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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of Fufang Huangqi decoction (复方黄杞汤剂) in combination with pyridostigmine bromide tablets, prednisone, and tacrolimus in the treatment of type I and II myasthenia gravis (MG) through changes in the clinical symptom scores of 100 patients with type I and II MG. This study also aimed to examine dose reductions and dis-continuation of these 3 Western medicines after administration of Fufang Huangqi decoction. METHODS: The clinical data on 100 patients with type I or II MG who were treated in the outpatient department of the Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China, between June 2017 and June 2020 were collected. The patients were divided into 4 groups based on whether they had taken pyridostigmine bromide tablets, prednisone, and/or tacrolimus at the time of their hospital visit: the Fufang Huangqi decoction group (group A), the pyridostigmine bromide tablets + Fufang Huangqi decoction group (group B), the pyridostigmine bromide tablets + prednisone + Fufang Huangqi decoction group (group C), and the pyridostigmine bromide tablets + tacrolimus + Fufang Huangqi decoction group (group D). The average treatment time was (15.6 ± 11.5) months (range: 0.5-55 months). Changes in the clinical symptom scores of the 4 groups of patients after medication administration and dose reductions and discontinuation of the 3 Western medicines were analyzed. RESULTS: An overall effectiveness rate of 86.00% was achieved in the 100 patients after treatment for (15.6 ± 11.5) months (range 0.5-55 months). The effectiveness rates were 85.71% in group A, 88.24% in group B, 76.92% in group C, and 80.00% in group D. The dosage of pyridostigmine bromide was reduced for 69.12% of the patients in group B for the first time after (4.2 ± 4.1) months, and 45.59% of the patients in group B discontinued pyridostigmine bromide after (8.8 ± 6.1) months. The dosage of pyridostigmine bromide was reduced for 46.15% of the patients in group C for the first time after (5.3 ± 3.4) months, and 23.08% of the patients in group C discontinued pyridostigmine bromide after (19.8 ± 11.0) months; 76.92% reduced hormone dosage after (2.8 ± 1.9) months, and 23.08% discontinued hormone treatment after (6.7 ± 2.9) months. The dosage of pyridostigmine bromide was reduced for 1 patient in group D after 1 month; this patient discontinued pyridostigmine bromide after 3 months and reduced tacrolimus dosage after 5 months. One patient in group D discontinued pyridostigmine bromide and tacrolimus on his own initiative at 0.5 months and took Fufang Huangqi decoction for 2 months without discontinuing Western medicine. CONCLUSION: Fufang Huangqi decoction is effective for the treatment of type I and II MG and improves the associated clinical symptoms. Moreover, this agent is conducive to dose reductions and discontinuation of basic Western medicines, thereby reducing the side effects experienced by patients.

In this paper, firstly a fractional order FO model is proposed for the speed control of a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor PMLSM servo system. To identify the parameters of the FO model, a practical modeling algorithm is presented. The algorithm is based on a pattern search method and its effectiveness is verified by real experimental results. Second, a new fractional order proportional integral type controller, that is, PIµλ or FO[FOPI], is introduced. Then a tuning methodology is presented for the FO[FOPI] controller. In this tuning method, the controller is designed to satisfy four design specifications: stability requirement, specified gain crossover frequency, specified phase margin, flat phase constraint, and minimum integral absolute error. Both set point tracking and load disturbance rejection cases are considered. The advantages of the tuning method are that it fully considers the stability requirement and avoids solving a complex nonlinear optimization problem. Simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed FO[FOPI] controller over classical FOPI and FO[PI] controllers.

Flexible swing arm system (FSAS) with flexibility and nonlinearity is the key component of die bonder in LED packaging industry. This paper explores the application of fractional calculus on modeling and high-frequency repetitive motion control for FSAS. Considering of the complex characteristics of high-frequency repetitive motion on different stages, fractional order models are designed to describe FSAS more accurately. The proposed fractional order models are identified using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Based on the comprehensive control performance evaluation, proportional integral (PI) controllers are optimized for FSAS according to the identified fractional order models. Simulation and experiments will be conducted to demonstrate the existence and practical viability of the proposed fractional order models for the FSAS.

In this paper, a novel chattering-free hybrid control (HC) algorithm is proposed for the speed regulation of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The HC is made up of the high-order sliding mode control (HOSMC) scheme and the proportional-integral (PI) control scheme, where HOSMC is developed for transient tracking, and PI is responsible for steady regulation. The error band method is adopted to determine the switching rule between the HOSMC and PI schemes. When the operation condition with strong disturbances happens and the tracking error exceeds the error band, the HOSMC scheme is chosen to be the main controller due to its characteristics of fast response and strong robustness. Under the control of HOSMC, the tracking error will converge to zero gradually. However, the undesirable chattering is generated by the discontinuous and high-frequency switching control action in HOSMC scheme. On the other hand, when the amplitude of the disturbances decreases and the tracking error enters the error band, the PI scheme will replace HOSMC to be the control core such that the actual speed will track the speed reference without chattering or steady error. The main advantages of the proposed HC algorithm are that the chattering is eliminated by the PI scheme, and the strong robustness is guaranteed by the HOSMC scheme. Real-time experiments in embedded platform are conducted to verify the efficiency and superiority of the HC algorithm.

In this paper, an adaptive two-degree-of-freedom (2Dof) proportional-integral (PI) controller is proposed for the speed control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Firstly, an enhanced just-in-time learning technique consisting of two novel searching engines is presented to identify the model of the speed control system in a real-time manner. Secondly, a general formula is given to predict the future speed reference which is unavailable at the interval of two bus-communication cycles. Thirdly, the fractional order generalized predictive control (FOGPC) is introduced to improve the control performance of the servo drive system. Based on the identified model parameters and predicted speed reference, the optimal control law of FOGPC is derived. Finally, the designed 2Dof PI controller is auto-tuned by matching with the optimal control law. Simulations and real-time experimental results on the servo drive system of PMSM are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

Machinery industry is basic, strategic and predominant industry in our national economy. The security of machinery industry plays a very important role in ensuring stable development of the national economy. Based on it, the FDI control of the industry should be paid more attention. This paper utilizes the relative statistical data during 1999-2009, and analyses the power of FDI control in China's machinery industry from the perspective of market, stock, technology, gross assets and fixed assets. The result shows that the power of FDI has a great influence on machinery industry, on the basis of which policies and suggestions to strengthen the industrial controlling power of domestic investment are presented in this paper.