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Background: Indirect pulp treatment (IPT) has been a minimally invasive procedure for deep dentinal caries with considerable success. IPT is a procedure which involves excavation of infected dentin and keeping affected dentin intact, followed by application of IPT agent and restoration. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare clinical and radiographic outcomes of IPT with silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and calcium hydroxide in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: The present study is a prospective, parallel, randomized controlled trial. The study was conducted with a sample size of 50 primary molars in 4 to 7 year old children. In Group A, 25 teeth each were considered for SDF whereas, 25 teeth for calcium hydroxide IPT (Group B). Clinical and radiographic outcomes were evaluated at baseline, three and six months and were compared for both the groups. Data obtained was analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Level of significance was set at p

Background/purpose ProRoot MTA, Vitapex, and Metapex are widely used for pulp treatment of primary tooth. The aim of this study was to compare the pulpal responses to ProRoot MTA, Vitapex, and Metapex in a canine model of pulpotomy. Materials and methods Pulpotomy procedure was performed to 34 teeth (21 incisors and 13 premolars) and ProRoot MTA, Vitapex or Metapex was applicated to artificially exposed pulp tissues. After 13 weeks, the teeth were extracted and processed with hematoxylin-eosin staining for histologic evaluation. All specimens were evaluated in several categorys related to calcific barrier, inflammatory responses and the area of calcific barrier formation was measured. Results Most of the specimens in the ProRoot MTA group developed a calcific barrier at the pulp amputation site and showed a low level of inflammatory response. However, in comparison to ProRoot MTA group, a small amount of calcific barrier formed in Vitapex and Metapex groups. Conclusion This in vivo study found that Vitapex and Metapex induced similar pulpal responses but showed poor outcomes compared with using ProRoot MTA. Vitapex and Metapex are therefore not good substitutes for ProRoot MTA in direct pulp capping and pulpotomy.

Objetivo: Comparar la penetración de la pasta Tri-antibiótica fórmula convencional y modificada (3MIX-MP Y 3MIX-P) en piezas dentarias deciduas con tratamiento pulpar previo, en diferentes periodos de tiempo. Metodología: Se recolectaron 80 piezas dentarias deciduas que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Luego se realizaron los tratamientos de pulpectomía convencional. Se realizó la preparación de las pastas 3MIX-MP y 3MIX- P, una vez obtenida la pasta se procedió a colocar en la entrada de los conductos de las piezas dentarias y se realizó la obturación definitiva. Se esperó los tiempos establecidos para realizar los cortes de las piezas dentarias en cada grupo a las 24, 48, 72 horas y 168 horas; se observaron y realizaron las mediciones con ayuda del microscopio estereoscópico. Resultados: la pasta 3MIX-MP penetró hasta nivel del tercio apical del conducto obturado a las 24, 48, 72 y 168 horas de realizado el tratamiento en el conducto obturado, y la pasta 3MIX-P logró penetrar tercio cervical del conducto radicular a las 24 horas de realizado el tratamiento, pero a las 48, 72 y 168 horas logró penetrar hasta el tercio apical. Conclusiones: Existe diferencia en la penetración a las 24 horas de realizado el tratamiento en el conducto obturado, la pasta 3MIX-MP logra penetrar hasta el tercio apical del conducto radicular, es decir, llega hasta el foramen apical y la pasta 3MIX-P solo logra penetrar hasta el tercio cervical del conducto radicular. A las 48, 72 y 168 horas ambas pastas (3MIX-MP, 3MIX-P) logran penetrar hasta el tercio apical.

