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The development of New Yogyakarta International Airport (NYIA) in Temon sub-district is aimed at improving the progress of the surrounding region, where the construction has an impact on the increase in built-up land of 572.38 hectare (2013-2017) and 268.67 hectare (2017-2023) which is potentially a decrease in the environmental quality index. The purpose of the research is to analyze changes in the environmental quality index (Risk Screening Environmental Indicators of) 2013, 2017 and 2024 around NYIA. The research designs use quantitative approaches with scoring approaches, while research methods use spectral transformation and Principal Component Analysis transformation. The research has limited the use of Landsat 8 image data used as a primary data source with a spatial resolution of 30 meters, where the image has not yet been able to deliver the results of the research with a high degree of exhaustion. The originality of the research is the identification of changes in the environmental quality index that are correlated with changes in built-up land and vegetation coverage. The results of the study showed a decrease in RSEI values, where high-level RSEIs decreased by about 295.17 hectare (2013-2017) and 1720.91 hectare (2017-2024), in addition there was an increase in the area of low-levelRSEI by about 122.33 hectare (2013- 2017) and 1898.79 hectare (2017-2024). The decline in RSEI in the area study has been correlated with increased built-up land and decreased vegetation area, with built-up land increasing by 572.38 hectare (2013-2017) and 269.97 hectare (2017-2024), besides decreasing vegetation areas by 137.82 hectare (2013-2017), and 97.34 hectare (2017-2024). The study concluded that there was a decrease in the environmental quality index, where increased built-up land and decreased vegetation area were influential factors. This research opens up further research opportunities to predict the environmental quality index with the cellular automata model.

Tantry Maulina,1,2 Yohanes Yoppy Purnomo,3 Nadya Khamila,4 Devy Garna,5 Endang Sjamsudin,1 Arief Cahyanto6 1Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 2Dentistry Department, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; 3Faculty of Dentistry, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesia; 4Oral Surgery and Maxillofacial Specialist Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 5Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 6Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaCorrespondence: Tantry Maulina, Dentistry Department, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Gelderland, the Netherlands, Email tantry.maulina@unpad.ac.id; tantry.maulina@radboudumc.nlPurpose: Despite its well-acknowledged analgesic potential, curcumin’s low bioavailability has been recognized. Piperine, a substance naturally contained in pepper, has been known for its effect on increasing curcumin bioavailability. To investigate the analgesic potential of curcumin and piperine addition to curcumin patch used as adjuvant therapy in the management of acute postoperative orofacial pain.Patients and Methods: This pragmatic trial recruited 75 patients that underwent oromaxillofacial surgery at Unpad Dental Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. Research participants were randomly assigned to three different groups: the first group that did not receive any intervention other than the post-operative standard treatment (POST), the second group that received POST and non-piperine curcumin patch, and the third group that received POST and piperine-combined curcumin patch. Participants’ pain intensity was evaluated by using the face, leg, activity, cry, and consolability (FLACC) pain scale and salivary prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) level for two-time points, which were eight hours apart. All data were gathered and analyzed to compare the within and between-group differences.Results: Within groups comparison of the FLACC scores for two evaluation points showed significant differences for all groups (p < 0.01). For salivary PGE2 analysis, a comparison of the non-piperine group to the piperine group also showed significant results. Yet, when all three groups were compared, regardless of the differences, the results were not statistically significant.Conclusion: Despite of the proven efficacy of curcumin patch, the addition of piperine to the curcumin patch in the current study did not provide any significant effects. Further investigation is of importance.Keywords: curcumin, piperine, acute postoperative pain, oromaxillofacial surgery, cleft lip, cleft palate

Background: Malnutrition in children is mainly caused by the lack of protein and fat intake which harms their ability to grow and survive. Accurate data on the benefits of fish-based foods on the nutritional status of children is limited. The present systematic review aimed to provide an overview of published articles on the nutritional value of fish-based foods for children.Methods: A systematic review was performed during 2000-2021 by searching Science Direct, Cochrane Library, PubMed, ProQuest, and Wiley Online Library databases. The full text of selected articles in English was screened based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Included articles were all experimental studies (randomized control trial, quasi-randomized trial) or mixed methods studies involving malnourished children. The study was reported under the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool.Results: A total of 330,859 articles were screened, out of which eight articles were included in the systematic review. Interventions included fish-based foods and beverages such as wafer bars, Jemawut-tuna cookies, Amizate in chocolate drink, dried fish powder, flaxseed oil supplemented with fish oil capsules, and porridge fortified with fish powder. Primary or secondary outcomes were the determination of zinc level, height growth, erythrocyte n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content, safety and acceptability, intestinal integrity, and cognitive development. The results showed that dried fish powder produced the most significant effect on body weight.Conclusion: The consumption of dried fish powder had positive effects on the recovery of malnourished children.

Agroforestry-integrated community forests foster greater plant diversity compared to conventional agriculture, potentially offering significant ecological and societal benefits. However, the specific contribution of diverse floor vegetation within these forests to carbon cycling remains understudied. This study addresses this knowledge gap by comprehensively analyzing the floristic composition and carbon storage potential of floor vegetation in tropical community forests. Using a stratified random sampling design with quadrats to ensure representative data collection across various locations in Ciamis Regency, West Java, Indonesia, we identified 296 plant species belonging to 89 families. Our analysis revealed that the understory vegetation exhibits moderate species diversity and stores carbon ranging from 0.107 to 0.238 Mg C ha⁻¹, with an average sequestration potential of 0.730 Mg C ha⁻¹. These findings suggest that community forests harbor diverse floor vegetation communities with significant carbon storage and sequestration potential, providing valuable insights for environmentally sustainable community forest management and contributing to broader efforts towards climate change mitigation.

