Author: "Qaisar R" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

138 results on '"Qaisar R"'

1. Circulating Biomarkers of Handgrip Strength and Lung Function in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Author: Qaisar R, Karim A, and Muhammad T
Subjects: club cell protein 16, α-1 acid glycoprotein, total sialic acid, eq-5d, hdl-c, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract: Rizwan Qaisar,1 Asima Karim,1,2 Tahir Muhammad3 1Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; 2University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan; 3Department of Biochemistry, Gomal Medical College, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, PakistanCorrespondence: Rizwan QaisarDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesTel +971 6 505 7254Email rqaisar@sharjah.ac.aePurpose: COPD is a multisystem disease and there is a need for clinical serum markers that can assess the decline in lung and muscle function in COPD. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential association of serum club-cell protein 16 (CC16), α-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) and total sialic acid (TSA) with spirometry, hand-grip strength and quality of life to assess important disease outcomes.Methods: This is a population-based cross-sectional study and data were collected from the patients at teaching hospitals of Gomal University and the University of Health Sciences in Pakistan. The study population included 1582 participants (Non-COPD; N = 788, COPD; N = 845) > 55 years of age from both sexes, with data from structural interviews, clinical examinations, laboratory investigations, spirometry and hand-grip strength measurements.Results: Serum TSA and CC16 were significant predictors of FEV1% (p < 0.05) and hand-grip strength in advanced stages of COPD (p < 0.05 each) in both sexes. Men had higher absolute and adjusted hand-grip strength than women in all groups (p < 0.05). Hand-grip strength was significantly associated with FEV1% in both genders (p < 0.05) with stronger effect in women (r2 = 0.075). Serum HDL-C was an independent predictor of hand-grip strength and FEV1% (p < 0.05) in both genders. Participants with extreme problem on EQ-5D parameters had more severe COPD and reduced hand-grip strength (all p values < 0.05).Conclusion: Taken together, these studies show that the serum expressions of TSA and CC16 have correlations with spirometry and muscle decline in COPD. Further studies should be conducted to establish their efficacy in monitoring disease progression in COPD.Keywords: club cell protein 16, α-1 acid glycoprotein, total sialic acid, EQ-5D, HDL-C
Published: 2020

2. Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Schumacher, A, Kyu, H, Aali, A, Abbafati, C, Abbas, J, Abbasgholizadeh, R, Abbasi, M, Abbasian, M, Abd ElHafeez, S, Abdelmasseh, M, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdelwahab, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdoun, M, Abdullahi, A, Abdurehman, A, Abebe, M, Abedi, A, Abegaz, T, Abeldaño Zuñiga, R, Abhilash, E, Abiodun, O, Aboagye, R, Abolhassani, H, Abouzid, M, Abreu, L, Abrha, W, Abrigo, M, Abtahi, D, Abu Rumeileh, S, Abu-Rmeileh, N, Aburuz, S, Abu-Zaid, A, Acuna, J, Adair, T, Addo, I, Adebayo, O, Adegboye, O, Adekanmbi, V, Aden, B, Adepoju, A, Adetunji, C, Adeyeoluwa, T, Adeyomoye, O, Adha, R, Adibi, A, Adikusuma, W, Adnani, Q, Adra, S, Afework, A, Afolabi, A, Afraz, A, Afyouni, S, Afzal, S, Agasthi, P, Aghamiri, S, Agodi, A, Agyemang-Duah, W, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, D, Ahmad, F, Ahmad, M, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadzade, A, Ahmadzade, M, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, L, Ahmed, M, Ahmed, S, Ajami, M, Aji, B, Ajumobi, O, Akalu, G, Akara, E, Akinosoglou, K, Akkala, S, Akyirem, S, Al Hamad, H, Al Hasan, S, Al Homsi, A, Al Qadire, M, Ala, M, Aladelusi, T, AL-Ahdal, T, Alalalmeh, S, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, M, Alam, Z, Al-amer, R, Alanezi, F, Alanzi, T, Albashtawy, M, Albataineh, M, Aldridge, R, Alemi, S, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Gheethi, A, Alhabib, K, Alhalaiqa, F, Al-Hanawi, M, Ali, A, Ali, B, Ali, H, Ali, M, Ali, R, Ali, S, Ali, Z, Alian Samakkhah, S, Alicandro, G, Alif, S, Aligol, M, Alimi, R, Aliyi, A, Al-Jumaily, A, Aljunid, S, Almahmeed, W, Al-Marwani, S, Al-Maweri, S, Almazan, J, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Almidani, O, Alomari, M, Alonso, N, Alqahtani, J, Alqutaibi, A, Al-Sabah, S, Altaf, A, Al-Tawfiq, J, Altirkawi, K, Alvi, F, Alwafi, H, Al-Worafi, Y, Aly, H, Alzoubi, K, Amare, A, Ameyaw, E, Amhare, A, Amin, T, Amindarolzarbi, A, Aminian Dehkordi, J, Amiri, S, Amu, H, Amugsi, D, Amzat, J, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrade, P, Andrei, C, Andrei, T, Angappan, D, Anil, A, Anjum, A, Antony, C, Antriyandarti, E, Anuoluwa, I, Anwar, S, Anyasodor, A, Appiah, S, Aqeel, M, Arabloo, J, Arabzadeh Bahri, R, Arab-Zozani, M, Arafat, M, Araújo, A, Aravkin, A, Aremu, A, Ariffin, H, Aripov, T, Armocida, B, Arooj, M, Artamonov, A, Artanti, K, Arulappan, J, Aruleba, I, Aruleba, R, Arumugam, A, Asaad, M, Asgary, S, Ashemo, M, Ashraf, M, Asika, M, Athari, S, Atout, M, Atreya, A, Attia, S, Aujayeb, A, Avan, A, Awotidebe, A, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayanore, M, Ayele, G, Ayuso-Mateos, J, Ayyoubzadeh, S, Azadnajafabad, S, Azhar, G, Aziz, S, Azzam, A, Babashahi, M, Babu, A, Badar, M, Badawi, A, Badiye, A, Baghdadi, S, Bagheri, N, Bagherieh, S, Bah, S, Bahadorikhalili, S, Bai, J, Bai, R, Baker, J, Bakkannavar, S, Bako, A, Balakrishnan, S, Balogun, S, Baltatu, O, Bam, K, Banach, M, Bandyopadhyay, S, Banik, B, Banik, P, Bansal, H, Barati, S, Barchitta, M, Bardhan, M, Barker-Collo, S, Barone-Adesi, F, Barqawi, H, Barr, R, Barrero, L, Basharat, Z, Bashir, A, Bashiru, H, Baskaran, P, Basnyat, B, Bassat, Q, Basso, J, Basu, S, Batra, K, Batra, R, Baune, B, Bayati, M, Bayileyegn, N, Beaney, T, Bedi, N, Begum, T, Behboudi, E, Behnoush, A, Beiranvand, M, Bejarano Ramirez, D, Belgaumi, U, Bell, M, Bello, A, Bello, M, Bello, O, Belo, L, Beloukas, A, Bendak, S, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Benzian, H, Berezvai, Z, Berman, A, Bermudez, A, Bettencourt, P, Beyene, H, Beyene, K, Bhagat, D, Bhagavathula, A, Bhala, N, Bhalla, A, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhargava, A, Bhaskar, S, Bhat, V, Bhatti, G, Bhatti, J, Bhatti, M, Bhatti, R, Bhutta, Z, Bikbov, B, Binmadi, N, Bintoro, B, Biondi, A, Bisignano, C, Bisulli, F, Biswas, A, Biswas, R, Bitaraf, S, Bjørge, T, Bleyer, A, Boampong, M, Bodolica, V, Bodunrin, A, Bolarinwa, O, Bonakdar Hashemi, M, Bonny, A, Bora, K, Bora Basara, B, Borodo, S, Borschmann, R, Botero Carvajal, A, Bouaoud, S, Boudalia, S, Boyko, E, Bragazzi, N, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Britton, G, Browne, A, Brunoni, A, Bulamu, N, Bulto, L, Buonsenso, D, Burkart, K, Burns, R, Burugina Nagaraja, S, Busse, R, Bustanji, Y, Butt, Z, Caetano dos Santos, F, Cai, T, Calina, D, Cámera, L, 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Tantawi, M, Elbarazi, I, Elemam, N, Elgar, F, Elgendy, I, Elgohary, G, Elhabashy, H, Elhadi, M, Elmeligy, O, Elshaer, M, Elsohaby, I, Emami Zeydi, A, Emamverdi, M, Emeto, T, Engelbert Bain, L, Erkhembayar, R, Eshetie, T, Eskandarieh, S, Espinosa-Montero, J, Estep, K, Etaee, F, Eze, U, Fabin, N, Fadaka, A, Fagbamigbe, A, Fahimi, S, Falzone, L, Farinha, C, Faris, M, Farjoud Kouhanjani, M, Faro, A, Farrokhpour, H, Fatehizadeh, A, Fattahi, H, Fauk, N, Fazeli, P, Feigin, V, Fekadu, G, Fereshtehnejad, S, Feroze, A, Ferrante, D, Ferrara, P, Ferreira, N, Fetensa, G, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flavel, J, Flaxman, A, Flor, L, Florin, B, Folayan, M, Foley, K, Fomenkov, A, Force, L, Fornari, C, Foroutan, B, Foschi, M, Francis, K, Franklin, R, Freitas, A, Friedman, J, Friedman, S, Fukumoto, T, Fuller, J, Gaal, P, Gadanya, M, Gaihre, S, Gaipov, A, Gakidou, E, Galali, Y, Galehdar, N, Gallus, S, Gan, Q, Gandhi, A, Ganesan, B, Garg, J, Gau, S, Gautam, P, Gautam, R, Gazzelloni, F, Gebregergis, M, Gebrehiwot, M, Gebremariam, T, Gerema, U, Getachew, M, Getachew, T, Gething, P, Ghafourifard, M, Ghahramani, S, Ghailan, K, Ghajar, A, Ghanbarnia, M, Ghasemi, M, Ghasemzadeh, A, Ghassemi, F, Ghazy, R, Ghimire, S, Gholamian, A, Gholamrezanezhad, A, Ghorbani Vajargah, P, Ghozali, G, Ghozy, S, Ghuge, A, Gialluisi, A, Gibson, R, Gil, A, Gill, P, Gill, T, Gillum, R, Ginindza, T, Girmay, A, Glasbey, J, Gnedovskaya, E, Göbölös, L, Goel, A, Goldust, M, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Golestanfar, A, Golinelli, D, Gona, P, Goudarzi, H, Goudarzian, A, Goyal, A, Greenhalgh, S, Grivna, M, Guarducci, G, Gubari, M, Gudeta, M, Guha, A, Guicciardi, S, Gunawardane, D, Gunturu, S, Guo, C, Gupta, A, Gupta, B, Gupta, I, Gupta, R, Gupta, S, Gupta, V, Gutiérrez, R, Habibzadeh, F, Habibzadeh, P, Hachinski, V, Haddadi, M, Haddadi, R, Haep, N, Hajj Ali, A, Halboub, E, Halim, S, Hall, B, Haller, S, Halwani, R, Hamadeh, R, Hamagharib Abdullah, K, Hamidi, S, Hamiduzzaman, M, Hammoud, A, Hanifi, N, Hankey, G, Hannan, M, Haque, M, Harapan, H, Haro, J, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, F, Hasan, I, Hasan, M, Hasani, H, Hasanian, M, Hasanpour- Dehkordi, A, Hassan, A, Hassanian-Moghaddam, H, Hassanipour, S, Haubold, J, Havmoeller, R, Hay, S, Hbid, Y, Hebert, J, Hegazi, O, Heidari, G, Heidari, M, Heidari-Foroozan, M, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Helfer, B, Herteliu, C, Hesami, H, Hettiarachchi, D, Heyi, D, Hezam, K, Hiraike, Y, Hoffman, H, Holla, R, Horita, N, Hossain, M, Hossain, S, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, H, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hsairi, M, Hsieh, V, Hu, C, Huang, J, Huda, M, Hugo, F, Hultström, M, Hussain, J, Hussain, S, Hussein, N, Huy, L, Huynh, H, Hwang, B, Ibitoye, S, Idowu, O, Ijo, D, Ikuta, K, Ilaghi, M, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Immurana, M, Inbaraj, L, Iradukunda, A, Iravanpour, F, Iregbu, K, Islam, M, Islam, S, Islami, F, Ismail, N, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Iwu, C, Iwu-Jaja, C, Iyer, M, J, L, Jaafari, J, Jacob, L, Jacobsen, K, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Jafarinia, M, Jaggi, K, Jahankhani, K, Jahanmehr, N, Jahrami, H, Jain, A, Jain, N, Jairoun, A, Jakovljevic, M, Jalilzadeh Yengejeh, R, Jamshidi, E, Jani, C, Janko, M, Jatau, A, Jayapal, S, Jayaram, S, Jeganathan, J, Jema, A, Jemere, D, Jeong, W, Jha, A, Jha, R, Ji, J, Jiang, H, Jin, Y, Johnson, O, Jomehzadeh, N, Jones, D, Joo, T, Joseph, A, Joseph, N, Joshua, C, Jozwiak, J, Jürisson, M, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, A, Kabir, H, Kabir, Z, Kadashetti, V, Kahe, F, Kakodkar, P, Kalani, R, Kalankesh, L, Kaliyadan, F, Kalra, S, Kamath, A, Kamireddy, A, Kanagasabai, T, Kandel, H, Kanmiki, E, Kanmodi, K, Kantar, R, Kapoor, N, Karajizadeh, M, Karami Matin, B, Karanth, S, Karaye, I, Karim, A, Karimi, H, Karimi, S, Karimi Behnagh, A, Karkhah, S, Karna, A, Kashoo, F, Kasraei, H, Kassaw, N, Kassebaum, N, Kassel, M, Katamreddy, A, Katikireddi, S, Katoto, P, Kauppila, J, Kaur, N, Kaydi, N, Kayibanda, J, Kayode, G, Kazemi, F, Kazemian, S, Kazeminia, S, Keikavoosi-Arani, L, Keller, C, Kempen, J, Kerr, J, Kesse-Guyot, E, Keykhaei, M, Khadembashiri, M, Khafaie, M, Khajuria, H, Khalafi, M, Khalaji, A, Khalid, N, Khalil, I, Khamesipour, F, Khan, A, Khan, G, Khan, I, Khan, M, Khan, T, Khan suheb, M, Khanmohammadi, S, Khatab, K, Khatami, F, Khavandegar, A, Khayat Kashani, H, Kheirallah, K, Khidri, F, Khodadoust, E, Khormali, M, Khosrowjerdi, M, Khubchandani, J, Khusun, H, Kifle, Z, Kim, G, Kim, J, Kimokoti, R, Kinzel, K, Kiross, G, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kiss, J, Kivimäki, M, Klu, D, Knudsen, A, Kolahi, A, Kompani, F, Koren, G, Kosen, S, Kostev, K, Kotnis, A, Koul, P, Koulmane Laxminarayana, S, Koyanagi, A, Kravchenko, M, Krishan, K, Krishna, H, Krishnamoorthy, V, Krishnamoorthy, Y, Krohn, K, Kuate Defo, B, Kubeisy, C, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kuddus, M, Kuitunen, I, Kujan, O, Kulimbet, M, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, A, Kumar, H, Kumar, N, Kumar, R, Kumar, S, Kumari, M, Kurmanova, A, Kurmi, O, Kusnali, A, Kusuma, D, Kutluk, T, Kuttikkattu, A, Kyei, E, Kyriopoulos, I, La Vecchia, C, Ladan, M, Laflamme, L, Lahariya, C, Lahmar, A, Lai, D, Laksono, T, Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Lallukka, T, Lám, J, Lamnisos, D, Lan, T, Lanfranchi, F, Langguth, B, Lansingh, V, Laplante-Lévesque, A, Larijani, B, Larsson, A, Lasrado, S, Latief, K, Latif, M, Latifinaibin, K, Lauriola, P, Le, L, Le, N, Le, T, Lee, M, Lee, P, Lee, S, Lee, W, Lee, Y, Legesse, S, Leigh, J, Lenzi, J, Leong, E, Lerango, T, Li, M, Li, W, Li, X, Li, Y, Li, Z, Libra, M, Ligade, V, Likaka, A, Lim, L, Lin, R, Lin, S, Lioutas, V, Listl, S, Liu, J, Liu, S, Liu, X, Livingstone, K, Llanaj, E, Lo, C, Loreche, A, Lorenzovici, L, Lotfi, M, Lotfizadeh, M, Lozano, R, Lubinda, J, Lucchetti, G, Lugo, A, Lunevicius, R, Ma, J, Ma, S, Ma, Z, Mabrok, M, Machairas, N, Machoy, M, Madsen, C, Magaña Gómez, J, Maghazachi, A, Maharaj, S, Maharjan, P, Mahjoub, S, Mahmoud, M, Mahmoudi, E, Mahmoudi, M, Makram, O, Malagón-Rojas, J, Malakan Rad, E, Malekzadeh, R, Malhotra, A, Malhotra, K, Malik, A, Malik, I, Malinga, L, Malta, D, Mamun, A, Manla, Y, Mannan, F, Mansoori, Y, Mansour, A, Mansouri, V, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Marasini, B, Marateb, H, Maravilla, J, Marconi, A, Mardi, P, Marino, M, Marjani, A, Marrugo Arnedo, C, Martinez-Guerra, B, Martinez-Piedra, R, Martins, C, Martins-Melo, F, Martorell, M, Marx, W, Maryam, S, Marzo, R, Mate, K, Matei, C, Mathioudakis, A, Maude, R, Maugeri, A, May, E, Mayeli, M, Mazaheri, M, Mazidi, M, Mazzotti, A, Mcalinden, C, Mcgrath, J, Mckee, M, Mckowen, A, Mclaughlin, S, Mcphail, M, Mcphail, S, Mechili, E, Mediratta, R, Meena, J, Mehari, M, Mehlman, M, Mehra, R, Mehrabani-Zeinabad, K, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Mehrotra, R, Mekonnen, M, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, E, Mensah, G, Mensah, L, Mentis, A, Meo, S, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mersha, A, Mesfin, B, Mestrovic, T, Mhlanga, A, Mhlanga, L, Mi, T, Micha, G, Michalek, I, Miller, T, Mindlin, S, Minelli, G, Minh, L, Mini, G, Minja, N, Mirdamadi, N, Mirghafourvand, M, Mirica, A, Mirinezhad, S, Mirmosayyeb, O, Mirutse, M, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, M, Mirzaei, M, Misgana, T, Misra, S, Mitchell, P, Mithra, P, Mittal, C, Mittal, 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Sun, Jing, Sunkersing, David, Susanty, Sri, Swain, Chandan Kumar, Sykes, Bryan L, Szarpak, Lukasz, Szeto, Mindy D, Szócska, Miklós, Tabaee Damavandi, Payam, Tabatabaei Malazy, Ozra, Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir, Tabatabai, Shima, Tabb, Karen M, Tabish, Mohammad, Taborda-Barata, Luis M, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tadesse, Birkneh Tilahun, Taheri, Amirmasoud, Taheri Abkenar, Yasaman, Taheri Soodejani, Moslem, Taherkhani, Amir, Taiba, Jabeen, Tajbakhsh, Ardeshir, Talaat, Iman M, Talukder, Ashis, Tamuzi, Jacques Lukenze, Tan, Ker-Kan, Tang, Haosu, Tang, Hong K, Tat, Nathan Y, Tat, Vivian Y, Tavakoli Oliaee, Razieh, Tavangar, Seyed Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Tebeje, Tsion Mulat, Tefera, Yibekal Manaye, Teimoori, Mojtaba, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Temsah, Reem Mohamad Hani, Teramoto, Masayuki, Tesfaye, Solomon Hailemariam, Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thapa, Rajshree, Thapar, Rekha, Thomas, Nihal, Thrift, Amanda G, Thum, Chern Choong Chern, Tian, Jing, Tichopad, Ales, Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera, Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer, Tohidast, Seyed Abolfazl, Tonelli, Marcello, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tram, Khai Hoan, Tran, Nghia Minh, Trico, Domenico, Trihandini, Indang, Tromans, Samuel Joseph, Truong, Vien T, Truyen, Thien Tan Tri Tai, Tsermpini, Evangelia Eirini, Tumurkhuu, Munkhtuya, Tung, Kang, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ubah, Chukwudi S, Udoakang, Aniefiok John, Udoh, Arit, Ulhaq, Inam, Ullah, Saeed, Ullah, Sana, Umair, Muhammad, Umar, Tungki Pratama, Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David, Umesh, Anushri, Unim, Brigid, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Upadhyay, Era, Urso, Daniele, Vacante, Marco, Vahdani, Amir Mohammad, Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj, Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel, Valizadeh, Rohollah, Van den Eynde, Jef, Varavikova, Elena, Varga, Orsolya, Varma, Siddhartha Alluri, Vart, Priya, Varthya, Shoban Babu, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Veerman, Lennert J, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Venugopal, Deneshkumar, Verghese, Nicholas Alexander, Verma, Madhur, Verma, Pratibha, Veroux, Massimiliano, Verras, Georgios-Ioannis, Vervoort, Dominique, Vieira, Rafael José, Villafañe, Jorge Hugo, Villani, Leonardo, Villanueva, Gabriela Ines, Villeneuve, Paul J, Violante, Francesco S, Visontay, Rachel, Vlassov, Vasily, Vo, Bay, Vollset, Stein Emil, Volovat, Simona Ruxandra, Volovici, Victor, Vongpradith, Avina, Vos, Theo, Vujcic, Isidora S, Vukovic, Rade, Wado, Yohannes Dibaba, Wafa, Hatem A, Waheed, Yasir, Wamai, Richard G, Wang, Cong, Wang, Denny, Wang, Fang, Wang, Shu, Wang, Song, Wang, Yanzhong, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Ward, Paul, Watson, Stefanie, Weaver, Marcia R, Weerakoon, Kosala Gayan, Weiss, Daniel J, Weldemariam, Abrha Hailay, Wells, Katherine M, Wen, Yi Feng, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Wickramasinghe, Dakshitha Praneeth, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Wijeratne, Tissa, Wilson, Shadrach, Wojewodzic, Marcin W, Wool, Eve E, Woolf, Anthony D, Wu, Dongze, Wulandari, Ratna Dwi, Xiao, Hong, Xu, Bin, Xu, Xiaoyue, Yadav, Lalit, Yaghoubi, Sajad, Yang, Lin, Yano, Yuichiro, Yao, Yao, Ye, Pengpeng, Yesera, Gesila Endashaw, Yesodharan, Renjulal, Yesuf, Subah Abderehim, Yiğit, Arzu, Yiğit, Vahit, Yip, Paul, Yon, Dong Keon, Yonemoto, Naohiro, You, Yuyi, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Zadey, Siddhesh, Zadnik, Vesna, Zafari, Nima, Zahedi, Mohammad, Zahid, Muhammad Nauman, Zahir, Mazyar, Zakham, Fathiah, Zaki, Nazar, Zakzuk, Josefina, Zamagni, Giulia, Zaman, Burhan Abdullah, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamora, Nelson, Zand, Ramin, Zandi, Milad, Zandieh, Ghazal G Z, Zanghì, Aurora, Zare, Iman, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zeariya, Mohammed G M, Zeng, Youjie, Zhai, Chunxia, Zhang, Chen, Zhang, Haijun, Zhang, Hongwei, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhang, Zhaofeng, Zhang, Zhenyu, Zhao, Hanqing, Zhao, Yang, Zhao, Yong, Zheng, Peng, Zhong, Chenwen, Zhou, Juexiao, Zhu, Bin, Zhu, Zhaohua, Ziaeefar, Pardis, Zielińska, Magdalena, Zou, Zhiyong, Zumla, Alimuddin, Zweck, Elric, Zyoud, Samer H, Lim, Stephen S, and Murray, Christopher J L
Published: 2024

3. Actin sliding velocity on pure myosin isoforms from hindlimb unloaded mice

Author: Maffei, M., Longa, E., Qaisar, R., Agoni, V., Desaphy, J.-F., Camerino, Conte D., Bottinelli, R., and Canepari, M.
Published: 2014
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4. Signature molecular changes in the skeletal muscle of hindlimb unloaded mice

