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ObjectiveTo provide a reference for food safety risk assessment and safety assurance for the Winter Olympics and Beijing residents， the exposure level and possible health risks of cadmium （Cd） in main foods in the surrounding areas of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics were evaluated. MethodsBased on the hazard assessment and limit standard analysis of cadmium， the point assessment method was used to assess the dietary exposure risk of cadmium. The 2019 to 2020 on-site sampling survey data of an urban area of Beijing and Zhangjiakou Chongli area and the 2018 Beijing main food consumption survey data were used in this pre-assessment. ResultsThe cadmium provisional tolerated monthly intake （PTMI） established by joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives （JECFA） was 25 μg/kg·BW. The overall average content of cadmium in various foods was 0.010 6 mg/kg， and the overall rate of exceeding the standard was 0.47%. The average exposure of Beijing residents to cadmium through the main food was 5.92 µg/（kg·BW·m）， accounting for 23.66% of the JECFA-recommended provisional tolerable monthly intake （PTMI） of 25 μg/kg·BW. In addition， cereals and vegetable foods were the main sources of dietary cadmium exposure. According to the current limit of cadmium （LOC） in GB 2762—2017 National Food Safety Standards Limits of contaminants in food， except for these two categories of food， the theoretical exposure to cadmium in the rest of the food did not exceed the PTMI. The estimated LOC for vegetables， grains and cereals is 0.172 and 0.199 mg/kg， both of which were less than the maximum limit value stipulated by the national standard. ConclusionThe main food cadmium exposure of Winter Olympics and Beijing residents is generally at a safe level， and the health risk is relatively low.

Background: Numerous studies have highlighted the pivotal role of alterations in the monetary reward system in the development and maintenance of substance use disorder (SUD). Although these alterations have been well documented in various forms of SUD, the electrophysiological mechanisms specific to opioid use disorder (OUD) remain underexplored. Understanding these mechanisms is critical for developing targeted interventions and advancing theories of addiction specific to opioid use. Objectives: To explore abnormalities in monetary reward outcome processing in males with OUD. We hypothesized that control individuals would show higher feedback-related negativity (FRN) to losses, unlike those in the OUD group, where FRN to losses and gains would not differ significantly. Methods: Fifty-seven participants (29 male individuals with OUD [heroin] and 28 male controls) were evaluated. A combination of the monetary incentive delay task (MIDT) and event-related potential (ERP) technology was used to investigate electrophysiological differences in monetary reward feedback processing between the OUD and healthy control groups. Results: We observed a significant interaction between group (control vs. OUD) and monetary outcome (loss vs. gain), indicated by p <.05 and η2p = 0.116. Specifically, control participants showed stronger negative FRN to losses than gains (p <.05), unlike the OUD group (p >.05). Conclusion: This study's FRN data indicate that males with OUD show altered processing of monetary rewards, marked by reduced sensitivity to loss. These findings offer electrophysiological insights into why males with OUD may pursue drugs despite potential economic downsides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA), as an enzyme‐free isotheral nucleic acid amplification method, can easily cooperate with other amplification procedures to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of detection. Herein, we constructed a cascaded CHA sensing platform for breast cancer biomarker detection. Introducing a short double nucleic acid stand avoids the product of CHA1 to directly trigger the CHA2 reaction, which simplifies the design of the CHA hairpins. Compared with the single CHA2 reaction, the cascaded CHA biosensor activated by microRNA‐155 holds nearly 10 times the amplification efficiency with detection limit down to 47.4 pM and quantifies the target in the range from 50 pM to 200 nM. Besides, the magnetic bead‐confined CHA2 taking 3D DNA walking as the display form contributes to decreasing the environmental interference. As expected, the strategy sensitively distinguishes expression levels of microRNA‐155 in different cell lines and cancer patients, which are consistent with the results of traditional qRT‐PCR method. More importantly, simply adjusting the microRNA recognition sequence of CHA1 can extend the cascaded CHA platform to a wider detection range. Therefore, the robustness and efficiency of the approach enable the potential applications for detection of microRNA and early clinical disease diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of climate change on surface runoff and soil moisture in the source region of the Yellow River is analyzed, which will provide a scientific basis for the rational use and protection of water resources in the source area. In this paper, the SWAT hydrological model was coupled with the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) to predict future changes in surface runoff and soil moisture in the source region of the Yellow River. The prediction of surface runoff and soil moisture in the Yellow River Basin was analyzed by a linear regression model. The SWAT model rate had a calibration period R2 of 0.876 and a validation period R2 of 0.972. The trend of surface runoff and annual mean temperature in the source region of the Yellow River from 2011 to 2022 showed an overall increasing trend, and soil moisture showed a general decreasing trend. 2011–2022 trends between surface runoff and annual mean temperature in the source region of the Yellow River showed a highly significant difference, indicating that surface runoff flow was significantly influenced by temperature. The difference between the trends in soil moisture and the annual mean temperature was highly significant. The surface runoff fluctuated greatly in different years, and the surface runoff changed greatly in different scenarios of CMIP5 (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5). For all three climate change scenarios, the surface runoff displayed a downward trend. The surface runoff showed a similar uneven distribution for all scenarios on a yearly cycle. Under the three climate scenarios, the runoff was highest between May and August, with a slowly increasing trend from January to April and a slightly decreasing trend from September to December. The interannual and interannual distribution of soil water was basically consistent with the distribution of surface runoff, and there was an overall trend in the length of all soil water reduction scenarios. Surface runoff and soil moisture are and will be greatly affected by climate change (mainly temperature and precipitation). Under the three climate scenarios, the precipitation increases to some extent, but the surface runoff and soil moisture will both decrease, which may be attributed to the greater evaporation than the precipitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]