The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the 24-month success rates of indirect pulp treatment (IPT) and iRoot BP Plus pulpotomy of primary molars with extremely deep caries. Generally healthy children aged 3–7 years requiring general anesthesia for treating primary molars with extremely deep caries or reversible pulpitis were recruited. Patients with systemic disease, mental health problems, or manifestations of irreversible pulpitis were excluded. In total, 175 molars were randomized and blinded for either IPT (n = 87) or iRoot BP Plus pulpotomy (n = 88). All teeth were restored with stainless steel crowns and evaluated after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months by two blinded calibrated investigators. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to compare the survival rates between the groups. The correlations between success rate and patient characteristics were explored with the Cox proportional hazards model. A total of 168 primary molars in 67 patients (average age: 3.83 years) were evaluated. The cumulative survival probability at 24 months was not significantly different between the IPT (93.8%) and pulpotomy (97.7%) groups (P = 0.238). IPT treatment success was significantly associated with age (odds ratio = 2.347; 95% CI: 1.068–5.156; P = 0.034) and preoperative sensitivity (odds ratio = 9.742; 95% CI: 1.079–87.970; P = 0.043). The 24-month success rates of IPT and iRoot BP Plus pulpotomy performed in primary molars with extremely deep caries were not significantly different. Increasing age and preoperative sensitivity were found to be associated with the cumulative survival probability in IPT-treated primary molars with extremely deep caries. Primary teeth with extremely deep carious lesions without signs of irreversible pulpitis can be treated successfully by either indirect pulp capping or iRoot BP Plus pulpotomy. ChiCTR2000032462

The pulp treatment of primary and immature teeth in the children and adolescents is affected by the environment of the patients, clinical careers and dentists performing the techniques, as well as clinical modalities and pulpal diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of pulp treatment performed in real clinical practice, as well as the reasons behind the choice of treatment methods.The study was conducted on a total of 153 members of the Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, and statistical data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) from 2010 to 2018 were analyzed together. Both the survey results and the statistics from the HIRA showed that 1-visit pulpectomies of primary teeth were most common, and the frequency of the use of the Ni-Ti file was increased in children with primary or mixed-dentition. In the treatment of immature permanent teeth, regenerative endodontic treatment by individual dentists was found to be less frequent than in university hospitals.

Background Calcium hydroxide is the most commonly used material in indirect pulp treatment (IPT). However, its drawbacks required its replacement by other materials. Aim This study aims to estimate clinically and radiographically the success of indirect pulp treatment of young permanent molars with either photo-activated oral disinfection (PAD) or calcium hydroxide. Design This Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial included 32 vital first permanent molars with deep caries that were treated by indirect pulp treatment with either PAD (group 1) or calcium hydroxide (group 2). Clinical and radiographic success in addition to newly-formed dentin thickness were evaluated regularly at 2, 6, 9, and 12 months. Results The success for both groups was 100% clinically and radiographically at all follow-up periods. Regarding the mean thickness of newly-formed dentin for both groups at different follow-up periods, there was no statistically significant difference between both groups at 2, 6, 9, and 12 months, with P values = 0.825, 0.146, 0.280, and 0.400, respectively. Conclusions The clinical and radiographic success for indirect pulp treatment of young permanent molars with both PAD and calcium hydroxide were comparable.

AIMS: The utilization of micro‐organisms in pulp and paper industries has proved biobleaching technology as an environmentally friendly alternative to the conventional approach. In this paper, the effect of actinobacterial fermentation broth on pulp biobleaching has been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Actinobacterial colonies were isolated from lignocellulose‐rich soil samples and screened for xylanase production and bleaching activity. The most efficient isolate in bleaching activity showed 100% similarity to Streptomyces rutgersensis. Pulp treatment with 5‐day fermentation broth of this strain showed up to 7% increase in brightness (30°C for 6 h, pH (5–7)) compared to untreated (control) pulp. Also, after 60 min biotreatment, significant reduction (12·5%) in consumption of bleaching chemicals was achieved to obtain final brightness of 55%. CONCLUSION: Actinobacterial fermentation broth can be considered as a rich source of effective biobleaching agents which may be considered as environmental friendly and cost‐effective technique in comparison with traditional method. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Our findings showed ability of S. rutgersensis UTMC 2445 in bleaching chemomechanical paper pulp. Also, two strains of Saccharothrix, a rare actinobacterium, with biobleaching activity were introduced. In the proposed method, there is no need to use purified enzymes, and biobleaching process can be done using the fermentation broth.

