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Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is one of the most serious complications of acute myocardial infarction, with a high mortality rate. There is a lack of value of rescue thrombolysis in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) complicated by VF.To examine the relationship between risk factors and mortality, and assess the value of rescue thrombolysis in STEMI complicated by VF.A total 74 cases of STEMI complicated by VF were enrolled. The experimental group consisted of 26 patients who underwent rescue thrombolysis, and the control group included 48 cases without rescue thrombolysis. The two groups were compared in terms of demographic and clinical features including gender, age, onset time, blood pressure, patient's history, creatine kinase-MB, infarct area, complications, therapy, and outcomes, including mortality.The mortality rate of the experimental group was 15.38%, lower than 37.50% of the control group (p0.05). The bleeding rate was 34.62% (n = 9) in the experimental group. The risk factors of smoking, shock, and rescue thrombolysis were correlated with mortality of STEMI complicated by VF (p0.05 for all): Smoking and shock both were positively correlated with mortality, their regression coefficients/odds ratios (OR) were, respectively, 4606/100,041 and 5552/247,711; the rescue thrombolysis was negatively correlated with mortality, its regression coefficient/OR was -1942/0.143.Rescue thrombolysis combined with cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation is beneficial to patients with STEMI complicated by VF. Smoking, shock upon admission, and lack of rescue thrombolysis were risk factors for mortality in STEMI complicated by VF.

Objective To evaluate the effects of Jidesheng anti-venom used externally for skin and soft-tissue necrosis from Chinese cobra bite. Methods A retrospective review was performed according to the clinical data recorded from January 2002 to December 2012. A total of 126 patients (116 females and 10 males) with skin and soft-tissue necrosis due to Chinese cobra bite were divided into two groups. The control group was treated externally with 40% glyceride magnesium sulfate ( n =52), and the treatment group was given Jidesheng anti-venom externally ( n =74). The data collected included maximum local necrotic area of skin and soft tissues, de-tumescence time, healing time, and skin-grafting rate. Results There were no significant differences in gender, age, and disease condition between the control and treatment groups ( P >0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in de-tumescence time between the two groups ( P >0.05). The maximum local necrotic area of skin and soft tissues was (19.9 ± 7.3) cm 2 in the treatment group, while it was (23.3 ± 6.4) cm 2 in the control group. The healing time of the treatment group was shorter than that of the control group [(32.1 ± 3.7) vs (34.4±4.5) days)] The skin-grafting rate in the treatment group was lower than that of the control group (10.81% vs 25.00%). There were statistically significant differences in maximum local necrotic area of skin and soft tissues, healing time, and skin-grafting rate between the control and treatment groups (all P Conclusion External application of Jidesheng anti-venom may help to promote wound healing and reduce the skin-grafting rate in cases of skin and soft-tissue necrosis due to Chinese cobra bite.

Poisoning by organophosphorus insecticides is a major global public health problem. Although atropine has been widely used to treat organophosphate (OP) poisoning, sometimes atropinization cannot be achieved, even with high doses of atropine. Hence, we aimed to assess the effect of anisodamine for organophosphorus poisoned patients for whom atropinization could not be achieved through high doses of atropine. In this study, sixty-four OP-poisoning patients, all of whom accepted routine treatments but who did not attain atropinization after high doses of atropine for 12 h, were enrolled. The result showed that the time to atropinization was 24.3±4.3 h in the anisodamine group, significantly shorter than in the atropine group (29.2±7.0 h, p

Although Chinese cobra snakebite is the most common type of snake venenation in China, it still lacks a comprehensive and systematic description. Hence, we aimed to study Chinese cobra bite cases with particular attention to demography, epidemiology and clinical profile. In this study, a total of 292 cases of Chinese cobra snakebite, presenting between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2012, were retrospectively reviewed. To investigate the effect of treatment at different presentation times (time from snakebite to admission), the patients were divided into two groups: group A included 133 cases that presented

On 2007 December 7, there was an eruption from AR 10977, which also hosted a sigmoid. An EUV Imaging Telescope (EIT) wave associated with this eruption was observed by EUVI on board the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO). Using EUVI images in the 171 A and the 195 A passbands from both STEREO A and B, we study the morphology and kinematics of this EIT wave. In the early stages, images of the EIT wave from the two STEREO spacecrafts differ markedly. We determine that the EUV fronts observed at the very beginning of the eruption likely include some intensity contribution from the associated coronal mass ejection (CME). Additionally, our velocity measurements suggest that the EIT wave front may propagate at nearly constant velocity. Both results offer constraints on current models and understanding of EIT waves.