Anthropogenic-induced warming has altered the climate of the Earth, causing significant impacts on urban areas such as compromised water supplies and detrimental health effects. This paper employs a case study approach to analyse the causal relationship between energy consumption and social activities. Such an approach is well-suited to unraveling complex cause-and-effect relationships or pathways. System mapping is a method used in case study research to analyse cause-and-effect relationships in complex systems, such as energy systems. The primary literature was searched utilising the reverse snowball technique, with a focus on renewable energy, particularly solar power. Its importance is highlighted in global efforts to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and mitigate the effects of climate change. Indonesia has extensive solar potential and is preparing to utilise solar energy as a clean power source. Nonetheless, effective policy implementation necessitates more than governmental intention; active participation from social movements is required. Two prominent movements - the Solar Electricity Initiative Movement and the Million Solar Roof National Movement - are significant driving forces in this pursuit. The Role of Social Movements in Environmental Policy Transition to Renewable Energy Sources. Social Movements are instrumental in promoting renewable energy policies through public awareness campaigns, advocacy, and concrete actions. They are essential in accelerating policy changes and facilitating a transition towards clean energy. In light of the challenges posed by climate change, the hard work of social movements has become increasingly significant in achieving Indonesia's goal of becoming a sustainable country that does not rely on fossil fuels.

New Yogyakarta International Airport (NYIA) in Kulon Progo Regency was developed with the primary objective of fostering economic growth. The initiation of operations at NYIA in March 2020 triggered substantial urban development in the surrounding area. This research aims to monitor the changes in land cover and predict development of urban areas. The research methodology comprised the use of Random Forest, Classification, and Regression Tree machine learning algorithms to create land cover maps. It also incorporated Cellular Automata (CA), which was used to make prediction related to land development. The results showed that the land cover map had an overall accuracy level of above 0.80. Furthermore, it was observed from the results of the time series land cover analysis that there was a rapid growth in built-up lands. Between 2013 and 2017 these lands expanded by 572.38 hectares and further increased by 268.97 hectares from 2017 to 2023, leading to the conversion of 571.64 hectares of agricultural lands. Based on these findings, it was projected that by 2033, there would be an expansion of 386.08 hectares in built-up lands, with approximately 356.82 hectares converted from agricultural areas. The accuracy assessment of the 2023 land cover prediction map showed a high level of correctness, with a 97% accuracy rate. Based on these results, it was concluded that land conversion is essential to prevent environmental degradation, and further research can be carried out with the aim of assessing environmental quality indices.

This research aims to analyze the stakeholders of cyber intelligence for strengthening cyber defense to achieve national resilience. This research is important because cyber intelligence stakeholders play a role as policymakers, coordinators, facilitators, implementers, and policy accelerators in the field of cyber security and defense, influencing the realization of national resilience. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach to cyber intelligence stakeholders consisting of the Indonesian Armed Forces Intelligence Agency (BAIS TNI), the State Intelligence Agency (BIN), the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (Kominfo), the Indonesian National Police Intelligence and Security Agency (Baintelkam Polri), and the National Cyber and Encryption Agency (BSSN), using SWOT analysis. Research data were obtained from interviews and surveys with stakeholders related to the cyber field, who have direct involvement and contribution to cyber defense policy. It is expected that this research can provide a model strategy for stakeholders who have influence and interests in cyber security, as well as the interconnection between the roles of Cyber Intelligence actors in strengthening Indonesia's cyber security measures. The results of the research show that cyber intelligence stakeholders as policymakers and implementers of cyber defense policies can provide significant benefits and influence on strengthening national resilience through the formulation of national policies in the field of cyber defense.

Stakeholders in cyber intelligence and cyber defense systems are believed to play a significant role in enhancing national resilience. The involvement of intelligence entities in the cyber domain, along with institutional and governance aspects of cyber defense, can contribute to bolstering national resilience. This study seeks to assess the impact of collaboration among cyber stakeholders on the reinforcement of cyber defense governance in Indonesia. Questionnaires were distributed to various cyber intelligence stakeholders in the country to determine whether increased collaboration has a positive effect on strengthening cyber defense governance. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing SPSS analysis tools to measure the extent of influence between variables. The findings of the analysis reveal a correlation between legal certainty and the reinforcement of cyber defense governance, as well as a connection between capacity building and strengthening cyber defense governance. The multiple linear regression equation analysis indicates that the implementation of legal certainty and capacity building positively contributes to enhancing cyber defense governance in Indonesia.

The application of packaging technology can provide benefits to both producers and consumers. The advantage for manufacturers is that they can extend product storage time, avoid bacterial contamination and improve quality. Three-spot gourami is a type of fish that is well known in the community, especially in South Kalimantan. Three-spot gourami is often found in swamp waters, rice fields and river tributaries. The results of this research are to determine the peroxide and organoleptic characteristics of processed Three-spot gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus) chips with a storage period of 40 days.

The mechanical properties of hydrogels are crucial in wound dressing application. Starch-based hydrogels have deficiencies in mechanical strength and gel stability. These shortcomings can be addressed by employing crosslinking techniques with oxidized sucrose. A design of experiments approach was used to optimize the tensile strength of the product. The results indicated that both the composition of oxidized sucrose and glycerol significantly impact tensile strength (p-value < 0.05). The optimal tensile strength achieved was 27 MPa, using 0.9762 mL of oxidized sucrose and 0.0624 g of glycerol per gram of starch. The hydrogel products underwent a series of characterizations, including optical microscope examination, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR), swelling test, Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR), contact angle, and cytotoxicity test. The FTIR and 1H NMR analyses confirmed the crosslinking of hydroxyl groups within starch molecules with aldehyde groups from oxidized sucrose. Characterization of this hydrogel revealed that it had a swelling capacity of 95%, a WVTR of 714.92 g per m2 per 24 h, a contact angle of 74.76°, and a cell viability value greater than 100%. Thus, this hydrogel is suitable for wound dressing due to its strength, exudate-absorbing capabilities, moisture retention properties, hydrophilicity, and non-toxicity.

