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Anhui Province is one of the cradles of Chinese civilization, and its intangible cultural heritage resources are very rich. It is very important to inherit and protect intangible cultural heritage to help the development of rural revitalization in Anhui Province. Since 2006, Anhui Province has made continuous efforts in the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage, actively responded to national policies, and implemented the implementation rules of intangible cultural heritage protection, but the development of intangible cultural heritage is still not optimistic. This paper mainly analyzes the problems of intangible cultural heritage analyzed by NVivo software, the policies given by the national government, the interaction between rural revitalization and intangible cultural heritage, and the financial situation of the country for intangible cultural heritage, and puts forward suggestions for fiscal and tax support policies that help promote rural revitalization for the inheritance and development of intangible cultural heritage.

Cellulose is the most widely distributed polymer material in nature and is considered a low-cost, green and recyclable material. Because of its excellent mechanical, optical and thermal properties, people are interested in the research of cellulose-based flexible electronic devices. Among them, bacterial cellulose has a low fiber bundle size during the production process and is easier to process to obtain nanofibers. Hereby, in this study the composite thermoelectric film was prepared from bacterial cellulose nanofibers (BCNFs) and copper iodide (CuI), a low-toxicity thermoelectric material. Hydrophobic properties of the composite thermoelectric film were obtained by immersing in AKD emulsion. It showed good mechanical flexibility and high biocompatibility. CuI particles can be recovered successfully through cellulase simulating the degradation process, and the closed-loop of preparation-recycling can be completed. In addition, it achieves an open circuit voltage of 11.3 mV and output power of 2.76 nW at a temperature difference of 70 K. This work not only confirms the environmental protection of CuI/BCNF thermoelectric film, but also provides a strategy for the recycling of thermoelectric equipment.

In this study, environmentally friendly TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TO-CNF)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyethyleneimine (PEI) nanoparticles were obtained by assembling PEI into TO-CNF/PVA aerogel, which was prepared by freeze-drying method with the help of glutaraldehyde. FTIR results showed that PEI likely assembled into the TO-CNF/PVA aerogel due to appearances of bending vibration of the TO-CNF/PVA/PEI nanoparticles at 1615 cm−1. BET results further demonstrated that PEI have successfully assembled into the aerogel since the specific surface area (22.93 m2 /g) of TO-CNF/PVA /PEI nanoparticles was lower than that (56.37 m2 /g) of TO-CNF/PVA aerogel. SEM results also showed that PEI could obviously regulate the morphology of TO-CNF/PVA aerogel. TGA indicated that TO-CNF/PVA/PEI nanoparticles were structurally stable at 216.4 °C. The adsorption kinetics of the TO-CNF/PVA/PEI nanoparticles for copper ion (Cu2+) removal presented good correlations with the Pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir model (R2 > 0.99). Its maximum adsorption capacity for Cu2+ according to Langmuir model was 156.8 mg/g. The adsorption equilibrium could reach in near one hour, and the adsorption efficiency could still maintain more than 80% after 3 cycles.

Some structures and properties of hydrogel or aerogel tissue engineering scaffolds can be regulated by adding nanocellulose due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, hydrophilic and excellent mechanical properties. In this review, we briefly introduce the category, characteristics and preparation methods of nanocellulose. Then we cover the most recent work on nanocellulose based hydrogel or aerogel scaffolds, and present an in-depth discussion of the roles of nanocellulose in skin, bone, vessel, cartilage, soft tissue, muscle, heart and tooth hydrogel or aerogel scaffolds. The addition of nanocellulose not only has a great influence on the Young’s modulus, compressive Young’s modulus, swelling rate, gel time, surface morphology, porosity, the antibacterial properties of scaffolds, but also can regulate the balances among these properties in order to promote the proliferation rates of cells and the biorecognition sites of the scaffolds. Finally, some challenges of nanocellulose based scaffolds are also prospected. We anticipate that the review supplies some guides for nanocellulose applied in scaffolds.

