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目的 基于多中心数据，分析成人噬血细胞综合征（HLH）预后的影响因素。 方法 收集2014年3月至2020年7月淮海淋巴瘤协作组8个医疗中心确诊的124例成人HLH患者的临床资料。基于Maxstat算法、X-Tile软件和限制立方样条获取连续变量的最佳截断值。采用Cox比例风险回归模型构建成人HLH风险预测模型并通过列线图实现模型的可视化，采用Bootstrap重抽样的方法进行验证，使用一致性指数（C-index）和校正曲线验证列线图，检查预测精度。采用Kaplan-Meier法分析计算生存率并绘制生存曲线，组间比较使用Log-rank检验。 结果 124例患者的中位年龄为55（18～84）岁，男性61例（49.19％）。最常见的病因是感染，血清铁蛋白增高者110例（88.71％），肝脾肿大者57例（45.97％）。124例患者中77例（62.10％）死亡，患者的中位生存期为7.07个月，单因素分析结果表明成人HLH的预后受性别、年龄、纤维蛋白原、血肌酐、ALT和白蛋白的影响（P

To clarify the biological function of miRNA-128-3p in influencing the progression of osteoporosis by inducing osteogenic differentiation of MSCs via activating the Wnt3a signaling.Dynamic expression levels of miRNA-128-3p in osteogenically differentiated MSCs at the different time points were detected by qRT-PCR. The binding sites in the seed sequence of miRNA-128-3p and Wnt3a were predicted using the bioinformatic tool, and their interaction was further confirmed by Dual-Luciferase reporter assay. Co-regulation of miRNA-128-3p and Wnt3a on relative levels of osteogenesis-associated genes, ALP activity and mineralization ability in glucocorticoid-induced MSCs were assessed.MiRNA-128-3p was gradually upregulated with the prolongation of osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Overexpression of miRNA-128-3p reversed the declines in glucocorticoid-induced expression levels of osteogenesis-associated genes (Bglap, RUNX2 and BMP-2), ALP activity and mineralization ability in MSCs. Wnt3a was able to bind miRNA-128-3p. Its level was positively regulated by miRNA-128-3p in MSCs. Enhanced ALP activity and mineralization ability in glucocorticoid-induced MSCs overexpressing Wnt3a were partially abolished by knockdown of miRNA-128-3p.By positively regulating Wnt3a, miRNA-128-3p alleviates the progression of osteoporosis through inducing osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.

To explore the association between c-myc and K-ras gene polymorphisms and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).A total of 200 NHL patients in our hospital in the past 3 years were collected as disease group, while 200 healthy people were taken as control group. The genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the peripheral blood was extracted in both groups, amplified via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sent to the company for the detection of c-myc and K-ras gene polymorphisms. The expressions of c-myc and K-ras were detected via Reverse Transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and the levels of clinical indexes hemoglobin (Hb), platelet (PLT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined in the Laboratory Department.The allele distribution at c-myc gene locus rs121918684 was different between control group and disease group (p=0.000), and the G allele frequency was 202 (0.505) in the control group and 263 (0.657) in the disease group. In the disease group, the GG genotype frequency at c-myc gene locus rs121918684 [97 (0.485)], the CC genotype frequency at rs775522201 [98 (0.490)], and the GA genotype frequency at K-ras gene locus rs1137188 [127 (0.635)] were all significantly higher than those in the control group (p=0.000, p=0.002, p=0.011). In the disease group, the frequency of recessive model GC+CC (p=0.003), heterozygous model GC (p=0.035), and homozygous model CC (p=0.037) at c-myc gene locus rs121918684 was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the frequency of recessive model CT+TT (p=0.046) at c-myc gene locus rs775522201 was also markedly lower than that in the control group. The haplotype frequency of c-myc CC (p=0.000), GC (p=0.000), and GT (p=0.018) in the disease group was different from that in the control group. Moreover, the CT genotype at c-myc gene locus rs775522201 was remarkably correlated with the c-myc gene expression, and the gene expression was markedly increased in the disease group. The TT genotype at K-ras gene locus rs12245 was correlated with the K-ras gene expression, and the gene expression was notably increased in the disease group. There was an association between GG genotype at c-myc gene locus rs121918684 and LDH level (p=0.000), between CT genotype at c-myc gene locus rs775522201 and PLT level (p=0.002), and between AA genotype at K-ras gene locus rs1137188 and Hb level (p=0.003).The c-myc and K-ras gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to NHL, gene expression and levels of Hb, PLT, and LDH.