Author: Azeem, M., primary, Qaisar, R., additional, Karim, A., additional, Ranade, A., additional, and Elmoselhi, A., additional
Published: 2020
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5. SERCA ACTIVATION AS AN INTERVENTION TO REDUCE MUSCLE ATROPHY AND WEAKNESS

Author: Van Remmen, H, primary, Qaisar, R, additional, Bhaskaran, Shylesh, additional, Ranjit, Rojina, additional, Sataranatarajan, K, additional, Premukmar, P, additional, and Huseman, K, additional
Published: 2018
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6. Medicinal waterbirds in the traditional healthcare system: an assessment of biodiversity–cultural linkages in Eastern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Author: Qaisar Rahman, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem, Muhammad Umair, Muhammad Altaf, Jian Ni, Arshad Mahmood Abbasi, Muhammad Azhar Jameel, Andrea Pieroni, Muhammad Haroon Hamed, Sana Ashraf, and Tasnim Sadaf
Subjects: Ethno-ornithology, Waterbirds, Pakistan, Principal component analysis, Chord diagram, Other systems of medicine, RZ201-999, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: Abstract Background Eastern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is home to a vast range of medicinal and edible waterbird species due to its diverse geographical environment. Waterbird species have been used for various ailments and cultural practices since ancient times, while ethno-pharmacological applications and cultural uses of waterbird species in this area have seldom been documented. This study is the first ethnomedicinal and cultural assessment of waterbird species, and the first compilation and listing of all known data on these species in Eastern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methods Interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data from native respondents (N = 100). To analyze the data, principal component analysis (PCA), relative frequency of citation (RFC), fidelity level (FL%), relative popularity level (RPL), rank order priority, and similarity index were used. Results In total, 64 waterbird species were utilized in cultural practices, of which 40 species are used to cure different infectious and chronic diseases such as cold, cough, flu, fever, respiratory disorders, asthma, TB, gastric ulcers, kidney stones, male impotency, obesity, paralysis, piles, cancer, arthritis, body pain, and weakness. PCA showed significant differences in the use of waterbird species among the local inhabitants of the study area, separated along the axis-2 (p
Published: 2022
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7. Minimizing Human Factors Mishaps in Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Author: Thomas A. Mazzuchi, Shahram Sarkani, Qaisar R. ('Raza') Waraich, and David F. Rico
Subjects: Engineering, Workstation, Injury control, Accident prevention, Remotely piloted aircraft, business.industry, General Engineering, Poison control, Human Factors and Ergonomics, law.invention, Transport engineering, Aeronautics, law, Human–machine interface, Interface design, business, Cognitive ergonomics
Abstract: Unmanned aircraft system (UAS) mishaps attributable to lack of attention to human factors/ergonomics (HF/E) science in their ground control stations (GCSes) are alarmingly high, and UAS-specific HF/E engineering standards are years away from development. The ANSI/HFES 100-2007 human factors standard is proposed as a specification for the design of UASes because of the similarity between general-purpose computer workstations and GCSes. Data were collected from 20 UASes to determine the applicability of commercial standards to GCS designs. Analysis shows that general-purpose computer workstations and UAS GCSes are up to 98% similar. Therefore, our findings suggest that the application of commercial human factors standards may be a good solution for minimizing UAS mishaps.
Published: 2013

8. Preferential skeletal muscle myosin loss in response to mechanical silencing in a novel rat intensive care unit model: underlying mechanisms

Author: Ochala J, Gustafson AM, Llano-Diez M, Renaud G, Li M, Aare S, Qaisar R, Banduseela VC, Hedström Y, Tang X, Dworkin B, Ford GC, Nair KS, Perera S, Gautel M, and Larsson L
Abstract: The muscle wasting and impaired muscle function in critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients delay recovery from the primary disease, and have debilitating consequences that can persist for years after hospital discharge. It is likely that, in addition to pernicious effects of the primary disease, the basic life support procedures of long-term ICU treatment contribute directly to the progressive impairment of muscle function. This study aims at improving our understanding of the mechanisms underlying muscle wasting in ICU patients by using a unique experimental rat ICU model where animals are mechanically ventilated, sedated and pharmacologically paralysed for duration varying between 6 h and 14 days. Results show that the ICU intervention induces a phenotype resembling the severe muscle wasting and paralysis associated with the acute quadriplegic myopathy (AQM) observed in ICU patients, i.e. a preferential loss of myosin, transcriptional down-regulation of myosin synthesis, muscle atrophy and a dramatic decrease in muscle fibre force generation capacity. Detailed analyses of protein degradation pathways show that the ubiquitin proteasome pathway is highly involved in this process. A sequential change in localisation of muscle-specific RING finger proteins 1/2 (MuRF1/2) observed during the experimental period is suggested to play an instrumental role in both transcriptional regulation and protein degradation. We propose that, for those critically ill patients who develop AQM, complete mechanical silencing, due to pharmacological paralysis or sedation, is a critical factor underlying the preferential loss of the molecular motor protein myosin that leads to impaired muscle function or persisting paralysis.
Published: 2011

9. Minimizing Human Factors Mishaps in Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Author: Waraich, Qaisar R. (“Raza”), primary, Mazzuchi, Thomas A., additional, Sarkani, Shahram, additional, and Rico, David F., additional
Published: 2013
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10. G.P.2.01 Acute Quadriplegic Myopathy: Underlying mechanisms, improved diagnostic methods and specific intervention strategies

Author: Larsson, L., primary, Gustafson, A.M., additional, Ochala, J., additional, Banduseela, V., additional, Li, M., additional, Aare, S., additional, Hedström, Y., additional, Qaisar, R., additional, Llano Diaz, M., additional, Tang, X., additional, and Dworkin, B.R., additional
Published: 2009
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11. Association of dietary intake and dietary habits with risk of cardiovascular disease among immigrant Pakistanis living in the Netherlands

Author: Qaisar Raza, Mary Nicolaou, Funda Cay, and Jaap Seidell
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: Objective: To explore the current intake/changed dietary habits being associated with risk of cardiovascular disease after migration from Pakistan to the Netherlands. Methods: Data collection started in March 2012 and ended in July 2013. Self-administered survey with respect to cardiovascular disease and dietary intake was filled by 154 adult Pakistanis. Participants were approached through festivals and community centres. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the data. Results: There were 41 (61%) participants who reported drinking fruit juice every day, while 13 (18.6%) participants reported drinking soft drinks 5-7 days a week. In addition, 20 (30%) participants reported decreased intake of high fat/fried foods, deserts/candy/sweets and red meat, while 23 (35%) reported an increased intake of soft drinks and convenience foods, as far as high calorie and refined food items were considered, after migration. Conclusion The study showed significant changes in dietary habits, both favourable and unfavourable, being associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases among immigrant Pakistanis living in The Netherlands. Key Words/MeSh Words: Pakistani; CVD; Migration; Diet; Dietary acculturation
Published: 2020
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12. Consanguinity and adult morbidity in Pakistan

Author: Shami, S.A., Qaisar, R., Bittles, A.H., Shami, S.A., Qaisar, R., and Bittles, A.H.
Abstract: No abstract available
Published: 1991

13. Energy Metabolism in Relation to Diet and Physical Activity: A South Asian Perspective

Author: Siti N. Wulan, Qaisar Raza, Hera S. Prasmita, Erryana Martati, Jaya M. Maligan, Uma Mageshwari, Itrat Fatima, and Guy Plasqui
Subjects: energy metabolism, South Asian, diet, physical activity, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is on the rise around the world, not only in the West, but also in Asian countries. South Asian countries in particular are experiencing a rapid increase in overweight and obesity, that coexists with the rapid increase in non-communicable diseases linked to obesity such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease than any other country in Asia. The phenomena observed in South Asian countries are due to the size of the population, the ageing of the population, the high degree of urbanization and the lifestyle changes in favor of increased energy consumption and reduced physical activity. The imbalance between energy consumption and energy expenditure results in the development of a positive energy balance that, over time, accumulates in higher body fat. South Asians were reported to have a more unfavorable body composition with a higher percentage of body fat than Caucasians with an equivalent BMI. Body composition is a major determinant of resting energy expenditure. It has been reported that South Asians have a lower resting energy expenditure than Caucasians with the same BMI. Resting energy expenditure accounts for the majority of total daily energy expenditure and, therefore, plays a crucial role in achieving the balance between energy intake and expenditure.
Published: 2021
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14. Consanguinity and adult morbidity in Pakistan

Author: Shami, S.A., primary, Qaisar, R., additional, and Bittles, A.H., additional
Published: 1991
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15. M.P.4.06 Effects of ageing and gender on the spatial organization of nuclei in single human skeletal muscle cells

Author: Cristea, A., Edlund, P. Karlsson, J. Lindblad, Qaisar, R., Bengtsson, E., and Larsson, L.
Published: 2009
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16. Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among the Indigenous and Immigrant Pakistani Population: A Systematic Review

Author: Qaisar Raza, Colleen M. Doak, Aroosa Khan, Mary Nicolaou, and Jaap C. Seidell
Subjects: Cardiovascular diseases, Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes, Hypercholesterolemia, Pakistanis, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627
Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study was to systematically describe the gender and ethnic differences regarding the prevalence of general/central obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia among the indigenous and immigrant Pakistani communities. Methods: The search engine used was PubMed, supplemented with regional data from the Medical Institutes of Pakistan. The focus was on the adult Pakistani population (18 years and older). Results: We found only 7 studies among the immigrant Pakistani community and 24 studies among the indigenous Pakistani community. The studies had limitations such as low participation rates and use of self-reported data. There is a higher prevalence of central obesity among women (42.2%) than among men (14.7%) (National Health Survey of Pakistan). Certain ethnicities such as Muhajir and Baluchis showed a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors when compared to other ethnicities in the indigenous Pakistani population. The results also indicate that the prevalence of obesity is 10-20% higher among the immigrant Pakistanis than in the indigenous Pakistanis. Conclusion: The relatively high prevalence of obesity and associated CVD risk factors (especially in women) among both indigenous and immigrant Pakistani populations require the attention of the healthcare professionals and policy makers, both inside and outside Pakistan.
Published: 2013
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17. What determines myonuclear domain size?

Author: Qaisar R and Lars Larsson
Subjects: Cell Nucleus, Aging, Sarcopenia, Myosin Heavy Chains, Hormone Replacement Therapy, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Animals, Humans, Hypertrophy, Muscle, Skeletal
Abstract: The muscle cell is multinuclear and each nucleus controls transcriptional activity in the surrounding territory of cytoplasm called myonuclear domain (MND). MND size varies with the fiber type and is inversely proportional to the muscle fiber oxidative capacity. Change in MND size precedes change in myonuclei count during post-natal growth and most conditions of muscle fiber hypertrophy, suggesting that the myonuclei have the ability to enhance their synthetic capacity according to cell size, functional and metabolic needs. MND size has a "ceiling" limit during hypertrophic process beyond which extra myonuclei are donated by satellite cell to support further muscle growth. During ageing-related atrophy, myonuclei are not lost but an unequal distribution is reported. Ageing myonucleus still responds to resistant exercise and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) by enhancing its transcriptional capacity. Thus the MND size is far from constant and modulates itself to contribute to the muscle remodeling in various conditions.

18. Metformin effects on plasma zonulin levels correlate with enhanced physical performance in osteoarthritis patients with diabetes.

