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9. A Comprehensive Review of the Genus PyrolaHerbs in Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities

Author

Yang, Xiliang, She, Jianglian, Liu, Jinping, Yang, Tao, An, Gege, Chen, Qingru, Fan, Cheng, Li, Shuangjun, Liu, Qian, Qian, Chunguo, Liu, Ying, zhou, Yajie, and Zhao, Jingyi

Abstract

Pyrola (Pyrolaceae), also known as Luxiancao/#148;141;‰in China, was recorded in Sheng Nong’s Herbal Classic listed in top grade. Pyrola herbs were used as medicinal plants for a long history with wide-ranging activities such as nourishing kidney-yang, strengthening muscles and bones, activating blood, stopping bleeding, dispelling rheumatism, and eliminating dampness. Currently, the research on Pyrola plants is increasing year by year but there is no comprehensive and detailed review concerning genus Pyrola. This review aims to sum up the updated and comprehensive information about botany and traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and safety by analyzing the information available on Pyrola plants via internationally accepted scientific databases. Collectively, more than 100 compounds have been isolated from the Pyrola plants. Furthermore, a total of 33 prescriptions containing Pyrola plants are compiled in this review. Pyrola plants are used as indispensable agents in traditional Chinese medicine due to its activities of antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, lipidlowering, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection, proliferation of osteoblasts promoting, antineoplastic and etc. Further work should be developed on the elucidation of structure-function relationship, understanding of multi-target pharmacological effects, as well as developing its application both in clinical usage and functional food for research and development of Pyrola plants.

Published
2020
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10. Purification, Structural Characterization and Immunomodulatory Effects of Polysaccharides from Amomum villosum Lour. on RAW 264.7 Macrophages.

Author

Zhou, Yang, Qian, Chunguo, Yang, Depo, Tang, Cailin, Xu, Xinjun, Liu, E-Hu, Zhong, Jingtang, Zhu, Longping, Zhao, Zhimin, and Colliec-Jouault, Sylvia

Subjects
*POLYSACCHARIDES, *TUMOR necrosis factors, *GEL permeation chromatography, *MACROPHAGES, *FUNCTIONAL foods, *MOLECULAR weights
Abstract

Amomum Villosum Lour. (A. villosum) is a folk medicine that has been used for more than 1300 years. However, study of the polysaccharides of A. villosum is seriously neglected. The objectives of this study are to explore the structural characteristics of polysaccharides from A. villosum (AVPs) and their effects on immune cells. In this study, the acidic polysaccharides (AVPG-1 and AVPG-2) were isolated from AVPs and purified via anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The structural characteristics of the polysaccharides were characterized by methylation, HPSEC-MALLS-RID, HPLC, FT-IR, SEM, GC-MS and NMR techniques. AVPG-1 with a molecular weight of 514 kDa had the backbone of → 4)-α-d-Glcp-(1 → 3,4)-β-d-Glcp-(1 → 4)-α-d-Glcp-(1 →. AVPG-2 with a higher molecular weight (14800 kDa) comprised a backbone of → 4)-α-d-Glcp-(1 → 3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1 → 4)-α-d-Glcp-(1 →. RAW 264.7 cells were used to investigate the potential effect of AVPG-1 and AVPG-2 on macrophages, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used as a positive control. The results from bioassays showed that AVPG-2 exhibited stronger immunomodulatory activity than AVPG-1. AVPG-2 significantly induced nitric oxide (NO) production as well as the release of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and upregulated phagocytic capacities of RAW 264.7 cells. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that AVPG-2 was able to turn the polarization of macrophages to the M1 direction. These results suggested that AVPs could be explored as potential immunomodulatory agents of the functional foods or complementary medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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