This study aims to examine and analyze the differences in intrinsic motivation of learners based on Point+Leaderboard (PL) and Point+Badge (PB) gamification element strategies. The research sample was 84 undergraduate students of the Department of Educational Technology, State University of Malang. Data was collected using the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) questionnaire which consists of 4 variables: interest/enjoyment (EJ), perceived competence (PC), effort (EF), and pressure (PR). The research method used the Independent T-Test to test the difference in intrinsic motivation between OT and PB groups. The t-test results showed significant differences in EJ and EF variables between OT and PB groups. This shows that PL is more effective in increasing learners' enjoyment/interest and effort compared to PB. However, there is no significant difference in PC and PR variables between OT and PB groups. This means that both PL and PB are equally able to give positive effects on the sense of competence and do not cause negative effects on learners' stress. This study shows that Point+Leaderboard strategy is more effective in increasing learners' intrinsic motivation compared to Point+Badge strategy

Disasters have direct consequences that affect human life and the environment. Vulnerability to disasters happens due to a lack of proper disaster management, various environmental impacts, or people’s negligence. The amount of losses in every catastrophe depends on the resilience capacity of the community against disasters. The Indonesian National Military (TNI) as the nation’s guardian and defense component has two main tasks, namely (1) Military Operations for War (Operasi Militer Perang/OMP) and Military Operations Other Than War (Operasi Militer Selain Perang/OMSP). In this case, TNI is carrying out the MOOTW duties, based on RI Law Number 34 of 2002 which states that the TNI is a force that helps the government in handling disasters. TNI plays a significant role in Military Operation Other Than War (MOOTW) that includes leading in disaster management, increasing organizational capacity and operational management in supporting disaster management, boosting cooperation, education and training on disaster management, providing facilities and infrastructure including budget planning and support from the top command of the central and regional governments. This paper is using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) by determining the goals, criteria, and the overall sub-criteria for each of the MOOTW criteria/factors and considering options for increasing the budget or cooperation. The results are then used as a reference for decision-making in handling the disasters.

The rising sea levels can threaten millions of people residing along the coast or lowlands. The risk can be mitigated by the sea-level prediction done by collecting information on the likelihood of rising sea levels. The Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia has developed Perangkat Ukur Murah untuk Muka Air Laut (Inexpensive Device for Sea Level Measurement, PUMMA) to measure sea levels. PUMMA is located in remote monitoring stations based on Indonesian maritime area. The PUMMA system currently lacks a prediction feature. This objective of this study is to model the sea-level prediction using the dataset for one year, from July 2021 until July 2022. The seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) method was used because SARIMA proved to be a flexible and versatile method for a dataset having noncomplex nature and seasonal patterns. This study has developed several models of the SARIMA. The model performance was evaluated using the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), R-squared, mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE) metrics. The SARIMA(1, 1, 0)(1, 1, 1)12 model achieved the lowest prediction error with an R-squared of 0.508, MSE of 0.0479, and RMSE of 0.069. Based on the performance, SARIMA(1, 1, 0)(1, 1, 1)12 model is feasible for predicting sea levels using the PUMMA dataset.

The success of a research is highly dependent on the method adopted, especially research related to dangerous and expensive matters which will certainly require special handling in the development or maintenance steps. One of them is research related to space technology such as aviation and rocketry technology, which is very dependent on the design model of the flying vehicle and, in general, will always use simulation to ensure that the entire system being built is carried out safely and can be implemented properly according to plan. In the development of the prototype flying vehicle, especially the development of the avionics and flight control system, the vehicle will go through sequential simulation steps from Software in the Loop Simulation (SILS), Hardware in the Loop Simulation (HILS), and Ready-to-Fly System (RTFS). In this paper, the simulation steps will be described with the intention of facilitating integration and testing of each sub-system being developed, testing the control strategy applied or eliminating bugs if something goes wrong. In the end, with a series of flying vehicle simulations, it can be developed quickly and cost-effectively, including saving human resources.

Empowerment of Sumber Abadi Forest Farmer Groups through Innovation of Porang Nursery Techniques. Forest Farmers Group (FFG) Sumber Abadi is located in Panglungan Village, Wonosalam District, Jombang Regency, whose area is 500-750 m asl and daily temperature of 20° C. The conditions of socio-economic need to be improved, considering that their livelihoods depend on forest products and half of the population belongs to the category of pre-prosperous families. Panglungan village has the largest porang area and has the potential for a profitable porang seed business, encouraging farmers to carry out traditional nurseries to fulfill the increasing demand for seeds. Porang is a super strategic commodity and prospectus as a healthy food, low carbohydrates and high fiber, and a high tuber selling price (Rp 10,000,-/kg). Obstacles in the porang nursery business in Panglungan Village, namely: (1) lack of understanding of proper nursery techniques, (2) weak innovation of porang nurseries, (3) lack of understanding of seed supply chain management, and (4) weak of institutional functioning. The aim of the activity is to increase empowerment through innovative porang nursery techniques. Empowerment methods include: (1) training on innovation in porang nursery technology on various seed sources, (2) demonstration plots for porang nurseries, (3) economic empowerment of rural communities, (4) training on marketing porang seeds online. The results of the empowerment of FFG Sumber Abadi showed that there were 2 groups of porang seed breeders who were innovative in seeding techniques and marketing with a volume of more than 2 million seeds that lasted for 5 months.

