Search

Flexible electrothermal films are crucial for protecting equipment and systems in cold weather, such as ice blockages in natural gas pipelines and icing on aircraft wings. Therefore, a flexible electric heater is one of the essential devices in industrial operations. One of the main challenges is to develop flexible electrothermal films with low operating voltage, high steady-state temperature, and good mechanical stability. In this study, a flexible electrothermal film based on graphene-patterned structures was manufactured by combining the laser induction method and the transfer printing process. The grid structure design provides accurate real-time monitoring for the application of electrothermal films and shows potential in solving problems related to deicing and clearing ice blockages in pipelines. The flexible electrothermal film can reach a high heating temperature of 165 °C at 15 V and exhibits sufficient heating stability. By employing a simple and efficient method to create a flexible, high-performance electrothermal film, we provide a reliable solution for deicing and monitoring applications.

Traditional methods for dielectric characterization and concentration measurements are hindered by technical limitations, the requirement for sample pretreatment, and complex instrument operation. To address these issues, a sensor that combines coplanar waveguide (CPW) and split ring resonator (SRR) technology is proposed in this article, with the resonance frequency of 1.87 GHz and a corresponding transmission coefficient of up to −1.6 dB. This sensor enables nondestructive, real-time, and convenient measurements without the need for sample pretreatment. Organic solvents, including ${n}$ -hexane, carbon tetrachloride, and ethyl acetate, are characterized based on CPW–SRR sensor. The resonance frequency shifts range from 1.4 to 12.2 MHz in the sensor when samples with relative permittivity ranging from 1.89 to 80.1 are measured. In addition, for the volume fractions (0%–100%) of ethanol solution and methanol–ethanol mixed solution, the sensor produces transmission coefficient responses of −1.625 to −1.468 and −1.556 to −1.464 dB, respectively. The sensor offers advantages of low loss, compact size, and cost-effectiveness, making it a promising technical solution for applications in microwave sensors, chemistry analysis, and integrated circuits.