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Pulpitis is one of the common diseases indicated by the department of stomatology that is located in the tooth and contains abundant nerve vessels. In order to evaluate the pain degree and functional recovery of patients after treatment by visual analogue pain scale (VAS) and temporomandibular joint function score, a retrospective analysis was performed on 128 patients diagnosed with pulpitis who received root canal treatment in the department of stomatology from January 2020 to March 2021. The results show that 3%NaClO combined with 0.9% sodium chloride injection can effectively relieve the pain degree of patients after treatment, and the antibacterial effect is significantly better than 3%H2O2 combined with 0.9% normal saline. Meanwhile, it can effectively improve the temporomandibular joint function and reduce the recurrence rate, which has good clinical application value.

To identify the circular RNA (circRNA) expression profile in the synovium of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and explore their potential regulatory mechanism.Transcriptome high-throughput sequencing was used to detect the expression profiles of circRNA and mRNA. We performed real-time PCR for the validation of circRNAs and used bioinformatics analysis to predict their possible biological functions. The conservation of circRNAs was evaluated, a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network was constructed and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of target genes were also drawn.We found 136 differentially expressed circRNAs, 64 upregulated and 72 downregulated. We also found 2035 differentially expressed mRNAs, 1216 upregulated and 819 downregulated. It was verified by qRT-PCR that hsa_circ_0072697 was significantly upregulated. The GO analysis results showed that the parental genes were mainly enriched in organelle organization, cytosol and anion binding. The most enriched pathways for these circRNAs participated in cellular senescence. And hsa_circ_0072697 might act as a sponge of hsa-miR-6736-5p, which could therefore lead to increased LEP and ULK1 mRNA expression.CircRNAs are significantly expressed in the knee synovium of OA patients and may play an important role in the occurrence and development of OA. The potential mechanism could be sponging miRNAs to increase mRNA expression.

Oral cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related death. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 90% of all oral cancers. Autophagy is a conserved essential catabolic process related to OSCC. The aim of this study was to elucidate diagnostic and prognostic autophagy-related biomarkers in OSCC.The OSCC gene expression data set was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the OSCC samples and adjacent healthy tissues were identified by R software. The Human Autophagy Database was screened, which revealed 222 autophagy-related genes. The autophagy-related DEGs were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were applied. Protein-protein interaction network analysis was performed in the STRING database. cytoHubba in the Cytoscape software was applied to determine the top 10 hub genes. The data set of patients with OSCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used to evaluate the prognostic value of the 10 hub genes. The association between prognosis-related hub genes and immune infiltrates was explored.Twenty-seven autophagy-related DEGs were identified. The top 10 hub genes were CCL2, CDKN2A, CTSB, CTSD, CXCR4, ITGA6, MAP1LC3A, MAPK3, PARP1, and RAB11A. ITGA6 was identified as the most efficient biomarker. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that ITGA6 had the highest diagnostic accuracy for OSCC (area under the curve = 0.925). ITGA6 expression was significantly related to immune infiltrates.The autophagy-related gene ITGA6 might be an efficient diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in OSCC.

Background Occlusal trauma can aggravate periodontitis, but the mechanism remains unclear. Yes-associated protein (YAP), a mechanical stressor protein, may play an important role in this process. Methods Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were applied to detect the expression of YAP and inflammatory factors in patients with periodontitis accompanied with or without occlusal trauma. Through local administration of Porphyromonas gingivalis and composite resin bonding on maxillary molars in mice, we established periodontitis and occlusal trauma models. Treatment with or without XAV939, to inhibit YAP activation, was performed in these models. Micro-computed tomography, immunofluorescence (IF), and qRT-PCR were used to explore the YAP pathway in periodontitis with occlusal trauma. Cyclic stress and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimuli were applied to the L929 mouse fibroblast cell line with or without XAV939. Western blot, IF, and qRT-PCR were used to verify the in vivo results. Results Activated dephosphorylated YAP and increased expression of inflammatory factors were observed in patients with periodontitis accompanied with occlusal trauma. In the mouse model of periodontitis with occlusal trauma, YAP transferred into the nucleus, resulting in Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) related pro-inflammatory pathway up-regulation. L929 cell cyclic stress and LPS stimulation results confirmed the in vivo results. Application of XAV939 inhibited YAP protein dephosphorylation and reduced JNK pro-inflammatory pathway factor expression in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions Occlusal trauma can activate YAP nuclear transfer, resulting in the up-regulation of the JNK pro-inflammatory pathway. This can be inhibited by the XAV939 YAP inhibitor.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory oral disease that affects nearly 50% of all adults.