BACKGROUND Diverse presentations of dens invaginatus (DI) and root canal treatment with an immature open apex often pose challenges to dentists. Adequate treatment planning for DI is the main reason for successful approach, i.e., we should consider the shape and depth of the concave folding, the condition of the original pulp, and the growth stage of the root formation. CASE SUMMARY A 9-year-old girl complained of severe pain of the right maxillary incisor (tooth 12) when chewing for two weeks. Following clinical and radiographic examinations, Oehlers type III DI of tooth 12, with an immature open apical foramen and a symptomatic periapical pathosis, was diagnosed. Cone-beam computed tomography verified the specific spatial and stereoscopic data regarding the communication between the main root canal and pseudo root canal of the involved tooth. After removing the source of infection, a mineral trioxide aggregate was selected to fill and seal the pseudo root canal; additionally, pulp capping of the main canal was performed through the interconnections between the root canals in the middle segment to preserve pulp vitality and enable continual root formation and eventual root apex closure. CONCLUSION We propose to conduct main root canal pulp capping for DI with communication between the main and pseudo root canals.

BACKGROUND An assessment of the therapeutic effects of vital pulp treatment is based on both clinical and radiological evaluation. OBJECTIVES The aim of the research was a long-term (after 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks) radiological assessment of X-ray absorption by 8 selected materials used for the vital treatment of dental pulp. MATERIAL AND METHODS The materials, prepared in accordance with the manufacturers' recommendations, were placed in molds measuring 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness. The molds with the samples were placed on an occlusal film with an aluminum step wedge, and then X-rayed using an intraoral X-ray unit. After processing, an X-ray image with varying degrees of opacity was obtained. The radiological density of the samples, the step wedge and the background was measured 6 times using a densitometer. The tests were repeated at the following intervals: after 7 days, and after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. The molds with the material samples were stored in an incubator at 37°C and 95% humidity. RESULTS The obtained results were statistically analyzed. The mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) materials exhibited the highest degree of contrast, whereas the lowest radiopacity was shown for the non-setting calcium hydroxide preparations (p < 0.0001). Calcium hydroxide cements presented medium radiopacity values. CONCLUSIONS The radiopacity of all the evaluated materials showed a statistically insignificant increasing tendency with regard to the duration of the experiment. All the tested preparations showed acceptable radiopacity, enabling radiological detection in the course of vital pulp therapy.

Bioactive calcium silicate cement Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) has been used for years as a gold standard in intravital pulp treatment and specialist endodontic procedures. Owing to flaws of the material, the manufacturers have been trying to enhance and produce materials showing improved physical, chemical and biological parameters. One of the new calcium-silicate cements based on mineral trioxide aggregate, however without some flaws exhibited by the cement, is Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Repair High Plasticity (MTA HP). The aim of the present paper was a systematic literature review concerning the MTA HP material used nowadays in dentistry, as a review of its specific features. The present paper is the first article providing a systematic literature review on MTA HP. The aim of the present article is the better understanding of MTA HP properties, which can aid the decision-making process in endodontic treatment.

Over the last 12 months, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) virus has emerged as a significant global health problem with extensive repercussions for the practice of dentistry. As the principle transmission-route is via droplet-spread, aerosol-generating dental procedures (AGPs) present an exquisite challenge, which either has to be avoided or performed using strict infection-control measures, which increase the deployment of resources and cost. This new working environment necessitates the adoption of simplified, yet effective procedures that reduce intervention and minimise clinical chair time to short, single visits. Vital pulp treatment (VPT) has emerged as an attractive, technically less-complicated group of biologically-based management strategies that are aimed at maintaining pulp vitality and avoiding root canal treatment (RCT). These procedures are carried out in a strict aseptic environment using a rubber dam and have a reported high success rate, suggesting that they could be considered as effective and simple alternative therapies to relieve pain and avoid multiple visit RCT and other endodontic procedures. The relevance of promoting a simple, predictable and effective alternative to traditional, more complex dentistry has never been more compelling. In this perspective article, the latest advances in VPT are highlighted, along with an analysis of their relative success and compelling reasons why we as dentists should be adopting these treatment approaches. Thereafter, the indications, case selection, prognostic factors, techniques, limitations and future prospects of these procedures are discussed.