The performance of free-space optical (FSO) communications that using an optical amplifier (OA) in the scheme of an amplify-received (AR)-relaying has a major drawback in the detection of input signal quality under the effects of turbulence. As an OA is based on a fiber-detection (FD) method to receive and delivers a signal at the amplification process stage, there is an opportunity to implement an optical spatial filter (OSF) to improve the quality of an input signal. In this paper, as the continuation of previous work on the direct-detection, the OSF is applied on the AR-relaying. The novelty proposed in this work is the improvement of FD method where the OSF is designed as the integration of cone reflector, pinhole and multi-mode fiber with an OA. The OSF produces an optical signal, the input of the OA, which minimizes the effects of turbulence, background noise and signal fluctuation. Thus, OA in AR-relaying produces signal output with high power and rise up below threshold level. Additionally, an OSF with a lower pinhole diameter produces the best quality of the signal spectral to be delivered into an EDFA. Through this implementation, the performance of optical relaying on FSO can be significantly improved.

Globalization has produced a complex strategic environment, posting a dynamic threat to national security. In this case, a strategic form of leadership becomes important in running a country, especially in the context of national defense. The purpose of this article is to reveal the bureaucratic leadership style that can function as a form of strategic leadership in national defense policy. Based on the literature study method, it was found that a transformational bureaucratic leadership model can be a form of strategic leadership in National Defense Policy in Indonesia. Leadership transformation is carried out through competency development in the form of superior leadership abilities and attitudes that are in accordance with the needs of the times. With this competence, bureaucratic leaders are expected to perform their leadership duties proportionately and handle any problems that may arise in their organization. The guardian leadership that can motivate, encourage, and serve as an example for their subordinates will be crucial in the realization of the bureaucratic leadership style to support national defense policy. Characteristics of a leader with honor, creativity, discipline, motivation, anticipation, guardianship, spirit of nationalism and patriotism, and integrity will have a positive impact on the National Defense Policy. By combining breakthroughs with a type of continuous control, the division of specific tasks at specific organizational level, and Millennial HR’s involvement, a leadership approach will be able to explore the potential to produce organizational performance far above what has been achieved so far, in particular in Indonesian National Defense policy management.

The use of ICT in education has evolved into distance education management in the field of training, it aims to provide the widest possible access to education and training for trainees who do not have the opportunity to attend face-to-face education due to various problems. Based on Dapodik data, most playschool educators or teachers in Indonesia do not have an educational background that can support their competence. Thus, education and training services are one of the efforts that can be made to encourage the improvement of the competence of playschool educators. Through e-training with a blended approach, it is expected to be a solution because it has advantages including 1) affordable and efficient costs; 2) unlimited quota; 3) can be accessed via the internet; 4) flexible time. The approach taken is a qualitative research approach with a descriptive method using purposive sampling technique which representing training activities in Bogor Regency, Karang Regency, and Bekasi Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The results of the research on the application of e-training with a blended approach for playschool educators show a new model in the implementation of learning, namely combining face-to-face learning with online. Adaptation to e-training with a blended approach must be carried out following the changes and developments of an increasingly rapid era without compromising the objectives and learning outcomes in the training program.

Implementation of learning at the Community Learning Center (PKBM) during the Covid 19 pandemic faced challenges, this was due to the diversity of backgrounds of students in PKBM. The majority of students in PKBM are adults, due to the nature of PKBM which is flexible and oriented to community needs. The use of applications in learning during a pandemic is an option that must be used. However, adults who were born as digital immigrants need to adapt to this new technology. This research was carried out by applying a quantitative approach, using a survey method, namely research examining large and small populations (universe) by selecting and studying selected samples from that population, so as to find the relative incidence, distribution, and interrelation of variables and located in the city Bandung. Data collection through observation, interviews, documentation studies, and questionnaires. The population of this study amounted to 77 PKBM institutions, obtained a sample with the slovin formula totaling 43 PKBM institutions, with a total of 200 PKBM students representing each institution. The results of the study show that the most widely used learning media is WhatsApp, The use of the whatsapp application is more applicable and familiar how to use it.

The research aimed to evaluate the quality of some mangrove ecosystems on Bawean Island with varying levels of naturalness and human activity through community structure and diversity of fish species. Sampling was carried out in 11 mangrove ecosystems of Sawahmulya, Sungai Rujing, Hijau Daun, Sidogedungbatu, Pamona, Pasir Putih, Bangsal, Dekatagung, Jherat Lanjheng, Lebak and Pulau Cina. Fish were collected using the net (pore size 5 mm) and visual encounter method. Fish found were identified then the abundance of each species was used to determine the total abundance, taxa richness, and some indices of diversity, dominance, and evenness. Results showed that there were 18 fish species we found in all locations with varying taxa richness in each mangrove ecosystem. The total abundance of mangrove fish is in the range of 61-165 Idv/25m2. All the research sites show a low value (less than 1) in the Diversity Index of Shannon Wiener, low evenness (0.02-0.07), and high variation of dominance Index (0.26-0.94). The higher the level of naturalness and the lower the hemeroby Index, it was found to have an impact on the higher diversity, taxa richness, and evenness of fish. This research indicated that the quality of some mangrove ecosystems on Bawean Island was still low and needed to be managed.

Vertisol has a clay texture, high micropores, and high water and nutrient absorption ability. The high water content of Vertisol causes the air to decrease, thus inhibiting root development. Stretching of the Vertisol structure is expected to increase soil porosity and reduce ion and water absorption. This study examines interactions between organic matter and percent sand on soil porosity and nutrient availability. The study was arranged according to a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), repeated three times. The first factor was seven kinds of organic matter (control, cow dung + banana peel compost, cow dung + leaf litter compost + compost water hyacinth + cow dung, humin, humic acid, and biochar. The application doses are respectively for each treatment: humic acid and humin 20 kg ha-1, biochar 1 Mg ha-1, compost+manure fertilizer 15 Mg ha-1. Changes in soil chemical characteristics were evaluated against pH, C-org, and Available-P, while changes in soil physical characteristics were evaluated against bulk density, particle density, and soil porosity. The results showed that the combination of organic matter and percent sand could improve the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil. Bulk density (BD), particle density (PD), and soil porosity increased with the addition of sand. The organic matter significantly correlated with improving soil properties was humic acid, humin, biochar, compost, and manure, with the best percentage of sand at 20%.

