79 results on '"Qassim, Raad"'
Search Results
2. Wave energy assessment and wave converter applicability at the Pacific coast of Central America.
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Corrales-Gonzalez, Manuel, Lavidas, George, Lira-Loarca, Andrea, Besio, Giovanni, Assad, Luiz Paulo De Freitas, and Qassim, Raad
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ACOUSTIC Doppler current profiler ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,WAVE energy ,OCEAN wave power ,OCEAN dynamics - Abstract
Nowadays, numerous governments have instituted diverse regulatory frameworks aimed at fostering the assimilation of sustainable energy sources characterized by reduced environmental footprints. Solar, wind, geothermal, and ocean energies were subject to extensive scrutiny, owing to their ecological merits. However, these sources exhibit pronounced temporal fluctuations. Notably, ocean dynamics offer vast energy reservoirs, with oceanic waves containing significant amounts of energy. In the Central American Pacific context, the exploration of wave energy resources is currently underway. Accurate numerical wave models are required for applied studies such as those focused on the estimation of exploitable wave power; and even more so in Central American region of the Pacific Ocean where existing numerical models simulations have so far relied on coarse resolution and limited validation field data. This work presents a high-resolution unstructured wave hindcast over the Central American Pacific region, implemented using the third-generation spectral wave model WAVEWATCH III over the period between 1979 and 2021. The results of the significant wave height have been bias-corrected on the basis of satellite information spanning 2005 to 2015, and further validation was performed using wave buoy and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) records located in the nearshore region of the Central America Pacific coast. After correction and validation of the wave hindcast, we employed the dataset for the evaluation and assessment of wave energy and its possible exploitation using different wave energy converters (WECs). This evaluation addressed the need to diverse the energy portfolio within the exclusive economic zones of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador in a sustainable manner. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis was carried out on the advantages of harnessing wave energy, juxtaposed with the imperative of regulatory frameworks and the current dearth of economic and environmental guidelines requisite for development within the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Ship speed optimisation in green approach to tidal ports
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Nzualo, Teodósio das Neves Milisse, de Oliveira, Charles Emanuel Ferreira, Pérez, Tarik Osiris Angelino, González-Gorbeña, Eduardo, Rosman, Paulo Cesar Colonna, and Qassim, Raad Yahya
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- 2021
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4. Multi-dimensional optimisation of Tidal Energy Converters array layouts considering geometric, economic and environmental constraints
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González-Gorbeña, Eduardo, Qassim, Raad Y., and Rosman, Paulo C.C.
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- 2018
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5. Optimal configuration problem identification of electrical power cable in tidal turbine farm via traveling salesman problem modeling approach
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VARTDAL, Johanne Tomine, QASSIM, Raad Yahya, MOKLIEV, Børge, UDJUS, Guttorm, and GONZÁLEZ-GORBEÑA, Eduardo
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- 2019
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6. Optimisation of hydrokinetic turbine array layouts via surrogate modelling
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González-Gorbeña, Eduardo, Qassim, Raad Y., and Rosman, Paulo C.C.
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- 2016
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7. Optimal boat–barge convoy formation and freight assignment in inland waterways freight transportation
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Qassim, Raad Yahya, Guimarães, Lorena Faria, Moreira, Diana Vieira, Rossetto, Renan Maziero, and Marujo, Lino Guimarães
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- 2017
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8. Real-Time Offshore Supply Vessel Routing Problem with Random Service Requests
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Kovalski, Sidney Augusto, primary and Qassim, Raad Yahya, primary
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- 2022
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9. Assessment of the tidal current energy resource in São Marcos Bay, Brazil
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González-Gorbeña, Eduardo, Rosman, Paulo C. C., and Qassim, Raad Y.
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- 2015
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10. Project acceleration via activity crashing, overlapping, and substitution
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Gerk, Jose Eduardo Vinhaes and Qassim, Raad Yahya
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Industrial project management -- Research ,Project management -- Research ,Production planning -- Methods ,Scheduling (Management) -- Methods ,Business ,Electronics and electrical industries ,Engineering and manufacturing industries - Abstract
It is an established fact that projects are almost always behind schedule. Consequently, there is a great need for the allocation of additional resources with a view to accelerating projects, so as to ensure delivery on the planned date. These resources are obtained from project budget contingency, whose purpose is to foresee and budget for delays arising from disruptions, inaccurate activity time and cost estimates, and resource nonavailability when required for the execution of project activities. This type of problem arises both in the planning phase of a project, particularly in the context of bidding, as well as in ongoing projects, including new product development projects. The research reported in this paper provides a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model for the acceleration of projects, employing the simultaneous crashing, overlapping, and substitution of project activities. In order to ensure convergence, this model is transformed exactly into a mixed-integer linear programming model. The assumptions of the model are presented and discussed with engineering project management practice in mind. Application of the model to four examples of different sizes and nature, three of which are practical cases, demonstrates the efficiency of the model, implemented in commercial optimization software, in solving practical project acceleration problems. Index Terms--Project acceleration, project planning, time--cost tradeoff.
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- 2008
11. On the flow of fluidized suspensions
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Qassim, Raad Yahya
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660 - Abstract
The first part of this work is a study of the flow properties of fluidized beds, which is intended as a contribution to the use of the fluidized technique in the field of solids transport. Experiments were performed on the flow of fluidized beds over inclined planes, under the action of gravity. A method is outlined for the measurement of the point viscosity of a fluidized bed. This avoids the restricting prevalent assumption of a Newtonian continuum for the fluidized bed. Further, this method has the important advantage over others in that there does not exist any interference with the flow conditions prevailing in the bed during measurement. Further, this method is a general one which is applicable to purely viscous non-Newtonian fluids. The results of this study are used in the elucidation of the structure of the fluidized state and in the evaluation of criteria for the existence of stable inhomogeneities in the fluidized bed. The measured point viscosity is related to the voidage of the continuous particulate phase of the bed through the model and this in turn is related to the presence of inhomogeneities, and to the flow distribution of the fluid through the bed. The second part of this work comprises an investigation into the flow of fluidized suspensions through orifices in fluidized and pressurized beds. A Newtonian continuum model is assumed for the solids phase, as it was postulated that in this problem, the solids concentration range is sufficiently high for bubbles to be assumed absent. This continuum model is, in fact, general and it can be applied to various flow configurations.