A comprehensive search of the literature published between 2001 and 2010 was performed to gain a greater understanding of curricular reform practices at Chinese medical schools.There were 10,948 studies published between 2001 and 2010 that were retrieved from the database. Following preliminary screening, 76 publications from 49 different medical schools were selected. Thirty-one publications regarding clinical medicine curricular reforms were analyzed further. Of the 76 studies, 53 described curricular reforms that were instituted in theoretical courses, 22 described curricular reforms that were instituted in experimental courses, and 1 described curricular reforms that were instituted in a clinical skills training course. Of the 31 clinical medicine publications, 2 described reforms that were implemented for 3-year program medical students, 12 described reforms that were implemented for 5-year program medical students, 6 described reforms that were implemented for 7-year program medical students, and 2 described reforms that were implemented for 8-year program medical students. Currently, the majority of medical schools in China use the discipline-based curriculum model. Thirteen studies described transition to an organ-system-based curriculum model, 1 study described transition to a problem-based curriculum model, and 3 studies described transition to a clinical presentation-based curriculum model. In 7 studies educators decided to retain the discipline-based curriculum model while integrating 1 or several new courses to remedy the weaker aspects of the traditional curriculum, in 7 studies educators decided to integrate the preclinical courses with the clinical courses by using the systemic-integrating curricular system that dilutes classical disciplines and integrates material based on organ systems, and in 2 studies educators limited reforms to clinical courses only. Eight studies discussed the implementation of a formative evaluation system, 4 studies discussed faculty training, and 15 studies discussed the application of various instructional methods. Other issues that were also addressed include enhancing research, improving patient-doctor communication, developing interpersonal and teamwork skills, cultivating independent lifelong learning habits, and improving problem-solving capabilities.The medical schools in our study have adopted various comprehensive curricular changes, moving from a knowledge-based to a competency-based model, and from traditional standards to international standards. Many institutions face challenges when implementing curricular reforms, such as what to integrate and how to do so, the unintended omission of important material, ensuring coordination between different organizations and departments, and the training of faculty.

Curriculum reform at Chinese medical schools has attracted a lot of attention recently. Several leading medical schools in China have undergone exploratory reforms and in so doing, have accumulated significant experience and have made considerable progress.An analysis of the reforms conducted by 38 Chinese medical colleges that were targeted by the government for upgrade was performed. Drawing from both domestic and international literature, we designed a questionnaire to determine what types of curricular reforms have occurred at these institutions and how they were implemented. Major questions touched upon the purpose of the reforms, curricular patterns, improvements in teaching methods post-reform, changes made to evaluation systems post-reform, intra-university reform assessment, and what difficulties the schools faced when instituting the reforms. Besides the questionnaire, relevant administrators from each medical school were also interviewed to obtain more qualitative data.Out of the 38 included universities, twenty-five have undergone major curricular reforms. Among them, 60.0% adopted an organ system-based curriculum model, 32.0% adopted a problem-based curriculum model, and 8.0% adopted a hybrid curriculum model. About 60.0% of the schools' reforms involved both the "pre-clinical" and the "clinical" curricula, 32.0% of the schools' reforms were limited to the "pre-clinical" curricula, and 8.0% of the schools' reforms only involved the "clinical" curricula. Following curricular reform, 60.0% of medical schools experienced an overall reduction in teaching hours, 76.0% reported an increase in their students' clinical skills, and 60.0% reported an increase in their students' research skills.Medical curricular reform is still in its infancy in China. The republic's leading medical schools have engaged in various approaches to bring innovative teaching methods to their respective institutions. However, due to limited resources and the shackle of traditional pedagogical beliefs among many faculty and administrators, progress has been significantly hindered. Despite these and other challenges, many medical schools report positive initial results from the reforms that they have enacted. Although the long term effects of such reforms remain unclear, curricular reform appears to be the inevitable solution to China's growing need for high-quality medical doctors.