Teniendo en cuenta la complejidad del tratamiento pulpar en una pieza decidua y diversos factores que determinan el éxito clínico como son la anatomía de una pieza decidua, el proceso de reabsorción ya sea de origen fisiológico o por una infección odontogénica, la conducta del paciente, la técnica empleada y la pericia del operador; es de suma importancia que en la práctica odontopediátrica se tenga en cuenta ciertos procedimientos que aseguren la presencia del diente en boca hasta su exfoliación fisiológica, es de esta manera que la Técnica de Endodoncia no Instrumentadas en dientes deciduos es un tema muy importante a tener presente en cuanto a terapia pulpar se refiere. Las pulpectomías no instrumentadas (NIET); termino mal empleado para este procedimiento, ya que la técnica no consiste en realizar una pulpectomía propiamente dicha; en su lugar emplean diversas pastas que tienen por objetivo la desinfección de los conductos radiculares mediante el empleo de sustancias bacteriostáticas y bactericidas y de esta manera permitirán la reparación del los tejidos dañados. El propósito de este artículo fue hacer una revisión de la literatura de todo lo concerniente a Terapia Endodóntica no Instrumentada en dentición decidua. En conclusión se puede decir que dadas las características de la dentición temporal, la cual impide una completa manipulación de los conductos radiculares, el éxito de la pulpectomía depende de la reducción o eliminación de las bacterias no solo dentro del conducto sino también en lugares donde la preparación química y mecánica sea difícil de acceder, en la técnica NIET se utiliza una mezcla de antibióticos para esterilizar el conducto radicular en vez de usar la técnica de instrumentación, las pastas obturadoras asumen un papel fundamental para que la reparación de los elementos dentarios se desenvuelva de acuerdo a los patrones biológicos normales.

Background A major shift has occured in the trend of dealing with dental caries from primary to secondary prevention, specially after SDF approval off-label by US FDA in recent years and Hall Technique (HT) in the last decade. Objectives To determine the frequency of awareness and use of Silver Diammine Fluoride (SDF) and Hall technique among dental professionals in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in a public hospital, metropolitan city of Middle Eastern region between March 15, 2019 & January 31, 2020. Dental practitioners were requested, with their consent, to fill up a digitally designed survey. Chi-square test on SPSS-20.0 was applied to compare frequency of awareness and use of SDF and HALL Technique among the survey participants. Results The awareness of SDF was found to be 73.6% among specialists, 54.9% among graduates and 29.6% among students whereas awareness of HALL technique for stainless steel crown in pediatric dentistry was found statistically similar in all participants groups i.e. 42.7% in students, 55.5% in graduates and 54.9% in specialist group (p = 0.125). Conclusion The results show potential with regards to awareness of dental specialists & postgraduate residents but inadequate among general dentists and students though all were keen advocates and found committed to its use to help the community. It points towards a further need of the of education for all groups. Those non- invasive techniques are very useful tools in general but specifically during Covid-19 pandemic where they can play a major role in preventing the spread of infection, arresting decay, alleviating pain and anxiety without resorting to aggressive treatment like pulp treatment/extraction. Low response rate may be improved in future through the respondents’ counselling and regular follow up.

Purpose: To evaluate clinically, radiographically and histologically the postoperative success of Miswak, Allium sativum and Nigella sativa extracts use in pulpotomy procedures for primary teeth Materials and Method: 92 Primary teeth found in 26 patients were selected according to inclusion criteria. In the first part of the study pulpotomy was accomplished in 20participants having 80 teeth and depending on the type of radicular pulp medicament, the teeth were divided randomly and equally into four groups: Group I (Miswak group),GroupII (Nigella sativa group),GroupIII(Allium sativum group) ,Group IV(formocresol group). Clinical follow up was done after 1,3, and 6 months.Periapical radiographs also were taken at 3and 6months follow up visits only. In the second part of the study 12 primary molars planned for extraction due to orthodontic purpose were treated by pulpotomy procedure and then the teeth were grouped into four groups and then the teeth extracted after 2 months and were observed under light microscope. Results: No statistically significant difference between groups in the overall cumulative clinical or radiographic success at follow up visits. Histopathological examination revealed dentine bridge formation in primary molars treated with Miswak, Nigella sativa treated primary molars showed absense of odontoblastic layer, Allium sativum showedwell organized odontoblastic layer and chronic inflammatorycellular infiltration, whileformocresolspecimens showed sever hyperemia and hyalinization of pulp stroma. Conclusion: Miswak, and Allium sativum can be considered as good natural alternatives to formocresol in primary molars pulpotomy,however Nigella sativa cannot be a suitable substitute to formocresol.