Author: Karim A, Waheed A, Ahmad F, and Qaisar R
Subjects: Humans, Female, Male, Aged, Middle Aged, Osteoarthritis drug therapy, Osteoarthritis blood, Physical Functional Performance, Hand Strength physiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 blood, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Oxidative Stress physiology, Cholera Toxin blood, Haptoglobins metabolism, Metformin pharmacology, Metformin therapeutic use, Protein Precursors blood, Hypoglycemic Agents pharmacology, Hypoglycemic Agents therapeutic use
Abstract: Purpose: Metformin (MTF) shows promise in protecting against physical decline in osteoarthritis (OA), but how it works remains unclear. We studied MTF's effects on gut permeability and its link to physical performance in OA patients., Methods: We studied four groups: control (n = 72), OA non-diabetic (n = 58), OA diabetic on MTF (n = 55), and OA diabetic on other anti-diabetics (n = 57). We measured zonulin levels, as intestinal permeability marker, hand-grip strength (HGS), Oxford knee scoring (OKS) to determine OA severity, and short performance physical battery (SPPB) to determine physical functions., Results: Patients suffering from OA showed a reduction in HGS and SPPB scores with raised plasma zonulin than controls, irrespective of disease severity. MTF decreased plasma zonulin levels and improved OKS, gait speed, HGS, and SPPB scores in OA patients. However, OA patients taking other anti-diabetic medications demonstrated higher levels of plasma zonulin, reduced HGS, and SPPB scores. Furthermore, a robust correlation of plasma zonulin and HGS, OKS, gait speed, and SPPB scores in OA patients on MTF was observed. Moreover, we found reduced oxidative stress and inflammation associated with these alterations in OA patients treated with MTF., Conclusion: MTF improves HGS and physical performance by lowering zonulin levels, preserving gut permeability in OA patients., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
Published: 2024
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19. Natural compound screening predicts novel GSK-3 isoform-specific inhibitors.

Author: Ahmad F, Gupta A, Marzook H, Woodgett JR, Saleh MA, and Qaisar R
Subjects: Humans, Protein Kinase Inhibitors pharmacology, Protein Kinase Inhibitors chemistry, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta antagonists & inhibitors, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta metabolism, Biological Products pharmacology, Biological Products chemistry, Isoenzymes antagonists & inhibitors, Isoenzymes metabolism, Protein Isoforms antagonists & inhibitors, Protein Isoforms metabolism, Molecular Docking Simulation, Depsides pharmacology, Depsides chemistry, Cinnamates pharmacology, Cinnamates chemistry, Rosmarinic Acid, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 antagonists & inhibitors, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 metabolism
Abstract: Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) plays important roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological disorders and cancer. Isoform-specific loss of either GSK-3α or GSK-3β often provides cytoprotective effects under such clinical conditions. However, available synthetic small molecule inhibitors are relatively non-specific, and their chronic use may lead to adverse effects. Therefore, screening for natural compound inhibitors to identify the isoform-specific inhibitors may provide improved clinical utility. Here, we screened 70 natural compounds to identify novel natural GSK-3 inhibitors employing comprehensive in silico and biochemical approaches. Molecular docking and pharmacokinetics analysis identified two natural compounds Psoralidin and Rosmarinic acid as potential GSK-3 inhibitors. Specifically, Psoralidin and Rosmarinic acid exhibited the highest binding affinities for GSK-3α and GSK-3β, respectively. Consistent with in silico findings, the kinase assay-driven IC50 revealed superior inhibitory effects of Psoralidin against GSK-3α (IC50 = 2.26 μM) vs. GSK-3β (IC50 = 4.23 μM) while Rosmarinic acid was found to be more potent against GSK-3β (IC50 = 2.24 μM) than GSK-3α (IC50 = 5.14 μM). Taken together, these studies show that the identified natural compounds may serve as GSK-3 inhibitors with Psoralidin serving as a better inhibitor for GSK-3α and Rosmarinic for GSK-3β isoform, respectively. Further characterization employing in vitro and preclinical models will be required to test the utility of these compounds as GSK-3 inhibitors for cardiometabolic and neurological disorders and cancers., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declared no competing interest concerning the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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20. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors attenuate circulating CAF22 and physical decline in congestive heart failure: Diagnostic implications of CAF22.

Author: Ahmad F, Karim A, Khan J, and Qaisar R
Abstract: Aims: Age-associated muscle loss, termed sarcopenia is the major cause of physical disability in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) are commonly used to treat CHF patients; however, their impacts on the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and sarcopenia in CHF patients remain poorly understood. We aim to investigate the potential impact of ACEi on NMJ and CHF-induced sarcopenia., Methods: The cardiac function, short physical performance battery, handgrip strength (HGS), appendicular skeletal mass index, gait speed (GS) and plasma c-terminal agrin fragment-22 (CAF22), a marker of NMJ degradation, were assessed in controls (n = 81) and CHF patients treated with (n = 134) or without (n = 145) ACEi., Results: Irrespective of treatment, HGS and GS, indicators of sarcopenia, were profoundly declined in the patients with CHF vs. controls. However, patients on ACEi demonstrated significantly better HGS and GS compared to non-ACEi patients (P < .001). The level of CAF22 was significantly lower (P < .0001) in the ACEi-treated compared to non-ACEi CHF patients. Further, the level of CAF22 was inversely correlated (R 2 = .33, P < .0001) with HGS in both ACEi and non-ACEi CHF patients, while CAF22 was inversely correlated with GS and short physical performance battery only in ACEi-treated but not in patients on other therapies without ACEi. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed CAF22 as a potential diagnostic marker (95% confidence interval: 0.785-0.883; P < .0001) for CHF., Conclusion: Collectively, these findings strongly suggest that ACEi limits CHF-induced neuromuscular disjunction and physical disability in CHF. CAF22 has shown diagnostic implications for CHF., (© 2024 British Pharmacological Society.)
Published: 2024
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21. Tracking the Plasma C-Terminal Agrin Fragment as a Biomarker of Neuromuscular Decline in 18- to 87-Year-Old Men.

Author: Qaisar R, Karim A, Iqbal MS, Ahmad F, and Hussain MA
Subjects: Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Adult, Aged, Adolescent, Aged, 80 and over, Young Adult, Sarcopenia diagnosis, Sarcopenia blood, Sarcopenia physiopathology, ROC Curve, Aging, Agrin blood, Biomarkers blood, Hand Strength, Peptide Fragments blood
Abstract: Objectives: Plasma C-terminal agrin-fragment-22 (CAF22), a breakdown product of neuromuscular junction, is a potential biomarker of muscle loss. However, its levels from adolescence to octogenarians are unknown., Methods: We evaluated young (18-34 years, n = 203), middle-aged (35-59 years, n = 163), and old men (60-87 years, n = 143) for CAF22, handgrip strength (HGS), appendicular skeletal-mass index (ASMI), and gait speed., Results: We found an age-associated increase in CAF22 from young (100.9 ± 29 pmol) to middle-aged (128.3 ± 38.7 pmol) and older men (171.5 ± 35.5 pmol) (all p<0.05). This was accompanied by a gradual reduction in HGS (37.7 ± 6.1 kg, 30.2 ± 5.2 kg, and 26.6 ± 4.7 kg, for young, middle-aged, and old men, respectively), ASMI (8.02 ± 1.02 kg/m 2 , 7.65 ± 0.92 kg/m 2 , 6.87 ± 0.93 kg/m 2 , for young, middle-aged, and old men, respectively), and gait speed (1.29 ± 0.24 m/s, 1.05 ± 0.16 m/s, and 0.81 ± 0.13 m/s, for young, middle-aged, and old men, respectively). After adjustment for age, we found negative regressions of CAF22 with HGS (- 0.0574, p < 0.001) and gait speed (- 0.0162, p < 0.001) in the cumulative cohort. The receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed significant efficacy of plasma CAF22 in diagnosing muscle weakness (HGS < 27 kg) (middle-aged men; AUC = 0.731, 95% CI = 0.629-0.831, p < 0.001, Older men; AUC = 0.816, 95% CI = 0.761-0.833, p < 0.001), and low gait speed (0.8 m/s) (middle-aged men; AUC = 0.737, 95% CI = 0.602-0.871, p < 0.001, older men; AUC = 0.829, 95% CI = 0.772-0.886, p < 0.001), and a modest efficacy in diagnosing sarcopenia (middle-aged men; AUC = 0.701, 95% CI = 0.536-0.865, p = 0.032, older men; AUC = 0.822, 95% CI = 0.759-0.884, p < 0.001) in middle-aged and older men., Conclusion: Altogether, CAF22 increases with advancing age and may be a reliable marker of muscle weakness and low gait speed., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
Published: 2024
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22. GSK-3α-BNIP3 axis promotes mitophagy in human cardiomyocytes under hypoxia.

Author: Marzook H, Gupta A, Jayakumar MN, Saleh MA, Tomar D, Qaisar R, and Ahmad F
Subjects: Humans, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit metabolism, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit genetics, Signal Transduction, Mitochondria metabolism, Mitochondria pathology, Mitochondria genetics, Cell Line, Myocytes, Cardiac metabolism, Myocytes, Cardiac pathology, Mitophagy genetics, Cell Hypoxia, Membrane Proteins metabolism, Membrane Proteins genetics, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases metabolism, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases genetics, Forkhead Box Protein O3 metabolism, Forkhead Box Protein O3 genetics, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 metabolism, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 genetics, Protein Kinases metabolism, Protein Kinases genetics, Proto-Oncogene Proteins metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins genetics
Abstract: Dysregulated autophagy/mitophagy is one of the major causes of cardiac injury in ischemic conditions. Glycogen synthase kinase-3alpha (GSK-3α) has been shown to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of cardiac diseases. However, the precise role of GSK-3α in cardiac mitophagy remains unknown. Herein, we investigated the role of GSK-3α in cardiac mitophagy by employing AC16 human cardiomyocytes under the condition of acute hypoxia. We observed that the gain-of-GSK-3α function profoundly induced mitophagy in the AC16 cardiomyocytes post-hypoxia. Moreover, GSK-3α overexpression led to increased ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes, accompanied by enhanced mitophagy displayed by increased mt-mKeima intensity under hypoxia. Mechanistically, we identified that GSK-3α promotes mitophagy through upregulation of BNIP3, caused by GSK-3α-mediated increase in expression of HIF-1α and FOXO3a in cardiomyocytes post-hypoxia. Moreover, GSK-3α displayed a physical interaction with BNIP3 and, inhibited PINK1 and Parkin recruitment to mitochondria was observed specifically under hypoxia. Taken together, we identified a novel mechanism of mitophagy in human cardiomyocytes. GSK-3α promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and regulates FOXO3a -mediated BNIP3 overexpression in cardiomyocytes to facilitate mitophagy following hypoxia. An interaction between GSK-3α and BNIP3 suggests a role of GSK-3α in BNIP3 recruitment to the mitochondrial membrane where it enhances mitophagy in stressed cardiomyocytes independent of the PINK1/Parkin., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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23. Gut matters in microgravity: potential link of gut microbiota and its metabolites to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal well-being.

Author: Ibrahim Z, Khan NA, Siddiqui R, Qaisar R, Marzook H, Soares NC, and Elmoselhi AB
Abstract: The gut microbiota and its secreted metabolites play a significant role in cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health and diseases. The dysregulation of the intestinal microbiota poses a significant threat to cardiovascular and skeletal muscle well-being. Nonetheless, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying these changes remain unclear. Furthermore, microgravity presents several challenges to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health compromising muscle strength, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic changes. The purpose of this review is to critically examine the role of gut microbiota metabolites on cardiovascular and skeletal muscle functions and dysfunctions. It also explores the molecular mechanisms that drive microgravity-induced deconditioning in both cardiovascular and skeletal muscle. Key findings in this review highlight that several alterations in gut microbiota and secreted metabolites in microgravity mirror characteristics seen in cardiovascular and skeletal muscle diseases. Those alterations include increased levels of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, elevated lipopolysaccharide levels (LPS), increased in para-cresol (p-cresol) and secondary metabolites, along with reduction in bile acids and Akkermansia muciniphila bacteria. Highlighting the potential, modulating gut microbiota in microgravity conditions could play a significant role in mitigating cardiovascular and skeletal muscle diseases not only during space flight but also in prolonged bed rest scenarios here on Earth., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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24. Predictors of the onset of low handgrip strength in Europe: a longitudinal study of 42,183 older adults from 15 countries.

