Search

2024 MAY 25 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Data detailed on enzymes and coenzymes have been presented. According to news [...]

2024 MAR 9 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Current study results on Obesity, Fitness and Wellness have been published. According [...]

2024 FEB 17 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- A new study on Obesity, Fitness and Wellness is now available. According [...]

2023 APR 1 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- According to news reporting based on a preprint abstract, our journalists obtained [...]

2023 JAN 28 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Investigators publish new report on Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases and Conditions - [...]

2022 FEB 26 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- According to news reporting based on a preprint abstract, our journalists obtained [...]

2022 JAN 1 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- According to news reporting based on a preprint abstract, our journalists obtained [...]

2020 AUG 15 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Data detailed on Liver Diseases and Conditions - Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease [...]

2020 MAY 2 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week [...]

2020 FEB 15 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Data detailed on Biotechnology - Gene Therapy have been presented. According to [...]

2019 APR 13 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Fresh data on Cancer are presented in a new report. According to [...]

2018 DEC 29 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Research findings on Life Science Research are discussed in a new report. [...]

2017 MAR 25 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Fresh data on Tick-Borne Diseases and Conditions - Relapsing Fever are presented [...]

Byline: Irina A. Buhimschi, Wayne B. Kramer, Catalin S. Buhimschi, Loren P. Thompson, Carl P. Weiner Keywords: N -acetylcysteine; superoxide; amnion; chorion; nitric oxide Abstract: Objective: The mechanisms underlying membrane rupture at term and preterm are obscure. Collagenolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases in amniochorionic membranes increases during spontaneous term and preterm labor associated with intra-amniotic infection. We sought to test the hypothesis that reduction-oxidation homeostasis, which is altered in inflammatory states, directly regulates amniochorionic matrix metalloproteinases. Study Design: Membranes were collected from 7 patients undergoing elective cesarean delivery at term, rinsed thoroughly, and immediately incubated in phosphate-buffered sodium chloride solution at 37[degrees]C for 24 hours. Matrix metalloproteinase activity in the culture medium was assayed by substrate-gel electrophoresis and normalized against the dry weight of the tissue incubated. Superoxide anions were generated in the presence of membranes by a xanthine (2 mmol/L) and xanthine oxidase (20 mU/mL) mixture and monitored by reduction of ferri-cytochrome c to ferro-cytochrome c. Incubations were performed in the presence of xanthine alone, a xanthine-xanthine oxidase mixture, superoxide dismutase (500 U/mL), a xanthine-xanthine oxidase-superoxide dismutase mixture, nitro-l -arginine (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 1 mmol/L), xanthine-xanthine oxidase-nitro-l -arginine, S-nitroso-N -acetylpenicillamine (a nitric oxide donor, 10 mmol/L), xanthine-xanthine oxidase-S-nitroso-N -acetylpenicillamine, N -acetylcysteine (a thiol-containing antioxidant, 0.1, 1, or 10 mmol/L), lipopolysaccharide (100 ng/mL), or lipopolysaccharide-N -acetylcysteine. Intracellular generation of superoxide anions was monitored by the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium to formazan. Results: Basal matrix metalloproteinase 9 and matrix metalloproteinase 2 levels were detected in all samples. Superoxide anions significantly increased matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity but did not increase matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity, which effect was reversed by the addition of superoxide dismutase. N -acetylcysteine reduced basal activity of both matrix metalloproteinase 9 and matrix metalloproteinase 2 to 20%. Importantly, N -acetylcysteine completely inhibited intracellular formazan formation in cultured membranes both in the absence and in the presence of lipopolysaccharide. Neither nitric oxide synthase inhibition nor the nitric oxide donor S-nitroso-N -acetylpenicillamine had any effect on fetal membrane matrix metalloproteinase activity. Conclusion: Matrix metalloproteinase activity in human fetal membranes is reduction-oxidation (redox)-regulated. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity in human fetal membranes is directly increased by superoxide anion, a byproduct of macrophages and neutrophils. Neither nitric oxide donors nor nitric oxide synthase inhibitors significantly affect matrix metalloproteinase activity in human fetal membranes. The glutathione precursor N -acetylcysteine dramatically inhibits amniochorionic matrix metalloproteinase activity in addition to inhibiting intrinsic superoxide generation within the tissue. Thus thiol-reducing agents, such as N -acetylcysteine, may be beneficial in preventing preterm premature rupture of the membranes. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:458-64.) Author Affiliation: Division of Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine. Baltimore, Maryland Article History: Received 20 May 1999; Revised 1 September 1999; Accepted 5 October 1999 Article Note: (footnote) [star] Reprint requests: Irina Buhimschi, MD, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, F.C. Bressler Research Laboratories 11-011, 655 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559.