Purpose: To compare the degrees of marginal microleakage undergone by different intermediate materials used for provisional restoration in indirect pulp treatment: glass ionomers (KetacTM Fil Plus (3M ESPE), KetacTM Molar Easy Mix (3M ESPE), Fuji IXTM GP (GC)) and zinc oxide eugenol. Materials and methods: Twenty young permanent premolars, extracted for orthodontic reasons, were prepared by creating Class II cavities and then divided into four groups according to the material used for pulp capping. The materials were applied following the manufacturers' instructions and stained with methylene blue at 2% to evaluate microleakage. Results: Results were evaluated applying variance analysis (ANOVA). It was found that glass ionomers showed better outcomes than zinc oxide eugenol, with Fuji IXTM GP and KetacTM Molar Easy Mix producing the best results. Conclusion: For indirect pulp capping, glass ionomer is a favorable material for reducing one of the main causes of treatment failure - microleakage - although there are differences between brands.

Background: Indirect pulp treatment (IPT) is a minimally invasive procedure based on the application of a protective liner on the affected dentin, thereby preserving the pulp vitality. Aim: This study aims to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of IPT when a layer of calcium hydroxide (Dycal), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), or Biodentine was placed over the affected dentin in primary molars. Materials and Methods: A clinical trial with sample size of 45 primary molars between the age group of 4–9 years, of which 15 teeth were considered, each for Group I (Dycal), Group II (MTA), and Group III (Biodentine). Measurements on digitized radiographs were made at baseline, 3, and 6 months using Corel Draw software. Results: One-way ANOVA and post hoc tests indicated a statistically significant difference in dentin thickness (P < 0.05) in all the groups. Within Group I, the thickness of dentin was 0.066 ± 0.009 mm at 3 months and 0.099 ± 0.011 mm at 6 months. In Group II, 0.081 ± 0.010 mm at 3 months and 0.123 ± 0.016 mm at 6 months. In Group III, 0.102 ± 0.021 mm at 3 months and 0.154 ± 0.022 mm at 6 months. Conclusions: Clinically, 100% success rate was observed in all the groups whereas radiographically, Biodentine was superior to both the groups.

Epidural lysis is known to be one of the therapy methods used following an unsuccessful low back surgery. Despite its proven effectiveness, several complications associated with epidural lysis procedure have been reported. The most common complications are dural perforation, breaking of the catheter and infections. Cauda equina syndrome is a rare complication seen after epidural lysis. A 51-year-old female complaining of lower back pain for six years underwent an epidural lysis procedure at the lumbar 3-4-5 level. Following the procedure, the patient was not able to walk due to weakness starting in both lower extremities, besides, she had fecal and urinary incontinence. After being diagnosed with cauda equina syndrome, a rehabilitation program was administered. After three months, the patient was ambulant with a bilateral dynamic carbon fiber ankle foot orthoses and a walker. It should be kept in mind that serious complications such as cauda equina syndrome, which may considerably affect the patients’ quality of life in a negative way, might develop after an epidural lysis procedure.

WOS: 000410750200007 Objective: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of cemental tears and evaluate its relation with patient gender, age and tooth type in a population of adult dental patients applied to the university hospital in the center Black Sea Region of Turkey. Materials and Methods: Periapical radiographs of 4629 permanent teeth of 1451 adult patients were examined and teeth with cemental tears were recorded. The patients' biographic data and dental history (age, gender and treatment history) from the patient database were also recorded. Possible relationships with the patient age, patient gender, tooth type, tooth region, presence of previous root canal treatment and the presence of apical periodontitis lesions were evaluated. Pearson chi-square test was used to analyze data statistically. Results: Cemental tears were detected in the periapical radiographs of 13 patients (0.89%) of the total 1451 patients. The prevalence of the cemental tears showed no significant relation with the age and gender of the patients or tooth type (p> 0.05). Maxillary teeth showed more cemental tears than the mandibular teeth did (p< 0.05) and significantly more frequent cemental tears were detected in teeth showing periapical lesions (p< 0.05). Conclusion: The presence of cemental tears is a rare entity in dental clinics. However clinicians should consider the presence of cemental tears especially in the examination and treatment planning of teeth with periodontal or periapical involvement.

