grupp. Lund, Tryckt uti Akademiska Boktryckeriet, 1 - 16 + 9 Figs","Thomson, C. G. (1862) Forsok till uppstallning och beskrifning af Sveriges Figiter. Ofversigt af Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps- Akad: s forhandl, 18, 395 - 420.","Fourcroy, A. F. de (1785) Entomologia Parisiensis, sive catalogus Insectorum, quae in agro parisiensi reperiuntus - secundum methodam Geoffraeriam in sectiones, genera et species distributii; cui addita sunt nomina trivialia et fere recentae novae species. Vol. 2: 233 - 544 Paris [Note: All new names are authored by Geoffroy and not Fourcroy.]","Kieffer, J. J., (1904) Species des hymenopteres d'Europe & d'Algerie: Les Cynipides. In Andre (Ed.). 7 (2), 748 + 21 pl.","Dalla Torre, K. W. von & Kieffer, J. J. (1910) Cynipidae. Das Tierreich, v. 24. Berlin. 891 pp. Diaz, 1979"]}

Xyalaspis rugosa Hartig, 1843 status restored ‘species inquirenda ’ Xyalaspis rugosus Hartig, 1843: 417 Aspicera rugosa (Hartig) Kieffer, 1898: 266-7 After examining the type material (1♀) deposited in ZSM, we consider that this species must be included again within Xyalaspis (Anacharitinae)., Published as part of ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2013, Revision of the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) , pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3606 (1) on pages 57-58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3606.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259487, {"references":["Hartig, T. (1843) Zweiter Nachtrag zur Naturgeschichte der Gallwespen. Zeitschrift fur die Entomologie, herausgeben von Ernst Friedrich Germar, 4, 395 - 422.","Kieffer, J. J. (1898) Uber neue und bekannte Cynipiden. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 17, 257 - 267."]}

Aspicera zuparcoi Ros-Farré & Pujade-Villar n. sp. (Figs 35a & b) Type material: (1♂). HOLOTYPE deposited in CAS, with the following labels: “E. Fallschurch, Va, june 28 ” (white label), “on flowers of Parsnip.” (white label), “ Aspicera sp. ” (white label), “Holotype ♂, Aspicera zuparcoi n. sp. Ros-Farré & Pujade-Villar 2005 det.” (red label), USA. Diagnosis. Aspicera zuparcoi is similar to A. dianae and A. kiefferi having sharp median scutellar carina and thin scutellar spine, but A. zuparcoi has deeper scutellar foveae than A. kiefferi, and sculpture inside them is much stronger than in A. dianae. Description Length. Male 2.85 mm.; female unknown. Coloration. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Scape black, pedicellum and flagellomeres dark brown. Leg medium to light brown. Wing veins very light brown. Head. Frons coriaceous, rugose. Lateral frontal carinae slightly curved. Area between compound eye and lateral frontal carinae coriaceous. Gena in lateral view rounded, not expanded, shiny, weakly coriaceous, with sharp transverse carinae. Vertex slightly incised, rugose. Ocelli weakly prominent. Occiput coriaceous, with very thin longitudinal carinae dorsally. Antenna. Filiform. F1 clearly excavated. Antennal formula: 7(6): 4(3): 11(5): 9.5(5): 9(4.5): 9(4.5): 9(4.5): 9(4.5): 8.5(4): 8(4): 8(4): 8(4): 7.5(4): 12(4). Mesosoma. Lateral surface of pronotum sharply coriaceous. Subpronotal plate not projected, dorsal margin pubescent. Scutum coriaceous/granulate, with some short transverse carinae. Lateral line incomplete, very noticeable on ventral half. Antero-admedian lines short, reaching 1/3 scutum length, slightly parallel; median ridge sharp. Notauli wide on posterior half, with many fine transverse carinae, median mesoscutal furrow almost smooth, with some weak transverse carinae. Area between notauli slightly prominent in lateral view. Parascutal sulcus with scattered setae and clearly alutaceous on anterior 1/3. Mesopleuron with oblique carinae and coriaceous on anterior 1/3, smooth posteriorly. Scutellum 0.93 times scutum length, clearly emarginate posteriorly. Scutellar foveae sharply rugose and deep, scutellar pits absent. Interfoveal carina sharply prominent, noticeable in lateral view, continuing along scutellar disc to beginning of scutellar spine. Scutellar disc sharply coriaceous to granulate, rugose, with sinuous longitudinal carinae, slightly sloping towards basis of scutellar spine in lateral view. Scutellar spine 0.53 times length of scutellar disc, thin, with fine longitudinal carinae, straight in lateral view. Wing. Wing membrane hyaline. Radial cell 2.48 times longer than wide. Wing pubescence reduced. Marginal pubescence absent. R 1 long. R 2 straight. Rs+M absent. Derivatio nominis. Dedicated to Robert Zuparco, curator of the California Academy of Sciences. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Nearctic: USA (Virginia)., Published as part of ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2013, Revision of the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) , pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3606 (1) on page 55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3606.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259487

Neralsia rufipes (Cresson, 1865) Aspicera rufipes Cresson, 1865: 6–7 Xyalosema evanescens Kieffer, 1907c: 157. Synonymized by Jiménez et al., 2008: 54 Neralsia evanescens (Kieffer) Weld, 1930: 138 Neralsia incompleta Jiménez & Pujade-Villar, 2006, in Pujade-Villar et al. (2006: 47). Synonymized by Jiménez & Pujade-Villar, 2008: 54 Neralsia rufipes (Cresson) Jiménez et al., 2008: 54 Aspicera rufipes Cresson has recently been transferred to Neralsia (Jiménez et al., 2008)., Published as part of ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2013, Revision of the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) , pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3606 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3606.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259487, {"references":["Cresson, E. T., (1865) On the Hymenoptera of Cuba. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4, 1 - 200 [Cynipoidea on pp. 4 - 8, fig. 2].","Kieffer, J. J. (1907 c) Beschreibung neuer parasitischer Cynipiden aus Zentral- und Nord-Amerika. Entomol. Entoniologische Zeitschrift, 21, 157 - 158.","Jimenez, R. M. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2008) Revision de las especies de Neralsia de Centroamerica y las Antillas, con la descripcion de once especies nuevas (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae: Figitinae). Dugesiana, 15 (1), 45 - 68.","Weld, L. H. (1930) Notes on types (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). Proccedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 32 (8), 137 - 144.","Pujade-Villar, J., Paretas-Martinez, J. & Jimenez, M. (2006) Description of a new species of Neralsia with a wide distribution in the American continent: N. incompleta n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Figitinae). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 42 (1), 45 - 49."]}

Aspicera caminali Ros-Farré n. sp. (Figs 1b, 46a & b) Type material: (3♂ & 1♀). HOLOTYPE female (PDL) 18/VI/1994, Vas m. Szalafö, Felsöszer, HUNGARY, G. Melika leg. PARATYPES Unknown locality: 1♂ (ZSM) 2/VII/1896. Coll. Konow, Aspicera spec. Des. Kerrich, IX/1932, Eberswalde coll. ZSM.; 1♂ (ZSM) Aspicera ediogaster Rossi, coll Konow, Eberswalde coll. ZSM.; 1♂ (ZSM) 2/ VI /1900, coll Konow, Aspicera brevispina kieff, det. Hedicke, Eberswakde coll. ZSM. Additional material: (9♂ & 1♀): 1♂ (ZML) 8/7, ZML 2001-272; 1♂ (UB) 8/7, ZML 2001-272; 3♂ (MZLU) 9/7, ZML 2001-272; 1♂ (MZLU) 28/7, ZML 2001-272; 1♂ (UB) 14/7, ZML 2001-272; 1♂ (MNHN-Paris) Proter; 1♂ (MZLU) 4/7, ZML 2001-274; 1♀ (UB) 2/7/87, Aspicera ediogaster Rossi, coll Konow, Eberswalde coll. ZSM. Diagnosis. Aspicera caminali belongs to the group of species with sharp longitudinal carinae on occiput, sharp transverse carinae on lateral surface of pronotum, scutellar disc flat in lateral view and notauli sharply carinate transversely. This species is characterized having a robust scutellar spine, which is not sharply long, and scutellar disc with sharp, prominent and sinuous carinae. Description Length. Female 4.0 to 5.45 mm.; male 3.35 to 5.0 mm. Coloration. Variable. Holotype black, including antenna and leg; other