2016 JUL 30 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Current study results on Drugs and Therapies have been published. According to [...]

* Objective: To review the structure, mechanism of action, pharmacologic features, and clinical trial results of the newer purine analog, 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA). * Data Sources and Study Selection: English-language medical literature review of more than 70 articles. * Data Synthesis: 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine is unique compared with traditional antimetabolite drugs in that it is equally active against dividing and resting lymphocytes, which may be especially important in indolent lymphoid malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, because most cells in these disorders are in the resting phase. In patients with alkylator-refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia who were treated with 2-CdA, 44% achieved a response (4% complete responses, 40% partial responses), and 54%, scored as nonresponders, had a sustained reduction in their peripheral lymphocytosis. Patients with untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia had an 85% response rate (25% complete responses, 60% partial responses). Patients with previously treated low-grade lymphoma achieved an overall response rate of 43%. The most striking clinical effects of this drug have been seen in hairy cell leukemia, in which a single course of therapy induces complete remissions in 85% of partial remissions in 12%. Activity has also been shown in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and the myeloid leukemias. * Conclusions: 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine is a newer purine analog with potent activity in the treatment of indolent lymphoproliferative diseases and illustrates the model for rational drug development., 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA), a recently developed purine analog, appears to be effective in the treatment of indolent lymphoproliferative diseases such as hairy cell leukemia. Purine analogs are structurally similar to nitrogen-containing purines, which are components of DNA and RNA. Indolent lymphoproliferative diseases are slow-growing cancers of the lymphoid tissues. Because 2-CdA is active against both dividing and resting lymphocytes, it is able to affect indolent lymphoid malignancies. Research has shown that 2-CdA is an effective treatment for lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and, to a lesser extent, myeloid leukemias. Other purine analogs have been developed, but 2-CdA is the least toxic of those currently being researched.

Most of the metabolic effects of fructose are due to its rapid utilization by the liver and it by-passing the phosphofructokinase regulatory step in glycolysis, leading to far reaching consequences to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. These consequences include immediate hepatic increases in pyruvate and lactate production, activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase, and a shift in balance from oxidation to esterification of nonesterified fatty acids, resulting in increased secretion of very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL). These effects are augmented by long-term absorption of fructose, which causes enzyme adaptations that increase lipogenesis and VLDL secretion, leading to triglyceridemia, decreased glucose tolerance, and hyperinsulinemia. Acute loading of the liver with fructose causes sequestration of inorganic phosphate in fructose-1-phosphate and diminished ATP synthesis. Consequently, the inhibition by ATP of the enzymes of adenine nucleotide degradation is removed and uric acid formation accelerates with consequent hyperuricemia. These effects are of particular significance to potentially hypertriglyceridemic or hyperuricemic individuals.

THE FIRST TREAT-TO-TARGET recommendations for gout emphasize keeping serum uric acid levels below 6 mg/dL (less than 360 mmol/L), but base this and other guidance on expert opinion because no [...]

About 10-15% of all urinary stones are uric acid stones. High uric acid excretion, low urinary volume, and pH value have been suggested to be the most important risk factors for the formation of uric acid stones. In the present study, we examined the effect of 3 diets with different purine content on the risk of uric acid stone formation. Ten healthy males received 3 different standard diets for 5 d each. Diet 1 corresponded to the usual German dietary habits of healthy men aged 19-35 y. Characteristic, therefore, is high intake of energy, alcohol, and purine, excessive protein intake, and very low fluid intake (1.5 L/d). On the contrary, diet 2 (mixed diet) and diet 3 (lactoovovegetarian diet) were established according to the dietary recommendations of the German Society of Nutrition. Diet 2 and diet 3 were isoenergetic with equal amounts of the main nutrients and a fluid intake of 2.5 L/d. In the course of the test period, 24-h urine samples were collected. Urinary supersaturation with uric acid was estimated by the computer program EQUIL. The risk of uric acid stone formation was highest on diet 1 due to the low urinary volume, low pH, and the high urinary uric acid excretion. On diet 2, relative supersaturation with uric acid was significantly reduced by 85%, consequent to the decrease of uric acid excretion and concentration and the increase of urinary pH value. The intake of diet 3 led to a further significant decline in the risk of uric acid stone formation by 55% compared with diet 2. These results indicate that intake of a balanced lactoovovegetarian diet with low animal protein and purine content and high fluid intake leads to the lowest risk of uric acid stone formation.