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- 1970
12. Optimal configuration problem identification of electrical power cable in tidal turbine farm via traveling salesman problem modeling approach
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Vartdal, Johanne T., Qassim, Raad Y., Mokliev, Børge, Udjus, Guttorm, and G-Gorbeña, Eduardo
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Tidalcurrent energy ,Traveling salesman problem ,Cablecollector hub ,Tidal turbine cable routing problem ,Optimizatio - Abstract
Electrical power cables in tidal turbine farms contribute a significant share to capital expenditure (CAPEX). As a result, the routing of electrical power cables connecting turbines to cable collector hubs must be designed so as to obtain the least cost configuration. This is referred to as a tidal cable routing problem. This problem possesses several variants depending on the number of cable collector hubs. In this paper, these variants are modeled by employing the approach of the single depot multiple traveling salesman problem (mTSP) and the multiple depot mTSP of operational research for the single and multiple cable collector variants, respectively. The developed optimization models are computationally implemented using MATLAB. In the triple cable collector cable hub variant, an optimal solution is obtained, while good-quality suboptimal solutions are obtained in the double and single cable collector hub variants. In practice, multiple cable collector hubs are expected to be employed as the multiple hub configurations tend to be more economic than the single hub configurations. This has been confirmed by this paper for an optimal tidal turbine layout obtained with OpenTidalFarm. Suggestions are presented for future research studies comprising a number of heuristics. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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- 2018
13. Minimum cost safety stocks for frequent delivery manufacturing
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Maia, Luis Otavio Aleotti and Qassim, Raad Yahya
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Inventory control -- Models ,Mathematical models -- Usage ,Mathematical optimization -- Models ,Production planning -- Models ,Business ,Business, international ,Engineering and manufacturing industries - Abstract
The lot-size reduction in production and purchasing intensifies the exposure to stockouts. Material and product safety stocks must be held to prevent production hampering and poor delivery performance to customers. Safety stocks reduce opportunity costs caused by delayed deliveries but significantly increase inventory costs. This paper presents an analytical solution for an optimization model that determines whenever it is preferable to incur inventory or opportunity costs. An application is presented to illustrate the solution. Keywords: Inventory; Optimisation; Safety stock
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- 1999
14. Selection of postharvest technology routes by mixed-integer linear programming
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Maia, Luis Otavio Aleotti, Lago, Regina Araujo, and Qassim, Raad Yahya
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Farm produce -- Protection and preservation ,Crops -- Postharvest technology ,Agricultural processing -- Models ,Agricultural industry -- Quality management ,Business ,Business, international ,Engineering and manufacturing industries - Abstract
A model was developed to help design postharvest technology routes. The mixed-integer linear programming model helps in identifying postharvest technologies in produce cleaning, storage, packaging and aging. This will optimize the characteristics of the produce, the technologies available and manpower requirements in preserving the quality and availability of produce from farms to the consumers.
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- 1997
15. A kaizen budgeting model
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Qassim, Raad Y., Maia, Luis O.A., and Szklo, Andre S.
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Cost accounting -- Models ,Managerial accounting -- Models ,Business, international ,High technology industry ,Science and technology - Abstract
The kaizen budgeting method, as an effective tool for cost management and management accounting, is emerging as the preferred mode in Japanese companies. A quantitative model based on linear programming of the process is discussed. The model is established to assist in determining the distribution channels of kaizen values, such as the plant and process.
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- 1997
16. Optimal configuration problem identification of electrical power cable in tidal turbine farm via traveling salesman problem modeling approach
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VARTDAL, Johanne Tomine, primary, QASSIM, Raad Yahya, additional, MOKLIEV, Børge, additional, UDJUS, Guttorm, additional, and GONZÁLEZ-GORBEÑA, Eduardo, additional
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- 2018
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17. An Optimal Redesign Approach for Optimal Global Supply Chain Redesign: Brazilian Soybean Grain Study
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Lopéz, Juan José Uchuya, primary and Qassim, Raad Yahya, additional
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- 2017
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18. Minimum cost safety stocks for frequent delivery manufacturing
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Otávio Aleotti Maia, Luis and Yahya Qassim, Raad
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- 1999
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19. Application of data envelopment analysis in the performance evaluation of electricity distribution: a review
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Qassim, Raad Yahya, Corso, Gilberto, Lucena, Liacir Dos Santos, and Thome, Zieli Dutra
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Business performance management -- Methods ,Company business management ,Business, international - Abstract
Byline: Raad Yahya Qassim, Gilberto Corso, Liacir dos Santos Lucena, Zieli Dutra Thome The objective of this paper is to review the application of data envelopment analysis to performance evaluation of electricity distribution. After introducing the basic concepts and models of data envelopment analysis, work on its application in electricity distribution is discussed via a number of case studies. Suggestions for further research are presented, with a view to enhancing the use of data envelopment analysis in electrical energy distribution.
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- 2005
20. Supplier base reduction using data envelopment analysis
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Neves, Julio Cesar and Qassim, Raad
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Decision-making -- Management ,Management research -- Analysis ,Company business management ,Business, international - Abstract
Byline: Julio Cesar Neves, Raad Qassim This paper aims to provide a quantitative basis, using data envelopment analysis, for management decision-making with regard to supplier base reduction. After introducing the importance of customersupplier partnerships and the allied reduction in the supplier base, the concepts of the basic single-period data envelopment analysis model are presented. The principal contribution of this work, which is the development of a multiple-period data envelopment analysis model, especially tailored for evaluating supplier performance as a stepping stone for reducing the number of suppliers over the planning horizon, is described. A numerical example is employed to illustrate the application of the model in practice.
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- 2004
21. Environmental management in industry: historical evolution and future perspectives
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Qassim, Raad Y.
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Environmental policy -- Analysis ,Industry -- Environmental policy ,Business, international ,High technology industry ,Science and technology - Abstract
Environmental management is entering its third generation whereby the focus is managing environmental risks in a proactive mode. The first generation is characterized by compliance with existing regulations in a reactionary mode. This is the dominant strategy of most companies. The second generation is characterized by compliance with existing laws and plans to cope with anticipated regulations in a predictive mode.
- Published
- 1994
22. integrated Process Planning and Scheduling and Multimode Resource Constrained Project Scheduling : Ship Block Assembly Application
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Yahya Qassim, Raad
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Technology & Engineering / Industrial Design - Abstract
Integrated Process Planning and Scheduling and Multimode Resource Constrained Project Scheduling: Ship Block Assembly Application
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- 2012
23. The Future of Gaza Project.
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QASSIM, RAAD YAHYA
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ISRAEL-Hamas War, 2023- , *PALESTINIANS - Published
- 2023
24. Influência da presença de parques de conversores de energia hidrocinética no movimento de sedimentos em cenários idealizados da baía de São Marcos, MA
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González-Gorbeña, Eduardo, primary, JUNIOR, GERALDO, additional, Rosman, Paulo, additional, and Qassim, Raad, additional
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- 2015
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25. A Metamodel Simulation Based Optimisation Approach for the Tidal Turbine Location Problem
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Eisenmann, Eduardo González-Gorbeña, primary, Qassim, Raad Yahya, additional, and Rosman, Paulo Cesar Colonna, additional
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- 2014
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26. Process parameter predictionviamarkov models of sub-activities
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Marujo, Lino G., primary and Qassim, Raad Y., additional
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- 2014
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27. An Optimal Investment Model for Single Supplier-Single Customer Partnership Performance Improvement in Shipbuilding Supply Chains
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Raju, Surya Chadra, primary, Marujo, Lino Guimarães, additional, and Qassim, Raad Yahya, additional
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- 2013
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28. Risk-based inspection of flexible pipes using Bayesian updating
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Qassim, Raad Yahya, primary, Matos, Barbara Barbosa, additional, and Netto, Theodoro A., additional
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- 2012
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29. Modelo de custeio baseado em atividades
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Gonçalves Quelhas, Osvaldo Luíz, primary and Yahya Qassim, Raad, additional
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- 2010
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30. Managers need theory to be smooth operators
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Qassim, Raad
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Banking, finance and accounting industries ,Business ,Business, international - Abstract
From Prof Raad Qassim. Sir, I have always admired Lucy Kellaway's down-to earth approach to matters and I find myself in agreement with her opinions. For the first time so [...]