The purpose of this research is to describe the problem of revenue management at SMAIT Nur Hidayah and its alternative solutions. This study used a qualitative field approach. The primary data is in the form of observations and in-depth interviews with school principals and finance staff. Secondary data is in the form of education bill documents. Data analysis uses the Miles and Huberman technique, namely through the stages of presenting data, reducing data, and creating meaning. The results of this study indicate: income management problems at SMAIT Nur Hidayah are caused by the absence of a variety of payment systems that make it easy for users and the absence of strict sanctions for users who do not fulfill their obligations in paying bills. Alternative solutions to this problem are 1) holding a system of paying off arrears in stages, 2) holding a payment package system (bundling) with certain profit offers, 3) developing and maximizing digital services (fintech), 4) building a system to anticipate negligence, 5) imposition of strict sanctions for violators of rules/agreement.

Waste management must start from the initial waste disposal site, both at household, institutional and temporary disposal sites. The involvement of shareholders is very much needed in waste operational activities, because they have their respective duties which include starting from the stages of taking, processing, then final disposal, and utilizing waste. Likewise, the government certainly has other ways of controlling waste by involving the participation of the community. Because the role of the government is very crucial, it can be in the form of direct assignments to the community through the relevant agencies, or in the process of enforcing the rules that have been applied. The research used is a qualitative-interpretative descriptive method with a phenomenological approach as an exploration in the application of the e-performance system to government employees in Subang district. This study focuses on the Subang Regency government's policy in managing community waste. The purpose of this study is to measure the extent to which the Subang Regency Government implements policies related to waste management. 5 of 2018 has not run optimally, the availability of facilities and infrastructure such as government-owned waste banks so that the management of waste services is still low, then socialization has not been maximized so that people lack awareness in disposing of waste.

The induction motor is a type of electric machine that is widely used for industrial operations in this modern era. It is an alternating current electric machine with several advantages, namely cheap, simple construction, and not requiring excessive maintenance, but has the biggest percentage of motor fault in the bearings. Therefore, this study aims to identify the inner race-bearing fault detection system based on sound signal frequency analysis. The sound signal processing was carried out using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm to analyze the condition of the inner race-bearing. The sound signal was used because it does not require direct contact with the bearing (non-invasive). The fault detection system was tested with two defects, namely scratched inner race and perforated inner race bearing. The results gave a successful detection of the condition of the inner race bearing with a percentage of 81.24%. This showed that the fault detection system using sound signals with FFT signal processing was carried out with high accuracy.

Indonesia is a maritime and agricultural country with enormous world fishery potential. The large variety of fish is often confusing for ordinary people in recognizing types of fish, especially freshwater fish. It was stated that the types of freshwater fish often consumed by the Indonesian people are bawal (pomfret), betutu, gabus (cork), gurame (carp), mas (goldfish), lele (catfish), mujaer (tilapia), patin (asian catfish), tawes, and nila (tilapia nilotica). Some fish types have similar shapes, so it is tricky to tell them apart. Meanwhile, in the digitalization era today, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based technology has become a demand in all areas of life. It is overgrowing, not apart from the fisheries sector. Therefore, in this study, the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) method was applied as one of the methods in AI to identify and classify freshwater fish species based on their images. The KNN method classifies new data into specific classes based on the distance between the new data and the closest k data through the learning process. This KNN model is built by preparing the dataset stages, separating the dataset into data-train and data-test with a ratio of 70%:30%, then building and testing the model. The dataset is freshwater fish images, totaling 100 images from 10 freshwater fish types. Model testing is done by measuring performance using a confusion matrix. Based on the test results, the model has an accuracy performance of 70%. Thus, KNN can be used as a model to identify freshwater fish species based on their image.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The average incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 is 5 days (ranging from 2 to 14 days), and people experiencing symptoms occur within 12 days after infection (ranging from 8 to 16 days). Most person-to-person transmission of the virus can occur before the infected person shows symptoms (presymptomatic). A small percentage of infected people never experience symptoms but can contribute substantially to the transmission of the disease. Research continues to be carried out to determine the estimated length of recovery of Covid-19 patients. In this study, survival analysis of Covid-19 patients will be studied at Haji Hospital in Surabaya using Cox Proportional Hazard regression. Cox regression is one of the methods that can measure the relationship between Hazard rate and predictor variables without any assumptions as found in parametric models, therefore the Cox regression model is included as a semi-parametric model. This model allows the test to look at the survival time differences of two or more interest groups and can describe the effect of the predictor variables used to predict the status of the response variables to survival. The results of the Cox Proportional Hazard regression modeling showed two variables that influenced the survival time of Covid-19 patients, namely the gender variable and the symptom variable.

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that attacks breast tissue. This disease can be treated and managed properly if diagnosed at an early stage. An appropriate, fast and effective cancer stage detection algorithm is required so that patients can be treated precisely. In this study, the classification of breast cancer stages will be carried out using several machine learning methods. The number of patients in each stage is unequal or unbalanced as well. Therefore, the oversampling method with SMOTE is applied. The selection of the best parameters is done using 10-fold cross validation on the training data. Next, modeling was carried out using the Neural Network method, and K-Nearest Neighbor on training and testing data which had been oversampled with SMOTE. It was found that the neural network had a higher AUC value than k-Nearest Neighbor, namely 82.3% while k-NN was 80.8%.