In this study, eucalyptus raw materials were pre-hydrolyzed and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were prepared. The effect of prehydrolysis conditions on the micro-structure of dissolving pulp-based CNFs was studied, and the hydrogen bond change and crystal structure in CNFs were analyzed by FTIR peak fitting and X-ray diffractometer. The results showed that prehydrolysis would not change the crystal structure of CNFs, but could break up the intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds of CNFs. An increase in the prehydrolysis temperature would promote the breaking of the intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the amorphous region of CNFs, which leads to an increase in the crystallinity of CNFs. Long-time prehydrolysis treatments not only broke up the intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the amorphous region of CNFs, but also intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the crystalline region. Analyses of SEM and gas adsorption revealed that some nanopores became more and more large, and some small nanopores appeared on the surface of the CNFs with the increase of prehydrolysis intensity. The appearance of large or small nanopores on the surface of the CNFs were likely due to the breakage of hydrogen bonds in CNFs. The intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds of cellulose could be destroyed by changing prehydrolysis conditions, which resulted in appearance of a lot of nanopores on the surface of the CNFs. The DSC and TGA analyses revealed that the prehydrolysis has a little impact on the thermal stability of CNFs. This work can provide a tunable pathway of micro-structure of CNFs by controlling prehydrolysis process.

Plant fiber isolated cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are the materials with excellent mechanical properties. However, application of CNFs in polymer reinforcement is normally unsatisfactory due to its intertwined size distribution. Efforts to produce uniform sized CNFs have yet to be studied. In present work, spiral microchannel was used to fractionate CNFs based on the balance between inertial lift force (FL) and Dean drag force (FD) exerted on CNFs. The results showed that the smaller length of CNFs equilibrated near the inner microchannel while the larger length of CNFs occupied the equilibrium position away from the inner wall. With the increase of flowrates from 50 to 220 μL/min, fractionation efficiency between inner and middle outlet (EIM) of spiral microchannel A with larger radius curvature (R) from 5 to 15 mm increased from 0 to 75.4%. However, stronger Dean flow attributing to decrease of R (3 mm to 10 mm) of single spiral microchannel B enabled satisfactory fractionation efficiency of 70.9% at flowrate of 90 μL/min. Moreover, the fractionation efficiency of double spiral microchannel with twice as length as microchannel A and three times as length as microchannel B was lower than that of single spiral microchannel at flowrate lower than 90 μL/min. Furthermore, this study exhibited a versatile and simple method for CNFs fractionation with high fractionation efficiency.

Zinc-air batteries with high theoretical energy density have gained tremendous research interest as one of the candidate energy storage devices for flexible and portable electronic devices. Improving the performance of solid-state batteries (such as work stability, service life, etc.) has become a significant problem at present, and the choice of the ideal flexible solid electrolyte material as a “bridge” plays a vital role in flexible batteries. In this work, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based cellulose composite hydrogel electrolyte (HGE) was synthesized by carboxyl modified nanocellulose (C-CNFs), and the optimum adding amount of C-CNFs was screened. The PVA-based cellulose composite HGE had excellent environmental stability and high ion migration efficiency. After standing and full exposure for 48 h at room temperature, the mass loss was only 21.4%, and the initial ion conductivity reaches 3.12 × 10−1S·cm−1. In addition, the composite HGE had a specific improvement in thermal stability and tensile mechanical properties. The assembled flexible zinc-air battery (F-ZAB) showed excellent cycle life and discharge capacity. What's more, the F-ZAB can work continuously and stably at a bending angle of 180° with high flexibility and safety.

The aims of this study were to study the performance changes of S-CNCs (spherical cellulose nanocrystals) modified by OSA (octenyl succinic anhydride) stabilized Pickering oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and contact angle change of the MS-CNCs (modified spherical cellulose nanocrystals) prove the successful modification of OSA and the improvement of hydrophobicity. The effect of a series of MS-CNCs concentration on the volume mean diameter, emulsion ratio, stability and micro-rheological characteristic viscosity of the emulsion was studied. The results show that the emulsifying ability of the S-CNCs have been greatly improved. In addition, at a concentration of 10g/l, the volume mean diameter reaches the nanometer level (0.95 µm), and the emulsion ratio reaches 100%, while still maintaining its unique ultra-low viscosity characteristics. Furthermore, the emulsion still exhibits high-strength resistance to ionic strength, but exhibits unique responsiveness to pH (pH≤5) at special stages.