To explore the relationship between micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-375 in regulating the N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (Ndrg2)/interleukin-6 (IL-6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in rats.Thirty Sprague- Dawley rats were randomly divided into Control group (n=10), Model group (n=10), and miR-375 inhibitor group [miR-375 small interfering RNA (siRNA) group, n=10]. The rats in Model group were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) via the tail vein to prepare into rat models of diabetes. The body weight, fasting blood glucose, and retinal barrier permeability of rats in each group were detected. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in rat serum were measured using kits. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed to determine the apoptosis of optic ganglion cells in rat retinal tissues. Additionally, the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of Ndrg2, IL-6 and STAT3 in rat retinal tissues were detected via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively.Compared with Control group, Model group had reduced body weight of rats, increased blood glucose and retinal permeability of rats, raised serum MDA content, decreased SOD activity, up-regulated apoptotic rate of optic ganglia, and notably elevated mRNA and protein levels of Ndrg2, IL-6 and STAT3 in retinal tissues. Compared with those in Model group, the body weight of rats declined, the blood glucose of rats rose, the retinal permeability of rats was decreased significantly, the serum MDA content was reduced, the SOD activity was raised, the apoptotic rate of optic ganglia was decreased, and the mRNA and protein levels of Ndrg2, IL-6 and STAT3 in retinal tissues were also decreased significantly in miR-375 siRNA group.MiR-375 inhibitors are able to reduce blood glucose, retinal permeability, and optic ganglion apoptosis in rats with DR, and the mechanism of action may be related to the regulation on the Ndrg2/IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway.

To explore the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the expression of Jagged1 in the rabbit tibial fracture healing, and its function and mechanism in this process via the Notch signaling pathway.A total of 60 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into control group (n=30) and experimental group (n=30). Then, a rabbit tibial fracture model was established. After surgery, the rabbits in experimental group were given 10 μg/kg PTH (1-34) once a day for 5 days a week, while those in control group were given an equal volume of normal saline. Six rabbits were randomly selected from each group at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks after surgery to collect right tibia specimens. Next, X-ray examination, bone mineral density (BMD) test, histological detection, and serum biochemical test were performed. Additionally, the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of Notch1 and Jagged1 in the Notch signaling pathway were measured via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Their protein levels were detected through Western blotting analysis.The healing and BMD in experimental group were better than those in control group since cortical and medullary bridging was observed in the rabbits of experimental group at the 6th week after surgery. Plasma level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), P content, and the product of Ca and P significantly increased (p0.05) in experimental group. The pathological morphology of the calluses stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) in experimental group was overtly superior to that in control group. The PCR results revealed that both mRNA and protein levels of Notch1 and Jagged1 were lower in control group than those in experimental group (p0.05).PTH (1-34) promotes the rabbit tibial fracture healing by regulating Jagged1 ligand molecules in the Notch signaling pathway.

This study aimed to explore the role of miR-155-5p in middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model in rats and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, this study also aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms to expect that miR-155-5p may be investigated as a new and effective diagnostic and therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.The in vivo MCAO/R rat model and in vitro OGD/R cell model were established. The miR-155-5p mRNA expression was detected by quantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Dual specificity ATPase (DUSP) 14 was predicted to be a potential target of miR-155-5p by TargetScan. The targeting relationship was confirmed by Luciferase assay. The cell viability was determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The expression level of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were detected by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of DUSP14, the apoptotic protein Cleaved cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase)-3, and Cleaved PARP, as well as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and MAPKs signaling pathways related proteins.MiR-155-5p was upregulated in both MCAO/R rats and OGD/R-induced SH-SY5Y cells. MiR-155-5p knockdown inhibited OGD/R-induced cell injury and inflammation, as well as MCAO/R-induced brain injury. MiR-155-5p regulated the NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways by targeting DUSP14. DUSP14 knockdown partially reversed the protective effect of miR-155-5p knockdown on OGD/R-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury and inflammation.MiR-155-5p accelerates cerebral I/R injury via targeting DUSP14 by regulating NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. Inhibition of miR-155-5p significantly reduces apoptosis and brain injury. These results indicated that miR-155-5p plays a key role in cerebral I/R injury and has the potential to be explored as a new target for ischemic stroke.