Every year the need for potatoes continues to increase, both for the industry as processed potatoes and vegetable potatoes. One of the important things in potato cultivation is the use of potato seeds, quality seeds are the key to potato crop productivity. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of different auxin and paclobutrazol on the growth of cuttings and the production of potato tubers (tubers for seeds). This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two treatment factors, namely the concentration of auxin (Rootone F) with three levels and the concentration of paclobutrazol (three levels), and repeated three times. The results showed that additional treatments were able to inhibit plant height at 42 DAP (Day After Planting). The concentration of 200 mg L-1 auxin and 100 mg L-1 Paclobutrazol were more effective on tuber production. The combination of 200 mg L-1 auxin and 100 mg L-1 Paclobutrazol treatment resulted in an average number of tubers 12 tubers per plant and tuber classification based on tuber weight obtained an average number of bulbs grade S 6.83, grade M 2.33, and grade L 0.5.

The performance parameters of the sensitivity and linearity of the UV-vis Refractometer and Spectrometer in the standard salt solution test are very simple to do on a simple and inexpensive sample basis. The accuracy of measuring instruments is very important, and the process of checking measuring instruments through trials of salt content is one of the techniques in this study to determine the performance parameters of science laboratory equipment, especially in the use of refractometers and Genesys 30 spectrometer UV-vis. Both of these instruments are available in the Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences with different specifications in order to select an instrument that has high accuracy based on the characterization of the performance parameters of the Science laboratory equipment with indicators of higher sensitivity and linearity. The output of this research is to provide tool recommendations with high accuracy. Experimental results on samples of five different concentrations of salt solutions showed that the sensitivity and linearity of the spectrometer UV-vis were higher than those of the refractometer, so it can be concluded that to test the concentration of salt content in certain samples, it is better to use a spectrometer UV-vis.

Palm oil mill waste is abundantly available in Indonesia as biomass. However, the inorganic part of biomass fuels causes problems related to the ash generated, leading to slagging and fouling. The slagging and fouling as deposits form on heat transfer surfaces is one of the main problems associated with biomass combustion. Reducing the deposit formation will improve the boiler’s performance. As low-calorific biomass energy, the empty fruit bunch (EFB) can be converted into high-calorific biomass solid fuel as biochar using pyrolysis. This study investigates the potential of biochar as a solid fuel that can be used as a mixed fuel with coal (cofiring) in boilers in power plants. Biochar, produced from the pyrolysis of EFB at a temperature of 500 °C, is used as fuel in the combustion chamber of a laboratory-scale boiler. The variations in excess combustion air from 20% to 40% were implemented to analyze the slagging and fouling index as well as the efficiency of the combustion chamber. From analysis, the highest combustion chamber temperature appears at 30% excess air, and the lowest was at 20%. The biochar with 30% excess air combustion has a lower potential for slagging and fouling formation. Moreover, the highest combustion chamber efficiency is around 88.06%.

Smart Garden is a system design created to make work in plantations easier. Currently, most Indonesians use sling type lawn mowers because they are cheap but can causing noise and air pollution. It can also cause CTDS in users due to bad posture while using the tool. The researchers innovated an IoT-based automatic cutting machine. Where in the machine application, the machine can be moved using a smartphone connected using bluetooth. Which consists of two options, namely machine and vacuum. The REBA method are used to analyzing ergonomics for all parts of the body and a usability method which will determine the extent to which the product can achieve effectiveness, efficiency and comfort. This data collection was carried out by distributing the SUS questionnaire. The REBA results showed that the average body posture at moderate risk had a score of 7.8 and 9 which required further analysis of the bent posture even though it was still classified as moderate. Meanwhile, the results of the usability approach use a questionnaire as a reference for processing data. From this data, users can accept the presence of the Control Smart System Application and are quite satisfied with the interface used.

Crude oil of common ponyfish (Leiognathus equulus) is a by-product of fish protein hydrolysate manufacturing at PT. Berikan Teknologi Indonesia. The quality of the crude fish oil produced falls below the International Fishmeal and Oil Manufacturers Association Standard. Therefore, to improve its quality, a purification process comprising of three stages was employed, degumming with NaCl (5-10%), neutralization with NaOH (10-18°Be), and bleaching with activated charcoal (6-10%). The purification process was optimized using RSM with the Box-Behnken Design. The 15 concentration formulations were obtained with response variables taken based on chemical test parameters (free fatty acids (FFA), acid value, peroxide value, and iodine value). The optimal point of NaCl, NaOH, and activated charcoal concentration was determined at 10%, 18°Be, and 9.4%, respectively with a desirability of 0.744. The purified common ponyfish oil exhibited FFA at 9.52±0.21%, acid value at 3.42±0.17 mg KOH/g, peroxide value at 1.25±0.03 mEq/Kg, and iodine value at 4.12±0.13 mEq/Kg. Pure common ponyfish oil resulting from the optimal conditions has been verified. All parameters indicate that the quality of common ponyfish oil is improved by the refining process. This indicates that the optimized process may be applied in real production in the field with a high degree of confidence.

Driver behavior is a variable that significantly influences fuel use, which is a very concerning issue due to the high cost of fossil fuels caused by the limited amount of energy in the market. Therefore, several breakthroughs have been conducted to realize vehicles with high fuel efficiency. This is in addition to the continuous study of electric, hybrid, gas, and fuel cell vehicles, as well as the development of intelligent control systems. Research on driver behavior has been carried out with several variables, however, none have been conducted on this factor related to fuel consumption. This research aims to review the development of driver behavior as the supporting variable in vehicles. Data were collected from dozens of scientific articles stored in search engines, such as Science Direct, Scopus, Springer link, and ProQuest. The articles found were then filtered based on the closeness with the themes discussed, hence only 13 were reviewed and grouped into five research theme areas. These include car, safety systems, vehicle and emission control, as well graphic display themes. The results provided an overview of the potential development of driver behavior in the future.