Author: Qaisar R, Hussain MA, Franzese F, Karim A, Ahmad F, Awad A, Al-Masri AA, and Alkahtani SA
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Aged, Europe epidemiology, Longitudinal Studies, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Aged, 80 and over, Aging physiology, Activities of Daily Living, Frailty epidemiology, Hand Strength physiology, Quality of Life
Abstract: Objectives: A low handgrip strength (HGS) is a significant risk factor for multiple diseases. However, most relevant studies investigate the complications of a low HGS, while the risk potential of causative factors of low HGS remain poorly characterized., Methods: We investigated the potentials of quality of life, depression, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, frailty, and difficulties performing daily activities in predicting low HGS (≤ 27 kg for men, ≤ 16 kg for women) in European older adults aged 50 or above from 15 countries (n = 42,183). All data was collected from four successive waves of survey of health, ageing, and retirement in Europe (SHARE) conducted between 2013 and 2020. Logistic models are applied, and estimated effects are presented as odds ratios and probabilities., Results: Collectively, 3016 participants (men; n = 1395; 7.38%, women; n = 1621, 6.97%) developed low HGS during the 6.5 years study period. After adjusting for covariables, we identified an advancing age (1.6-48.1% points higher risk of low HGS), male gender (1.0%-point higher risk of low HGS), lower quality of life (1.6%-point higher), and stroke (1.5%-points) as significant risk factors for low HGS. We also found a dose-dependent association of Euro-D depression scores with the risk of low HGS, as the higher scores were associated with between 0.6- and 2.3%-points higher risk of developing low HGS than participants without depression. Among physical performance indicators, difficulty climbing stairs (2.0%-points higher low HGS risk) or rising from a chair (0.7%-points) were significantly associated with developing low HGS. Lastly, frailty (0.9%-points higher risk of low HGS) and the fear of falling down (1.6%-points higher risk) also increased the risk of developing low HGS., Conclusion: Altogether, we report several risk factors for developing low HGS. Our observations may help evaluating and monitoring high-risk population for developing low HGS in pre-clinical settings., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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25. A leaky gut contributes to postural imbalance in male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Author: Qaisar R, Hussain S, Karim A, Muhammad T, Ustrana S, Azhar Hussain M, and Ahmad F
Subjects: Humans, Male, Aged, Middle Aged, Hand Strength, Protein Precursors blood, Cholera Toxin blood, Case-Control Studies, Permeability, Dinoprost analogs & derivatives, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive physiopathology, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive blood, Postural Balance, Haptoglobins, C-Reactive Protein metabolism, Biomarkers blood
Abstract: Aims: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently exhibit an inability to maintain postural balance. However, the contribution of increased intestinal permeability or leaky gut to the postural imbalance in COPD is not known., Methods: We measured plasma zonulin, a marker of leaky gut, with relevance to postural balance in male controls (n = 70) and patients with mild (n = 67), moderate (n = 66), and severe (n = 58) COPD. We employed a short physical performance battery to evaluate postural balance in supine, tandem, and semi-tandem positions. We also measured handgrip strength (HGS), gait speed, plasma c-reactive proteins (CRP), and 8-isoprostanes as potential mechanistic connections between postural imbalance and leaky gut., Results: COPD patients demonstrated higher plasma zonulin, CRP, and 8-isoprostanes levels and lower balance, HGS, and gait speed than controls (all p < 0.05). These findings were more robust in patients with moderate and severe than mild COPD. In addition, plasma zonulin exhibited significant potential in diagnosing poor balance, low HGS, and gait speed in COPD patients (all p < 0.05). We also found significant correlations of plasma zonulin with CRP and 8-isoprostanes, providing heightened inflammation and oxidative stress as mechanistic connections between leaky gut and postural imbalance., Conclusion: Plasma zonulin may be helpful in evaluating postural imbalance in COPD patients. Repairing intestinal leaks can be a therapeutic target to improve postural control in COPD., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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26. The Association of Intestinal Leak with Sarcopenia and Physical Disability in Patients with Various Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease.

Author: Qaisar R, Burki A, Karim A, Ustrana S, and Ahmad F
Subjects: Humans, Male, Aged, Middle Aged, Biomarkers blood, Hand Strength physiology, Haptoglobins, Protein Precursors blood, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic complications, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic physiopathology, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic blood, Sarcopenia blood, Sarcopenia physiopathology, Sarcopenia epidemiology
Abstract: Sarcopenia is related to disease severity in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients; however, its pathophysiology remains poorly known. We investigated the associations of biomarkers of intestinal leak with sarcopenia in various stages of CKD. We recruited 61-76-year-old male controls and patients with various stages of CKD (n = 36-57/group) for measuring plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and zonulin (markers of intestinal leak), handgrip strength (HGS), skeletal mass index (SMI), and gait speed (markers of sarcopenia), and short physical performance battery (SPPB; marker of physical capacity). CKD stages 4 and 5 were associated with lower HGS, SMI, gait speed, and cumulative SPPB scores and a higher sarcopenia prevalence than controls and patients with CKD stages 1 and 2 (all p < 0.05). CKD patients (stages 1 and 2) had elevated plasma zonulin and LBP when compared with CKD stages 4 and 5. Plasma zonulin and LBP exhibited significant correlations with renal function, HGS, gait speed, SPPB scores, and oxidative stress markers in CKD stages 4 and 5 (all p < 0.05). However, similar relations were not found in early CKD. Collectively, intestinal leak may be contributing to sarcopenia and physical disability in the advanced stages of CKD., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2024
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27. Nicotinamide riboside kinase 2: A unique target for skeletal muscle and cardiometabolic diseases.

Author: Ahmad F and Qaisar R
Subjects: Humans, Animals, Myocardium metabolism, Myocardium pathology, Cardiovascular Diseases metabolism, Cardiovascular Diseases pathology, Muscular Diseases metabolism, Muscular Diseases pathology, Muscular Diseases genetics, Heart Diseases metabolism, Heart Diseases pathology, Muscle, Skeletal metabolism, Muscle, Skeletal pathology, Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) metabolism, Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) genetics
Abstract: Myopathy leads to skeletal and cardiac muscle degeneration which is a major cause of physical disability and heart failure. Despite the therapeutic advancement the prevalence of particularly cardiac diseases is rising at an alarming rate and novel therapeutic targets are required. Nicotinamide riboside kinase-2 (NRK-2 or NMRK2) is a muscle-specific β1-integrin binding protein abundantly expressed in the skeletal muscle while only a trace amount is detected in the healthy cardiac muscle. The level in cardiac tissue is profoundly upregulated under pathogenic conditions such as ischemia and hypertension. NRK-2 was initially identified to regulate myoblast differentiation and to enhance the levels of NAD+, an important coenzyme that potentiates cellular energy production and stress resilience. Recent advancement has shown that NRK-2 critically regulates numerous cellular and molecular processes under pathogenic conditions to modulate the disease severity. Therefore, given its restricted expression in the cardiac and skeletal muscle, NRK-2 may serve as a unique therapeutic target. In this review, we provided a comprehensive overview of the diverse roles of NRK-2 played in different cardiac and muscular diseases and discussed the underlying molecular mechanisms in detail. Moreover, this review precisely examined how NRK-2 regulates metabolism in cardiac muscle, and how dysfunctional NRK-2 is associated with energetic deficit and impaired muscle function, manifesting various cardiac and skeletal muscle disease conditions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declared no competing interest concerning this article's research, authorship, and/or publication., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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28. Metformin improves skeletal muscle and physical capacity by stabilizing neuromuscular junction in older adults.

Author: Qaisar R, Javed M, Khan IM, Ahmad F, and Karim A
Subjects: Humans, Male, Aged, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Double-Blind Method, Agrin, Biomarkers blood, Metformin pharmacology, Metformin therapeutic use, Muscle, Skeletal drug effects, Neuromuscular Junction drug effects, Hypoglycemic Agents pharmacology, Hypoglycemic Agents therapeutic use, Hand Strength
Abstract: Objectives: Metformin is an anti-diabetic drug with protective effects on skeletal muscle and physical capacity. However, the relevant mechanisms of action on skeletal muscle remain poorly understood. We investigated the potential contribution of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) degradation to skeletal muscle and physical capacity in geriatric men taking metformin., Method: We recruited geriatric men for placebo (Age=73.1 ± 4.2 years, n = 70) and metformin (Age=70.1 ± 4.5 years, n = 62) groups. The patients in the metformin group received 1700 mg of metformin twice a day for 16 weeks. We measured plasma c-terminal agrin-fragment-22 (CAF22) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) as markers of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) degradation and neurodegeneration, respectively, with relevance to handgrip strength (HGS) and short physical performance battery (SPPB; a marker of physical capacity) in older adults taking metformin. These findings were associated with reduced oxidative stress in the metformin group., Results: At baseline, both groups had similar HGS, gait speed, SPPB scores, and plasma biochemistry. Metformin improved HGS, gait speed, and cumulative SPPB scores in geriatric men (all p < 0.05). Metformin also reduced plasma CAF22 and NfL levels when compared to baseline. Similar observations were not found in the placebo group. Correlation analysis revealed significant correlations of plasma CAF22 with HGS, gait speed, and cumulative SPPB scores in the metformin group. These observations were associated with reduced oxidative stress in the metformin group., Conclusion: Altogether, the restorative effects of metformin on skeletal muscle and physical capacity involve NMJ stabilization. Our data is clinically relevant for geriatric men with functional disabilities., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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29. Association between handgrip strength and metabolic syndrome in relation to gender and adiposity among middle aged and older Saudi populations.

Author: Alkahtani SA, Alshammari GM, Alzuwaydi A, Alfuhaid A, Al-Masri AA, Qaisar R, and Habib SS
Subjects: Male, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Aged, Adiposity, Hand Strength, Cross-Sectional Studies, Saudi Arabia epidemiology, Obesity complications, Metabolic Syndrome epidemiology
Abstract: Aim: This cross-sectional study investigated the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and handgrip strength (HGS) with respect to sex and adiposity in Saudi men ( n = 287) and women ( n = 268)., Material and Methods: Anthropometry, body composition, HGS, and blood biochemistry were measured. The average age of the study population was 57.65 ± 9.3 years (men = 55.1 ± 9.3 years, women = 60.4 ± 9.3 years). We report that HGS/body mass index (BMI), HGS/weight, and HGS/fat (%) were significantly higher in controls than in patients with MetS in men but not in women. According to the ROC analysis, relative HGS (RHGS) was higher than HGS alone in the association with MetS, which was significant for men ( p < 0.01). At lower quartiles of HGS, the probability of MetS was higher in women, and the same was found in men in the lower quartiles of HGS/%Fat. Multinomial regression revealed significant associations between age and adiposity and MetS in men and HGS in women. Additionally, the linear regression of age, HGS, and weight exhibited significant associations between HGS with WC in both sexes., Conclusion: A higher risk of MetS in the lower quartiles of HGS was found in women, and adiposity moderated the relationship between HGS and MetS in men.
Published: 2024
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30. The emerging roles of necroptosis in skeletal muscle health and disease.

Author: Qaisar R
Subjects: Humans, Animals, Necroptosis physiology, Muscle, Skeletal metabolism, Muscle, Skeletal pathology, Muscular Diseases metabolism, Muscular Diseases pathology
Abstract: Necroptosis is a regulated form of cell death with implications in various physiological and pathological processes in multiple tissues. However, the relevant findings from post-mitotic tissues, such as skeletal muscle, are scarce. This review summarizes the potential contributions of necroptosis to skeletal muscle health and diseases. It first discusses the physiological roles of necroptosis in muscle regeneration and development. It then summarizes the contributions of necroptosis to the pathogenesis of multiple muscle diseases, including muscular dystrophies, inflammatory myopathies, cachexia, and neuromuscular disorders. Lastly, it unravels the gaps in our understanding and therapeutic challenges of inhibiting necroptosis as a potential intervention for muscle diseases. Specifically, the findings from the transgenic animal models and the use of pharmacological inhibitors of necroptosis are discussed with relevance to improving the structure and/or function of skeletal muscle in various diseases. Recent developments from experimental animal models and clinical data are presented to discuss the roles of necroptosis in skeletal muscle health and diseases., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2024
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31. Predictors of hip fracture in 15 European countries: a longitudinal study of 48,533 geriatric adults using SHARE dataset.

