Search

The development of science and technology brings about the alternating progress of technique in all the industries. Machine translation has attracted the attention and the discussion among the whole translation industry. From the discussion on the quality of the translation produced by machines to the debate on whether machines can completely replace human’s role in translation activities. The author believes that post-translation editing can make up for the shortcomings of machine translation under the mode of “human-computer interaction”. This paper, from the perspective of Chesterman’s translation norms, explores the positive role of post-translation editing in scientific and technology text translation through the “human-computer interaction” in effectively improving the translation’s quality, in the current wave of scientific and technological development. The author will give some focuses for the post-translation editing of the Scientific and technology texts from the perspective of Chesterman’s translation norms in this paper. It aims to improve the translation quality of the Scientific and technology texts to the greatest extent with the aid of machine translation.

We fabricated an opto-mechano-fluidic microbubble resonator (MBR) consisting of a dielectric silica shell and liquid metal core. Benefiting from the conductivity of the liquid metal GaInSn, Ohmic heating was carried out for the MBR by applying current to the liquid metal to change the temperature of the MBR. Optical whispering gallery mode (WGM) and the optomechanical surface wave mode were tuned mainly because the Ohmic heating changed the refractive index and the Young's modulus of the silica, respectively. The optomechanical radial breathing mode was tuned mainly because the Ohmic heating changed the velocity and density of the liquid metal GaInSn. In our experiment, the WGM mode was tuned approximately 1.22 nm. The optomechanical surface wave mode and radial breathing mode were tuned approximately 0.30 MHz and 0.23 MHz, respectively.

Biomaterial, such as proteins and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which have many advantages such as biocompatibility and biodegradability, have been widely adopted as photonic device materials. In this study, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated an all-biomaterial whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microbottle resonator. The quality factor of the fabricated protein microbottle resonator is on the order of 105. In addition, the entire process for preparing microbottle is simple and low-cost. Our work will open a door to explore various biomaterial and different bio-photonic device for biomedical applications.

We demonstrate an approach for the realization of coupled-mode induced transparency (CMIT) in a hybrid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-coated silica microbubble resonator, with an Au microwire inserted in the hollow channel. Owing to the large negative thermo-optics coefficient of PDMS, different radial order modes with opposite thermal sensitivities can coexist in this hybrid microcavity. By applying a current through the Au microwire, which acts as a microheater, the generated Ohmic heating could thermally tune the resonance frequencies and the frequency detuning of the coupled mode to achieve controllable CMIT. This platform offers an efficient and convenient way to obtain controllable CMIT for applications, such as label-free biosensing and quantum information processing.

This study introduces design and coupling techniques, which bridge an opaque liquid metal, optical WGM mode, and mechanical mode into an opto-mechano-fluidic microbubble resonator (MBR) consisting of a dielectric silica shell and liquid metal core. Benefiting from the conductivity of the liquid metal, Ohmic heating was carried out for the MBR by applying current to the liquid metal to change the temperature of the MBR by more than 300 °C. The optical mode was thermally tuned (>3 nm) over a full free spectral range because the Ohmic heating changed the refractive index of the silica and dimeter of the MBR. The mechanical mode was thermally tuned with a relative tuning range of 9% because the Ohmic heating changed the velocity and density of the liquid metal.

Raman lasing has been realized in different kinds of whispering gallery mode microresonators because of its high quality factors and relatively small mode volumes. The non-linear coefficient of carbon disulfide is much larger than that of silicon dioxide. In this paper, we fabricate a high quality factor silica microbubble resonator. In addition, we report on the realization of Raman lasing in an empty silica microbubble resonator. Moreover, Raman lasing in carbon disulfide filled optofluidic microbubble resonator at pump wavelengths of 950 nm is also implemented.