The treatment modalities for odontomas are generally depend on the tumors size. Small and medium lesions can usually be removed easily allowing preservation of surrounding anatomical structures. In our study, we reported a conservative surgical treatment of a large complex odontoma. A 19-year-old woman was referred to our clinic after an incidentally observed lesion on her right mandibular angle. The patient was symptom-free at the time of visit. Computed tomography (CT) images showed a mass with a size of 3.5 cm x 3 cm x 2 cm. CT sections and tridimensional images showed partially eroded buccal and lingual cortex. Surgical treatment was indicated with an initial diagnosis of compound odontoma. The lesion removed after sectioning with bur and maxillo-mandibular fixation (MMF) were not thought to be necessary while the buccal and lingual cortexes were mostly reliable for preventing a fracture. In our case, the size of the odontoma was suitable for a conservative treatment method and with this modality we managed to prevent a possible fracture and eliminate the disadvantages of MMF.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease which is resulted from loss of dopaminergic neurones in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia and is a characterized by the triad of resting tremor, muscle rigidity, and bradykinesia. PD is an important cause of perioperative morbidity and a major risk factor for postoperative complications in the elderly surgical patients. In these patients, the postoperative risks are determined with the presence of additional diseases, interaction of antiparkinsonian medication and anesthesic drugs. In the patients with PD, general anesthesia may mask neurological symptoms in the intraoperative period so the general anesthesia is preferred in these patients. Randomized clinical trials about the preference of anesthetic technique in the PD are not enough. Premedication, induction and continuation of anesthesia, and drugs for postoperative pain must not affect the dopamine senthesis. Treated for PD for 8 year at the age of 73, a female patient and with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical classification III (chronic kidney disease and chronic obstructive lung disease) was planned for undergoing operation of L4 fracture. In this case, we aimed to report a patient with PD who underwent general anesthesia. During the operation hemodynamic data was stable and the operation was successfully carried out without any complication.

The early loss of deciduous teeth leads to many negations in terms of physiological, functional and aesthetic. The structure of the deciduous teeth causes decay to progress much easier and less time and this is the need for frequent dental pulp treatment to be kept in the mouth. The new materials that will increase the success of deciduous teeth root canal treatment are continuing to investigate. In this study, it is aimed that recently prominent current approaches are to be compiled in root canal treatment of deciduous teeth.

WOS: 000410750200011 Although the overall safety profile of bisphosphonates (BP) is favorable, adverse effects associated with long-term use have came up during recent years. In this report, a case of bilateral incomplete atypical femoral fracture (AFF) due to prolonged BP use was presented. A 69-year-old patient, who has been in surgical menopause for 20 years and was started on BP following vertebral fracture almost 10 years ago, was admitted with thigh pain, which was increased two weeks ago. On physical examination, she had antalgic gait, increased thoracic kyphosis and tenderness to percussion over the thoracolumbar region. Lateral cortical thickness in the subtrochanteric region of both femurs and cortical radiolucency on the left femur were observed on plain radiography. Loss of height in L3 and L4 vertebrae was detected on vertebral radiography. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH) D], parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase and calcium levels, along with osteoporosis markers were all within the normal ranges. As the patient was diagnosed with AFF, BP therapy was terminated and vitamin D-calcium supplementation was continued. Since she did not have severe pain, conservative management (limited weight bearing, using a walking stick) was recommended for 3 months. Teriparatide therapy was started and she was discharged with recommendations. AFF, which is a rare disorder, should be kept in mind in patients on long-term BP treatment who are admitted with thigh pain and, necessary interventions should be tailored before the occurrence of complete fracture.

Objective: Gastroenteritis is the third common cause of death due to infections. After rotavirus, adenoviruses are also one of the reasons frequently seen in gastroenteritis in infants and children. This study is performed to determine the incidence of enteric virus serotype 40 and 41 in children with acute gastroenteritis in order to enable prompt and appropriate treatment. Materials and Methods: Stool specimens of patients who attended our clinic with a diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis between January 2013 and December 2013 were examined for the presence of enteric adenovirus (Ad40 and Ad41) antigen using immunochromatographic methods. Results: One hundred and two stool samples from 3206 were positive for adenovirus antigens. Adenovirus antigen positive-patients aged 0-5 years constituted 82.3% of patients. Adenovirus infections were observed in all seasons of the year. Conclusion: In our country, the epidemiology of adenovirus infection is not known very well. According to the data we obtained from the results of this study, we assume that idntifying viral agent in patients with diarrhea in an accurate, prompt and reliable way can prevent unnecessary antibiotic use and can contribute seroepidemiologic data in childhood gastroenteritis in our region.