Author: Hussain MA, Qaisar R, Karim A, Ahmad F, Franzese F, Awad A, Al-Masri AA, Alsaeed M, and Alkahtani SA
Subjects: Humans, Female, Male, Aged, Europe epidemiology, Risk Factors, Middle Aged, Longitudinal Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Hand Strength, Depression epidemiology, Sex Factors, Comorbidity, Hip Fractures epidemiology
Abstract: We investigated the risk factors for hip fracture in 48,533 European older adults for 8 years from 2013 onward. We identified female gender, age above 80, low handgrip strength, and depression as significant risk factors for hip fracture. Our findings may help identify high-risk populations for hip fractures in pre-clinical settings., Objectives: Hip fracture is a major cause of functional disability, mortality, and health costs. However, the identification and characterization of its causative factors remain poor., Methods: We investigated demography, handgrip strength (HGS), depression, and multiple age-associated comorbidities for predicting future hip fracture in individuals aged 50 or above from 15 European countries (n = 48,533). All participants were evaluated from 2013 to 2020 using four successive waves of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)., Results: Altogether, 1130 participants developed hip fractures during the study period. We identified female gender, an advancing age from quinquagenarians onward, and a poor socioeconomic status as critical risk factors for future hip fracture. Having mobility difficulty, a low HGS (< 27 kg in men, < 16 kg in women) and higher scores on Euro-D depression scales were also significant risk factors for hip fracture. Summated scales of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke did not appear as risk factors., Conclusion: Collectively, we report advancing age, female gender, low HGS, and depression as independent risk factors for hip fracture. Our findings are useful in identifying high-risk populations for hip fractures in pre-clinical settings before rigorous evaluation and treatment in clinics., (© 2024. International Osteoporosis Foundation and Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation.)
Published: 2024
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32. Plasma levels of Neurofilament light chain correlate with handgrip strength and sarcopenia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Author: Qaisar R, Hussain S, Burki A, Karim A, Muhammad T, and Ahmad F
Subjects: Humans, Aged, Male, Middle Aged, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive physiopathology, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive blood, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive complications, Hand Strength, Sarcopenia blood, Sarcopenia etiology, Sarcopenia diagnosis, Sarcopenia physiopathology, Neurofilament Proteins blood, Biomarkers blood
Abstract: Background: Age-associated muscle decline, termed sarcopenia, is a common systemic effect of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Circulating Neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels reflect neuronal degradation and may be relevant to sarcopenia phenotype. However, such an association in COPD patients remains elusive., Methods: We investigated male, 60-76 years old controls (n = 50) and COPD patients (n = 139) for plasma NfL levels in relation to sarcopenia and physical capacity markers. We measured handgrip strength (HGS), body composition, and short physical performance battery (SPPB) to evaluate sarcopenia and physical capacity., Results: COPD patients had higher plasma NfL and lower HGS and SPPB performance than controls. Plasma NfL levels demonstrated negative associations with HGS and gait speed in COPD patients (all p < 0.05). Further, NfL levels were negatively associated with total SPPB scores in controls and patients with advanced COPD (p < 0.05). Plasma NfL also demonstrated an acceptable accuracy in diagnosing sarcopenia in controls (AUC = 0.757, p < 0.05) and COPD (AUC = 0.806, p < 0.05) patients., Conclusion: Collectively, plasma NfL may be helpful in evaluating sarcopenia phenotype and physical capacity in geriatric patients with COPD., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Japanese Respiratory Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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33. Resistance Exercise Reduces Sarcopenia by Repairing Leaky Gut in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease.

Author: Qaisar R, Iqbal MS, Karim A, and Ahmad F
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Aged, Prospective Studies, Protein Precursors blood, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Biomarkers blood, Sarcopenia etiology, Sarcopenia physiopathology, Sarcopenia prevention & control, Sarcopenia blood, Resistance Training, Alzheimer Disease blood, Alzheimer Disease physiopathology, Haptoglobins metabolism, Hand Strength, Claudin-3 blood
Abstract: Purpose: Sarcopenia or age-associated muscle loss is common in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have previously demonstrated the contribution of a leaky gut to sarcopenia in AD. Here, we asked whether resistant exercise (RE) reduces the sarcopenia phenotype by repairing intestinal leakage in patients with AD., Method: A prospective, single-center study of older adults, including healthy controls and patients with AD (n = 44-51/group), was conducted to measure plasma zonulin and claudin-3 (markers of intestinal leakage), handgrip strength (HGS), and short physical performance battery (SPPB) as a measure of functional capacity. Measurements in patients with AD were performed at baseline and after 12 weeks of RE., Results: At baseline, patients with AD had higher plasma zonulin and claudin-3 and lower HGS, gait speed, and SPPB scores than controls. RE reduced plasma zonulin and claudin-3 levels and improved HGS, SPPB scores, and gait speed. Regression analysis revealed robust relationships between changes in plasma zonulin and claudin-3 with HGS. Plasma zonulin was also positively associated with SPPB scores. In addition, RE downregulated plasma markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the prevalence of sarcopenia based on low HGS and muscle atrophy or low SPPB was not affected by RE., Conclusion: Taken together, disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier may contribute to functional decline and sarcopenia in AD, which is incompletely recovered by RE. Circulating levels of zonulin and claudin-3 may be valuable in predicting sarcopenia and functional capacity in older adults with AD., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
Published: 2024
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34. Metformin Improves Sarcopenia-Related Quality of Life in Geriatric Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: Qaisar R, Karim A, Muhammad T, Iqbal MS, and Ahmad F
Subjects: Humans, Aged, Male, Double-Blind Method, Haptoglobins metabolism, C-Reactive Protein metabolism, Protein Precursors blood, Aged, 80 and over, Metformin therapeutic use, Metformin administration & dosage, Sarcopenia drug therapy, Quality of Life, Hand Strength
Abstract: Objectives: Metformin protects against age-related muscle decline, termed sarcopenia. However, the effects on sarcopenia quality-of-life (SarQoL) are unknown. We investigated the effects of metformin on SarQoL and associated mechanisms in older adults., Method: This double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled trial included geriatric adult men, divided into non-sarcopenic controls (age = 72.2 ± 4.3 years, n = 52) and two groups of patients with sarcopenia randomized into placebo (age at baseline = 74.4 ± 5.7 years, n = 54) and metformin (age at baseline = 71.2 ± 3.9 years, n = 47) groups. Patients in the metformin group received 1.7 grams twice daily for four months. We evaluated SarQoL, handgrip strength (HGS), plasma zonulin, c-reactive protein (CRP), and 8-isoprostanes., Results: Patients with sarcopenia had lower HGS and SarQoL than controls (both p <0.05). Metformin improved the HGS and the SarQoL domains related to physical and mental health, locomotion, and leisure activities, as well as cumulative SarQoL scores (all p <0.05). Metformin also prevented the decline in the SarQoL domains for functionality and fear. Among plasma biomarkers, metformin reduced the levels of zonulin, CRP, 8-isoprostanes, and creatine kinase. We also found a significant correlation of plasma zonulin with cumulative SarQoL in patients with sarcopenia taking metformin, suggesting a role for intestinal repair in improving SarQoL. Finally, metformin did not affect body composition and gait speed., Conclusion: Overall, metformin improved HGS and SarQoL by repairing intestinal leakage. Our data have clinical relevance for improving the quality of life in older adults with sarcopenia., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
Published: 2024
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35. Probiotics Supplements Improve the Sarcopenia-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults with Age-Related Muscle Decline.

Author: Qaisar R, Burki A, Karim A, Iqbal MS, and Ahmad F
Subjects: Humans, Aged, Male, Dietary Supplements, Hand Strength physiology, Muscle, Skeletal drug effects, Activities of Daily Living, Aging physiology, Aged, 80 and over, Probiotics therapeutic use, Probiotics administration & dosage, Quality of Life, Sarcopenia
Abstract: A pathological increase in intestinal leak is implicated in age-associated muscle loss, termed sarcopenia, and reduced sarcopenia-related quality-of-life (SarQoL). However, the potential therapies remain elusive. We investigated the effects of probiotic supplementation on sarcopenia and SarQoL in geriatric older adults. We randomized sarcopenic men into placebo (age = 71.4 ± 3.9 years, n = 63) and probiotic (age = 73 ± 4.1 years, n = 60) groups for 16 weeks. The probiotic used was one capsule daily of Vivomix 112 billion for 16 weeks. We measured sarcopenia parameters of handgrip strength (HGS) and skeletal mass index (SMI), plasma zonulin (marker of the intestinal leak), and SarQoL using a targeted questionnaire. Probiotics improved the SarQoL scores for locomotion, functionality, and activities of daily living and prevented a decline in cumulative SarQoL observed in the placebo group (all p < 0.05). Probiotic supplementation also reduced plasma zonulin and marker of systemic bacterial load. These changes were accompanied by an increase in HGS and maintenance of gait speed in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations of cumulative SarQoL scores with plasma zonulin and HGS in the probiotic group. Collectively, probiotics improved SarQoL and HGS by repairing pathological intestinal leak. Future studies may further dissect the relation between intestinal leak and SarQoL in older adults taking probiotics., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2024
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36. Retinal vascular changes and arterial stiffness during 8-month isolation and confinement: the SIRIUS-21 space analog mission.

Author: Elmoselhi AB, Shankhwar V, Qaisar R, Hamoudi R, Brix B, Salon A, and Goswami N
Abstract: Introduction: Isolation and confinement are significant stressors during space travel that can impact crewmembers' physical and mental health. Space travel has been shown to accelerate vascular aging and increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. However, the effect of prolonged isolation and confinement on microvascular function has not yet been thoroughly investigated., Methods: Retinal vascular imaging was conducted on four crewmembers during- and post-8-month SIRIUS-21 space analog mission. Central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE), central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE), and arteriovenous ratio (AVR) were measured. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), an indicator of arterial stiffness, was also measured., Results: Data from 4 participants was analyzed. These participants had a mean age of 34.75 ± 5.44 years, height of 170.00 ± 2.00 cm, weight of 74.50 ± 12.53 kg, and average BMI of 25.47 ± 3.94 kg/m 2 . During- and post-isolation, average CRVE showed an upward trend (Pearson's r 0.784, R-square 0.62), suggesting a dilation of retinal venules, while AVR showed a downward trend (Pearson's r -0.238, R-square 0.057), which is suggestive of a higher risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular dysfunctions. But neither of these trends were statistically significant. Additionally, the average PWV showed an upward trend during- and after-isolation across all crew members., Conclusion: Isolation and confinement appear to contribute towards retinal vascular damage and arterial stiffness. This cautiously suggests an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders due to the contribution of the isolation in space flight. Further studies are needed to confirm and expand on these results as we prepare for future manned missions to the Moon and Mars., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elmoselhi, Shankhwar, Qaisar, Hamoudi, Brix, Salon and Goswami.)
Published: 2024
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37. Lipid-Lowering Medications are Associated with Reduced Sarcopenia-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults with Hyperlipidemia.

Author: Qaisar R, Khan IM, Karim A, Muhammad T, and Ahmad F
Subjects: Humans, Male, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Case-Control Studies, Hand Strength, Aged, 80 and over, Hypolipidemic Agents therapeutic use, Hypolipidemic Agents administration & dosage, Agrin, Sarcopenia drug therapy, Quality of Life, Hyperlipidemias drug therapy, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors therapeutic use
Abstract: Purpose: Statins medications negatively affect age-associated loss of muscle mass and strength, termed sarcopenia, and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) integrity. However, their association with the sarcopenia-related-quality-of-life (SarQoL) is unknown., Methods: In this cross-sectional, case control study, we recruited male nonusers (n = 75 and age 75.2 ± 5.9 years) and users (n = 77 and age 77.1 ± 6.2 years) of statins to evaluate SarQoL and handgrip strength (HGS). We also measured plasma C-terminal agrin fragment-22 (CAF22) as a marker of NMJ degradation., Results: Statin users had higher CAF22, and lower HGS, and cumulative SarQoL scores than non-users (all p < 0.05). Plasma CAF22 exhibited negative correlations with SarQoL scores for physical and mental health, locomotion, functionality, activities-of-daily-living, and cumulative SarQoL in statins users and non-users (all p < 0.05). Lastly, the cumulative SarQoL scores exhibited positive associations with HGS and gait speed in the study participants (all p < 0.05)., Conclusions: Collectively, statin usage was associated with NMJ degradation and reduced SarQoL. Statins should be cautiously prescribed in patients with sarcopenia with reduced QoL., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
Published: 2024
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38. Biomarkers of Physical and Mental Health for Prediction of Parkinson's Disease: A Population-Based Study from 15 European Countries.