We fabricated a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-coated silica microbubble cavity with rich whispering gallery modes (WGMs). An electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) window is realized through experimentally coupling a tapered fiber with the PDMS-coated microbubble resonator (MBR). There is a high-Q mode in the vicinity of a low-Q mode in transmission spectra. The experimental results prove that the high-Q mode performs a small redshift while the low-Q mode performs a large blueshift when the input power increases. This attributes to the negative thermo-optical coefficient (TOC) of PDMS and the positive TOC of silica. An EIT-like window is realized when these two modes are on-resonance with same frequency.

Lead ions are deleterious pollutants that often reach drinking water, and can cause significant harm to humans (particularly children). An ultra-sensitive lead ion detection method using a whispering gallery mode (WGM) optofluidic microbubble resonator and the classic GR-5 DNAzyme is proposed in this paper. With the auxiliary piranha and Ploy-l-lysine solution, GR-5 DNAzyme was successfully modified on the inner wall of a microbubble. The mode field distribution of the microbubble was analysed, and the optofluidic sensor with thin wall exhibited a maximum bulk refractive index sensitivity of 265.2 nm/RIU. Lead ions at concentrations ranging from 0.1 pM to 100 pM were tested using the proposed WGM optofluidic sensor. The noise was decreased to 2.43 fM using the self-referenced differential method. Thus, a limit of approximately 15 fM was obtained for the detection of lead ions using the WGM optofluidic biosensor. Eight competing metal ions were also used to evaluate the selectivity of the proposed sensor, with results indicating that it has high selectivity for lead ions. Finally, the sensor performance is verified using real samples.

We propose and theoretically investigate an all-dielectric bowtie whisperinggallery-mode (WGM) resonator which consists of two tip-to-tip coupled semiconductor nanorings with triangular cross section separated by low refractive index material gap. Mode splitting of symmetric WGM and antisymmetric WGM is observed and analyzed. Due to extremely field enhancements by the “slot” and “tip” effects, strong localization of light in the gap of symmetric WGMs leads to ultrasmall modal volume of 0.3μm3. This value is two orders of magnitude smaller than that in toroidal microresonator which is the typical WGM microcavity with tight mode confinement. Importantly, large amount of light confined in the gap in bowtie WGM resonator not only suppresses the radiation loss (radiation-loss-related quality factor is above 108), but also makes it as an ideal platform for Purcell effect enhancement, ultrasensitive sensing, and optical trapping of nanoparticles. Calculation results show that Purcell factor can reach to 108 at room temperature when assuming quantum dots or atoms placed in the gap. Refractive index sensitivity is improved to 700 nm/RIU as compared with conventional slot waveguide with rectangular cross section. The optical gradient force is greatly enhanced and allows efficient trapping of single nanoscale particle with diameter of 5 nm even at a relatively large gap of 100 nm.

A hybrid microcavity based on the liquid-metal-filled silica microbubble is experimentally demonstrated, which supports both plasmonic and optical whispering gallery modes. The high quality (Q)-factor plasmonic mode of liquid metal is demonstrated via controlling the polarization of the probe laser as well as changing the liquids in the microbubble. Additionally, we reveal an unconventional Q-factor enhancement effect in the bottle microresonator. The liquid metal (mercury) could dissolve various metals and solids, meriting the optofluidic type of sensing. Combining the two kinds of high-Q resonances in the hybrid microcavity, we could probe the optical, mechanical, and thermal properties of solvents in liquid metal, providing a unique experimental platform for realizing multi-parameter optical sensing and making the detection and identification of metal and alloy possible.

Optical whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microresonator-based sensors with high sensitivity and low detection limit down to single unlabeled biomolecules show high potential for disease diagnosis and clinical application. However, most WGM microresonator-based sensors, which are packed in a microfluidic cell, are a &ldquo, closed&rdquo, sensing configuration that prevents changing and sensing the surrounding liquid refractive index (RI) of the microresonator immediately. Here, we present an &ldquo, open&rdquo, sensing configuration in which the WGM microdisk laser is directly covered by a water droplet and pumped by a water-immersion-objective (WIO). This allows monitoring the chemical reaction progress in the water droplet by tracking the laser wavelength. A proof-of-concept demonstration of chemical sensor is performed by observing the process of salt dissolution in water and diffusion of two droplets with different RI. This WIO pumped sensing configuration provides a path towards an on-chip chemical sensor for studying chemical reaction kinetics in real time.

