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Peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodations research has favored positive aspects, overlooking consumer loss. We used the push-pull-mooring (PPM) model of migration theory to understand why consumers abandon P2P accommodations and return to traditional accommodations, namely, hotels. We examined online survey data from Chinese consumers to determine the usefulness of the PPM model and found that push factors (perceived risks consisting of performance/time-loss/environmental/safety/privacy risks) and pull factors (perceived standardization consisting of standard service, perceived control, and reliability) significantly influenced switching intention. Additionally, gender moderated the relationships between push and pull factors and switching intention. These findings could help practitioners in P2P accommodations or hotels devise strategies to retain and attract customers.

Purpose Drawing on and extending the push-pull-mooring (PPM) framework, this paper aims to empirically explore the influencing mechanism of traveler switching intention from the hotel reservation platforms to the sharing accommodation platforms (SAPs). Design/methodology/approach This study adopts structural equation modeling to analyze the 543 responses collected among hotel reservation platforms and SAPs travelers. Findings The results support the positive effect of both push factors (e.g. dissatisfaction with product, service and information quality of hotels on the hotel reservation platform) and pull factors (e.g. price value, authenticity, interaction, home benefits and novelty of SAPs) on traveler switching intention. Except for the negative effect of switching cost, other mooring factors including prior switching experience and social influence positively affect traveler switching intention. The authors also found the switching cost negatively and prior switching experience positively moderated the push effects on traveler switching intention, while the social influence positively moderated the pull effects on traveler switching intention. Research limitations/implications Recommendations of future SAP participation research to consider the competing platforms, the unique experiences of SAPs and mooring factors. Examining the factors of different sources is also useful for practitioners to better understand travelers’ demands and to improve the overall welfare of travelers. Originality/value This paper embraces an extended PPM framework to explore traveler switching intention in online travel platforms. Moreover, this paper provides unique insights into the switching behavior from the hotel reservation platforms to the SAPs.

The paleogeographic position of the central Dodecanese Islands at the transition between the Aegean and Anatolian plates plays a considerable role in understanding the link between both geologically unique domains. In this study, we investigate the tectonic history of the central Dodecanese Islands and the general correlation with the Aegean and western Anatolian and focus on the poorly studied islands of Kalymnos and Telendos. Three different major tectonic units were mapped on both islands from bottom to top: (1) The Kefala Unit consists of late Paleozoic, fossil-rich limestones, which have been deformed into a SE-vergent fold-and-thrust belt sealed by an up to 200-m-thick wildflysch-type olistostrome with marble and ultramafic blocks on a scale of tens of meters. (2) The Marina Basement Unit consists of a Variscan amphibolite facies basement with garnet mica schists, quartzites, and amphibolites. (3) Verrucano-type formation violet shales and Mesozoic unmetamorphosed limestones form the Marina Cover Unit. Correlation of these units with other units in the Aegean suggests that Kalymnos is paleogeographically located at the southern margin of the Pelagonian domain, and therefore it was in a structurally upper tectonic position during the Paleogene Alpine orogeny. New white mica 40Ar/39Ar ages confirm the Carboniferous deformation of the Marina Basement Unit followed by a weak Triassic thermal event. Single-grain white mica 40Ar/39Ar ages from pressure solution cleavage of the newly defined Telendos Thrust suggest that the Marina Basement Unit was thrusted toward the north on top of the Kefala Unit in the Paleocene. Located at a tectonically upper position, the units exposed in the central Dodecanese escaped subduction and the syn-orogenic, high-pressure metamorphism. However, these units were affected by post-orogenic extension, and the contact between the Marina Basement Unit and the non-metamorphic Marina Cover Unit has been reactivated by the cataclastic top-to-SSW, low-angle Kalymnos Detachment. Zircon (U-Th)/He ages from the Kefala and Marina Basement Units are ca. 30 Ma, which indicates that exhumation and cooling below the Kalymnos Detachment started in the Oligocene. Conjugate brittle high-angle normal fault systems, which resulted in the formation of four major WNW-ESE–trending graben systems on Kalymnos, localized mainly in the Marina Cover Unit and probably rooted in the mechanically linked Kalymnos Detachment. Since Oligo-Miocene deformation in the northern Dodecanese records top-to-NNE extension and the Kalymnos Detachment accommodated top-to-SSW extension, we suggest that back-arc extension in the whole Aegean realm and transition to the Anatolian plate is bivergent.