Author: Hussain MA, Qaisar R, Karim A, Ahmad F, Franzese F, Alsaad SM, Al-Masri AA, and Alkahtani SA
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Aged, Mental Health, Hand Strength, Europe epidemiology, Biomarkers, Parkinson Disease diagnosis, Parkinson Disease epidemiology, Parkinson Disease complications, Frailty complications, Alzheimer Disease, Hypertension
Abstract: Objectives: Early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is critical for optimal treatment. However, the predictive potential of physical and mental health in PD is poorly characterized., Methods: We evaluated the potential of multiple demographic, physical, and mental factors in predicting the future onset of PD in older adults aged 50 years or older from 15 European countries. Individual study participants were followed over four waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) from 2013-2020., Results: Of 57,980 study participants, 442 developed PD during the study period. We identified male sex and advancing age from the sixth decade of life onward as significant predictors of future PD. Among physical factors, a low handgrip strength (HGS; men <27 kg, women <16 kg), being bothered by frailty, and recent falls were significantly associated with future PD. Among mental factors, a higher depression (Euro-D depression score >6) emerged as an independent predictor of future PD. Finally, the presence of hypertension or Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases the risk of future PD., Conclusions: Altogether, male sex, advancing age, low HGS, frailty, depression, hypertension, and AD were identified as critical risk factors for future PD. Our results may be useful in the early identification and treatment of populations at risk for PD., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
Published: 2024
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39. Pharmacological inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress mitigates osteoporosis in a mouse model of hindlimb suspension.

Author: Al-Daghestani H, Qaisar R, Al Kawas S, Ghani N, Rani KGA, Azeem M, Hasnan HK, Kassim NK, and Samsudin AR
Subjects: Mice, Male, Animals, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Hindlimb Suspension, Osteoporosis drug therapy, Butylamines
Abstract: Hindlimb suspension (HLS) mice exhibit osteoporosis of the hindlimb bones and may be an excellent model to test pharmacological interventions. We investigated the effects of inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress with 4-phenyl butyrate (4-PBA) on the morphology, physicochemical properties, and bone turnover markers of hindlimbs in HLS mice. We randomly divided 21 male C57BL/6J mice into three groups, ground-based controls, untreated HLS group and 4-PBA treated group (HLS+4PBA) (100mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal) for 21 days. We investigated histopathology, micro-CT imaging, Raman spectroscopic analysis, and gene expression. Untreated HLS mice exhibited reduced osteocyte density, multinucleated osteoclast-like cells, adipocyte infiltration, and reduced trabecular striations on micro-CT than the control group. Raman spectroscopy revealed higher levels of ER stress, hydroxyproline, non-collagenous proteins, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and CH 2 Wag as well as a reduction in proteoglycans and adenine. Furthermore, bone alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin were downregulated, while Cathepsin K, TRAP, and sclerostin were upregulated. Treatment with 4-PBA partially restored normal bone histology, increased collagen crosslinking, and mineralization, promoted anti-inflammatory markers, and downregulated bone resorption markers. Our findings suggest that mitigating ER stress with 4-PBA could be a therapeutic intervention to offset osteoporosis in conditions mimicking hindlimb suspension., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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40. Enhancing microbial diversity as well as multi-organ health in hind-limb unloaded mice.

Author: Shama S, Ranade AV, Qaisar R, Khan NA, Tauseef I, Elmoselhi A, and Siddiqui R
Subjects: Mice, Male, Animals, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Culture Media, Conditioned, Prospective Studies, Gastrointestinal Microbiome genetics, Cyanobacteria
Abstract: During space travel, the gut microbiota is changed which can lead to health-related issues. Previously, we utilized the hind-limb unloaded (HU) mouse, which is an established ground-based in-vivo model of microgravity and observed altered gut microbiota. In this study, we evaluated the beneficial effects of novel bacterial conditioned media in HU mice to understand if they can offset the effects of unloading in the HU mouse model. We aimed to explore the influence of bacterial conditioned media on diversity and quantity of intestinal microbes in HU mice, and investigated the microarchitecture of mice retinas and kidneys to evaluate the potential systemic effects of bacterial conditioned media in HU mice. Four-month-old, male C57/Bl6 mice were separated into groups: including the ground-based control group, the HU group mice fed with vehicle as placebo (HU-placebo mice), and the HU group fed with bacterial conditioned media (HU-CP mice) and kept under controlled environmental conditions for three weeks. Next, mice were sacrificed; gut dissections were conducted, and metagenomic analysis of bacterial species was performed via DNA extraction and 16S rRNA analysis. The results revealed an HU-induced reduction in intestinal microbial diversity, and an increase in pathogenic bacteria dominated by Firmicutes (45%). In contrast, supplementation with bacterial conditioned media for three weeks led to a significant increase in gut microbial diversity with noticeable changes in the OTUs abundance in the HU mice. Additionally, HU-induced muscle weakness and structural abnormalities in the retina and kidney were partially prevented with bacterial conditioned media. Moreover, a greater diversity of several bacteria in the HU-CP was observed including, Bacteriodota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actionobacteriota, Verrucomicorbiota, Cyanobacteria, Gemmatimonadota, Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi, Myxococcota, and others. Prospective research involving molecular mechanistic studies are needed to comprehend the systemic effects of bacterial metabolites conditioned media on experimental animal models under chronic stress., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that there are no conflict on interests., (Copyright © 2023 The Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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41. Butyrate supplementation reduces sarcopenia by repairing neuromuscular junction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Author: Qaisar R, Karim A, Muhammad T, and Ahmad F
Subjects: Humans, Hand Strength physiology, Butyrates, Neuromuscular Junction, Dietary Supplements, Sarcopenia etiology, Sarcopenia prevention & control, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive complications, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive drug therapy
Abstract: Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with an intestinal leak and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) degradation, which contributes to physical compromise and accelerated age-related muscle loss, called sarcopenia. However, the relevant interventions partly remain ineffective. We investigated the effects of exogenous butyrate on sarcopenia and physical capacity with relevance to intestinal permeability and NMJ integrity in COPD patients., Methods: COPD patients were randomized into placebo (n = 67) and butyrate (n = 64) groups in a double-blind manner. The patients in the butyrate group received one 300 mg capsule a day for 12 weeks. We measured circulating markers of intestinal leak (zonulin), systemic bacterial load (LBP), and NMJ loss (CAF22), along with handgrip strength (HGS), and short physical performance battery (SPPB) at baseline and 12 weeks., Results: Butyrate supplementation improved HGS and gait speed in COPD patients. Among SPPB indices, butyrate improved the ability to maintain postural balance and walking and prevented a decline in the ability to rise from a chair. Butyrate also reduced the plasma levels of zonulin, LBP, and CAF22 levels in COPD patients (all p < 0.05). Regression analysis revealed significant associations of plasma zonulin and CAF22 with HGS, gait speed, and cumulative SPPB scores in butyrate group. These changes were associated with reduced markers of inflammation and muscle damage., Conclusion: Butyrate may provide a therapeutic approach to sarcopenia and physical dependency in COPD by repairing intestinal leak and NMJ loss., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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42. Cardiovascular changes under the microgravity environment and the gut microbiome.

Author: Siddiqui R, Qaisar R, Al-Dahash K, Altelly AH, Elmoselhi AB, and Khan NA
Subjects: Humans, Astronauts, Heart, Weightlessness adverse effects, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Space Flight
Abstract: In view of the critical role the gut microbiome plays in human health, it has become clear that astronauts' gut microbiota composition changes after spending time in space. Astronauts are exposed to several risks in space, including a protracted period of microgravity, radiation, and mechanical unloading of the body. Several deleterious effects of such an environment are reported, including orthostatic intolerance, cardiovascular endothelial dysfunction, cellular and molecular changes, and changes in the composition of the gut microbiome. Herein, the correlation between the gut microbiome and cardiovascular disease in a microgravity environment is evaluated. Additionally, the relationship between orthostatic hypotension, cardiac shrinkage and arrhythmias during spaceflight, and cellular alterations during spaceflight is reviewed. Given its impact on human health in general, modifying the gut microbiota may significantly promote astronaut health and performance. This is merited, given the prospect of augmented human activities in future space missions., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that there are no conflict on interests., (Copyright © 2023 The Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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43. A leaky gut contributes to reduced sarcopenia-related quality of life (SarQoL) in geriatric older adults.

Author: Qaisar R, Iqbal MS, Karim A, Muhammad T, and Ahmad F
Subjects: Male, Humans, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Activities of Daily Living, Reproducibility of Results, Hand Strength, Surveys and Questionnaires, Quality of Life psychology, Sarcopenia diagnosis
Abstract: Purpose: The sarcopenia quality-of-life (SarQoL) questionnaire is designed to evaluate the quality of life of sarcopenic patients. A pathological increase in intestinal permeability leads to several systemic diseases, but its contribution to SarQoL is unknown., Methods: We recruited controls (n = 84, age = 74.6 ± 4.9 years) and sarcopenic (n = 55, age = 76.1 ± 4.2 years) men for validating and adapting a Pashto version of SarQoL. We measured the scores for seven domains of SarQoL, body composition, and handgrip strength (HGS). We also measured plasma zonulin as a marker of increased intestinal permeability., Results: The Pashto SarQoL exhibited adequate discriminative ability, construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability, without exhibiting the floor and ceiling effect. Sarcopenic patients had higher plasma zonulin and lower scores on SarQoL domains for physical and mental health, locomotion, body composition, functionality, activities of daily living, leisure, and fear, and cumulative SarQoL scores than controls. Plasma zonulin exhibited significant coefficients of determination with Pashto SarQoL domains for locomotion (r 2 = 0.217), functionality (r 2 = 0.101), activities of daily living (r 2 = 0.302), and cumulative SarQoL scores (r 2 = 0.168). We also found high efficacies of zonulin in diagnosing low scores for functionality (AUC = 0.785, 95% C.I = 0.708-0.863), activities of daily living (AUC = 0.785, 95% C.I = 0.708-0.863), and cumulative SarQoL scores (AUC = 0.821, 95% C.I = 0.751-0.891)., Conclusion: Altogether, SarQoL appears reliable in measuring the quality of life in sarcopenic patients. A leaky gut has a potential contribution to reduced SarQoL in sarcopenia., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
Published: 2024
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44. Towards Understanding the Development of Breast Cancer: The Role of RhoJ in the Obesity Microenvironment.

Author: Bou Malhab LJ, Nair VA, Qaisar R, Pintus G, and Abdel-Rahman WM
Subjects: Animals, Female, Humans, Mice, Adipokines, Adiposity, Tumor Microenvironment, Breast Neoplasms etiology, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Obesity complications, rho GTP-Binding Proteins genetics, rho GTP-Binding Proteins metabolism
Abstract: Obesity is a growing pandemic with an increasing risk of inducing different cancer types, including breast cancer. Adipose tissue is proposed to be a major player in the initiation and progression of breast cancer in obese people. However, the mechanistic link between adipogenicity and tumorigenicity in breast tissues is poorly understood. We used in vitro and in vivo approaches to investigate the mechanistic relationship between obesity and the onset and progression of breast cancer. In obesity, adipose tissue expansion and remodeling are associated with increased inflammatory mediator's release and anti-inflammatory mediators' reduction.. In order to mimic the obesity micro-environment, we cultured cells in an enriched pro-inflammatory cytokine medium to which we added a low concentration of beneficial adipokines. Epithelial cells exposed to the obesity micro-environment were phenotypically transformed into mesenchymal-like cells, characterized by an increase in different mesenchymal markers and the acquisition of the major hallmarks of cancerous cells; these include sustained DNA damage, the activation of the ATR-Chk2 pathway, an increase in proliferation rate, cell invasion, and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that several genes, including RhoJ, CCL7, and MMP9, acted as potential major players in the observed phenomenon. The transcriptomics findings were confirmed in vitro using qRT-PCR and in vivo using high-fat-diet-fed mice. Our data suggests RhoJ as a potential novel molecular driver of tumor development in breast tissues and a mediator of cell resistance to conventional chemotherapy through PAK1 activation. These data propose that RhoJ is a potential target for therapeutic interventions in obese breast cancer patients.
Published: 2024
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45. Nanoparticle-delivered quercetin exhibits enhanced efficacy in eliminating iron-overloaded senescent chondrocytes.