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- 2000
31. Process parameter prediction via markov models of sub-activities.
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Marujo, Lino G. and Qassim, Raad Y.
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PRODUCTION scheduling ,PARAMETER estimation ,PREDICTION theory ,MARKOV processes ,MANUFACTURING processes ,INFORMATION theory - Abstract
This work aims to fill a lacunae in the project-oriented production systems literature providing a formal analytic description of the rework effects formulae and the determination of the extended design time due to a certain degree of overlapping in a pair of activities. It is made through the utilization of concepts of workflow construction with hidden (semi) Markov models theory and establishing a way to disaggregate activities into sub-activities, in order to determine the activity parameters used by the project scheduling techniques. With the aim to make a correlation between the entropy of the state transitions and the probability of changes, the information theory is also used, and the concept of impact caused by the probability of changes is provided. Numerical examples are shown for the purpose to demonstrate the applicability of the concepts developed, and one example of overlapping of two activities is shown. The original contributions of this work are shown on the last section. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2014
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32. Synthesis of utility systems with variable demands using simulated annealing
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Maia, Luís Otávio Aleotti, primary and Qassim, Raad Yahya, additional
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- 1997
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33. A kaizen budgeting model
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Szklo, Andre S., primary, Maia, Luis O.A., additional, and Qassim, Raad Y., additional
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- 1997
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34. Rheological behaviour of processed avocado pulp emulsions
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Freitas, Suely P., primary, Da Silva, Fernando C., additional, Lago, Regina C. A., additional, and Qassim, Raad Y., additional
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- 1996
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35. Application of the Davies—Taylor equation to a large bubble rise in liquid-fluidized beds
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De Oliveira Mendes, Carmen Lucia, primary and Qassim, Raad Yahya, additional
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- 1984
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36. Effect of voidage variation on flow past a fluidisation bubble
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Qassim, Raad Y., primary, Kinrys, Sonia, additional, and Benveniste, Doris Esperança, additional
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- 1989
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37. Effective liquid-phase diffusivity in ion exchange
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Wildhagen, Gloria R. S., primary, Qassim, Raad Y., additional, Rajagopal, Krishnaswamy, additional, and Rahman, Khaliqur, additional
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- 1985
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38. A comparative study of linear programming and nonlinear programming models of the ship speed optimisation problem in maritime transportation
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Oliveira, Charles, primary, Qassim, Raad, additional, and Nzualo, Teod sio, additional
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39. A real-time optimization model for platform supply vehicles routing
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Kovalski, Sidney Augusto, Pinto, Luiz Antonio Vaz, Legey, Luiz Fernando Loureiro, and Qassim, Raad Yahya
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Logística ,Alocação de recursos ,Roteamento de veículos ,Otimização ,ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA NAVAL E OCEANICA::ESTRUTURAS NAVAIS E OCEANICAS [CNPQ] ,Logística offshore - Abstract
Submitted by Paloma Arruda (palomaoliiveira75@gmail.com) on 2021-02-05T16:25:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SidneyAugustoKovalski.pdf: 1567043 bytes, checksum: f6499a9757a6ef85380119e927d6d8a3 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Moreno Barros (moreno@ct.ufrj.br) on 2021-02-08T19:32:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SidneyAugustoKovalski.pdf: 1567043 bytes, checksum: f6499a9757a6ef85380119e927d6d8a3 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-02-08T19:32:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SidneyAugustoKovalski.pdf: 1567043 bytes, checksum: f6499a9757a6ef85380119e927d6d8a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-09 Na cadeia logística upstream da indústria de óleo e gás, o problema de roteamento de embarcações supridoras para grupos de plataformas possui diversas variantes. A variante tratada neste trabalho diz respeito ao roteamento destas embarcações, no qual dois tipos de solicitações de serviço são permitidos: solicitações de serviço planejadas, as quais ocorrem antes do zarpe da embarcação de suprimento da base portuária, e solicitações de serviço aleatórias, as quais ocorrem durante a viagem da embarcação de suprimento através das plataformas clientes. Diante da complexidade do problema estocástico de roteamento dinâmico de veículos (SDVRP - Stochastic Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem) ao qual pertence a variante estudada, a contribuição deste trabalho está na modelagem matemática e na heurística de reotimização de programação linear inteira mista em duas etapas. O desempenho da heurística computacional desenvolvida é então avaliado usando um caso real da indústria do petróleo no Atlântico Sul. Nesta avaliação para os valores de grau de dinamismo encontrados, a razão competitiva de todas as instâncias consideradas não está distante do valor unitário, fato que comprova a qualidade da heurística empregada neste trabalho. In the upstream logistics chain of the oil and gas industry, the supply vessel routing problem in offshore platform groups possesses various variants. The problem variant treated in this work is concerned with the routing of supply vessels whereby two types of service requests are allowed: planned service requests, which are placed prior to supply vessel departure from base port, and random service requests, which are placed during supply vessel tour. In view of the complexity of the stochastic dynamic vehicle routing problem (SDVRP) to which the problem variant studied in this paper belongs, the contribution of this paper is in the mathematical modeling approach and the proposed two-step mixed integer linear programming (MILP) reoptimization heuristic. Assessment of the computational heuristics performance is carried out using a real world case study based on industry practice in the South Atlantic Ocean. In this evaluation for the values of degree of dynamism that is encountered in industrial practice, the competitive ratio of all considered instances is not far from the unit value, a fact that proves the quality of the heuristic employed in this work.