“Push–pull” derivatives (2 – 4) of zinc(II) complexes having quadruply fused porphyrinato (QFP) ligands have been synthesized to elucidate the impact of the “push–pull” effects on the electronic structure of QFP. Each ZnQFP derivative of 2 – 4 has an electron-withdrawing group (EWG) such as nitro group and a methoxy group as an electron-donating group (EDG) at the diagonal positions of the molecule. Owing to the extended [Formula: see text]-conjugation of 2– 4 reaching to the substituted positions of the EWG and EDG, charge-transfer (CT) bands, which are sensitive to the solvent polarity, have been observed in the UV-vis spectra. In contrast, the corresponding “push–pull” derivatives of tetraphenylporphyrin, whose [Formula: see text]-conjugation is disconnected at the bonds between the meso-carbon and meso-aryl group, do not exhibit any CT transitions derived from the substituents.

Given the negative impact of COVID 19 on tourists’ daily emotional well-being and travel intention, this study attempts to investigate how tourists’ daily emotional well-being may and to what exten...

Across sub-Saharan Africa, climate change is exacerbating pest problems for smallholder farmers. Push-pull technology (PPT) is an agronomic package designed to reduce the effects of Striga and stem...

The reactions of 2-perfluoroacyl-1H-benzo[f]chromenes and 6,7-dimethyl-3-trifluoroacetyl-4H-chromene with primary aliphatic amines and ammonia afforded a series of enamino ketones containing a (2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methyl or 2-hydroxybenzyl substituent in the α-position with respect to the carbonyl group. These reactions involved opening of the pyran ring, which followed aza-Michael addition as the initial step. The obtained enamino ketones were found to exist in DMSO solution as single E isomers.

The aim of this work was to prepare push-pull osmotic pump capsules using crosslinked hard gelatin capsules as a structural assembly for delivery of four model drugs with different water solubilities including diltiazem hydrochloride, propranolol hydrochloride, ambroxol hydrochloride, and paracetamol. A hard gelatin capsule was crosslinked in formaldehyde vapor for 12 h. Then, a push-pull osmotic pump capsule was prepared, and formulation factors were investigated, i.e., the amount and solubility of model drugs, the amount of polyethylene oxide in pull layer, and size of the capsule. Drug release was evaluated to clarify the release characteristic in several release mediums. Results showed that drug release was independent of drug solubility, drug amount, and capsule size. Almost all of the drug release approached Higuchi’s release model. However, ambroxol hydrochloride could not deliver via this device because of its rather high-density drug particle. Reduction of the polyethylene oxide amount resulted in less drug release. Increasing osmolality of the medium reduced drug release. Drug release studies using a medium with digestive enzymes did not alter drug release compared to medium without enzymes. Push-pull osmotic pump capsules prepared from stored crosslinked hard gelatin capsule shells provided reproducible drug release characteristic. This developed push-pull osmotic pump capsule is an alternative osmotic pump device for delivery of drugs with different water solubilities.

A convenient method for the synthesis of new highly in non-polar solvents soluble photoactive pentafluorophenyl-substituted and extended alkoxyphenyl-substituted 2,2′-bipyridines is reported. The synthetic strategy for the preparation of such ligands involves a sequence of several structural transformations, such as O-alkylation, nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen (SN H) in 1,2,4-triazine precursors via the ‘addition–elimination’ scheme, and the subsequent conversion of the obtained 1,2,4-triazines into 2,2′-bipyridines by means of the aza-Diels–Alder reaction. The photophysical properties of the synthesized novel pentafluoroaryl-substituted 2,2′-bipyridines were comprehensively studied. The obtained photophysical data indicate the competitive advantages of the herein reported pentafluoroarylated push–pull fluorophores, bearing extended aliphatic moieties, over their analogues containing benzoxy or phenolic fragments in terms of improvement in quantum yield and well-pronounced positive solvatochromism confirmed by the mathematical analysis according to the Lippert–Mataga equation.

Currently, there is immense interest in the chemistry of push–pull heptamethines containing a strong acceptor of 2-dicyanomethylidene-3-cyano-4,5,5-trimethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran (TCF). This class of c...