Author: Karim A, Qaisar R, Suresh S, Jagal J, and Rawas-Qalaji M
Subjects: Humans, Osteoarthritis drug therapy, Osteoarthritis pathology, Cell Survival drug effects, Particle Size, Ferric Compounds chemistry, Ferric Compounds pharmacology, Cell Line, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds chemistry, Iron chemistry, Iron metabolism, Cell Cycle drug effects, Quercetin pharmacology, Quercetin chemistry, Quercetin administration & dosage, Chondrocytes drug effects, Chondrocytes metabolism, Cellular Senescence drug effects, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Apoptosis drug effects, Nanoparticles chemistry
Abstract: Aim: The therapeutic potential of senolytic drugs in osteoarthritis (OA) is poorly known. Quercetin, a senolytic agent exhibits promising potential to treat OA, having limited bioavailability. We investigated the effects of Quercetin-loaded nanoparticles (Q-NP) with enhanced bioavailability in human chondrocytes mimicking OA phenotype. Materials & methods: The C-20/A4 chondrocytes were exposed to ferric ammonium citrate to induce OA phenotype, followed by treatment with free Quercetin/Q-NP for 24 and 48-h. Q-NP were synthesized by nanoprecipitation method. Following treatment chondrocytes were assessed for drug cellular bioavailability, viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, oxidative stress and expression of key senescence markers. Results: Q-NP exhibited 120.1 ± 1.2 nm particle size, 81 ± 2.4% encapsulation efficiency, increased cellular bioavailability and selective apoptosis of senescent chondrocytes compared with free Quercetin. Q-NP treatment also induced oxidative stress and reduced the expressions of senescence markers, including TRB3, p16, p62 and p21 suggesting their ability to eliminate senescent cells. Last, Q-NP arrested the cell cycle in the sub-G0 phase, potentially creating a beneficial environment for tissue repair. Conclusion: Q-NP propose a promising delivery system for treating OA by eliminating senescent chondrocytes through apoptosis. Furthermore, their enhanced cellular bioavailability and capacity to modify cell cycle and senescent pathways warrant further investigations.
Published: 2024
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46. Serum multi-omics analysis in hindlimb unloading mice model: Insights into systemic molecular changes and potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers.

Author: Ibrahim Z, Khan NA, Qaisar R, Saleh MA, Siddiqui R, Al-Hroub HM, Giddey AD, Semreen MH, Soares NC, and Elmoselhi AB
Abstract: Microgravity, in space travel and prolonged bed rest conditions, induces cardiovascular deconditioning along with skeletal muscle mass loss and weakness. The findings of microgravity research may also aid in the understanding and treatment of human health conditions on Earth such as muscle atrophy, and cardiovascular diseases. Due to the paucity of biomarkers and the unknown underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular and skeletal muscle deconditioning in these environments, there are insufficient diagnostic and preventative measures. In this study, we employed hindlimb unloading (HU) mouse model, which mimics astronauts in space and bedridden patients, to first evaluate cardiovascular and skeletal muscle function, followed by proteomics and metabolomics LC-MS/MS-based analysis using serum samples. Three weeks of unloading caused changes in the function of the cardiovascular system in c57/Bl6 mice, as seen by a decrease in mean arterial pressure and heart weight. Unloading for three weeks also changed skeletal muscle function, causing a loss in grip strength in HU mice and atrophy of skeletal muscle indicated by a reduction in muscle mass. These modifications were partially reversed by a two-week recovery period of reloading condition, emphasizing the significance of the recovery process. Proteomics analysis revealed 12 dysregulated proteins among the groups, such as phospholipid transfer protein, Carbonic anhydrase 3, Parvalbumin alpha, Major urinary protein 20 (Mup20), Thrombospondin-1, and Apolipoprotein C-IV. On the other hand, metabolomics analysis showed altered metabolites among the groups such as inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthosine, sphinganine, l-valine, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol, and l-Glutamic acid. The joint data analysis revealed that HU conditions mainly impacted pathways such as ABC transporters, complement and coagulation cascades, nitrogen metabolism, and purine metabolism. Overall, our results indicate that microgravity environment induces significant alterations in the function, proteins, and metabolites of these mice. These observations suggest the potential utilization of these proteins and metabolites as novel biomarkers for assessing and mitigating cardiovascular and skeletal muscle deconditioning associated with such conditions., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)
Published: 2023
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47. Targeting neuromuscular junction to treat neuromuscular disorders.

Author: Qaisar R
Subjects: Mice, Animals, Humans, Neuromuscular Junction physiology, Synapses physiology, Muscle, Skeletal, Neuromuscular Diseases drug therapy, Muscular Diseases
Abstract: The integrity and preservation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the interface between the motor neuron and skeletal muscle, is critical for maintaining a healthy skeletal muscle. The structural and/or functional defects in the three cellular components of NMJ, namely the pre-synaptic terminal, synaptic cleft, and post-synaptic region, negatively affect skeletal muscle mass and/or strength. Therefore, NMJ repair appears to be an appropriate therapy for muscle disorders. Mouse models provide a detailed molecular characterization of various cellular components of NMJ with relevance to human diseases. This review discusses different molecular targets on the three cellular components of NMJ for treating muscle diseases. The potential effects of these therapies on NMJ morphology and motor performance, their therapeutic efficacy, and clinical relevance are discussed. Collectively, the available data supports targeting NMJ alone or as an adjunct therapy in treating muscle disorders. However, the potential impact of such interventions on human patients with muscle disorders requires further investigation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The author declares no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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48. Time-related changes in the knowledge of HIV/AIDS among followers of various religions in India.

Author: Khalid A, Qaisar R, Ahmad F, Hussain MA, and Karim A
Subjects: Male, Humans, Female, Adolescent, Young Adult, Adult, Middle Aged, HIV, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Religion, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome epidemiology, HIV Infections epidemiology
Abstract: Background: The public knowledge levels about Human Immunodeficiency-Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) have been assessed in previous studies; however, time-related trends in association with socio-demographic standards among the followers of major religions in India are not known., Objectives: We assessed the 2005-06, 2015-16, and 2019-21 demographic and health survey (DHS) data from India to investigate trends in the levels of knowledge of HIV/AIDS among Hindus, Muslims, and Christians in relation to standard socio-demographic variables over a period of 16 years., Methods: The age range of the population was 15-54 years (n=611,821). The HIV/AIDS-related knowledge was assessed by developing a composite index based on ten questions about several aspects of HIV/AIDS, such as the mode of spread. We applied Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests to investigate whether people had heard about HIV/AIDS and their overall HIV knowledge in relation to several socio-demographic standards., Results: Generally, a higher increase in knowledge level was found between the first and second DHS surveys (2006-2016) as compared to between the second and third DHS surveys (2016-2021). We found the highest increase in the level of HIV/AIDS knowledge among Christian women followed by Hindus, whereas Muslims had the least increase over 16 years. Being a female, uneducated, poor, previously married, or having rural residence were associated with the highest increase in the knowledge of HIV/AIDS., Conclusion: Christian women had the highest increase in HIV/AIDS-related knowledge then came Christian men and followers of other religions. We also found the highest increase in HIV/AIDS-related knowledge among the poorest, uneducated, and rural residents. Our findings may help formulate public health strategies targeting various less knowledgeable groups to reduce the incidence of HIV/AIDS., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2023 Khalid A et al.)
Published: 2023
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49. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Restore Skeletal Muscle in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Author: Qaisar R, Kamli H, Karim A, Muhammad T, Ahmad F, and Shaikh A
Subjects: Humans, Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists therapeutic use, Hand Strength, Muscle Strength physiology, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Muscle, Skeletal, Antihypertensive Agents, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive complications, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive drug therapy, Sarcopenia, Hypertension
Abstract: Background: Age-related muscle decline, called sarcopenia, and hypertension are commonly observed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are common antihypertensive medications with muscle protective effects. However, the anti-sarcopenic potential and associated mechanisms of ARBs in hypertensive patients with COPD are unknown., Objectives: We aimed to investigate the potential contribution of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) stability as a driving mechanism of ARBs-induced muscle protection., Methods: We categorized 236 patients with COPD into normotensive (n = 79) and hypertensive, based on treatment with ARB (n = 82), and other antihypertensive drugs (n = 75). Hypertensive patients with COPD were evaluated at two time points one year apart. Handgrip strength (HGS), body composition, short physical performance battery (SPPB), and plasma c-terminal agrin fragment-22 (CAF22) as a marker of NMJ degradation were measured., Results: Patients with COPD exhibited reduced HGS and SPPB scores, and higher levels of CAF22 than controls, regardless of hypertension status. ARBs treatment improved HGS and gait speed and reduced plasma CAF22 levels in hypertensive patients with COPD (all p <0.05). ARBs also prevented the decline in SPPB components, including maintaining balance, gait speed, and the ability to rise from a chair in hypertensive patients with COPD (all p <0.05). We also found dynamic associations of plasma CAF22 with HGS, gait speed, and SPPB scores in hypertensive patients with COPD., Conclusions: Altogether, ARB treatment preserves skeletal muscle health and functional capacity in hypertensive patients with COPD by reducing plasma CAF22 and possibly repairing NMJs., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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50. GSK-3α aggravates inflammation, metabolic derangement, and cardiac injury post-ischemia/reperfusion.

Author: Ahmad F, Marzook H, Gupta A, Aref A, Patil K, Khan AA, Saleh MA, Koch WJ, Woodgett JR, and Qaisar R
Subjects: Mice, Animals, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3, Interleukin-17 metabolism, Myocytes, Cardiac metabolism, NF-kappa B metabolism, Hypoxia metabolism, Reperfusion, Inflammation metabolism, Glutathione metabolism, NLR Proteins metabolism, Fatty Acids metabolism, Fatty Acids pharmacology, Apoptosis, Reperfusion Injury metabolism, Myocardial Infarction genetics, Myocardial Infarction metabolism, Coronary Artery Disease metabolism
Abstract: Reperfusion after acute myocardial infarction further exaggerates cardiac injury and adverse remodeling. Irrespective of cardiac cell types, loss of specifically the α isoform of the protein kinase GSK-3 is protective in chronic cardiac diseases. However, the role of GSK-3α in clinically relevant ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced cardiac injury is unknown. Here, we challenged cardiomyocyte-specific conditional GSK-3α knockout (cKO) and littermate control mice with I/R injury and investigated the underlying molecular mechanism using an in vitro GSK-3α gain-of-function model in AC16 cardiomyocytes post-hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Analysis revealed a significantly lower percentage of infarct area in the cKO vs. control hearts post-I/R. Consistent with in vivo findings, GSK-3α overexpression promoted AC16 cardiomyocyte death post-H/R which was accompanied by an induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Consistently, GSK-3α gain-of-function caused mitochondrial dysfunction by significantly suppressing mitochondrial membrane potential. Transcriptomic analysis of GSK-3α overexpressing cardiomyocytes challenged with hypoxia or H/R revealed that NOD-like receptor (NLR), TNF, NF-κB, IL-17, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways were among the most upregulated pathways. Glutathione and fatty acid metabolism were among the top downregulated pathways post-H/R. Together, these observations suggest that loss of cardiomyocyte-GSK-3α attenuates cardiac injury post-I/R potentially through limiting the myocardial inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and metabolic derangement. Therefore, selective inhibition of GSK-3α may provide beneficial effects in I/R-induced cardiac injury and remodeling. KEY MESSAGES: GSK-3α promotes cardiac injury post-ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). GSK-3α regulates inflammatory and metabolic pathways post-hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). GSK-3α overexpression upregulates NOD-like receptor (NLR), TNF, NF-kB, IL-17, and MAPK signaling pathways in cardiomyocytes post-H/R. GSK-3α downregulates glutathione and fatty acid metabolic pathways in cardiomyocytes post-H/R., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2023
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