specimens have antenna and leg medium to light brown. Mesosoma black with lighter patches, in one specimen entire mesosoma light brown. Head. Frons coriaceous, with rugose carinae. Lateral frontal carinae straight, divergent, only curved near antennal foramina. Area between compound eye and lateral frontal carinae with sharp transverse carinae. Gena in lateral view rounded, slightly expanded, coriaceous, with transverse carinae. Vertex not incised, rugose with coriaceous microsculpture. Ocelli slightly prominent. Occiput coriaceous with conspicuous longitudinal carinae on dorsal 1/3, noticeable transverse carinae on basal 2/3. Antenna. FEMALE. Filiform. Antennal formula: 13(7.5): 3.5(6): 13.5(6): 13.5(6): 12(6): 12(6): 11(6): 11(6): 10.5(6): 10(6): 10(6): 10(6): 15(6). MALE. Filiform. F1 sharply excavated. Antennal formula: 9(7): 4(5): 16(6): 12.5(5): 12.5(5): 12(5): 11.5(5): 11.5(5): 11(5): 10.5(5): 10(5): 10(5): 9(4.5): 16(4.5). Mesosoma. FEMALE. Lateral surface of pronotum coriaceous with transverse carinae. Subpronotal plate only projected on ventral half, dorsal margin nearly glabrous. Scutum coarsely coriaceous with some transverse carinae, more evident near ventral margin. Lateral line complete, very conspicuous. Antero-admedian lines sharp, prominent, reaching 1/2 scutum length, straight or slightly confluent; median ridge sharp. Notauli and median mesoscutal furrow shiny, with transverse carinae. Area between notauli not prominent in lateral view. Parascutal sulcus ending near anterior end of notauli, pubescent and rugose anteriorly, smooth and glabrous posteriorly. Mesopleuron coriaceous with punctate sculpture on ventral area and anterior 1/4, smooth on dorsoposterior area. Scutellum 0.95–1.05 times scutum length, sharply emarginate. Scutellar foveae slightly alutaceous or smooth, scutellar pits shallow. Interfoveal carina prominent, continuing along scutellar disc until beginning of scutellar spine. Scutellar disc coriaceous, flat, with sharp prominent and sinuous longitudinal carinae and short transverse carinae, sloping towards basis of scutellar spine in lateral view. Scutellar spine sharp, 0.55 to 0.65 times length of scutellar disc, sharply striate, directed downwards in lateral view. MALE. Parascutal sulcus almost smooth, with few scattered setae anteriorly. Scutellum 0.96–1.10 times scutum length. Scutellar pits larger than in female, reaching almost middle of scutellar disc. Scutellar spine 0.5–0.7 times length of scutellar disc, narrower and longer than in female. Wing. FEMALE. Wing membrane yellowish. Radial cell 2.0–2.3 longer than wide. Wing pubescence slightly reduced. Marginal pubescence dense. R 1 long not reaching wing margin, even if sometimes there is a shadow reaching the margin. R 2 straight, sharply curved near margin of wing. Rs+M marked by a shadow. MALE. Radial cell 2.1–2.3 longer than wide. Derivatio nominis. Dedicated to Cesar Caminal Moro, brother in law of the authors. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Western Palaearctic: Hungary., Published as part of ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2013, Revision of the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) , pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3606 (1) on pages 18-19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3606.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259487

Aspicera elisendae Ros-Farré n. sp. (Figs 14a & b) Type material: (1♂). HOLOTYPE female (CNCI) 4–14/VIII/1989, Ibaraki, Tsukuba, Niaes, JAPAN, M. Sharkey leg. (Fit and MT). Diagnosis. A. elisendae can be easily recognized because the scutellum lacks longitudinal carinae and interfoveal carina, and the scutellar spine is very long (1.25 times length of scutellar disc). Moreover, A. elisendae lacks transverse carinae on occiput; all other species without transverse carinae on occiput have a very much sharp median scutellar carina. Description Length. Male 3.1 mm.; female unknown. Coloration. Head and mesosoma black except tegula light brown. Scape and pedicellum black, flagellomeres dark brown. Leg medium brown. Metasoma dark