- Published
- 2019
40. Análise de evacuação de navios de carga em situação de incêndio a partir de simulação computacional baseada em fatores humanos
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Santos, Andrea Rozendo Moreira dos, Fernandes, Antônio Carlos, Cyrino, Julio Cesar Ramalho, Ellwanger, Gilberto Bruno, Qassim, Raad Yahya, Quelhas, Osvaldo Luiz Gonçalves, and Vasconcellos, José Marcio do Amaral
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ENGENHARIAS [CNPQ] ,Navios de carga ,Análise de evacuação - Abstract
Submitted by Daniele Fonseca (daniele@ct.ufrj.br) on 2020-06-22T13:30:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreaRozendoMoreiraDosSantos-min.pdf: 2772402 bytes, checksum: 09b363bef0ed61da433d49785372cc01 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-06-22T13:30:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreaRozendoMoreiraDosSantos-min.pdf: 2772402 bytes, checksum: 09b363bef0ed61da433d49785372cc01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10 Ao longo da história, acidentes em alto mar envolvendo elevados percentuais de vítimas fatais demonstraram que uma evacuação eficaz é a última linha de defesa para evitar resultados catastróficos. O crescimento do número de navios de passageiros com capacidade para milhares de pessoas conduziu as questões relacionadas à evacuação para o centro das atenções do setor naval. Há quase duas décadas que a garantia de tempo suficiente para que pessoas embarcadas em navios de cruzeiros possam ser evacuadas com segurança é exigida por norma. Entretanto, essa certificação não é requerida para navios de transporte de cargas da marinha mercante, ainda que o desenvolvimento da indústria petrolífera e a globalização tenham produzido significativo aumento do número de mortes em acidentes envolvendo este tipo de embarcação. Pretende-se demonstrar através desta pesquisa que modelos computacionais já existentes e amplamente utilizados em navios de passageiros, podem ser adaptados para aplicação em navios de carga, auxiliando a avaliação de riscos e o complexo processo decisório inerente à evacuação em situações de emergência. Ao longo deste documento, ficará evidenciado que o desenvolvimento de normas específicas para navios de carga, com orientações em relação às análises de evacuação ainda na fase de projeto pode ser suportado por softwares de última geração disponíveis no mercado, preconizando-se a prevenção ante a mitigação. Throughout history, offshore accidents involving high percentages of fatalities have shown that an effective evacuation is the last line of defense to avoid catastrophic results. The growth in the number of passenger ships with capacity for thousands of people has driven evacuation issues to the center of attention of the naval sector. For almost two decades, the guarantee of sufficient time for people on board cruise ships to be safely evacuated has been foreseen in regulations. However, such certification is not required for merchant shipping cargo ships, although the development of the oil industry and globalization have produced a significant increase in the number of casualties in accidents involving this type of vessel. It is intended to demonstrate through this research that existing and widely used computational models in passenger ships can be adapted for application in cargo ships, helping to assess risks and the complex decision-making process inherent in evacuation in emergency situations. Throughout this document, it will be evidenced that the development of specific standards for cargo ships, with guidelines regarding evacuation analyzes still in the design phase, can be supported by the latest generation of commercially available software, recommending prevention rather than mitigation.
- Published
- 2018
41. Alocação do material lignocelulósico no setor sucroenergético : formação da carteira eficiente de produção
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Souza, Fábio Simone de, Legey, Luiz Fernando Loureiro, Qassim, Raad Yahya, Lima, Leonardo Silva de, Merschmann, Paulo Roberto de Campos, Reis, Augusto da Cunha, and Carpio, Lucio Guido Tapia
- Subjects
Alocação ótima ,Material lignocelulósico ,ENGENHARIAS [CNPQ] - Abstract
Submitted by Daniele Fonseca (daniele@ct.ufrj.br) on 2020-05-23T12:53:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FabioSimoneDeSouza-min.pdf: 1258005 bytes, checksum: c382178a91da7aa65cfe730562e1d661 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-23T12:53:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FabioSimoneDeSouza-min.pdf: 1258005 bytes, checksum: c382178a91da7aa65cfe730562e1d661 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03 Considerando as mudanças tecnológicas ocorridas no setor sucroenergético nas últimas décadas, a geração de energia elétrica e a produção do etanol de segunda geração usando a biomassa da cana-de-açúcar representam alternativas sustentáveis ao abastecimento e à segurança energética no Brasil. O objetivo desta tese é usar o modelo de Markowitz para incorporar as incertezas ao processo decisório do usineiro, bem como proporcionar o percentual de Material Lignocelulósico (ML) que será usado para gerar energia elétrica e para produzir etanol celulósico. Conclui-se nesta tese que, no Cenário Base, 90,99% do ML deve ser destinado à geração de energia comercializada no Mercado Regulado e à medida que o custo de produção do etanol 2G é reduzido (em direção ao percentual esperado por especialistas do setor, 50% do custo de produção no Cenário Base), aumenta-se o percentual de ML a ser direcionado para a sua atividade. O Valor Presente Líquido, quando todo o ML é direcionado para a produção de etanol 2G, tornase financeiramente vantajoso em relação à comercialização da energia elétrica em quaisquer dos mercados de venda de energia, se houver pelo menos uma redução de 40% em seus custos de produção. A partir deste cenário espera-se receber um maior rendimento, mas este é acompanhado de uma maior volatilidade dos retornos gerados. Desta forma, o modelo de Markowitz (1952) representa uma poderosa ferramenta para a alocação do ML no setor sucroenergético, mas que deve ser acompanhada de análises complementares para verificação e interpretação dos seus resultados obtidos. Considering the technological changes that have occurred in the sugarcane industry in the last decades, the electric power generation and second-generation ethanol production using sugarcane biomass, represent sustainable alternatives to supply and to energy security in Brazil. This thesis aims, through the Markowitz model, incorporate the uncertainties in the decision-making process of the mill and provides the percentage of Lignocellulosic Material (ML) that will be used to generate electricity and to produce cellulosic ethanol. This thesis concluded that, in the Base Scenario, 90.99% of ML must be used for the generation of energy traded on the Regulated Market and, as the cost of production of 2G ethanol will be reduced toward the percentage expected by industry experts (50% of production cost in Base Scenario), increases the percentage of ML available in the plant should be directed to its activity. The Net Present Value, when all the ML is directed to 2G ethanol production, becomes financial advantageous to the commercialization of electric energy, in any of the markets for sale of energy, at average prices of the historical market series, if there is at least a 40% reduction in its cost of production. From this scenario, it is expected to receive a higher income, but this is accompanied by a higher volatility of the returns generated. In this way, the Markowitz (1952) model is a powerful tool for ML allocation in the sugarcane industry, but it must be accompanied by complementary analyzes for verification and interpretation of their results.
