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Experiments of a steel sphere oblique impact with a rubber cushion have been proceeded to research the variation laws of the specific energy at interface. The contact surfaces above and under the rubber cushion can be recorded with a thin carbon paper. The parameters of deformation volume and specific energy are analyzed by the developed formulas in different cases of the impact angle, cushion thickness, drop height and sphere diameter. It is found that the deformation volume and related geometrical sizes decrease approximately exponentially with the impact angle, and the volume of the tangential moving part reaches a maximum at 50° or 60°. The variation laws of the specific energy absorption/dissipation in normal are similar to that of the axis length. The tangential specific energy can be divided into three main phases, the first two appear the states of slow increase and plateau, between of them a fluctuating peak exists at 30–40°. In final phase, the energy absorption shows sharp increase, but the energy dissipation first increases and then decreases. In addition, they increase linearly with the drop height and sphere diameter, and an optimum cushion thickness of 4 or 5 mm in the given cases.

Insufficient BARC remaining after TiN etch can result in the CD and profile shift and residue defect issue in MHM open process. In this work, CH 4 deposition is utilized to gain BARC remaining and two approaches for the insertion of polymer deposition were systematically investigated both by simulation and experiment. It is shown that deposition step inserted before BARC etch is more effective for improving the BARC remaining thickness and profile after MHM open. “Visibility deposition” model of the SEMulator3D® semiconductor modeling is utilized to well explain the different behavior of these two approaches and reveal that the high AR and vertical profile of the patterns result in the selective polymer deposition, thus contribute to the BARC remaining improvement. In addition, the process tuning window is also explored for TiN CD and profile control.

With the exploration and development of the practical technology for prevention and control of harmful algae blooms (HABs), cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) blooms have been an urgent problem in the area of water resources protection. Allelopathic algicides are regarded as potential natural resources to constrain HABs for their exclusive and efficient characteristics. Previously, the allelopathic effect of rice has received great attention, but most of them are focused on herbicides to inhibit barnyard grass. In the present study, the effect of algal cells treatment with different concentrations of the rice straw aqueous extract were tested. A continuous culture system was established and the results suggested that the doses of rice straw aqueous extract in the range from 4.0 to 10.0 g L−1 observably suppressed the growth of algae cells in a concentration-dependent way. After 9 days of treatment, the algae cells' metabolic activity decayed and the largest inhibition rate could be up to 98%, almost no algae growth was observed. In the case of eliminate the interference of nutrient elements, these results confirmed that rice straw aqueous extract may act as an algistatic agent.

Spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) originating from sewage sludge is highlighted as an eminent health threat. This study established a thermophilic anaerobic digester using one-step startup strategy to quickly remove tetracycline and sulfonamides resistance genes from sewage sludge. At least 20days were saved in the startup period from mesophilic to thermophilic condition. Based on the results of 16S rDNA amplicons sequencing and predicted metagenomic method, the successful startup largely relied on the fast colonization of core thermophilic microbial population (e.g. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria). Microbial metabolic gene pathways for substrate degradation and methane production was also increased by one-step mode. In addition, real-time quantitative PCR approach revealed that most targeted tetracycline and sulfonamides resistance genes ARGs (sulI, tetA, tetO, tetX) were substantially removed during thermophilic digestion (removal efficiency>80%). Network analysis showed that the elimination of ARGs was attributed to the decline of their horizontal (intI1 item) and vertical (potential hosts) transfer-related elements under high-temperature. This research demonstrated that rapid startup thermophilic anaerobic digestion of wastewater solids would be a suitable technology for reducing quantities of various ARGs.

Continuous stirred-tank digesters with tetracyclines and sulfonamides were operated to investigate the impacts of antibiotic pressure on sludge anaerobic digestion. The versatile methanogen Methanosarcinales and strictly hydrogenotrophic methanogen Methanobacteriales increased and decreased by 21.1% and 10.9% under antibiotic pressure, respectively. KEGG analysis revealed that hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic methanogenesis pathways were all affected. The decrease in abundance of function genes involved in lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and fatty acid degradation, would lead to a reduction in methane production by 25%. Network analysis indicated positive associations among tetracycline residuals, abundance of resistance genes (ARGs), and specific member of potential hosts. Over 1000 ARG subtypes were widely detected in sludge, including macrolide (28%), tetracycline (24%), fluoroquinolone (20%), and peptide (20%) resistance genes. AD process exposed to long-term antibiotic would increase the diversity and abundance of ARG, enhance the association of ARG with specific microbes, and select bacteria able to perform chemotaxis mechanism.

A series of novel thio-triazole derivatives including thiols, thioethers and thiones as well as some corresponding triazolium compounds were conveniently and efficiently synthesized from commercially available halobenzyl halides and thiosemicarbazide. All the new compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, MS and HRMS spectra. Their antibacterial and antifungal activities in vitro were evaluated against four Gram-positive bacteria, four Gram-negative bacteria and two fungi by two-fold serial dilution technique. The preliminary bioassay indicated that some prepared triazoles exhibited effective antibacterial and antifungal activities. Especially, 3,4-dichlorobenzyl triazole-thione and its triazolium derivatives displayed the most potent activities against all the tested strains.

In this paper, based on the procedure of the carbide production, the strategy of a compound Intelligent control is represented for the electrode positioning control of CEAF. This system takes the error and the change of the error of the electrode current or energy as the input variables and switches different control method at different condition so as to makes an energy or current balance among the three-phase electrodes. A variable-universe fuzzy logic control method and BP neural network control method are not only presented here as a fundamental work but its step-response is compared with other conventional controllers as well. At last, the simulation results has shown improving performance

In the title compound, C16H16BrN, the bromobutyl group lies on one side of the carbazole ring plane and has a zigzag shape. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 0.55°. In the crystal, molecules are connected by van der Waals interactions.