Today's doctor is as much a humanist as a scientist. Medical schools have responded to this change by introducing a variety of courses, most notably those concerning the humanities and ethics. Thus far, no one has examined the extent of use of these subjects in Chinese medical schools. The goal of this study is to determine how many and in what way Chinese medical schools use the humanities and ethics in training future physicians. We surveyed thirty-two Chinese medical schools covering each geographic region of China at the Twelfth Medical Education Conference for China Mainland, Hong Kong, and Taiwan on a variety of topics related to the humanities and ethics. Thirty-one (96.9 percent) Chinese medical schools offer courses in the humanities, and all thirty-two (100.0 percent) Chinese medical schools surveyed offer courses on ethics. Of the thirty-one universities offering humanities courses, twenty-six (83.9 percent) have five or more humanities courses, and of the thirty-two universities offering ethic...

To investigate the Raman spectral characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma, high-grade epithelial dysplasia and normal mucosa.Fifty- six fresh samples of oral carcinoma, 50 of high-grade epithelial dysplasia and 32 of normal mucosa were collected. The i-Raman spectrometer with an optical fiber tube was applied to acquire Raman spectrum. The diagnostic model established by principle component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA) was used to analyze and classify the spectra of different samples.There were significant differences among the Raman spectra of these samples. Compared with the spectra of normal mucosa, the spectra of oral carcinoma and dysplasia showed strong peaks which were contributed to nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. The diagnostic models established by PCA-DFA could successfully classify these Raman spectra of different samples with a high accuracy of 96.4% (133/138). The model was evaluated by 'Leave one out' cross-validation and reached a high accuracy of 92.8% (128/138).The proliferation and metabolism of oral squamous cell carcinoma and epithelial high-grade dysplasia are more active than normal mucosa. The diagnostic models established by PCA-DFA can classify these Raman spectra of different samples with a high accuracy.

Background Professionalism is a central part of medical practice, and medical organisations worldwide have mandated training on this topic for future medical doctors. In China, national guidelines were developed to make explicit expectations that were once implicit. Medical education reform over the past decade has emphasised topics such as medical humanities, life-long learning, and patient-centered learning in an effort to increase the professionalism of future physicians. Although the importance of teaching professionalism has been well recognised, few studies have evaluated its implementation at Chinese medical schools. Methods We recruited medical students from three medical schools deemed to be representative of different regions in China (Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai (national); Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu (provincial); Qiqihar Medical University, Heilongjiang (local)). We used the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy- Student Version (JSPES), Chinese version of the General Health Questionnaire, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Chronic Fatigue Syndrome assessment, and other personality and social status instruments to collect cross-sectional data. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS (version 20). Ethical approval was obtained by the Institutional Review Board of National Yang-Ming University. Findings We recruited 914 participants to the study. The mean JSPES score of the total population was 105 (SD 20). National university (Tongji) medical students (109 [18]), female medical students (107 [20]), and medical students who had not yet reached their third year of medical school (110 [17]) had significantly higher levels of professionalism than those in their third year or above (99 [17]). Professionalism and empathy were significantly associated with chronic fatigue syndrome: those who had higher scores in professionalism scored less for chronic fatigue syndrome (Pearson Correlation, −0·203; p Interpretation Chinese medical students in general have a positive disposition towards professionalism. Level of professionalism is highly associated with chronic fatigue syndrome, so medical educators should pay attention to curricular burden and provide support mechanisms aimed at reducing student stress. Funding Republic of China Ministry of Science and Technology grant MOST104-2511-S-010-003 .