To clarify the characteristics of the hematological disturbances evoked by snakebite, we measured the antithrombin III (AT-III) activity, alpha2-plasmin inhibitor (alpha2-PI) activity, fibrinogen concentration (Fg) and level of fibrin degradation products (FDP) in 21 patients envenomed by several snakes in south China between August 1998 and October 1999. The hematological changes observed were as follows: the mean activities of AT-III were decreased in patients bitten by Ophiophagus hannah (Oh.), Bungarus fasciatus (Bf.), Hydrophis cyanocinctus (Hc.), Rhabdophis subminiatus (Rs.), and Trimeresurus stejnegeri (Ts.), while those of alpha2-PI were decreased in all patients in the present study; Fg was not detectable in the case of Rs. bite, and the Fg concentration after Ts., Oh., Hc. and Bf. bites also decreased markedly thereby increasing the mean levels of FDP in all patients. It thus appeared that DIC-like syndrome was caused in patients envenomed by snakebite. In the present study, we found that patients who were bitten by Rs., which is still being classified as a non-venomous snake, exhibited complete defibrinogenation and severe hemorrhage without any evidence of severe multiple organ damage. We also found that patients with Ts. bite showed marked hemostatic disturbance without severe multiple organ damage. It is considered that such a discrepancy between the hematological findings and clinical symptoms could be a characteristic phenomenon of the DIC-like syndrome induced by snakebite, especially by Rs. and Ts. bites.

To investigate the hematological disorders after snakebite, we measured the maximum platelet aggregation rate (MAR), antithrombin III (AT-III) activity, alpha(2)-plasmin inhibitor (alpha(2)-PI) activity, concentration of fibrinogen (Fg) and fibrin degradation products (FDP) in 25 samples from 17 patients with snakebite in south China. The results obtained in the patients before application of antivenom and patients with Ophiophagus hannah (Oh.) bite were as follows: (1) the mean MAR values were significantly decreased in the case of the snakebites from Vipera russellii (Vr.) and Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus (Tm.); (2) the mean activities of AT-III were decreased in all patients in the present study; 3) the mean activities of alpha(2)-PI were significantly decreased in patients bitten by Deinagkistrodon acutus (Da.), Agkistrodon halys (Ah.), Vr., Trimeresurus stejnegeri (Ts.), Tm. and Naja naja atra (Nn.); (4) the mean concentrations of Fg were markedly decreased in patients bitten by Da., Ah., Vr., Ts. and Tm.; and (5) the mean levels of FDP were significantly increased in cases of Da., Vr. and Ts. bite, but not in Ah., Tm., Nn. and Oh. bite. The results of the present study indicate that disorders of platelet aggregation and the coagulation-fibrinolysis system are liable to occur in patients with snakebite from Da., Ah., Vr., Ts., Tm. and Nn. Furthermore, it appeared that disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was evoked in some patients. Specific antivenom was found to be useful for improving the hemostatic disturbances after snakebite from Ah. and Nn.

The Anaerobic-semiaerobic Bioreactor Landfill (AN-SABL) has been devised combining an Anaerobic Bioreactor Landfill (ANBL) with a Semi-aerobic Aged Refuse Biofilter (SAARB) for reducing the investment and the running expense. It was a novel bioreactor landfill which could accelerate the stabilization of waste obviously. The evolution of leachate quantity and quality for the AN-SABL was studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for the management and treatment of leachate. The results indicated that the quantitative reduction of leachate in the AN-SABL was obvious and the highest reduction could reach by 771 g x kg(-1). Moreover, the quality of leachate varied in phases. The concentration of nitrate including nitrite and ammonium was influenced markedly by Eh and pH. At the end of the experiment, the removal rates of COD for the AN-SABL2 and the AN-SABL3 reached by 98.49% and 97.98% and the concentrations of COD were only 14.5% and 21.1% of that in leachate from the ANBL1 respectively. Therefore, the organic matter could be degraded completely with the AN-SABL. Besides, the AN-SABL could remove the nitrogen pollutant effectively as well. The concentrations of ammonium in leachate from the AN-SABL2 and the AN-SABL3 decreased obviously from the maximum of 1 452 mg x L(-1) and 1 409 mg x L(-1) to 525 mg x L(-1) and 459 mg x L(-1) respectively which only were 36.5% and 31.9% of that in leachate from the ANBL1. For the SAARB unit, the TOC and TC ratio played a vital influence on the removal efficiency of the organic matter and nitrogen pollutant. After the TOC and TC ratio declined to about 0.2, the removal rate of COD and TN for SAARB decreased from over 95% and over 93% to 35.25% -69.56% and 64.53% -77.45% respectively.