The wood processing production system in its activities always produces waste in the form of husks or pieces of wood. The opportunity to control wood waste can be used to heat boilers as a substitute for fuel oil. This study on the use of wood waste was carried out to assess technical, economic and environmental aspects. An assessment of the technical aspect was carried out to see the efficiency of using wood waste compared to fuel oil. Financial aspects are an important consideration in utilizing wood waste, while environmental aspects. Studies show that diesel fuel consumption is higher than wood waste fuel consumption, however boiler efficiency is higher using oil fuel compared to wood waste fuel, namely 70%: 20%. Financial analysis using NPV shows that this wood waste fueled boiler is economically feasible. From environmental aspects, it is known that fuel consumption for one year for wood waste fuel produces CO2 emissions of 1,207.36 tons, which is lower than CO2 emissions from burning diesel which is 6,808.31 tons.

This research discusses the trends in machine learning (ML) applications for predicting ecosystem responses to environmental changes. A keyword search was conducted in the WoS database using Boolean operators to identify relevant peer-reviewed articles. The search focused on English-language documents published between 2014 and 2023, while excluding non-original articles. Bibliometric data, includingpublication trends, citation counts, author collaboration patterns, and keyword analysis, were extracted from 554 retrieved articles. The data was then analyzed and visualized using R and VOSViewer. The study highlights the significant growth in annual scientific production, reflecting a growing interest in thisinterdisciplinary field. Core concepts such as “climate change,” “biodiversity,” and “ecological responses” continue to receive significant attention, while contemporary themes like “variability,” “time-seriesanalysis,” and “organic matter” are emerging. Co-authorship networks demonstrate extensive collaborationsacross countries, with the United States and China playing prominent roles. The research topics have evolvedfrom “ecological responses” and “community” to a focus on “model,” “optimization,” and “performance,” with an emphasis on fine-tuning models to incorporate climate variability.

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms contain heat shock proteins (HSPs), crucial for rapid response to environmental stress. However, their specific roles in different stress conditions are not fully understood. This study investigated HSP70 and HSP90 expression in H. diversicolor squamata, using qRT-PCR. Data analysis employed SPSS, including t-tests and ANOVA, with significance set at P < 0.05. Results showed distinct expression patterns of HSP genes under varying TSS levels. Both HSP70 and HSP90 mRNA levels significantly increased in response to TSS stressors, with HSP70 exhibiting the highest sensitivity to TSS changes. The duration and amount of TSS exposure influenced gene transcripts, particularly notable at 12 hours and 150 mgL-1 concentration. These findings suggest HSP genes play a role in cellular stress responses to environmental stimuli. HSP70 and HSP90, sensitive to TSS stress, can serve as biomarkers for assessing stress levels from TSS exposure and detecting TSS contamination in abalone farming.

Out of the 2,142 existing community-managed sorting and recycling facilities in Indonesia, known as TPS-3R, only 14% are functioning optimally due to economic challenges, highlighting the need for financially viable TPS-3R. To address this issue, the research aims to recommend an economically viable plastic recovery waste management system with optimum residue and income. Cibodas and Padamukti Villages are chosen as the case study location, as it has only 20% waste collection coverage and is located in the Citarum Watershed, whose river is a source of water for 60 million people and is part of the Citarik Ecotourism Living Lab. Primary data collection was carried out through interviews with recyclers in the villages and through waste volume and composition characterization. Three scenarios were developed for the Plastic Recovery Facility (PRF) objectives: Scenario 1 (S1) serves as the baseline of PRF, Scenario 2 (S2) buys plastic wastes from existing traders to be processed with more advanced plastic recycling technologies, and Scenario 3 (S3) is a self-sustaining PRF that could be replicated for the whole villages. Data analysis involved mass balance, financial models, BCR, NPV, and multicriteria decision-making. The residue disposed of in landfills is 32%, 17%, and 28% of the total waste managed for S1, S2, and S3. Financial modeling yielded BCR values of 1.06, 1.15, and 1.24, as well as NPV +IDR78,036,332; +IDR465,224,754; and +IDR354,414,072. The results highlight the importance of detailed analysis of mass balance and financial modeling according to the waste composition in any TPS-3R location, especially the differences in the value of rigid and flexible plastics, which will affect the types of technology and products. While the recommended scenario, S3, does not eliminate the need for capital investment from the government, it provides a framework to plan PRF with an operating surplus, which will increase the community’s willingness to run it and ensure the PRF’s long-term functionality to yield social and environmental benefits.

Human body tissue disease diagnosis will become more accurate if transmittance images, such as X-ray images, are separated according to each constituent tissue. This research proposes a new image decomposition technique based on the matrix inverse method for biological tissue images. The fundamental idea of this research is based on the fact that when k different monochromatic lights penetrate a biological tissue, they will experience different attenuation coefficients. Furthermore, the same happens when monochromatic light penetrates k different biological tissues, as they will also experience different attenuation coefficients. The various attenuation coefficients are arranged into a unique k×k-dimensional square matrix. k-many images taken by k-many different monochromatic lights are then merged into an image vector entity; further, a matrix inverse operation is performed on the merged image, producing N-many tissue thickness images of the constituent tissues. This research demonstrates that the proposed method effectively decomposes images of biological objects into separate images, each showing the thickness distributions of different constituent tissues. In the future, this proposed new technique is expected to contribute to supporting medical imaging analysis.

Despite the advanced development of technology has played a critical role in promoting a global community for people around the globe, it has been paid little attention in the literature that explores teachers' and students' readiness to become part of the digital citizenship particularly in the Indonesian education context. It is thus the objective of the present study to examine Indonesian teachers' and students’ perception and their level of digital citizenship. Using a non-probability sampling technique, a total of 157 participants participated in the survey, including 39 teachers and 118 students. Many participants were from vocational-secondary schools (N = 58) and non-vocational secondary schools (N = 99). However, after a screening process, of 157 datasets, only 98 data were used for the quantitative data analysis using the Rasch modelling. Rasch modelling method was used for the quantitative data analysis. The findings of the current study revealed that teachers and students had a high-level level of digital citizenship. The teacher and student participants also had a positive view digital citizenship. However, although teachers and students perceived that the internet had helped them develop an understanding of political and social issues, they were reported to have fewer political activities online. They were reluctant to discuss political and social issues in the online community. Findings also showed that the participants' political activity was statistically different in reference to their age, although teachers and students were shown to have a similar level of digital citizenship. Recommendations were thus offered based on the findings.