Temperature dependence of molecular absorption line shape is important information for spectroscopic studies and applications. In this work, we report a comb-locked cavity ring-down spectrometer employing a cryogenic cooler to perform absorption spectroscopy measurements at temperatures between 40 K and 300 K. As a demonstration, we recorded the spectrum of the R(0) line in the (2-0) band of HD at 46 K. The temperature was also confirmed by the Doppler width of the HD line. Spectra of CH4 near 1.394 μm were also recorded in a wide temperature range of 70−300 K. Lower-state energies of methane lines were analyzed by fitting these spectra, which can be directly compared with the HITRAN and TheoReTS databases. Considerable deviations were observed, indicating the need to investigate the assignments of the methane lines in this region.

In this study, we describe how to obtain high-quality Al 2 O 3 dielectric thin films and their implementation in In 2 O 3 thin film transistors by combining plasma treatment and combustion process at low temperatures (250 °C). The single layer Al 2 O 3 dielectric formed by this technique exhibited a higher areal capacitance and a lower leakage level compared with those of conventional solution-processed Al 2 O 3 . The resulting TFTs presented a superior electrical performance at a low operating voltage of 2 V, with a positive threshold voltage of 0.39 V, a subthreshold swing of 0.V/decade, an On/Off ratio of 1.8×104, and a superior mobility of 136 cm2 V−1 s−1.

Background. Lung cancer is the leading cause of malignancy related mortality in the United States. Accurate staging of NSCLC influences therapeutic decisions. Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) and endobronchial ultrasound-guided TBNA (EBUS-TBNA) has been accepted as a procedure for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and adequacy of TBNA and EBUS-TBNA for sampling of mediastinal adenopathy using the Wang’s eleven lymph node map stations. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed 99 consecutive cases diagnosed with malignancy by EBUS-TBNA and a series 74 patients evaluated for mediastinal adenopathy or a pulmonary lesion using conventional transbronchial needle aspiration. The IASLC lymph node map was correlated with Wang’s map. Results. A total of 182 lymph node stations were sampled using EBUS-TBNA. 96 were positive for nodal metastasis. A total of four cases of samples taken from station 2R showed malignant cells. From the 74 cases series using cTBNA 167 nodes were sampled in 222 passes. Lymphoid or malignant tissue was obtained in 67 (91.8%) cases; 55.1% of the nodes were 1 cm or less. Conclusions. The use of the eleven stations described in Wang’s map to guide TBNA of the mediastinal nodes allows sampling of radiologically considered nonpathological nodes. These data suggest that Wang’s map covers the most frequent IASLC nodal stations compromised with metastasis.

Thrombospondin 2 (THBS2) expression and its prognostic value have been documented in several types of cancer. Nevertheless, the potential role and clinical significance of THBS2 in uveal melanoma (UM) have never been reported. Thus, in our study, we aimed to explore the clinical significance and prognostic impact of THBS2 in UM.Survival and prognosis analyses were implemented using the Kaplan-Meier method and COX's proportional hazards model based on the clinical data retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Colony formation, cell proliferation, invasion and migration assays in M23 cell line were performed to evaluate the effects of THBS2 on UM in vitro. To further reveal whether the dysregulated THBS2 expression regulates the UM metastasis, protein biomarkers including serine-threonine kinase (AKT), p-AKT, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), p-PI3K, and p70S6K were measured using Western blotting analysis.THBS2 was up-regulated in metastatic UMs. Relationship of THBS2 expression level with the clinicopathological factors demonstrated that the expression level of THBS2 was significantly correlated to histological type, recurrence, and dead. Univariate as well as multivariate COX analyses demonstrated that THBS2 could serve as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival of UM. The knockdown of THBS2 significantly inhibited the proliferation rate of M23 cells, suppressed the colony numbers of M23 cells, lowered the invasive and migratory cell proportion. Importantly, Western blotting results implicated that THBS2 knockdown significantly decreased the expression level of p-AKT, p-PI3K, and p70S6K in M23 cell line.This is the first study to report that THBS2 may play important roles in UM progression and might be a novel prognosis biomarker for UM.