A novel bioreactor landfill, the anaerobic-semiaerobic bioreactor landfill (AN-SABL), was devised by combining an anaerobic bioreactor landfill (ANBL) with a semi-aerobic aged refuse biofilter (SAARB). Meanwhile, relevant parameters such as gas production volume and rate, and gas constituents were investigated to provide a theoretical foundation for the collection, utilization and treatment of landfill gas. Results indicated that the gas production of the anaerobic units was inhibited in the AN-SABLs. The gas production rates in the ANBL2 unit and the ANBL3 unit were 49 L x kg(-1) and 39 L x kg(-1) respectively, which were only 94.2% and 75.0% of that in the ANBL1. However, the gas production in the anaerobic unit could be accelerated by increasing the recirculation frequency. The maximum methane content could reach up to 62.67%. Moreover, the gas production volume and velocity in the ANBL were much higher in summer than those in winter, and the gas production peak could be observed with a 12-hour cycle. Besides, the nitrification and the denitrification in the anaerobic units would be enhanced remarkably in the AN-SABLs. It resulted that the content of N2O, which fluctuated between 0.0017% and 4.0179%, was influenced obviously by the seasonal variation and the landfill types. Based on the mathematical model of aerogenesis, the cumulative gas volume of the ANBL increased logarithmically in the initial aerobic phase, then increased linearly in the anaerobic acid phase, and increased exponentially in the methane production of acid phase afterwards.

The local stability of accretion disks with advection is studied together with the considerations of radial viscous force and thermal diffusion. For a geometrically thin, radiative cooling dominated disk, the thermal diffusion has nearly no effects on the thermal and viscous modes. The including of thermal diffusion, however, tends to stabilize the acoustic modes which, if without advection, are unstable if the disk is optically thick, radiation pressure dominated or optically thin, and are stable if the disk is optically thick, gas pressure dominated. The including of very little advection has significant effects on two acoustic modes. Independent on the optical depth, the instability of the outward propagating mode (O-mode) is enhanced and that of the inward propagating mode (I-mode) is damped if the disk is gas pressure dominated, while the instability of O-mode is damped and that of I-mode is enhanced if the disk is radiation pressure dominated. For a geometrically slim, advection-dominated disk, both the thermal and viscous modes, as well as I-mode, are always stable if the disk is optically thin. The including of thermal diffusion tends to make these modes more stable. However, the O-mode can become unstable when $q/m$ is very large ($q$ is the ratio of advective to viscous dissipated energy and $m$ the Mach number), even if the thermal diffusion is considered. On the other hand, if the advection-dominated disk is optically thick, we found there is no self-consistent acoustic modes in our local analyses. The thermal diffusion has no effect on the stable viscous mode but has a significant contribution to enhance the thermal instability., Comment: 19 pages, LaTeX file. 12 figures are available upon a request to wuxb@yac.bao.ac.cn. Submitted to ApJ

The effect of transverse motion on redshift has been discussed before: in this paper it is further argued that the transverse velocity can never be greater than the velocity of light no matter how large the angular velocity is, if the strict relativistic Doppler formula is used. Using this formula and the Hubble relation, the transverse motions and distances of quasars with measured proper motions are calculated. The transverse velocities found are all less than c, the distances are now in the range of 1–10 Mpc, and the sizes become comparable to galactic nuclei (~ 0.2 kpc). For testing the hypothesis that some quasars are ejected from companion galaxies, a list of expected proper motions is given, calculated from the observed differential redshifts.