Objective: In this article, we present a personalized surgical technique to relocate a fascioperichondrial flap with a proximal base as an additional measure to improve results and hide sharp edges which frequently occur following traditional otoplasty. Materials and Methods: Fascioperichondrial flap with a proximal base prepared from the dorsal side was transposed to the anterior helix and conchal excision side and secured with stitches to hide visible edges and reinforce Furnas sutures. Nine patients operated for prominent ear deformity using this modification were included in the study and follow-up period was at least 6 months. Conchal mastoid distances were calculated from the superior and middle third of the ears before and after the operation, also in follow-up controls to determine the efficiency of the method. Results: There were no suture extrusions, skin necrosis or infection. The mean difference for both the upper and middle third of the ears were considerably lower (p≤0.05) at the end of six month after the operation. There were no visible skin edges and discomfort described by the patients. Conclusion: Fascioperichondrial flap with a proximal base repositioning to conchal side is an easy procedure that can be applied simply as an adjunct to traditional techniques. Addition of this flap provides an additional tissue to reinforce suture repair and, the results seem to be more durable and strong. Another main advantage of this flap is eliminating the unnatural visible breakpoints in the conchal bowl.

Objective: The purposes of this study were to evaluate to study soft tissue facial profile among the different vertical patterns using the Holdaway analysis and the soft tissue thickness measurements. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 90 patients divided into 3 groups: low angle group (30 patients; mean age, 20.38±3.76 years), normal angle group (30 patients; mean age, 19.36±2.83 years) and high angle group (30 patients; mean age, 19.44±2.14 years). The study sample, comprised a total of 90 patients (54 women and 36 men) divided into low-angle, normal-angle and high angle groups based on vertical growth pattern using the SN/GoGn angle (high-angle group >37°; low-angle group

WOS: 000410750200014 In recent years, the concept of revascularization has been developed that employs the use of a mixture of antibacterial drugs for disinfection of infected root canals. The clinical and radiographic examinations showed deep coronal caries, immature root, and periapical radiolucency in mandibular second premolar (#35) of a 13-year-old girl. The exam findings suggested revascularization treatment. Revascularization with triantibiotic mix was administered for 2 weeks. Then, a blood clot was created in the canal, over which mineral trioxide aggregate was placed. Coronal sealing was performed with composite resin. After 40 months follow-up, the tooth was asymptomatic with a positive response to the pulp test and periapical radiolucency was healed. However, no evidence of root development was observed. In spite of numerous reports of revascularization treatment, no incomplete root development was reported after long-term follow-up. Despite incomplete root development, positive response to the pulp test is controversial.

Objective: Studies investigating cumulative scientific data about a specific subject and assessing the scientific performance are named as bibliometric analysis. Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disease which is more prevalent among Turks, Jews, Armenians and Arabs. In this study, we aimed to analyse the most cited first 100 manuscripts in the field of FMF using bibliometric method. Materials and Methods: This study was performed retrospectively by using “Thomson Reuters Web of Science” database in April 2016. The dataset was filtered to include the manuscripts only in the scope of “Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E)”. Furthermore, the first most cited 100 manuscripts were analyzed in terms of topic, journal, author, year and institution. Results: The database search returned 2027 manuscripts and the most cited first 100 papers were included. The most cited paper focused on genetics of FMF. Among these most cited 100 manuscripts, the study by Livneh had the highest volume of total citations with 1198. These most cited manuscripts were published in 44 journals. When these publications were evaluated in terms of countries, Israel had the most cited manuscripts with 37%, Turkey and USA with 18%, and France with 12%. Conclusion: This work provides the most influential references related to FMF and serves as a guide to what makes a publication citable. The genetics of FMF was the most widely studied topic and Israel, Turkey, USA and France were revealed as the arbiter countries of FMF topic.