With the growing trend of globalization, an increasing number of Chinese students choose to study overseas. While researchers have conducted many studies to explore factors motivating these students to undertake higher education overseas, few studies have investigated Chinese students’ motivations to pursue secondary education abroad. To fill this research gap, we interviewed 20 Chinese secondary students and four Chinese parents to explore Chinese students’ motivations to pursue secondary education abroad by taking Canada as a study destination example. By adopting the push–pull model as the theoretical framework, we identify two macro-level push factors and three micro-level push factors that propel Chinese secondary students to study outside China. It also reveals five pull factors at the macro-level and two pull factors at the micro-level that attract these students to select Canada as a study abroad destination. On the basis of identifying these push–pull factors, we further discuss the similarities and differences of Chinese students’ motivations to pursue secondary education abroad and to undertake higher education overseas.

This paper provides a quantitative analysis of the resistance force of the locked-wheel for push-pull locomotion rovers using intentional sinkage. Our previous study has confirmed that push-pull locomotion using intentional subsidence at an initial position can contribute to improving the traveling performance. The key factor of this scheme is the resistance force of the locked-wheel. However, the resistance force at different sinkage conditions and wheel sizes (e.g., mass, width, and diameter) remains unclear, especially for the individual locked-wheel. The detailed investigation of this interaction can contribute to the accurate estimation of rover mobility. This paper, therefore, investigates the locked-wheel and soil interaction at different sinkage conditions experimentally, especially focusing on the intentional sinkage condition. Additionally, the resistance force is considered theoretically through the knowledge based on the soil flow patterns beneath the locked-wheel. The experimental results confirmed that the resistance force of the locked-wheel rose as the initial sinkage, wheel size, and weight increases. Furthermore, the theoretical calculation suggested the resistance force increased with a similar tendency of the experimental data.

The present research addresses the push–pull winescape traits of the hedonic wine tourism segment and discusses their attitudinal and behavioral intentions. The self-governing pen-and-paper survey conveniently sampled 301 wine tourists in situ at the Swan Valley winery in Western Australia. Push–pull winescape qualities generated a segmentation basis for cluster analysis, which defined four divisions— Inspireds, Self-Drivens, Market-Drivens, and Inerts. Inspireds exhibited the most favorable attitude toward the winery and were the most willing to recommend the winery, whereas Inerts demonstrated the converse effect. Theoretically, the segmentation bases, building on the Push–Pull winescape properties, provide a fresh and more nuanced description of the wine tourism categories in Australia’s rising wine tourism sector. Idealistically, this new image is important in delivering marketing insights to fewer Australian wine producers whose only connection to regional retail and export markets is via direct sales at the winery gates.

The market size of video game streaming is growing at an unprecedented rate, while streaming platforms and streamers are engaging in fierce competitions to retain viewers. Prior studies focused on ...

The rational design and preparation of three A2B type Co(III)triarylcorroles with push- and pull-substituents are reported. The structure-property relationships were identified by comparing their optically spectroscopic and electrochemical properties to trends predicted in DFT and TD-DFT calculations. The results demonstrate that the Co(III)triarylcorroles are highly efficient catalysts for electrocatalyzed hydrogen evolutions (HERs) and oxygen reductions (ORRs), and that their reactivity can be modulated by changing the meso-B-substituent of the Co(III)Corroles.

In order to increase the energy transmission density between the coupled coils in the wireless power transmission (WPT) system, this paper propose the push–pull magnetic field excitation. A push–pu...

Accurate assessment of biomechanical risk associated with pushing/pulling tasks represents a challenging issue, especially in the health system where personnel are often required to maneuver beds and carts. Most studies in this field have been carried out in the laboratory, while few data have been collected under actual working conditions. This study aims to characterize the forces exerted during non-powered hospital bed maneuvering. Twenty participants were required to move a bed (equipped with a customized handlebar to measure exerted forces) along an actual hospital path including straight, turn and maneuver phases. The results show that higher forces are associated with the initial phase (peak and mean values 222 and 68 N) while the straight, turn and maneuvering phases required similar (lower) efforts. The combined effect of left, right and transversal forces suggests that the trunk of the operator might experience axial rotation, thus calling for further investigations of this aspect.