Abstract Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume commonly called Moth Orchid (Orchidaceae) is a natural orchid species designated as the National Flower of Indonesia for its beautiful flower shape and long-lasting flowering period. Basically, P. amabilis has a long vegetative phase that cause late flowering, about 2 to 3 years for flowering, hence a method to shorten vegetative period is desired. The latest technological approach that can be used to accelerate flowering of P. amabilis is the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing method to inactivate the GAI (Gibberellic Acid Insensitive) gene as a mutant gene that can accelerate the regulation of FLOWERING TIME (FT) genes flowering biosynthesis pathway. The approach that needs to be taken is to silence the GAI gene with a knockout system which begins with identifying and characterizing the GAI target gene in the P. amabilis which will be used as a single guide RNA. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knockout efficiency is highly dependent on the properties of the sgRNA used. SgRNA consists of a target sequence, determining its specificity performance. We executed phylogenetic clustering for the PaGAI protein with closely related orchid species such as Dendrobium capra, Dendrobium cultivars and Cymbidium sinensis. SWISS-Model as tool webserver for protein structure homology modeling. Results show that P. amabilis has a specific domain with the occurrence of point mutations in the two conservative domains. Therefore, a single guide RNA reconstruction needs to be implemented.

Along with increasing the complexity of learning objectives, the traditional Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) are insufficient in improving students’ learning achievement. Advanced VLEs can be created to overcome this challenge by combining traditional VLEs with Virtual Lab Network Simulation (Vilanets) learning media. This research, conducted over a period of one year, investigates the effect of different VLEs (beginner, intermediate, and advanced). The participants were 58 students assigned into three groups: beginner VLEs using video, intermediate VLEs using the Cisco Packet Tracer simulator, and advanced VLEs using Vilanets learning media. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design and one-way ANCOVA were used for the statistical analysis. The findings revealed a significant effect of VLEs on students’ learning achievement posttest scores controlled by pretest scores (F = 4.03; p = 0.02; p

Changes in land use have an impact on the level of soil fertility. Soil management, such as land cover systems and the environment, are supporting factors. Assessment of soil fertility index using indicators of soil chemical properties such as organic C, availability of nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable cations (K, Ca, Mg, Na). The research was conducted in Tutur District, Pasuruan Regency, with a survey of 5 land uses, i.e., mixed crops, coffee plantations, apple plantations, vegetable fields, secondary forests, and conservation forests. Observations were made on elevation, slope, and vegetation. Parameters of physical properties measured were soil texture and aggregate stability. Observations of chemical properties included organic C, N, P, CEC, exchangeable cation (K, Ca, Mg, Na), and soil pH. Soil Fertility Index (SFI) data were analyzed using the Least Significant Difference method at a 5% level. The results showed the diversity of soil fertility levels obtained from the calculation of the soil fertility index. The soil fertility index value in 5 land uses in Tutur District ranged from 0.67 to 1.00. Coffee plantations had the highest SFI score of 1.00; this condition was supported by an organic C indicator of 6.21% and a CEC value of 39.12 cmol kg-1. Conservation forest is the land use with the lowest SFI value of 0.67. The value of CEC and cation exchange in conservation forests are factors that impact the low value of SFI.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the possibilities and opportunities for ASEAN and Korea student exchange programs in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, by focusing on the needs of non-participating ASEAN students. To do so, this study conducted an online survey to analyze ASEAN students' understanding, views, expectations, and reasons for not participating in student exchange programs to Korea, while investigating their considerations and preferences for future participation. The findings revealed significant differences between ASEAN students in terms of nationality (especially Vietnamese students), academic field, and gender. They also highlighted the rising role and importance of hybrid and online modes of student mobility, that grew in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, there is a need for universities, government policy makers and educational scholars to reflect the emerging new needs of students concerning ASEAN-Korea exchange programs in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era.

Research on dry marsh Three-Spot Gourami has been carried out without utilizing and addition of sow seasoning as much as 15%. Removal of the head can reduce the weight of products and nutrients wasted without being utilized. In addition, the use of sow seasoning needs to be studied again, considering the negative side of instant seasoning that can interfere with health. This study investigated the influence of cooking methods and duration to maximize the overall utilization of the Three-Spot Gourami fish body and reduce the concentration of seasonings. However, nutritionally and consumer acceptance is still in the maximum value range. The stages of the study are divided into 2 (two) groups. First, the manufacture of marsh astringent chips by ripening (without cooking, boiling, steaming, and pressurized steaming). The best treatment in the first research phase will be continued in the second phase, namely cooking with duration of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes. At each of the stages, marsh-astringent chips are characterized proximately (water, ash, fat, proteins, and carbohydrates), physics (crispness), and organoleptic (appearance, colour, taste, aroma, and texture) for stage 1 and stage 2 characterization of physics (crispness) and organoleptic (appearance, colour, taste, flavour, and texture). The trial design used a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) with treatment according to each stage. The results of the first phase of the study showed that the treatment of pressure steaming method (A3) was the best treatment with the characteristics of the water content of 6.56%, protein content of 51.09, ash content of 9.67%, the fat content of 16.59%, the appearance of 6.75, colour 8, texture of 8.2, taste of 7.55, the aroma of 7.65 and crispness 7.85. While the second stage of the study, the best treatment was in the cooking time for 20 minutes (B2) with a value of appearance 6.7, colour 8.25, texture 7.85, taste 7.80, aroma 8.35, and crispness 7.45.