Paddy soils support important croplands in many parts of the world, especially in Asia. A thorough understanding of nitrogen (N) in Chinese paddy soils would be helpful to comprehend N cycling on farms from a national perspective. The N storage and density of paddy soils in China were evaluated employing 1490 soil profiles and a map of Chinese soils at a scale of 1:1 000 000. Results showed that the mean N density of paddy soils at 0–100 cm was 1240.0 g/m3, with N storage of 569.0 Tg. Paddy soil N density varies with different soil-water regime. In fact, waterlogged conditions can enhance paddy soil N content. Different rotation systems and various fallow systems also can affect paddy soil N density. There are significant relationships of N between both SOC and sand content. But the sensitivity of paddy soil N to climate was weak because of human activity. While this GIS-based analysis is a relatively coarse evaluation of the database, it does provide the first quantitative assessment of paddy soils N storage across China using commonly available digital databases.

The aim of this study was to investigate the serum aldosterone level and abnormal levels of mineral corticoid in patients with the central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).All recruited patients with CSC received fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and serum aldosterone assay. The patients were classified into spontaneously resolved group and unresolved group according to a 3-months follow-up of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) examination. Patients from unresolved group were recruited to receive treatment with 40 mg spironolactone orally for 2 months. After the treatment, the EDI-OCT and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were performed again to assess the treatment efficacy.The study included 61 patients (72 eyes) with 34 patients in the unresolved group and 27 patients in the resolved group. The aldosterone level was significantly associated with the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) of revolved CSC eyes (r=0.342, p0.05) as well as the SFCT of unresolved CSC eyes (r=0.348, p0.05). And the aldosterone level in the unresolved CSC group was greater than that in the spontaneously resolved group (161.8 ± 50.1 ng/dl vs. 122.5 ± 50.5 ng/dl, p0.05). The central macular thickness and SFCT were decreased significantly (p0.05) after the treatment with 40 mg/d spironolactone for two months.The unresolved CSC patients were characterized by high level of aldosterone and thickened SFCT. Spironolactone treatment was associated with the improvement of chronic CSC. Besides, the side effect of spironolactone treatment was rare.

In order to study the effective prevention measures to improve the regulation effect of the anti-deflecting measure in Bei 301 operation area and prolong the pump cycle of the oil well. The calculation of the historical data of the eccentric wear well and the analysis of eccentric wear prevention effect show that eccentric wear condition in Bei 301 operation area of hailaer oilfield is relatively serious and the operating wells’ ratio of rod breakage and tube leakage increases year by year due to eccentric wear [1,2]. In 2014, the proportion of rod breakage and tube leakage in the operating wells of the operation area was 19.4% and 45.2% respectively, and the average pump inspection cycle was around 400 days. The reasons for the serious wear of the rod pipe in Bei 301 operation area are the improper production parameters, the submergence depth, high water content and well fluid properties according to the detailed data analysis of the pump operation. Active eccentric wear prevention measures have some effect, and next research direction for preventing eccentric wear is put forward in this paper: the paraffin-removing technology, bi-directional protected box coupling and low friction pump combined with the problems faced by the operating area.