Hornification are usually occurred in cellulosic fibers and even in nanocellulose fibrils during dehydration process but their mesoscopic structural changes is not fully understood. Here we investigated the structural features of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with different solid content. In order to avoid the effect of drying, liquid AFM mode was carried out in this work. The different water contents of nanocellulose were quantified by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). We showed evidence of extreme growth in radial direction in the redispersed nanocelluloses, analyzed by statistics of contours from microscopy images. The amount of free water, freezing bound water, and non-freezing bound water decreased gradually during water evaporation and were completely removed in sequence. In addition, the hydroxyl accessibility of both redispersed CNCs and CNF were reduced by 83.33% and 81.96% via evaluating the uptake of fluorescent dyes.

Nanofibrillated cellulose is obtained from cellulose resources (e.g., Natural cellulose, bacterial cellulose) and is deemed to be environmentally friendly, green, and inexhaustible. Accordingly, we reported an innovative method for fluorine-free water- and oil/grease-repellent surface based on porous cellulose-based materials. In order to improve oil/grease resistance, sulfonated nanofibrillated cellulose (SNFC) was coated on the surface to fill the porous, the obtained paper was soaked in chitosan aqueous solution as the second layer. The-SNFC-chitosan-coated paper was applied with modified polyvinyl alcohol (MPVA) as the third layer to increase water resistance and water vapour transmittance. The experimental results showed 5.2 g/m2 SNFC, 2.5 g/m2 chitosan and 7% MPVA demonstrated excellent kit rating value of 12/12 (maximum grease resistance) (oil resistance contact angle is 103.93°), good water resistance (water contact angle is 108.6°) and high water vapour transmission rate (4.8 × 10–14 g cm/cm2 s Pa) under the condition of 90% relative humidity. This non-fluorinated and practical method is an excellent alternative to existing fluorinated materials, which will further promote the development of cellulose-based packaging.

In this study, environmentally friendly CNF/PVA/PEI nanoparticle was obtained by assembling PEI (polyethyleneimine) into CNF/PVA aerogels, which were prepared by freeze-drying method with the help of glutaraldehyde. FTIR results showed that PEI likely assembled into the CNF/PVA aerogel due to appearances of bending vibration of the CNF/PVA/PEI nanoparticle at 1615cm− 1. BET results further demonstrated that PEI have successfully assembled into aerogel since the specific surface area (22.93m2/g) of CNF/PVA/PEI nanoparticle was lower than that (56.37m2/g) of CNF/PVA aerogel. SEM results also showed that PEI could obviously regulate the morphology of CNF/PVA aerogel. TGA indicated that CNF/PVA/PEI nanoparticle was structurally stable at 216.4°C. The adsorption kinetics of the CNF/PVA/PEI nanoparticle for Cu2+ removal presented good correlations with the Pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption and desorption results showed that the removal rate of 2g/L CNF/PVA/PEI nanoparticle for Cu2+in water could reach more than 93% when the concentration of Cu2+ ranged from 20 to 80mg/L in one hour, and it could still retain more than 80% after 3 cycles.

Collagen fiber has attracted much attention due to its good biocompatibility and biodegradability. In the present research, we prepared a type of non-fluorine hydrophobic and oil-resistant material using collagen fiber, chitosan, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as raw materials. To improve oil/grease resistance, the first layer filled the porous matrix and was made from the cross-linking product of collagen fiber/chitosan and glutaraldehyde. This was followed by a simple coating of PDMS, to increase hydrophobicity and water resistance. Notably, 10 g/m2 of cross-linking product and 6 g/m2 of PDMS had a low pore size as well as a smooth and uniform surface, which made the composites exhibit excellent hydrophobic and oil-resistant properties (water contact angles of 141°), water and oil resistance (kit rating value of 12/12) and mechanical properties. Fluorine-free environment-friendly materials with high water and oil resistance play an important role in promoting the development of high-performance materials for food packaging.

