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The median palatal cyst is a developmental cyst at the midline of the palate, usually presenting as an asymptomatic swelling, located just behind the maxillary central incisors. It is the most common non-odontogenic cyst of the jaws, but is rarely seen in children. The median palatal cyst has recently been identified as a possible posterior version of the nasopalatine duct cyst. The purpose of this paper is to report an unusual case of a median palatal cyst in a 7-year-old boy who presented with a slow-growing swelling in the anterior palatal region and management of the cyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dental caries among children is one of the greatest challenges faced by dentists globally; especially that of susceptible surfaces like the Pit and fissures. Dental sealants have proved to be an effective way to prevent caries development. The Clinical success of any material depends upon its adhesion to tooth structure, resistance to wear and ability to withstand the masticatory or occlusal forces. Hence it is important to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS). The Present study's aim was to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of different pit and fissure sealants placed on Primary molars and Permanent Premolars. Materials & Methods: Sixty noncarious extracted teeth comprising of thirty Primary molars and thirty Permanent Premolars were divided into four groups of 15 each. The buccal surfaces of all teeth were dried, etched and the etched surfaces of Primary molars (Group I) and Permanent Premolars (Group III) were placed with Helioseal-F while Groups II and IV, that included Primary molars and Permanent Premolars received Clinpro. Shear bond strength was evaluated and the mean was obtained for all the groups. The results were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance followed by Tukeys post hoc procedure to check for significant differences. Results: The specimens of unfilled sealant Clinpro (Groups II & IV) showed higher Shear bond strength when compared to the specimens of filled sealant Helioseal-F (Groups I & III). Conclusion: The unfilled sealant showed a better Shear bond strength compared to the filled sealant. The bond strength in Primary molars was slightly higher compared to Permanent Premolars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deposition of cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin films on glass substrates in acidic medium by photochemical deposition (PCD) and studies by several characterizations are presented. The structural characterization of the thin films was carried out by XRD. The elemental composition of the thin films was carried out by EDAX. The optical properties have been studied in the wavelength range 200-900 nm and the optical transition has been found to be direct and allowed. The morphological properties are studied by AFM and electrical properties are studied by four probe technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pathogen Phomopsis vexans causes leaf blight, fruit rot, and damping off in brinjal plants, all of which are extremely detrimental. The pathogen affects host plant photosynthetic efficiency and fruit quantity and quality. An appreciation of the pathogenicity of P. vexans is essential for the effective control of infections in the field. Consequently, the goal of this study was to characterise P. vexans in terms of their biochemistry, molecular diversity, and pathogenicity. In terms of cellulase (97.7 U), catalase (12.2 U), and ascorbate peroxidase (147.3 U) activity, isolate PV1 performed best, followed by PV5 (CL-97.0 U, CAT-11.1 U and APX-144.4 U), and PV8 (CL-88.8 U, CAT-9.8 U and APX-141.9 U). In a greenhouse pathogenicity test, isolate PV1 had the highest incidence (97%) and severity (88.6%) of disease, whereas isolate PV6 showed the lowest incidence (57.2%) and severity (70%) of disease. The biochemical enzyme activity of P. vexans corresponds well with its greenhouse pathogenicity results, and its combination can be exploited to identify pathogenic P. vexans isolates. Using RAPD and ISSR primers, molecular characterisation indicated genetic diversity but could not distinguish isolates by geographical origin or pathogenicity. The pathogen P. vexans was verified by ITS1 and ITS4 molecular analysis, and the sequences were subsequently deposited in the NCBI database. In conclusion, the enzyme activity relevant to pathogenicity (CL, CAT and APX) in conjunction with the invivo pathogenicity assay might be utilised to differentiate between pathogenic (virulent) and non-pathogenic (avirulent) P. vexans isolates and develop suitable disease management strategies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Authors (R, NJ, HG, HP, PHG and SRN) declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of sublingual piroxicam as a preemptive analgesic agent in patients undergoing single implant surgery., Materials and Methods: This was a prospective triple-blind placebo-controlled trial that involved 40 patients presented for the placement of a single endosteal implant in the posterior maxillary arch. Patients were randomly allocated to one of the following groups. Group I (study) who received sublingual piroxicam 40 mg 1 hour prior to the surgical procedure and group II (control) received placebo 1 hour before the surgery, both the groups received sublingual piroxicam 20 mg tablet twice a day on the first and the second postoperative day and once a day on the postoperative day 3. Visual analog scores for measuring pain intensity were assessed at postoperative 1 hour, 6 hours, days 1, 3, and 5. Facial swelling was measured and evaluated during the first, third, and fifth postoperative days using the digital vernier caliper. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to make between-group comparisons. The Wilcoxon-signed rank test was used to make within-group comparisons., Results: At all-time intervals, both mean pain and mean swelling scores were higher in controls as compared with those of cases. The difference between the two groups was also statistically significant at all-time intervals for both parameters except for pain at 1 hour., Conclusion: Our findings suggest that preoperative sublingual piroxicam is more effective for controlling postoperative pain and swelling after surgical implant placement than only postoperative administration.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) and its risk factors in children of West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh., Study Design: A sample of 1,897 children between 24 and 71 months of age based on stratified cluster random sampling were clinically examined for dental caries using mouth mirror under day light. The parents/caregivers of each child were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using independent sample Student's t-test and chi-square test., Results: Out of the total 1,897 children, 796 were affected with ECC showing an overall prevalence of 41.9%, with boys showing a higher prevalence rate of 44.8% compared to girls (39.9%). Statistically significant correlations were found between ECC and consumption of sugary snacks (p < 0.0001) and mouth rinsing habit (p < 0.001)., Conclusion: A higher prevalence of ECC was observed and most of the teeth were not restored., How to Cite This Article: Koya S, Ravichandra KS, Arunkumar VA, Sahana S, Pushpalatha HM. Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries in Children of West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, South India: An Epidemiological Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(3):251-255., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None

In present study two formulations of Koflet (syrup and lozenges) were evaluated against pyridine-induced pharyngitis in rats. Topical application of 10% pyridine showed extravasation of Evans blue stain as a characteristic feature of on-going inflammation. In addition, the levels of TNF-α ( p < 0.01) and IL-6 ( p < 0.01) were significantly increased compared to control. Further, histopathology of the pharyngeal tissue showed submucosal gland hypertrophy, severe mucosal inflammation characterized by presence of mononuclear cells and neutrophils along with haemorrhages and congestion; however, saline applied animals (normal control) showed normal cytoarchitecture of the pharynx. Interestingly, pre-treatment with dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, p.o.), Koflet lozenges (KL) (500 and 1000 mg/kg, p.o.) and Koflet syrup (KS) (2 and 4 ml/kg, p.o.) for 7 days showed significant and dose dependent protection by decreasing the EB dye extravasation, and serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6. In addition, histopathological findings have further supported the protective effect of Koflet formulations. These findings suggest that, both Koflet syrup and Koflet lozenges are highly effective in treating non-infectious type of pharyngitis. Among the two formulations KS was found to be more potent than KL, and possible mechanism of action thought to be mediating through inhibition of TNF-α and/or phospholipids-arachidonic acid pathway.