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) lack robustness to test image corruptions that are not seen during training. In this paper, we propose a new layer for CNNs that increases their robustness to several types of corruptions of the input images. We call it a ‘push–pull’ layer and compute its response as the combination of two half-wave rectified convolutions, with kernels of different size and opposite polarity. Its implementation is based on a biologically motivated model of certain neurons in the visual system that exhibit response suppression, known as push–pull inhibition. We validate our method by replacing the first convolutional layer of the LeNet, ResNet and DenseNet architectures with our push–pull layer. We train the networks on original training images from the MNIST and CIFAR data sets and test them on images with several corruptions, of different types and severities, that are unseen by the training process. We experiment with various configurations of the ResNet and DenseNet models on a benchmark test set with typical image corruptions constructed on the CIFAR test images. We demonstrate that our push–pull layer contributes to a considerable improvement in robustness of classification of corrupted images, while maintaining state-of-the-art performance on the original image classification task. We released the code and trained models at the url http://github.com/nicstrisc/Push-Pull-CNN-layer.

Enediamines was prepared by simple reaction of arylazomalononitriles with piperidine or morphilines in high yield. Reaction of the obtained enediamines with acid and hydrazines was studied. Structure of the novel enediamines was established by X-ray data as well as, spectroscopic and analytical data.

Specimens from Ni-Cr-Fe wrought superalloy INCONEL 718 were used for fatigue push-pull test at elevated temperature 700 °C. Fatigue loading was with the coefficient of cycle asymmetry R = -1. Temperature of fatigue test was chosen from two reasons; one is that limit operating temperature for this type of alloy is 650 – 700 °C due to precipitation of stable but incoherent orthorhombic Ni3Nb delta phase; the second reason for this temperature is fact that metastable body-centred tetragonal Ni3Nb gamma double prime phase starts to transform to delta phase and from that reason there is an expectation for mechanical properties decreasing due to increased volume of delta phase. For evaluation of fatigued specimens were Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) observation used. Also methods of quantitative metallography – coherent testing grids were used for evaluation of delta phase volume. Some references describe that higher volume of delta phase, mostly situated at grain boundaries, act as initiation sites for cracks and therefore decreasing mechanical properties. Employed SEM and TEM analysis confirm the increased volume of delta phase in specimens after fatigue loading but a negative influence on dynamic properties, such fatigue lifetime, for this alloy was not confirmed.

Azoheteroarenes are the most recent derivatives targeted to further improve the properties of azo‐based photoswitches. Their light‐induced mechanism for trans–cis isomerization is assumed to be very similar to that of the parent azobenzene. As such, they inherited the controversy about the dominant isomerization pathway (rotation vs. inversion) depending on the excited state (nπ* vs. ππ*). Although the controversy seems settled in azobenzene, the extent to which the same conclusions apply to the more structurally diverse family of azoheteroarenes is unclear. Here, by means of non‐adiabatic molecular dynamics, the photoisomerization mechanism of three prototypical phenyl‐azoheteroarenes with increasing push–pull character is unraveled. The evolution of the rotational and inversion conical intersection energies, the preferred pathway, and the associated kinetics upon both nπ* and ππ* excitations can be linked directly with the push–pull substitution effects. Overall, the working conditions of this family of azo‐dyes is clarified and a possibility to exploit push–pull substituents to tune their photoisomerization mechanism is identified, with potential impact on their quantum yield., At a push: Azoheteroarene derivatives with increased push–pull character have been investigated computationally, revealing how the push–pull substitution affects the rotation and inversion conical intersection energies, the preferred pathway, and the associated kinetics upon both nπ* and ππ* excitations.

Planetary exploration rovers have required a high traveling performance to overcome obstacles such as loose soil and rocks. Push-pull locomotion rovers is a unique scheme, like an inchworm, and it has high traveling performance on loose soil. Push-pull locomotion uses the resistance force by keeping a locked-wheel related to the ground, whereas the conventional rotational traveling uses the shear force from loose soil. The locked-wheel is a key factor for traveling in the push-pull scheme. Understanding the sinking behavior and its resistance force is useful information for estimating the rover’s performance. Previous studies have reported the soil motion under the locked-wheel, the traction, and the traveling behavior of the rover. These studies were, however, limited to the investigation of the resistance force and amount of sinkage for the particular condition depending on the rover. Additionally, the locked-wheel sinks into the soil until it obtains the required force for supporting the other wheels’ motion. How the amount of sinkage and resistance forces are generated at different wheel sizes and mass of an individual wheel has remained unclear, and its estimation method hasn’t existed. This study, therefore, addresses the relationship between the sinkage and its resistance force, and we analyze and consider this relationship via the towing experiment and theoretical consideration. The results revealed that the sinkage reached a steady-state value and depended on the contact area and mass of each wheel, and the maximum resistance force also depends on this sinkage. Additionally, the estimation model did not capture the same trend as the experimental results when the wheel width changed, whereas, the model captured a relatively the same trend as the experimental result when the wheel mass and diameter changed.