Nano cellulose has attracted more attentions as promising stabilizer candidate for Pickering emulsions due to its renewable and biocompatible properties. In this work, spherical cellulose nanocrystals (S-CNCs) (diameter 30–60 nm) were prepared by mixed acid hydrolysis of mercerized microcrystalline cellulose under the treatment of ultrasonic. We characterized the Pickering emulsions stabilized by various S-CNCs concentration in the aqueous phase and visualized their distribution in emulsions system. The diameter of emulsion droplets has no increase after 7 days storage. The emulsions present ultra-low viscosity even at a high S-CNCs concentration in the aqueous phase (5 g/L). Furthermore, noting that Pickering emulsions droplets stabilized by S-CNCs exhibited high stability even pH, ionic strengths, and temperatures changed in wide range. Thus, the S-CNCs acted as a new stabilizer for Pickering emulsion open opportunities for the development of biomedicine, cosmetics, and food applications.

This work explored the fluorescence properties of nano/cellulose isolated from bleached softwood kraft pulp by TEMPO oxidation. Fluorescence spectra showed that all samples exhibited a typical emission peak at 574 nm due to the probabilistic formation of unsaturated bonds by glycosidic bonds independent of lignin. Increasing the excitation wavelengths (510–530 nm) caused red shift of fluorescence emission peaks (570–585 nm) with unchanged fluorescence intensity. Conversely, changing acid/alkaline conditions led to an increase of fluorescence intensity with no shifting of fluorescence emission peak. This can be attributed to an increase in the polarity of the solution environment but does not cause interaction of functional groups within the system identified by generalized two-dimensional correlation fluorescence spectroscopy. This study provides new insight in applying nano/cellulose with special luminous characteristics in biomedicine area such as multi-color biological imaging and chemical sensing.

Wood is one of the most abundant materials in nature, with excellent mechanical properties and anisotropy. Its main component, cellulose has excellent dispersion properties and biocompatibility after nano-treatment, which has aroused the interest of researchers. Therefore, this study prepared a thermoelectric aerogel based on carboxylated nanocellulose fiber and carbon nanotube, and made it have a wood-like anisotropic structure through directional freezing technology. The aerogel exhibited excellent mechanical properties and had the stress of up to 152 kPa when compressed at 90%. It also exhibited low thermal conductivity (0.03-0.08 W/mK) and density (7.5 mg/cm

The effect of three nanocellulose (various in crystalline allomorph and morphology) on lipid in vitro gastrointestinal digestibility was investigated. Corn oil-in-water emulsions were prepared by CNCs-I, CNCs-II and CNFs respectively. The variations of droplets diameter D[4,3], zeta potential, and microstructure were measured during gastrointestinal digestion (mouth, stomach and small intestine), and the free fatty acid (FFA) released in the small intestine phase were examined. The FFA-released test results indicated that both crystalline allomorph and morphology of nanocellulose affected the degree of lipid digestion, especially the morphology. FFA released amount was ranked in the order of CNCs-I (56.60%), CNCs-II (48.67%) and CNFs (28.21%). This is mainly due to the difference in the self-assembly behavior of nanocellulose at the interface. Our findings provide an innovative solution that using nanocellulose as food-grade particle stabilizer to modulate the digestion of Pickering emulsified lipids, which would benefit the development of given functional foods.

Degradable bio-based materials have been widely considered as functional coatings, however, it is a great challenge to fabricate biodegradable coatings with high barrier, water- and oil- resistance. In this work, such coatings were fabricated by using collagen fibers (CF), sodium alginate (SA), and polyvinyl butyral (PVB). CF and SA were mixed evenly and coated on Ca2+ pretreated filter paper. It was mainly due to the electrostatic adsorption between collagen fibers and sodium alginate, and the crosslinking between the adsorption products and Ca2+. By coating PVB solution, the barrier performance was further improved. Notably, the composite exhibited excellent water vapor resistance (48 g/m2·24 h), water resistance (31 g/m2), oil resistance (kit rating: 12/12) and good mechanical properties. This degradable, environmentally friendly, and simple composite paper method has excellent barrier properties, mechanical properties and fluorine-free properties, and will have many applications in the food and packaging fields.