- Published
- 2018
42. Otimização de custos de viagem mediante a redução de velocidade para aproximação de um navio a porto de maré
- Author
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Angelino Pérez, Tarik Osiris, Qassim, Raad Yahya, Duda., Fernando Pereira, and Rosman, Paulo Cesar Colonna
- Subjects
ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA NAVAL E OCEANICA [CNPQ] ,Modelo matemático de otimização ,Tempo de ingresso de navio no porto xEstratégia ,Engenharia oceânica - Abstract
Submitted by Aglair Aguiar (aglair@ct.ufrj.br) on 2019-04-03T16:18:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 865060.pdf: 893979 bytes, checksum: 0c721127fcc32ea5c25b1582e835fa2e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-03T16:18:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 865060.pdf: 893979 bytes, checksum: 0c721127fcc32ea5c25b1582e835fa2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12 A redução deliberada da velocidade dos navios de carga é conhecida como Slow Steaming, e entre seus principais benefícios estão a redução de consumo de combustível e por consequência das emissões de gases de efeito estufa. Por outro lado, o conhecimento das marés em regiões costeiras é muito importante para a navegação, especialmente em áreas onde a diferença entre maré alta e baixa é substancial como acontecem nos portos de maré. A presente dissertação apresenta uma estratégia para a otimização do consumo de combustível e redução do tempo de espera para ingresso do navio no porto, pela restrição de calado. Dessa forma, foi adotada a otimização matemática com restrições, para identificar a configuração ótima. Os resultados do exemplo de aplicação na Baía de São Marcos, mostram mediante uma ferramenta de otimização, a combinação de velocidades para minimizar custos energéticos, e calcula-se os intervalos de tempo no qual o navio ingressa no porto pela elevação requerida. De acordo com os resultados chegou-se à conclusão que existe uma redução dos custos de viagem, quando o navio está operando com uma ou mais das suas unidades de propulsão na condição de Slow Steaming. Slow steaming in the approach of a ship to a tidal port taking into account tides results in ship fuel consumption and waiting cost reduction and a concomitant decrease in greenhouse gas emissions. In this dissertation, a mathematical optimisation model is developed for the formulation of this problem. The aforesaid model is computationally implemented employing optimisation and computational fluid dynamics program. The model is applied to a hypothetical example and a real life case study based on São Marcos Bay, Maranhão, Brazil.
- Published
- 2017
43. Otimização na reconfiguração de cadeias de suprimentos de quatro níveis: o caso da soja no Brasil
- Author
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Uchuya López, Juan José, Vasconcellos, José Márcio do Amaral, Carpio, Lúcio Guido Tapia, Legey, Luiz Fernando Loureiro, Pereira, Mario Veiga, Souza, Reinaldo Castro, and Qassim, Raad Yahya
- Subjects
Cadeia de suprimentos ,ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA NAVAL E OCEANICA::PROJETO DE NAVIOS E DE SISTEMAS OCEANICOS [CNPQ] ,Soja ,Programação matemática - Abstract
Submitted by Aglair Aguiar (aglair@ct.ufrj.br) on 2019-04-26T16:41:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 865000.pdf: 1908201 bytes, checksum: 2fe0da3068670301a534af72a6dd26dd (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-26T16:41:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 865000.pdf: 1908201 bytes, checksum: 2fe0da3068670301a534af72a6dd26dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11 Nesta tese é desenvolvido um novo método de decomposição de uma cadeia de suprimentos de quatro níveis para otimizar a reconfiguração em cadeias de exportação de grão sendo nosso foco de aplicação a exportação da soja no Brasil. O método de decomposição resolve um problema grande e complexo em infraestrutura e logística operacional para uma cadeia de suprimentos de quatro níveis com dois tomadores de decisões. A decomposição é feita em três subproblemas, dois dos quais são de programação matemática binível e o outro é de programação matemática mononível. Existem duas partes interessadas nesta reconfiguração: o investidor (usualmente, mas não necessariamente o governo) e o usuário (o produtor). Ambos têm a ganhar com o reforço esperado resultante da posição competitiva na reconfiguração da cadeia de suprimentos para exportação de grão de soja do Brasil. In this thesis a new method of decomposing a four-level supply chain is developed to optimize reconfiguration in soybean grain export chains in Brazil. The decomposition method solves a large and complex problem in infrastructure and operational logistics in a four-level supply chain with two decision makers. The decomposition method is based in three subproblems, two being bi-level mathematical programing models and the other is mono-level mathematical programing model. There are two interested parties in this problem: the investor (usually but not necessarily the government) and the user (the producer). Both parties benefit as a result of the competitive position of the reconfiguration of the soybean grain supply chains in Brazil.
- Published
- 2017
44. Etanol versus bioeletricidade: aplicação dos conceitos de fronteira eficiente de Markowitz para o aproveitamento do bagaço residual do setor sucroenergético
- Author
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Araujo, Rafael Barros, Legey, Luiz Fernando Loureiro, Qassim, Raad Yahya, and Carpio, Lucio Guido Tapia
- Subjects
Bioeletricidade ,ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA DE PRODUCAO [CNPQ] ,Planejamento Energético ,Etanol lignocelulósico - Abstract
Submitted by Christianne Fontes de Andrade (cfontes@ct.ufrj.br) on 2019-05-21T17:53:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 876292_.pdf: 1021586 bytes, checksum: 83f2742fba256d6c5ac7cd1efa777eff (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-05-21T17:53:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 876292_.pdf: 1021586 bytes, checksum: 83f2742fba256d6c5ac7cd1efa777eff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04 O presente trabalho analisa a competição pelo bagaço de cana de açúcar para a produção de etanol lignocelulósico e de eletricidade, através do uso da teoria de portfólio desenvolvida por Harry Markowitz, dado que o setor pode diversificar ainda mais a sua produção, reduzindo riscos e aumentando retornos. Após a revisão da literatura, acerca do setor sucroenergético e das tecnologias de produção desses dois biocombustíveis, foram apresentados os conceitos da Teoria de Carteira Eficiente de Markowitz, a partir dos quais, elaborou-se um modelo para esse setor. Por fim, foi analisada a competitividade pelo bagaço, sob a ótica risco/retorno, em cinco diferentes cenários para a produção do etanol de segunda geração e da bioeletricidade. Por meio do presente estudo, foi possível concluir que no estágio atual de desenvolvimento da produção do etanol lignocelulósico, o portfólio de menor risco possui grande alocação do bagaço para a bioeletricidade vendida no ambiente regulado. Quando são analisados cenários inserindo pacotes tecnológicos de eficientização da produção do etanol de segunda geração (E2G), os riscos dos portfólios diminuem consideravelmente e seus retornos crescem em grande magnitude, nesses cenários, o portfólio de menor risco passa a ser aquele que contém maior alocação do bagaço para o E2G. A aplicação do modelo mostrou-se eficaz, consistindo em um importante instrumento para auxiliar o gestor a distribuir os ativos de uma carteira eficientemente. This work analyzes the competition for bagasse in the lignocellulosic ethanol and electricity productions using the modern portfolio theory developed by Markowitz, as the sector can further diversify its production, reducing risks and increasing returns. After literature review, about sugar-energy sector and these two biofuels production technologies, the concepts of the Markowitz Efficient Portfolio Theory were presented. Then, a model was developed to this sector, based on this theory. Finally, the competitiveness of bagasse, under the risk / return perspective, was analyzed in five different scenarios, applying technological packages to the advanced ethanol production and bioelectricity, as well as introducing subsidies. It was possible to conclude that, in the current stage of lignocellulosic ethanol production, the lowest risk portfolio has a large allocation of bagasse to bioelectricity sold in the regulated market. When efficient technology package is introduced, the bagasse allocation in the lowest risk portfolio changes to second generation ethanol. The model proved effective, constituting an important auxiliary tool in assisting managers to distribute assets of a portfolio in a more efficient way.