brown. Wing veins light brown. Head. Frons coriaceous, lateral frontal carinae complete, straight. Area between lateral frontal carinae and compound eye coriaceous. Lateral facial carina following same direction than frontal edges, lateral frontal carinae and lateral facial carina are continuous. Gena in lateral view rounded, not expanded, coriaceous, with very weak transverse carinae. Vertex not incised, coriaceous, rugose. Ocelli weakly prominent. Occiput coriaceous with incomplete and weak transverse carinae basally and rugose carinae dorsally. Antenna. Filiform. Antennal formula: 6(5): 3.5(4.5): 11(4.5): 12(4.5): 12(4): 12.5(4): 12(4.5): 12(4): 11(4): 10(4): 10(4): 10(4): 10(4): 14(4) Mesosoma. Lateral surface of pronotum coriaceous with sinuous transverse carinae. Subpronotal plate weakly projected on dorsal half, sharply projected on ventral half, dorsal margin with few scattered setae. Scutum coriaceous, with weak transverse carinae mostly between antero-admedian lines. Lateral line complete, very sharp, antero-admedian lines sharp, prominent, reaching 1/3 scutum length, parallel; median ridge prominent. Notauli and median mesoscutal furrow with small transverse carinae, weakly coriaceous. Area between notauli prominent in lateral view. Parascutal sulcus ending near anterior end of notauli, coriaceous, with few scattered setae. Mesopleuron weakly coriaceous on anterior 1/3, smooth posteriorly. Scutellum 1.19 times scutum length, not emarginate. Scutellar foveae transversely oval, deep, with some rugose sculpture, scutellar pits shallow. Interfoveal carina absent. Scutellar disc flat, coriaceous, with some rugose sculpture, slightly sloping downwards in lateral view. Scutellar spine wide, very long, 1.25 times length of scutellar disc, coriaceous, carinate on first 1/4 and with striae on distal 3/4, slightly directed downwards in lateral view. Wing. Wing membrane hyaline. Radial cell 2.46 times longer than wide. Wing pubescence not reduced. Marginal pubescence long, dense, starting posterior to R 2. R 1 long. R 2 slightly curved. Derivatio nominis. Dedicated to Elisenda Ros i Farré, sister of the first author. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Eastern Palaearctic: Japan., Published as part of ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2013, Revision of the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) , pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3606 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3606.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259487

Prosaspicera tropica (Kieffer, 1910) (= Aspicera africana Kinsey, 1919) Aspicera tropica Kieffer, 1910: 20 Aspicera africana Kinsey, 1919: 162–163. Synonymized by Ros-Farré & Pujade-Villar, 2006: 55 Prosaspicera tropica (Kieffer) Weld, 1952: 167 Aspicera kinsantua Benoit, 1956: 203. Synonymized by Ros-Farré & Pujade-Villar, 2006: 55 Prosaspicera africana (Kinsey) Quinlan, 1979: 106 Prosaspicera kinsantua (Benoit) Quinlan, 1979: 107 Prosaspicera africana (Kinsey) has recently been synonymyzed with Prosaspicera tropica (Kieffer, 1910) (Ros-Farré & Pujade-Villar, 2006)., Published as part of ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2013, Revision of the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) , pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3606 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3606.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259487, {"references":["Kieffer, J. J. (1910) Serphidae, Cynipidae, Chalcididae, Evaniidae und Stephanidae aus Aquatorialafrika. Wissenschaftliche Ergibnisse der Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1907 - 1908, 33 (2), 17 - 21.","Kinsey, A. C. (1919) An African Figitidae. Psyche, 26 (6), 162 - 163.","Ros-Farre, P. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2006) Revision of the genus Prosaspicera Kieffer, 1907 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae). Zootaxa, 1379, 1 - 102.","Weld, L. H. (1952) Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera). 