The degradation of various kinds of synthetic dyestuffs, such as dyestuff, textiles, leather, paper and plastics, stimulated a particular research interest in recent years. Nickel hydroxide and nickel oxide compounds stimulated a large interest in industrial and technical applications, for example as the active materials in electrochemical cycling and as a photocatalyst to remove organic dyes. In this paper, the mainly research is focused on the preparation process and removal properties of azo dye pollutants from aqueous solutions using Ni(OH)2 nanosheets or NiO nanosheets. The proposed research investigates the Ni(OH)2 nanosheets or NiO nanosheets that are important in understanding the structure, morphology and the photocatalytic performances. Ni(OH)2 nanosheets were synthesised by a simple chemical precipitation method using nickel chloride as precursors and ammonia as precipitating agent. The obtained Ni(OH)2 nanosheets can be successfully converted to NiO nanosheets via calcination under app...

We aimed to study the effect of fentanyl (Fen) preconditioning on cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. A total of 120 Sprague Dawley male rats (age: 3 months) were randomly divided into: sham operation group (S group), I/R group, normal saline I/R group (NS group), and fentanyl low, middle, and high dose groups (Fen1: 2 μg/kg; Fen2: 4 μg/kg; Fen3: 6 μg/kg). Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), ±dp/dtmax, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, creatine phosphokinase-MB (CK-MB), and cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) were measured. Myocardial ischemic (MI) area, total apoptotic myocardial cells, and protein and mRNA expressions of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bax were detected. HR and MAP were higher, while LVDP and ±dp/dtmax were close to the base value in the Fen groups compared to those in the I/R group. Decreased MDA concentration and CK-MB value and increased SOD activity were found in the Fen groups compared to the I/R group, while cTnI concentration was significantly lower in the Fen1 and Fen2 groups (all P

To evaluate the effectiveness of bupropion for smoking cessation among Chinese smokers at a smoking cessation clinic.A prospective observational study was conducted in a hospital located in Beijing during 2008 and from 28 to 31 October 2014. A total of 287 smokers (265 men and 22 women) were assessed using data from structured questionnaires at baseline and were followed up at 1 and 6 months. Trained physician counselors provided free brief education and individual counseling sessions for all participants at the first visit. A total 131 participants were prescribed bupropion in addition to counseling. The counseling plus bupropion group was compared with the group who underwent counseling without bupropion. Outcomes were self-reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence rates at 1- and 6-month follow-up and continuous abstinence rates at 6-month follow-up. Smoking reduction rates at 1 and 6 months were also measured.By intention-to-treat analysis, the 7-day point prevalence abstinence rate of the bupropion group at 1 and 6 months was higher than for the counseling-only group: at 1-month follow-up, 26.0% (34/131) vs. 15.4% (24/156), with OR (95% CI) 1.93(1.07-3.46); these rates at 6-month follow-up were 27.8% (35/131) vs. 15.4% (24/156), with OR (95% CI) 2.01(1.12-3.59). The 1-month continuous abstinence rate at 6 months was higher in the bupropion group: 26.0% (34/131) vs. 14.7% (23/156), with OR (95%CI) 2.03(1.12-3.66). Participants in the bupropion group also had a higher smoking reduction rate at 1 month than those in the counseling-only group: 55.0% (72/131) vs. 38.5% (60/156), with OR (95%CI) 1.95 (1.22-3.13).Prescription of bupropion at this smoking cessation clinic was effective in doubling the quitting rates and smoking reduction rates among Chinese smokers.

The state of the land surface and the water cycle over the South and East Asia can be determined by space observation. New or significantly improved algorithms have been developed and evaluated against ground measurements. Variables retrieved include land surface properties, i.e. NDVI, LAI, FPAR, albedo, soil moisture, glacier and lake levels. Based on these biophysical parameters derived from microwave and optical remote sensing observations, a hybrid remotely sensed evapotranspiration (ET) estimation model named ETMonitor was developed and applied to estimate the daily actual ET of the Southeast Asia at a spatial resolution of 1 km. The changes in glaciers and lakes on the Tibetan Plateau, and the drainage links between glaciers and lakes are determined in this climate-sensitive region.