- Published
- 2017
45. Modelling and evaluation of industrial plants useful life extension
- Author
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Silva, José Alberto Avelino da, Tenenbaum, Roberto Aizik, Qassim, Raad Yahya, Oliveira, Luiz Nelio Henderson Guedes de, Hombeeck, Marco Van, Dedini, Katia Lucchesi Cavalca, and Alvim, Antônio Carlos Marques
- Subjects
CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::PROBABILIDADE E ESTATISTICA::PROBABILIDADE::PROCESSOS MARKOVIANOS [CNPQ] ,Reliability (Engineering) ,Markov processes ,Indústria Localização de falhas (Engenharia) Probabilidades ,Confiabilidade (Engenharia) ,Industry - Fault location (Engineering) - Probabilities ,Failure probability ,Markovian theory ,Non-Markovian theory ,Processo estocástico ,Stochastic processes ,Markov, Processos de ,Teoria não-markoviana ,Indústria Manutenção e reparos ,Indústria Projetos e plantas Confiabilidade ,Teoria markoviana ,Industry - Maintenance and repair ,Industry - Design and plans - Reliability ,Probabilidade de falha - Abstract
Submitted by Boris Flegr (boris@uerj.br) on 2021-01-07T14:37:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Jose_Alberto_Avelino_SilvaBDTD.pdf: 1734338 bytes, checksum: 8405be6136395f6c5b823f41ca736e56 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-01-07T14:37:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Jose_Alberto_Avelino_SilvaBDTD.pdf: 1734338 bytes, checksum: 8405be6136395f6c5b823f41ca736e56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-30 During the useful life of an industrial plant, the failure occurrence follows an exponential distribution. However, the aging process in an industrial plant generates an increase of the failure number. The failure probability is a rating for the maintenance stopping process. In this paper, an statistical method for the assessment of the failure probability as a function of the operational time, based on the non-Markovian theory, is presented. Two maintenance conditions are addressed: In the first one, the old parts are utilized, after the repair this condition being called as good as old; in the second one the old parts are substituted by brand new ones this condition being called as good as new. A non-Markovian system with variable source term is modeled by using hyperbolic partial differential equations. The system of equations is solved using the Lax-Wendroff and fractional-step numerical schemes. The two methods achieve to approximately the same results, due to the smooth behavior of the solution. The main conclusion is that the system collapse depends essentially on the initial state of the Markov chain. O envelhecimento de uma instalação industrial provoca o aumento do número de falhas. A probabilidade de falhar é um indicador do momento em que deve ser feita uma parada para manutenção. É desenvolvido um método estatístico, baseado na teoria não-markoviana, para a determinação da variação da probabilidade de falhar em função do tempo de operação, que resulta num sistema de equações diferenciais parciais de natureza hiperbólica. São apresentadas as soluções por passo-fracionário e Lax-Wendroff com termo fonte. Devido à natureza suave da solução, os dois métodos chegam ao mesmo resultado com erro menor que 10−3. No caso estudado, conclui-se que o colapso do sistema depende principalmente do estado inicial da cadeia de Markov, sendo que os demais estados apresentam pouca influência na probabilidade de falha geral do sistema.
- Published
- 2008
46. Estimativas climatológicas de evaporação em lagos
- Author
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Dias, Nelson Luís da Costa, Magalhães, Paulo Canedo de, Qassim, Raad Yahya, Braga Junior, Benedito Pinto Ferreira, Moreira, Jonatas Costa, and Kelman, Jerson
- Subjects
Engenharia Civil ,ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVIL [CNPQ] - Abstract
Submitted by Fatima Fonseca (fatima.fonseca@sibi.ufrj.br) on 2018-03-06T13:28:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 164662.pdf: 2981163 bytes, checksum: d31965425e90399441677e905e1faeb9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-06T13:28:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 164662.pdf: 2981163 bytes, checksum: d31965425e90399441677e905e1faeb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1986-10 Os fundamentos físicos e as evidências empíricas usados nos modelos atualmente disponíveis para a estimação da evaporação em lagos a partir de dados climatológicos são apresentados, seguindo-se uma descrição de alguns destes modelos. É feita uma revisão crítica de cada modelo em termos de requerimento de dados, aproximações feitas, etc. Dados climatológicos coletados na região do reservatório de Sobradinho são usados para estimar a evaporação potencial e a evaporação em lago. Estudos de sensibilidade permitem constatar a importância de cada dado de entrada de um modelo climatológico de evaporação, e a variabilidade espacial dos modelos climatológicos em comparação com estimativas baseadas em dados evaporimétricos. The physical background and empirical evidence used in currently available models that estimate evaporation in lakes from climatological data are presented, followed by a description of some of these models. A critical review of each model is done, in terms of its data requirements, the aproximations it makes, etc. Climatological data collected at the region of the Sobradinho reservoir is used to estimate potential and lake evaporation. Sensitivity studies evaluate the relative importance of each input data to a climatological model, and the spatial variability of such models, compared with evaporimeter-data based estimates.