1905 - 1950. Privately printed, Ann. Arbor. Michigan, 351 pp.","Benoit, P. L. G. (1956) Figitidae- Aspicerinae nouveaux du Congo Belge. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 53 (1 - 2), 195 - 204.","Quinlan, J. (1979) A revisionary classification of the Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera) of the Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region. Aspicerinae (Figitidae) and Oberthuerellinae (Liopteridae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Entomoligy, 39 (2), 85 - 133.","Pujade-Villar, J., Paretas-Martinez, J. & Jimenez, M. (2006) Description of a new species of Neralsia with a wide distribution in the American continent: N. incompleta n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Figitinae). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 42 (1), 45 - 49."]}

Aspicera danielssoni Ros-Farré & Pujade-Villar n. sp. (Figs 49a & b) Type material: (3♂). HOLOTYPE male (PDL) 13/VII/1959, Budaörs, HUNGARY, Solymosne leg.; PARATYPES: (2♂) HUNGARY: 1♂ (PDL) 26/V/1959, Taváros, Solymosne leg.; 1♂ (UB) 19/IX/1963, Veszlev csárda, Moczár leg. Diagnosis. Aspicera danielssoni belongs to the group of species with sharp longitudinal carinae on occiput, sharp transverse carinae on lateral surface of pronotum, scutellar disc flat in lateral view and notauli transversely carinate. A. danielssoni is similar to A. longispina, but A. danielssoni is a small insect (malesA. longispina is robust (males>3.0mm., females> 3.4mm.), with weak or absent transverse carinae on scutum and notauli weakly carinate transversely. Description Length. Male 2.3–2.7 mm; female unknown. Coloration. Head and mesosoma black. Metasoma dark reddish brown. Scape and pedicellum dark brown, flagellomeres medium brown. Coxa and trocanter black to dark brown, remaining leg segments medium to light brown. Wing veins medium brown. Head. Frons conspicuously rugose, coriaceous. Lateral frontal carinae straight, divergent. Area between compound eye and lateral frontal carinae with transverse carinae. Gena in lateral view rounded, slightly expanded, coriaceous, with transverse carinae. Vertex not incised, with sharp rugose sculpture or transverse rugae and some coriaceous microsculpture. Ocelli quite prominent. Occiput coriaceous, longitudinal carinae of dorsal 1/3 variable between rugose and straight, variable sharp transverse carinae on basal 2/3. Antenna. Filiform. F1 sharply excavated. Antennal formula: 10(7): 3.5(5): 12.5(5): 9(4.5): 10(4.5): 10(4.5): 10(4.5): 10(4.5): 10(4): 8.5(4): 8(4): 8(4): 8(4): 12(4) Mesosoma. Lateral surface of pronotum coriaceous with transverse rugose carinae. Subpronotal plate not projected, dorsal margin pubescent. Scutum coriaceous, with transverse carinae. Lateral line complete, very conspicuous. Antero-admedian lines sharp, prominent, reaching 1/3–1/2 scutum length, straight; median ridge sharp. Notauli and median mesoscutal furrow with sharp transverse carinae and weak small transverse rugae. Area between notauli not prominent in lateral view. Parascutal sulcus very wide, ending near anterior end of notauli, with scattered setae, weakly alutaceous mostly on anterior half. Mesopleuron sculptured on ventral area and anterior 1/3 smooth on dorsoposterior area. Scutellum 0.95 to 1.1 times scutum length, emarginate. Scutellar foveae slightly alutaceous, scutellar pits deep. Interfoveal carina prominent continuing along scutellar disc and first 2/3 of scutellar spine. Scutellar disc flat, coriaceous, with two sharp longitudinal carinae on each side, straight in lateral view, at the same level as scutellar spine. Scutellar spine long, slender, 0.75–0.8 times length of scutellar disc, striate longitudinally, straight in lateral view. Wing. Wing membrane slightly yelowish. Radial cell 2.2–2.6 times longer than wide. Wing pubescence not reduced. Marginal pubescence dense. R 1 long. R 2 straight, Rs+M weakly pigmented. Derivatio nominis. Dedicated to Roy Danielsson, colleague and friend of us; we are very thankful for his patience on the loans of the material studied here. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Western Palaearctic: Hungary., Published as part of ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2013, Revision of the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) , pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3606 (1) on pages 22-23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3606.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259487