An optofluidic microbubble Fabry–Pérot (OMBFP) cavity was investigated. In contrast to plane-plane FP (PPFP) cavities, the optical mode confinement and stability in an OMBFP were significantly enhanced. The optical properties of the OMBFP cavity, including the quality (Q) factor, effective mode area, mode distribution as a function of the core refractive index, microbubble position, and mirror tilt angle, were investigated systematically using the finite element method. In optofluidic lasing experiments, a low lasing threshold of 1.25 µJ/mm2, which was one order magnitude lower than that of the PPFP, was achieved owing to improved modal lateral confinement. Since the microbubble acts as a micro-lens and microfluidic channel in the parallel FP cavity, mode selection and cell-dye laser were easily realized in the OMBFP cavity.

We experimentally demonstrate a high sensitivity temperature sensor based on packaged microdroplet whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonator. Fabrication process of the packaged microdroplet resonator is easy and controllable. The sensitivity and the electric field intensity distribution of different radial modes are calculated and analyzed by Mie theory. The measured temperature sensitivity is over 200 pm/ °C, due to the mode distribution of microdroplet resonator and high thermo-optic coefficient of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The proposed packaged microdroplet resonator has the superiority in the high sensitivity and robust property, which exhibit good potential in regards to future integrated photonic devices based sensors.

We proposed and experimentally demonstrated a sensitive, label-free, real-time and low-cost optofluidic microcavity biosensor for DNA detection. The change of whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonant wavelength is monitored by data acquisition card in real-time. The experimental results show that the biosensor can significantly distinguish the non-complementary single strand (ssDNA), single nucleotide mismatch ssDNA, and target ssDNA. In addition, a sensing mechanism based on WGM coupling depth was also experimentally demonstrated which would have potential for detection of biological and chemical analytes in the future.

Luneburg-sphere (LS) is a spherically symmetric sphere with three-dimensional graded-refractive-index structure which can focus parallel beam to a perfect point on the sphere surface. Recent research shows that microsphere can generate super-resolution focusing beyond diffraction limit. Herein a quasi-Luneburg-lens can be used as an optically transparent microsphere for the super-resolution imaging. In this paper, the finite element model is used to investigate the optical properties of the Luneburg-lens. Our simulation results demonstrated that its focus size is below the conventional diffractive limit in the visible spectrum. An effective method of application of a quasiLuneburg-lens is proposed and discussed. Besides super-resolution imaging, Luneburg-lens have the potential applications in nanolithography, nanomedicine areas as well.

A one-dimensional photonic-crystal (PC) cavity with nanoholes is proposed for extremely enhancing the THz electric fields by utilizing the electromagnetic (EM) boundary conditions, where both slot effect (for the perpendicular component of the electric displacement field) and anti-slot effect (for the parallel component of the electric field) contribute to the considerable field enhancement. The EM energy density can be enhanced in the high refractive index material by a factor of ({\epsilon}h/{\epsilon}l)^2, where {\epsilon}h and {\epsilon}l are the permittivities of the high and low refractive index materials, respectively. Correspondingly, the mode volume can be enhanced by a factor of 288 as compared with the regular THz PC cavity and is three orders of magnitude smaller than the diffraction limitation. While the proposed THz cavity design also supports the modes with high Q > 10^4, which lead to strong Purcell enhancement of spontaneous emission by a factor exceeds 10^6. Our THz cavity design is feasible and appealing for experimental demonstrations, since the semiconductor layer where the EM is maximized can naturally be filled with a quantum engineered active materials, which is potential for developing the room-temperature coherent THz radiation sources.