- Published
- 1986
47. Piróliose dos finos do xisto em reator de leito fluidisado-deslizante
- Author
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Cesar, Antonio Rogério Pereira, Perlingeiro, Carlos Augusto G., Qassim, Raad Yahya, and Schmal, Martin
- Subjects
Xistos ,Xistoquímica ,Reatores químicos ,ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA::TECNOLOGIA QUIMICA::XISTO [CNPQ] - Abstract
Submitted by edmundo azevedo (bxq@iq.ufrj.br) on 2019-07-11T14:56:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 145369.pdf: 1084713 bytes, checksum: 873a752aeb8f79be7c456c5c0374ca6d (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by patricia fernandes (patriciarosas@sibi.ufrj.br) on 2019-08-27T15:55:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 145369.pdf: 1084713 bytes, checksum: 873a752aeb8f79be7c456c5c0374ca6d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-27T15:55:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 145369.pdf: 1084713 bytes, checksum: 873a752aeb8f79be7c456c5c0374ca6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 1976-11 Foi projetado, construído e montado um reator sólido fluido em batelada a altas temperaturas, para estudar a pirólise e a combustão dos finos de xisto e do xisto retortado. Estudou-se inicialmente a característica térmica do reator determinando os perfis longitudinais de temperatura para diferentes vazões de gás e diferentes fluxos de calor utilizando uma mesma carga de material. Observou-se um perfil isotérmico na zona de reação e um perfil altamente no isotérmico na zona de recolhimento. Estudou-se ainda o comportamento hidrodinâmico do reator a altas temperaturas, para diferentes vazões de gás. Verificou-se que para velocidades espaciais s > 4 a percentagem de material arrastado cresce acentuadamente com o aumento da velocidade espacial. Realizou-se uma série de experiências pirolisando finos de xisto para diferentes temperaturas variando entre 450ºC e 550ºC e diferentes vazões entre 450 cm³/s e 1800 cm³/mm, utilizando uma mesma carga de 200g de finos de xisto dentro de uma mesma faixa granulométrica de 8 a 12#. Para cada experiência determinou-se a perda de peso de xisto pirolisado no reator, a quantidade de material arrastado para os ciclones e utilizando um método de análise para determinar o material volátil residual do xisto pirolisado, calculou-se a quantidade de material volátil pirolisado. Comparando estes resultados experimentais preliminares com a quantidade de material volátil observada experimentalmente a 650ºC no estudo cinético da pirólise dos finos de xisto em termobalança determinou-se a eficiência do reator. A eficiência do reator pode variar entre 77% e 87%. Desenvolveu-se ainda um modelo teórico admitindo uma interface de penetração variando com o tempo, considerando uma reação de ordem zero na interface e a transferência de massa na fase gasosa. Admite-se um reator com um comportamento de mistura perfeita. Observou-se que o perfil de concentração na fase gasosa apresentou um valor máximo. A resistência a transferência de massa na fase gasosa e a velocidade de penetração da interface de reação dependem da velocidade específica de reação e da velocidade espacial. Utilizando os resultados experimentais da pirolise dos finos de xisto no reator sólido fluido conclui-se que a resistência a transferência de massa na fase gasosa e desprezível devido o grande contato gás/sólido. It was designed, built and set up a solid-fluid reactor to operate at high temperatures. The aim was to study the oil-shale pyrolisis and the combustion of the pyrolised oil-shale. First, the reactor’s thermal characteristic was studied by establishing the longitudinal temperature profile for different gas and heat flow rates. The loading of oil-shale was kept constant. It was observed an isothermal profile in the reaction zone, but, an highly non iso-thermnal profile in the collecting zone. Furthermore, the hydrodynarnic behaviour was studied at high temperatures for different gas flow rates. It was found that for space velocities s > 4, the spouted material out of the reactor is pronounced by increasing the space velocity. It was performed a set of experiments, by doing the oil-shale pyrolisis for temperatures between 450ºC and 550ºC and gas flow rates between 450 cm³/s and 1800 cm³/s. The material loading was 200g for all the experiments and its sieve size -8+14#. For each experiment the weight loss of the pyrolised oil-shale in the reactor and the spouted material out of the reactor collected in the cyclones were determined. Using a method of analysis, the volatile material of the oil shale was determined. Comparing these preliminary experimental results with the amount of volatile material observed by experiments at 650ºC from the kinetic studies of the oil-shale pyrolisis in a thermobalance, it was determined the efficiency of the reactor. Its efficiency is between 77% and 87%. It was also developed a theoretical model assurning the existence of a spherical penetration front which varies with time, assuming a zero order reaction at the penetration front and the mass transfer in the gas phase. It is assumed a reactor with batch characteristics for the particulated phase. It was observed that the concentration profile in the gas phase increases to a maximum with time. The mass transfer resistance in the gas phase and the penetration front velocity depend on the reaction rate constant and on the space veloci-ty. From the experimental results of the oil-shale pyrolisis we come to the conclusion that the mass transfer resistance in the gas phase is negligible because of the high contact between thegas and the solid phase.
- Published
- 1976
48. Um modelo constitutivo para o escoamento através de um arranjo de barras de seção circular
- Author
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Möller, Sergio Viçosa, Hirata, Miguel Hiroo, Carajilescov, Pedro, and Qassim, Raad Yahya
- Subjects
Dinâmica dos fluídos ,Escoamento multifásico ,ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA MECANICA::FENOMENOS DE TRANSPORTE::TRANSFERENCIA DE CALOR [CNPQ] ,Fenômenos de transporte - Abstract
Submitted by maria angelica Varella (angelica@sibi.ufrj.br) on 2018-02-07T14:08:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 151832.pdf: 1800748 bytes, checksum: 9cdf3c2bf0873b9899703a271c007318 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-07T14:08:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 151832.pdf: 1800748 bytes, checksum: 9cdf3c2bf0873b9899703a271c007318 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1979-08 Na determinação do escoamento através de um feixe de barras de seção circular em arranjo uniforme, é usada a Teoria das Misturas, que fornece as equações de balanço para o sistema. São feitas hipóteses de escoamento isotérmico e regime turbulento, plenamente desenvolvido. Equações constitutivas para a força resistiva são determinadas a partir das correlações de Jakob e Rowe, e seu comportamento e analisado para um caso padrão. Comparação dos resultados obtidos com estas equações com os resultados experimentais de Bottgenbach mostram boa concordãncia na direção do gradiente de pressão não sendo possível uma comparação direta entre os valores obtidos com as duas expressões. Para a confirmação do modelo foi feita uma experiência, que consistiu em medir a queda de pressão (Número de Euler) nas direções axial e transversal de feixes de varetas em arranjo aleatório e vários ângulos como funções da velocidade (Número de Reynolds) obtendo boa concordância exceto na direção axial. Por fim é formulado um exemplo prático a fim de mostrar a aplicabilidade do modelo – a determinação do campo de pressão devido à influência de uma chicana. The determination of the flow through a uniform array of rod bundle is made by means of the Continuum Theories of Mixtures, which gives balance equations for the system. The hypotheses of isothermal and fully developed turbulent flow are made. Constitutive equations for the resistive force are determined from Jakob's and Rowe's correlations, and its behaviour analysed for a standard case. Comparison of these equations with Bottgenbach's experiments shows good agreement of the direction of the pressure, although direct comparison between present theory and his theory is not possible. For the confirmation of the model an experiment is performed, this consisting of measuring pressure drop (Euler's Number) in the axial and transverse direction of a random array rod bundle at various angles as functions of velocity (Reynold's Number), which has good agreement, except on axial direction. At last, a sample problem is formulated with the purpose of showing the applicability of the model, this being the determination of pressure field dueto the influence of a baffle.