Aspicera rugosa (Hartig, 1843) This species does not belong to the genus Aspicera (see section addenda), Published as part of ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2013, Revision of the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) , pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3606 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3606.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259487, {"references":["Hartig, T. (1843) Zweiter Nachtrag zur Naturgeschichte der Gallwespen. Zeitschrift fur die Entomologie, herausgeben von Ernst Friedrich Germar, 4, 395 - 422."]}

Aspicera julii Ros-Farré & Pujade-Villar n. sp. (Figs 32a & b) Type material: (1♀). HOLOTYPE female (CNCI) 20/VII/1953, Obergurgl Tirol, 1950m, J. R. Vockeroth leg., AUSTRIA. Diagnosis. Aspicera julii belongs to the group of species with prominent interfoveal carina and lateral surface of pronotum lacking sharp transverse carinae. A. julii is similar to A. proxima having scutellum slightly convex; they can be differentiated by the scutellar foveae, which are slightly carinate in A. proxima and coriaceous posteriorly in A. julii, and by the notauli, wide in A. proxima and narrow in A. julii. Description Length. Female 3.1 mm.; male unknown. Coloration. Head, antenna, mesosoma and metasoma black. Leg dark to medium brown. Wing veins medium brown. Head. Frons coriaceous, with punctate sculpture and small carinae on dorsal half. Lateral frontal carinae weak near antennal foramina, divergent. Area between compound eye and lateral frontal carinae with transverse carinae. Gena in lateral view rounded, expanded, coriaceous, transversely carinate. Vertex weakly incised, coriaceous, punctate. Ocelli weakly prominent. Occiput coriaceous weakly carinate. Antenna. Filiform. F1 modified. Antennal formula: 5(3): 2(2.5): 6.5(3): 5(2.5): 5(2.5): 5(2.5): 5(2.5): 5.5(2.5): 5(2.5): 5(2.5): 4.5(2.5): 4.5(2.5): 7.5(2). Mesosoma. Lateral surface of pronotum coriaceous, weakly striate. Subpronotal plate not projected, dorsal margin pubescent with a small glabrous area on center. Scutum coriaceous, punctate. Lateral line conspicuous, incomplete. Antero-admedian lines narrow, reaching 1/3 scutum length, parallel; median ridge narrow. Notauli narrow, slightly striate. Median mesoscutal furrow narrow. Area between notauli not prominent in lateral view. Parascutal sulcus ending near anterior end of notauli, pubescent anteriorly, alutaceous. Mesopleuron striate basally and on anterior 1/3. Scutellum 0.72 times scutum length, emarginate laterally. Scutellar foveae coriaceous posteriorly, scutellar pits very shallow. Interfoveal carina prominent, noticeable in lateral view, continuing along scutellar disc to beginning of scutellar spine. Scutellar disc slightly swollen posterior to scutellar foveae, carinate longitudinally, slightly sloping towards basis of scutellar spine in lateral view. Scutellar spine 0.3 times length of scutellar disc, narrow, coriaceous, slightly directed downwards in lateral view. Wing. Wing membrane hyaline. Radial cell 1.7 times longer than wide. Wing pubescence not reduced. Marginal pubescence present from R 2. R 1 long. R 2 straight. Rs+M clearly marked by a smoked shadow. Derivatio nominis. Dedicated to Juli Pujade i Ros, son of the authors. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Western Palaearctic: Austria., Published as part of ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2013, Revision of the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842 (Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) , pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3606 (1) on page 32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3606.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259487