Evapotranspiration (ET) plays an important role in surface-atmosphere interactions. Remote sensing has long been identified as a technology that is capable of monitoring ET. However, spatial problems greatly affect the accuracy of ET retrievals by satellite. The objective of this paper is to reduce the spatial-scale uncertainty produced by surface heterogeneity using Chinese HJ-1B data. Two upscaling schemes with area-weighting aggregation for different steps and variables were applied. One scheme is input parameter upscaling (IPUS), which refers to parameter aggregation, and the other is temperature sharpening and flux aggregation (TSFA). Footprint validation results show that TSFA is more accurate and less uncertain than IPUS, and additional analysis shows that TSFA can capture land surface heterogeneities and integrate the effect of overlooked land types in the mixed pixel.

Summary Purpose To evaluate the feasibility and reliability of free vascularized fibular graft with skin island flap for reconstruction of large diaphyseal bone defect. Method The clinical results of vascularized fibular graft and experiences related to the importance and reliability of a monitoring island flap for the reconstruction of various long-bone defects were reviewed in 87 patients. Results Bony reconstruction was achieved in 82 of the 87 patients. Arterial thrombosis of anastomosed vessel in two patients and venous congestion of monitoring flap in nine patients occurred in the early postoperative periods. All of them were managed by immediate thrombectomy and reanastomosis, alternatively the thrombotic veins were replaced by new veins to anastomose with the superficial veins in five patients. Partial flap necrosis was noted in six patients, but additional surgical intervention was not required. The vascularized fibula survived and bony fusion was achieved in all patients. Postoperative stress fractures of the fibula graft occurred in 19 (21.8%) patients (once in seven patients, twice in five patients, three or more times in seven) as the mechanical stress to the graft increased. Included fracture on the tibia in 12 patients, humerus in one and femur in six. Treatments included casting in 11 patients, percutaneous pinning in one case, and adjustment of external fixator in seven patients. Bony union was finally achieved an average of 9.6 months after fracture. Conclusions Correct alignment between the recipient bone and the external fixator is a prerequisite to preventing graft fracture. Vascularized fibula transfer is a valuable procedure for long-bone defects, and a skin island-monitoring flap is a simple, extremely useful, and reliable method for assessing the vascular status of vascularized fibula. Level of evidence Level IV. Retrospective study.

This study evaluated the immune response elicited by a Ub-fused Ag85A DNA vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BALB/c mice were vaccinated with plasmid DNA encoding Ag85A protein, Ub-fused Ag85A DNA vaccine (UbGR-Ag85A) and negative DNA vaccines, respectively. Ag85A DNA vaccine immunization induced a Thl-polarized immune response. The production of Thl-type cytokine (IFN-γ) and proliferative T cell responses was enhanced significantly in mice immunized with UbGR-Ag85A fusion DNA vaccine, compared with non-fusion DNA vaccine. Moreover, this fusion DNA vaccine also resulted in an increased relative ratio of IgG2a to IgGl and the cytotoxicity of T cells. IFN-γ intracellular staining of splenocytes indicated that UbGR-Ag85A fusion DNA vaccine activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, particularly CD8+ T cells. Thus, this study demonstrated that the UbGR-Ag85A fusion DNA vaccine inoculation could improve antigen-specific cellular immune responses, which is helpful for protection against TB infection.

A combined interior point homotopy continuation method is proposed for solving general multiobjective programming problem. We prove the existence and convergence of a smooth homotopy path from almost any interior initial interior point to a solution of the KKT system under some basic assumptions.

For a charge-monopole pair, though the definition of the orbital angular momentum is different from the usual one, and the transverse part of the momentum that includes the vector potential as an additive term turns out to be the so-called geometric momentum that is under intensive study recently. For the charge is constrained on the spherical surface with monopole at the origin, the commutation relations between all components of geometric momentum and the orbital angular momentum satisfy the $so(3,1)$ algebra. With construction of the geometrically infinitesimal displacement operator based on the geometric momentum, the $so(3,1)$ algebra implies the Aharonov-Bohm phase shift. The related problems such as charge and flux quantization are also addressed., Comment: 6 pages, no figure. main body sectioned, typos corrected