Background and Aims While endoscopic removal of large (2-2.5 cm) objects can be accomplished utilizing a combination of endoscopic accessories, very large (>2.5 cm) foreign bodies are often referred for surgical management. We developed a novel, safe, and effective technique for the removal of very large solid foreign bodies utilizing commercially available endoscopes, dilation balloons, and accessories. Methods Three consecutive patients who presented with acute foreign body ingestion of very large objects (>2.5 cm × >2.5 cm) underwent a novel push-pull extraction technique employing endotracheal intubation, paralysis, esophageal dilation, and extraction with a double-channel therapeutic endoscope with a combination of balloon-assisted traction (push) and snare guidance (pull). One patient presented after ingestion of a C-type battery (50 mm × 26.2 mm) retained in the gastric antrum. Two patients presented after the ingestion of bundled illicit narcotic packets (46 mm × 43 mm and 36 mm × 26 mm), impacted in the esophagus and the antrum, respectively. Results Successful endoscopic removal of the very large foreign bodies was safely achieved in all cases (3/3) without surgical assistance. Patients recovered without any reported adverse events and were discharged within 1 hour of the procedure. The procedure times and recovery times were not outside that expected for complex foreign body retrievals. There was no disruption of the plastic packages containing illicit narcotics in the 2 patients who ingested these objects. Conclusions Endoscopic extraction of very large (>25 mm × >25 mm) foreign bodies is safe and possible utilizing a novel push-pull technique with currently available endoscopes and accessories.

International audience; This article gathers, as of 2020, examples of (hetero)dinuclear dinitrogen complexes that are formed by Lewis acid (LA)–base interaction thanks to dative bonding between an electron‐deficient s‐, p‐, or d‐block species and the electron‐rich terminal nitrogen of a neutral end‐on dinitrogen complex. LA coordination to the dinitrogen ligand results in a higher level of activation (i.e. polarization) according to a push–pull mechanism: electron depletion induced by LA coordination amplifies electron back‐donation. The magnitude of such phenomenon will depend on various factors that will be highlighted here, as well as the mean to measure it. In some instances, key reactivities that LA coordination has lent to the dinitrogen complex, or how their combination has allowed the discovery of original reactions will be discussed. This article is organized in three main sections according to which block of the periodic system the LA component of the complexes discussed belongs to. In a final section, pieces of work issued from main group chemistry and relevant in the context of N2 push–pull activation will be presented.

The effects of push-pull porphyrin dyes as well as copper(I/II) redox shuttles on photovoltaic properties have been examined toward high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). DSSC with a ...

Purpose This study aims to examine the interactive effect of the push factor from the conventional bank, the pull factor from the Islamic bank and the internal mooring factor of the customers in influencing the switching behavior of two types of customer account holders, the conventional only and the mixed (conventional and Islamic bank) account holders, from the services marketing mix perspective. Design/methodology/approach This study applied an explanatory research design. The data were collected via an online survey from 1,171 Muslim participants; participants consisted of conventional only account holders, Islamic bank only account holders and mixed (conventional and Islamic bank) account holders. The data were mainly analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings Based on the account, the results showed that the three types of customers differ significantly in terms of the effect of the push, pull and mooring factors. The study also showed that the mooring factor, which is internal to the customer, is the most significant factor that inhibits customers from migrating to Islamic banks. The effect was observed for both conventional customers and those who hold mixed accounts. Research limitations/implications The study was conducted via an online survey, which reduces the representativeness of the sample. In addition, most respondents were urban dwellers and well educated, which might not represent the banking behaviour of Indonesian Muslim customers in general. Practical implications The study implies that to attract the conventional only account holder, Islamic banks should first weaken the mooring factors (the internal characteristics of the customers) that inhibit customers from switching to an Islamic bank. Originality/value The main contribution of the study is that it simultaneously identifies the push, pull and mooring factors that have the most significant impacts on Muslim customers' switching behavior from a conventional to an Islamic bank.

