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This study was envisaged to identify a strain of bacteria isolated from the gill of mandarin fish. Identification and characterization of the bacterial strain were performed using morphological characteristics, growth temperature, physiological and biochemical tests, antibiotic sensitivity tests, artificial infection tests, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing homology analysis. The results showed that the bacterium was Gram-negative, with flagella at the end and the side. The bacterium exhibited a light brownish-gray colony on the Luria-Bertani culture and white colony on the blood agar plate without hemolytic ring. Normal growth was achieved at 42°C, and growth could be delayed in 7% NaCl broth medium. By homology comparison and analysis, the phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA7.0, and the bacterium was preliminarily identified as Achromobacter. The antibiotic sensitivity test showed that the strain was sensitive to piperacillin, carbenicillin, cefoperazone, cefazolin, ofloxacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, amikacin, neomycin, erythromycin, minocycline, doxycycline, polymyxin B, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and other drugs. However, it was resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin, ceftriaxone, cefradine, cefalexin, cefuroxime sodium, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, vancomycin, compound sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, medimycin, and furazolidone.

Primulina serrulata is a valuable ornamental herb with rosette leaves and vibrant flowers. Some leaves of this species exhibit a bright and distinct white color along the upper veins, enhancing their ornamental value, while others are less white or entirely green. This variation is observed in adult leaves from natural habitats and among young leaves from seedlings grown in the laboratory. TMT-labeled proteomics technology was used to study the protein-level biogenesis of white-veined (WV) P. serrulata leaves. Our objective was to offer novel insight into the breeding of WV plants. Chlorophyll (Chl) content was significantly lower in the WV group than in the control group. Out of 6261 proteins identified, a mere 69 met the criteria for differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) after stringent screening for subsequent analyses. Among these DEPs, there were 44 proteins that exhibited downregulation and 25 that were upregulated in the WV plants. Some DEPs associated with chloroplasts and Chl biosynthesis were downregulated, leading to the absence of green coloration. Concurrently, Gene Ontology enrichment analysis further emphasized an insufficiency of magnesium, the key element in Chl biosynthesis. Many DEPs associated with abiotic or biotic stressors were downregulated, suggesting an overall weakening of stress resistance with certain compensatory mechanisms. Similarly, many DEPs related to modifying biomacromolecules were downregulated, possibly affected by the decrease in proteins involved in photosynthesis and stress resistance. Some DEPs containing iron were upregulated, indicating that iron is mainly used to synthesize heme and ferritin rather than Chl. Additionally, several DEPs related to sulfur or sulfate were upregulated, suggesting strengthened respiration. Expansin-A4 and pectinesterase were upregulated, coinciding with the emergence of a rough and bright surface in the white area of leaves, indicative of the elongation and gelation processes in the cell walls. These findings provide new insight for future studies to explore the mechanism of color formation in WV leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new lithophytic species, Paraboeazunyiensis T.Deng, F.Wen & R.B.Zhang (Gesneriaceae), inhabiting Karst rocks in northern Guizhou, China, is introduced and depicted in this study. It bears a resemblance to P.crassifolia (Hemsl.) B.L. Burtt, yet is distinguishable by its shorter filaments and staminodes, triangular ovate calyx segments, and ovaries surpassing the styles in length. Moreover, the phylogenetic tree constructed from nuclear DNA (ITS) and plastid DNA ( trnL-F ) data firmly support the differentiation of this novel species from P.crassifolia ., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Tan Deng, Fang Wen, Da-Jun Xie, Ruo-Xun Wei, Lin He, Quan-Li Dou, Zheng-Min Qian, Ren-Bo Zhang.)