- Published
- 1979
49. Projeto térmico de trocadores de calor resfriados a ar
- Author
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Silva, Diomedes Cesário da, Zindeluk, Moysés, Qassim, Raad Yahya, Carajilescov, Pedro, and Bastos, Leopoldo Eurico Gonçalves
- Subjects
Escoamento multifásico ,Mecânica dos fluídos ,Transferência de calor ,ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA MECANICA::FENOMENOS DE TRANSPORTE::TRANSFERENCIA DE CALOR [CNPQ] - Abstract
Submitted by maria angelica Varella (angelica@sibi.ufrj.br) on 2018-02-20T14:46:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 154045.pdf: 962457 bytes, checksum: 997eb692c816e14c9433a1af88ff3e35 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-20T14:46:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 154045.pdf: 962457 bytes, checksum: 997eb692c816e14c9433a1af88ff3e35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1980-08 A escassez e os custos de tratamento de água de resfriamento, em indústrias de petróleo e petroquímica, tem levado à utilização crescente dos trocadores de calor resfriados a ar. No projeto destes equipamentos são comumente utilizados os métodos estimativo e global de cálculo. Neste trabalho são mostrados os métodos existentes e é apresentado o método passo-a-passo que considera o feixe tubular dividido em pequenos segmentos e, utilizando os recursos de computação, efetua os cálculos partindo das temperaturas de saída do fluido de trabalho e de entrada do ar e das dimensões do equipamento. O método passo-a-passo é mais rigoroso e permite considerar nos cálculos diversos fatores como velocidades não uniformes de ar na entrada do feixe, variações das propriedades físicas dos fluidos com a temperatura e mudança do regime de escoamento do fluido no interior dos tubos. Para os equipamentos examinados, operando com vários fluidos de trabalho como óleo pobre, gasóleo leve, nafta leve, querosene, verificou-se que para aqueles cujas propriedades físicas variavam sensivelmente com a temperatura, notadamente a viscosidade, os resultados obtidos pelos dois métodos apresentam diferenças sensíveis. Tais discrepâncias são ainda maiores se for usado um perfil de velocidade de ar não uniforme. Em situações onde o fluido de processo apresenta um regime de escoamento variável, foram obtidas diferenças razoáveis na quantidade de calor trocado. Para a água, os valores dos dois métodos são aproximadamente iguais, mesmo para perfis não uniformes de velocidades de ar. O método passo-a-passo é mais preciso e possibilita uma visualização da troca térmica e da perda de carga ao longo do feixe tubular sendo assim um poderoso instrumental para o projeto e análise do desempenho de trocadores resfriados a ar. The scarcity and the treatment costs of the water cooling, in the petroleum and petrochemical industries, are increasing the use of the air cooled heat exchangers. Exchangers designing usualy utilize the estimate and global methods. This paper shows these methods and presents a new approach for this design, called "stepping method'', which consider the tube bundle divided in small segments and utilizing the computer recourses, excutes the calculations starting from the exit process fluid temperature, inlet air temperature and equipment dimensions. The stepping method is more rigorous and permits to consider in the calculations the nonuniformities in the facial air velocities, ~hysical properties variations with temperature and change in tube side flow. ln the equipments analysed, operating with various fluids like pioor oil,light gasoil, light naphta, kerosene, are verified that the fluids whose properties change greatly with the temperature specially the viscosity the results obtained by the two methods present great differences. This discreppance is still greater if a nonuniform air velocity distribution is used. In situations where the process fluid presents a variation in the pattern flow the duties difference is also considerable. The results obtained are practically equals, when the fluid is water, even for nonuniform air distribution. The stepping method is more rigorous and make possible a visualization of the heat transfer and pressure drop along tube bundle, being then a powerful method for the designing and performance analysis of the air cooled heat exchangers.
- Published
- 1980
50. Construção e balanceamento de um cilindro a alta rotação
- Author
-
Rosenthal, Eric Lazare François, Qassim, Raad Yahya, Hsu, Liu, and Scieszko, Jan Leon
- Subjects
Rotor ,ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA MECANICA::PROJETOS DE MAQUINAS [CNPQ] ,Dinâmica dos gases ,Vibrações de máquinas - Abstract
Submitted by maria angelica Varella (angelica@sibi.ufrj.br) on 2018-01-31T13:18:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 146266.pdf: 1696911 bytes, checksum: 00a8e33aea3bf9b1692147c7d267546e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-31T13:18:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 146266.pdf: 1696911 bytes, checksum: 00a8e33aea3bf9b1692147c7d267546e (MD5) Previous issue date: 1977-09 Desenvolveu-se um modelo de rotor que pudesse funcionar a altas rotações e com algumas particularidades visando um posterior estudo de dinâmica de gases. Obteve-se corro estrutura do modelo um conjunto formado por duas bases circulares (onde se localizam os mancais) separadas por três colunas, sendo o conjunto fixado a uma bancada. O rotor compõem-se de três peças: duas tampas-eixo encaixadas nas extremidades de um cilindro oco feito de acrílico translúcido. Construído e montado o modelo realizou-se o balanceamento dinâmico do rotor medindo-se a vibração na altura de cada tampa-eixo. Colocando-se o rotor a girar a uma determinada velocidade em três situações diferentes (com o rotor ''no estado com o acréscimo de um peso conhecido em uma das tampas – eixo e com acréscimo do mesmo peso na outra tampa-eixo)fica-se conhecendo posição e magnitude das maiores vibrações nesses três testes, podendo-se, a partir daí balancear o sistema. Utilizou-se para a medição da vibração: a) sensores especialmente desenvolvidos, capazes de detetar deslocamentos radiais do rotor, da ordem de micra; b) equipamento para registrar os sinais provenientes dos sensores. Primeiramente utilizou-se para registro um gravador e um oscilógrafo. Esse equipamento mostrou-se inadequado devido a introdução, pelo gravador de ruídos estranhos e devido a densificação de dados pelo oscilógrafo. Utilizou-se então para registro uma máquina fotográfica POLAROID acoplada a um osciloscópio. A caracterização da vibração foi feita graficamente a partir de ampliações das fotos feitas durante o teste. Concluiu-se que na tampa-eixo próxima da bancada não se detetava vibração e que na altura da outra tampa o nível de vibração era considerável. Balanceou-se o rotor na região onde a vibração se manifestava empregando-se o método do disco. Os resultados satisfatórios mostram a viabilidade do método desenvolvido. It was developed a high speed rotor modelas a basis for a further study on dynamic of gases. We have obtained a model structure consisting of two round bases (where are fixed the bearings), spaced by three small columns. This assembly has one of its ends fixed to a bench. The rotor consists of three parts: two shaft-plates fitted each one at the ends of a hollow cilinder made with acrilic. Since we have this model carefully machined and assembled we have proceed toward the dynamic balance of the system. That was obtained through the vibration measurement at each one of the shaft-plates in three different arrangements: 1. the rotor as built up. 2. the rotor with a known weight in one of the shaft-plates. 3. the rotor with the sarne known weight at the other shaft- plate. So we have known the position and magnitude of its largest vibration and then we are able to balance the system. For the above mentioned measurements we have used a sensor specialls developed for measuring radial displacemenxs, in arder of micra, and also equipments for recording the vibrations detected by those sensors. At first have been used for recording a tape-recorder and an oscilograph. However these equipment was not adequate dueto the noise added to the sensors input signal by the tape-recorder. Also there have been demonstrated that the oscilograph could not respond quickly enough to the frequency generated by the sensors. Therefore it was used an osciloscopy anda Polaroid camera in order to register graphically the vibration amplitudes. We have concluded that in the shaft-plate close to the bench there was no vibration at all, however in the upper plate the vibration was considerable. Then the rotor was dinamically balanced using the ''discmethod". The results were well satisfactory, proving in that way the viability of the method.
- Published
- 1977
Catalog
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