In the present study, a dual - modified lignin (DML) adsorbent, which exhibits a high adsorption capacity for Pb2+, was prepared through the reaction of alkaline lignin with ClCH2COOH and CS2. The main objective of the present was to prepare a biomass-based adsorbent that is suitable for scavenging heavy metals from wastewater. The DML was characterized using Fourier transform-infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Elemental Analysis, Conductivity titration, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The results show that carboxyl and ‒CSS‒ components are introduced into the DML, and the corresponding concentrations were 1.3 mmol/g and 30.5 %, yielding an adsorbent with a specific surface area of 3.13 m2/g. The rough aggregated porous structure of the DML enhances the adsorption of Pb2+. An adsorption experiments reveal that the Pb2+ adsorption by the DML is adequately represented by a pseudo - second-order kinetic equation, and these produced a maximum Pb2+ adsorption capacity of 208.3 mg/g. XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) results demonstrates that complexation and electrostatic attraction constitute the Pb2+ adsorption mechanisms associated with the DML. The adsorbent produced in the present study is valuable for protecting water quality and the environment, and provides another avenue for the utilization of lignin.

Enzyme treatment is a potential strategy for producing cellulose fibrils but its evolution of the mesoscopic and microcosmic structures is not fully understood. In this work, the effect of the properties and microstructures of cellulose bleached hardwood kraft pulp (BHKP) subjected to different enzyme treatment times (0−10 h) on further fibrillation was explored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the enzyme treatment did not change the crystal structure of cellulose but destroyed the intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds, leading to the increase of the crystal index and size. A thorough investigation on the relation between treatment and evolution of inter-/intra-molecular H-bonds in cellulose including content and cleave sequence of H-bonds was conducted by FTIR peak fitting, second derivative analysis and generalized two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS). Compared to intramolecular H-bonds, the intermolecular H-bonds was first broken with a significant decrease in content. In addition, enzyme treatment could promote the peeling of fibrils, and various properties such as yield, water retention value, aspect ratio, and degree of polymerization, etc. were gradually reduced over time relative to the original material, these discoveries provide a theoretical support to a more effective treatment method for the commercial production of cellulose fibrils.

Cellulose is the most abundant polymer material in nature. After being produced on the nanometer scale, it is widely used in research on flexible energy storage equipment and power supply equipment. Therefore, this study has prepared a nanocomposite thermoelectric material based on multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and carboxylated nanocellulose fiber (C-CNF) and obtained a free-standing paper-based thermoelectric generator (TEG) through a simple printing method. The equipment exhibits excellent mechanical flexibility. At the same time, the thermal conductivity is significantly reduced under the dual effects of paper and C-CNF (is reduced to 0.02–0.09 W/mK). The TEG prototype has four P-shaped feet. Under a temperature gradient of 70 K, the open circuit voltage is 3.3 mV, and the output power is up to 3.7 nW. This work not only confirms the improvement of MWCNT thermoelectric performance by C-CNF but also provides a new strategy for the preparation of low-cost and environmentally friendly thermoelectric generators.

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have excellent properties, such as reproducibility, low biodegradability and a large amount of reactive hydroxyl groups on the surface. This study focused on the labeling efficiency and fluorescent properties of the fluorescent labeling of CNCs by means of electrostatic adsorption and covalent bonding. The CNCs in the sample were approximately 94.76% successfully labeled with dyes, and the number of dye molecules adsorbed by per CNC was approximately 208 by electrostatic adsorption. For the sample covalently linked, the efficiency of the fluorescent labeling was 95.51%, and the number of dye molecules attached to per CNC was 1038. The quenching mode of the fluorescent CNCs was dynamic quenching. The fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield of the fluorescent CNCs increased by 1-2 times compared to the free dye. A thorough investigation of the relation between the binding mechanism and the fluorescent properties in fluorescent CNCs was conducted.