A low-loss triangle hybrid plasmonic waveguide to confine light at an ultra-deep subwavelength scale is proposed and numerically investigated. Compared to other hybrid slot plasmonic waveguides based on cylinder or square semiconductor nanowires, the novel hybrid plasmonic waveguide based on triangle semiconductor nanowire has not only stronger field confinement, but also lower propagation loss. Detailed study of this structure reveals that these advantages originate from the tip enhancement of the triangle semiconductor waveguide. This mechanism of the waveguide permits tolerance for structural imperfection in actual experiments, which is very feasible for experimental realization. The extreme confinement of light can lead to strong electric field around the tip of the triangle semiconductor waveguide, thus can greatly enhance the light-matter interaction. Various applications will benefit from this triangle hybrid plasmonic waveguide, such as the laser, waveguide (cavity) quantum electrodynamics and optomechanics.

We propose an effective method for biomolecular detection based on an external referencing optofluidic microbubble resonator system (EROMBRS), which possesses good long-term stability and low noise. In this study, EROMBRSs were used for nonspecific detection of bovine serum albumin (BSA) molecules and specific detection of D-biotin molecules. Ultra-low practical detection limits of 1 fg/mL for nonspecific and specific biomolecular detection were achieved.

A novel hybrid plasmonic waveguide (HPW) based on a metal ridge and a semiconductor nanowire is proposed and analyzed theoretically. The high-index cylinder semiconductor nanowire is placed above a metal substrate with a semi-cylinder metal ridge and the low-index dielectric gap between them is introduced for nanoscale field confinement. Our simulations show that mode area as low as λ 2 /1600 which is about three orders of the magnitude smaller than the diffraction-limit area in free space has been achieved for the proposed HPW. Compared with the early reported HPW with a high-index nanowire placed above a flat metal substrate without a semi-cylinder metal ridge, the proposed HPW has more tight lateral confinement and longer propagation distance, which also improves figure of merit (FOM). The propose HPW with truly nanoscale field confinement and low propagation loss has potential in applications such as low-threshold lasers.

We report on the stimulated Brillouin laser (SBL) and over-dense frequency comb generation in high-Q microbubble resonators (MBRs). Both first-order and cascaded SBL are achieved due to the rich high-order axial modes in the MBRs, although the free spectral range (FSR) of azimuthal mode of the MBR is severely mismatched with the Brillouin shift. The SBL is also generated by varying the internal pressure of MBR at fixed initially non-resonant pump light wavelength. In addition, over-dense frequency combs are realized with comb spacings that are one and two FSRs of aixal mode.

We report a single-mode dye-doped polymer microbottle resonator (MBR) laser. The selective single-mode lasing from different order whispering gallery modes is achieved by precisely controlling the axial and radial coupling position between a tapered nanofiber and an MBR, respectively. The side-mode suppression ratio is above 20 dB. By doping different fluorescence dyes into the MBR, single-mode lasers at various colors are demonstrated.

A thin-wall plasmonic micro-bubble resonator, which is a high-Q optofluidic silica bubble cavity with a thin Ag film on the inside wall of the bubble, is proposed and fabricated to manipulate coupling among various types of resonant modes by changing its wall thickness and refractive index of the liquid in the core. Coupling of high-Q whispering gallery mode/plasmonic resonant mode forms hybrid mode; the hybrid mode can again strongly couple with another interior plasmonic resonant mode in the bubble cavity to achieve tunable high-Q plasmonic resonance that can be feasibly accessed by standard tapered fiber coupling. Therefore, the novel cavity structure provides a unique, yet general, platform to study plasmonic/photonic, hybrid/plasmonic, and plasmonic/plasmonic coupling.