Objective: The tooth weakens due to removal of hard tissue during an endodontic procedure. Many dentists find it difficult to choose between different coronal restorations after root canal treatment (RCT). Studies show that the coronal restoration may affect the endodontic prognosis. This student-based study had three aims. (1) Examine the choice of coronal restoration of endodontically treated teeth at a Scandinavian dental school, (2) examine the survival of these restorations and (3) evaluate the influence of the coronal restoration on the outcome of the RCT. Material and methods: Radiographic and clinical examination was performed on 127 posterior teeth. The quality of the root canal treatment and the periapical status (PAI-index) were evaluated. Results: 43.8% of the teeth were restored with an indirect coronal restoration and 47.2% with a direct coronal restoration. The period from finished root canal treatment until placement of a permanent coronal restoration was significantly longer for an indirect restoration than a direct restoration. The teeth treated with a PAI score of 1 and 2 following pulpectomy, necrotic pulp treatment and endodontic retreatment was 93.8%, 82.6% and 69.4%, respectively.Conclusion: There was no significant association between choice of coronal restoration and PAI-score.

In this study, coffee pulp was used as carbon source in solid-state fermentation to produce a phenol-rich extract for industrial applications. Fermentations were carried out at laboratory (0.4 kg), semi-pilot (12 kg) and pilot (90 kg) scales in presence of 2.5 g kg−1 yeast strains and with three different coffee pulp materials. The extract stability was investigated using different stabilizing agents: SO2, ascorbic and acetic acids. Then, a study was conducted to determine the effect of ultrasound treatment on extraction yields. Results showed that higher concentrations of chlorogenic acids were obtained with fermentation without ultrasound treatment and by adding sulfite at 0.5 wt% at 8 h of fermentation. Despite of variations in coffee pulp composition, the process was validated at semi-pilot and pilot scales, providing an extract 400% richer in chlorogenic acids (600 mg kg of coffee pulp) and with lower sugar amounts to separate during the downstream processing. Universidad de Costa Rica/[735-A2-502]/UCR/Costa Rica UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CITA)

Article Title and Bibliographic Information A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing rotary canal instrumentation techniques with manual instrumentation techniques in primary teeth. Manchanda S, Sardana D, Yiu CKY. Int Endod J. 2020;53(3):333-353. Source of Funding Information not available. Type of Study/Design Systematic review with meta-analysis of data.

Wines produced by three different grape varieties were treated with seven pre-fermentation techniques to analyze their variation in polyphenolic compounds, color parameters, and aromatic components. For polyphenolic compounds and color parameters, a better result was obtained after the grape pulp treatment, with the maximum impact observed after joint treatment with thermovinification and pectolytic enzymes, followed by thermovinification and cold soak, while pectolytic enzymes treatment alone was ineffective, resulting in almost no effect. On the contrary, the application of thermovinification and cold soak treatments before crushing the whole juice led to a dramatic decline in most indexes. For aromatic components, the joint treatment of thermovinification and pectolytic enzymes on grape pulp significantly affected its amount and type, in addition to giving the wine a mellow aroma.

Triple tooth is rare in primary dentition; it is the abnormal fusion of three teeth. There are a few reports of double teeth, but triple teeth are rare. These multiple teeth create several clinical problems, not only esthetic problems but also a high caries susceptibility, congenital missing permanent tooth germ(s), orthodontic problems, and periodontal problems. They also make it difficult to perform pulp treatment because of the complex tooth structure. A 1-year 7-month-old male underwent a partial pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) when pulp exposure caused by deep caries occurred at a maxillary anterior triple tooth in the first case. The second case was a 1-year 9-month-old male presenting with a fracture line at a mandibular anterior triple tooth. After removing the fractured fragment, a pulpectomy was performed at the remaining primary lateral incisors. Specific complications were not observed during 24 and 6 months of follow-up, respectively.

This is a cross-sectional study, carried out in 2017, at a school in the city of Cascavel, PR, Brazil. It consists of a clinical examination of oral health conditions and ART in children aged between 4 to 12 years, and aims to stimulate oral health care and increase the coverage of restorative services, control and prevention of cavities in schoolchildren. The data had descriptive analysis. 158 children participated and most were not indicated for Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (67.84%). In the primary dentition, the average of teeth with cavities, with indication for extraction and fillings was 4.77. In teeth with cavities lost and filled by adult tooth, the average was 0.41. The treatments in descending order were: restoration of 1 surface (46.50%), 2 or more (24.04%), pulp treatment (6.01%), extraction (5.46%) and in 17.49% of cases no information. The results suggest effectiveness and continuity of these actions, with a view to improving oral health conditions of students with limited access to dental services.