Contour detection is a salient operation in many computer vision applications as it extracts features that are important for distinguishing objects in scenes. It is believed to be a primary role of simple cells in visual cortex of the mammalian brain. Many of such cells receive push-pull inhibition or surround suppression. We propose a computational model that exhibits a combination of these two phenomena. It is based on two existing models, which have been proven to be very effective for contour detection. In particular, we introduce a brain-inspired contour operator that combines push-pull and surround inhibition. It turns out that this combination results in a more effective contour detector, which suppresses texture while keeping the strongest responses to lines and edges, when compared to existing models. The proposed model consists of a Combination of Receptive Field (or CORF) model with push-pull inhibition, extended with surround suppression. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach on the RuG and Berkeley benchmark data sets of 40 and 500 images, respectively. The proposed push-pull CORF operator with surround suppression outperforms the one without suppression with high statistical significance.

This paper proposes a push-pull airflow combined with a top draft hood to conduct local exhaust in a rubber workshop. Field measurements are carried out to investigate the characteristics of the emission source, while numerical simulation is performed based on the measurement to test the capture efficiency and to further optimize various parameters including push velocity, hood height and exhaust air rate. Compared with the high-hanging hood, the low-hanging hood can effectively capture the pollutant generated by tyre with lower exhaust air rate. The capture efficiency of the low-hanging hood reaches 98.18% with exhaust air rate of 6000 m3/h and push air velocity of 5m/s. The results indicates that the new ventilation appliance can effectively collect the pollutant at a relatively low exhaust rate.

The recent advancements in Radio frequency (RF) are brought forward using Micro-machining technology, for being small sized and better performances. There is more scope of improvement as it was most recent field of interdisciplinary field. Among the phase shifters using the MEMS technology are growing its importance when compared conventional shifters by overcoming most of the limitations. But switching speed is always a concernwhen a mechanical actuating element is present that compromises the overall performance of the devices. As DMTL base Shifter most rely on the RF MEMS switches, the speed of switch is governing to overall performance of the phase shifter. In this paper push pull base RF MEMS switch was mechanical altered with triangular cantilevers to improve switching speed. This would find better applications in Reconfigurable DMTL’s that operated at wide band applications. The resonant frequency improvement was carried where 13% of switchingwas improvement for the device.

Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers with high mortality in humans. Early diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer is of great significance for cancer therapy. Numerous theranostic agents have been developed to detect and kill cancer cells. However, few reports have focused on how these agents control and affect the gene expression of cancer cells in vivo. Herein, three pyridinium-functionalized tetraphenylethylene derivatives, namely, TPE-OM, TPE-H, and TPE-NO2, with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups were facilely synthesized as theranostic agents for cell imaging and anticolon cancer therapy. Among these AIE luminogens (AIEgens), TPE-OM with donor and acceptor structure showed the best treatment efficacy for colon cancer through systematic biological evaluation and comparison. Both in vitro cell imaging and in vivo tumor treatment experiments demonstrated that TPE-OM can be utilized as an efficient theranostic agent to diagnose and kill colon cancer cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the cell cycle process was disturbed by TPE-OM in colon cancer cells. Deep insight into the gene level revealed that the expressions of cell-cycle-promoting genes was inhibited upon addition of TPE-OM. This study may open a new venue for unraveling the mechanisms of cancer metastasis.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review motivational factors driving migration return by assessing both push and pull factors that influence return intentions. The study aims to expand current literature of migration return, and proposes a conceptual framework. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review was conducted to determine the push–pull factors that influence international return migration. The authors did a comprehensive search of electronic databases using relevant key terms. Findings The findings highlight motivational factors in detail and classify them into three categories: economic, psychological and situational. Most of the literature concerning motives of migration return discussed economic and psychological as the two major factors, but here other motivational factors are presented, which are named as situational factors in this study. Research limitations/implications The paper adopts a systematic literature review method to probe into existing literature, inevitably lacking some empirical studies; thus, the results may not be generalizable. Therefore, future research is suggested to test the proposed propositions. Practical implications The paper offers compelling propositions, which could be a useful reference for migrants’ repatriation motives. It will shed light on motivational factors beyond economic and physiological factors. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to provide a comprehensive review of motivational factors of migration return using push–pull theory and propose beyond psychological and economic factors.