We proposed and theoretically investigated a hybrid plasmonics waveguide consisting of a tiptilted quadrate nanowire, which was embedded in a low-permittivity dielectric and placed on a metal substrate with a small gap distance. Due to the corner effect, the hybrid mode with extremely local field enhancement has the long propagation length and strong coupling strength between the dielectric nanowire and metal. By employing the simulations with different geometric parameters, the proposed waveguide can obtain better performances than the previous hybrid plasmonics waveguide, particularly in the subwavelength confinement (as small as λ2/1600), long-range propagation (millimeter range), and optical trapping forces (2.12 pN/W). The use of a naturally dielectric wedge tip of quadrate nanowire that can be chemically synthesized provides an efficient approach to circumvent the fabrication difficulty of shape wedge tips. The present structure provides an excellent platform for nanophotonic waveguides, nanolasers, nanoscale optical tweezers, and biosensing.

We propose a novel dielectric bow-tie nanocavity consisting of two tip-to-tip opposite triangle semiconductor nanowires, whose end faces are coated by silver nanofilms. Based on the advantages of the dielectric slot and tip structures, and the high reflectivity from the silver mirror, light can be confined in this nanocavity with low loss. We demonstrate that the mode excited in this nanocavity has a deep subwavelength mode volume of 2.8*10^-4 um3 and a high quality factor of 4.9*10^4 (401.3), consequently an ultrahigh Purcell factor of 1.6*10^7 (1.36*10^5), at 4.5 K (300 K) around the resonance wavelength of 1550 nm. This dielectric bow-tie nanocavity may find applications for integrated nanophotonic circuits, such as high-efficiency single photon source, thresholdless nanolaser, and cavity QED strong coupling experiments., Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures

The extremely local electric field enhancement and light confinement is demonstrated in dielectric waveguide with corner and gap geometry. The numerical results reveal the local electric field enhancement in the vicinity of the apex of fan-shaped waveguide. Classical electromagnetic theory predicts that the field enhancement and confinement abilities increase with decreasing radius of rounded corner ($r$) and gap ($g$), and show singularity for infinitesimal $r$ and $g$. For practical parameters with $r=g=10\,\mathrm{nm}$, the mode area of opposing apex-to-apex fan-shaped waveguides can be as small as $4\times10^{-3}A_{0}$ ($A_{0}=\lambda^{2}/4$), far beyond the diffraction limit. This way of breaking diffraction limit with no loss outperforms plasmonic waveguides, where light confinement is realized at the cost of huge intrinsic loss in the metal. Furthermore, we propose a structure with dielectric bow-tie antenna on a silicon-on-insulator waveguide, whose field enhancement increases by one order. The lossless dielectric corner and gap structures offer an alternative method to enhance the light-matter interaction without metal nano-structure, and will find applications in quantum electrodynamics, sensors and nano-particle trapping., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures

We develop a new, simple and non-destructive method to precisely measure the thickness of thin wall micro bubble resonators (MBRs) by using internal aerostatic pressure sensing. Measurement error of 1% at a bubble wall thickness of 2 μm is achieved. This method is applicable to both thin wall and thick wall MBR with high measurement accuracy.

Passive and active polymer micro bottle resonators (MBRs) are fabricated. Equatorial whispering gallery modes and bottle modes are clearly identified, with highest loaded quality (Q) factor above 10(5). Lasing with threshold as low as 1 nJ/pulse is realized in active MBRs. Mode selective lasing is achieved by coupling a tapered fiber to equatorial whispering gallery modes or a group of bottle modes. The bottle mode free spectral range (FSR) is found to be about one fifth of the equatorial modes.

We propose a novel hybrid plasmonic microcavity which is composed of a silver nanoring and a silica toroidal microcavity. The hybrid mode of the proposed hybrid plasmonic microcavity due to the coupling between the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and the dielectric mode is demonstrated with a high quality factor (>1000) and an ultrasmall mode volume (∼0.8 μm3). This microcavity shows great potential in fundamental studies of nonlinear optics and cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED) and applications in low-threshold plasmonic microlasers.