This experiment initially explored the clean production process of nanocellulose fibrils (NFC) using commercial softwood pulp as raw materials, and selected appropriate biological enzyme pretreatment to prepare NFC1 with a higher concentration. Compared with NFC2 obtained by TEMPO oxidation method, it is found that the diameter of NFC1 obtained by enzymatic pretreatment method (10-30nm) is similar to that of NFC2 (20-30nm). But the length of NFC1 (1-4μm) is much longer than the length of NFC2 (400-600nm). In addition, the influence of two kinds of NFC on the physical strength of paper is also explored. Experimental results show that: NFC1 is better than NFC2 in enhancing the physical strength of paper. And when cationic starch and NFC act synergistically, the enhancement effect is obviously better than using NFC alone or cationic starch alone. When the addition amount of NFC1 is (1.5±0.5)%, the tensile index, burst index, and tear index of the resulting paper increase by (43±3)%, (55±1)%, (37±2), respectively %. When the amount of NFC2 added is (1.5±0.5)%, the paper tensile index is (29±2)%. When the amount of NFC2 added is about (3±1)%, the paper’s bursting index and tearing index growth rate are (29±1)% and (33±1)% respectively.

Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) is deemed to be environmentally friendly, green and inexhaustible material. Herein, Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) large length-diameter ratio were prepared by enzymatic pretreatment and mechanical method, and it was added into pulp as reinforcing agent to improve the performance of paper. The retention and loss efficiency of NFC in the paper preparation process were studied, and the retention and loss efficiency were characterized by analyzing the mechanical properties of the paper. It was found that the retention and loss efficiency of NFC decreased with the increase of NFC content. The addition of retention system in papermaking process has a positive effect on the retention efficiency of NFC. NFC can be uniformly distributed in the paper up to 8% with low addition. In addition, retention system can improve the mechanical properties of paper with high NFC content. Compared with the base paper, tensile strength, roughness, stiffness and air permeability of the paper increased by 111.38%, 100.95%, 152.63% and 96.80% respectively.

This work explored the autofluorescence properties of nanocellulose which isolated from different raw materials (dissolving pulp, bleaching chemical pulp) using acid hydrolysis, mechanically refining and TEMPO oxidation. Results showed that all samples show a typical emission peak at 574 nm due to glycosidic linkages and aliphatic C=O absorption identified by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy independent of lignin. Increasing the excitation wavelengths (510-530 nm) caused red shift of fluorescence emission peaks (570-582nm) with unchanged fluorescence intensity. Conversely, changing acid/alkaline conditions led to an increase of fluorescence intensity with no shifting of fluorescence emission peak.This study provides new insight in applying nanocellulose with special luminous characteristics in biomedicine area such as multi-color biological imaging.

Zinc-air battery (ZAB) with high theoretical energy density and low-cost characteristics has become one of the future candidate energy storage devices for flexible and portable electronic devices. If the application of ZAB in this field is to be promoted, how to improve the performance of solid-state batteries (such as cycle stability, discharge capacity) is the main problem at present. Flexible solid electrolyte plays a vital role in it. In this work, Carboxyl modified cellulose nanofibers (C-CNFs) was prepared by controlling the degree of carboxyl modification, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based cellulose composite gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) was synthesized. The optimal PVA-based composite GPE was selected to exhibit high ionic conductivity (0.31 S cm−1), excellent water retention and good tensile mechanical strength under environmental conditions. The assembled flexible zinc-air battery (ZAB) exhibits excellent cycle stability, discharge performance and power density. ZAB based on PVA-C-CNFs GPE can work continuously and stably for 50 hours, and at the same time has high cost-effectiveness and safety.

In this work, we report a new characterization method using fluorescent cellulose nanofibrils to analyze retention and loss rates in the papermaking process. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were isolated from chemical pulp by enzymatic pretreatment and used as a strengthening additive in sheet forming. The aim of this paper was to investigate its effects on flocculation, retention and loss rate and the physical and mechanical properties. CNF was subjected to fluorescent labeling with RBITC (Rhodamine B isothiocyanate), and the retention of fluorescent cellulose nanofibrils (FCNF) was analyzed by elemental analysis and fluorescence intensity. The retention and loss rate of the FCNF decreased with increasing the addition of FCNF. Laser Confocal Scanning Microscopy (LCSM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images confirmed that FCNF can be evenly distributed in the paper. A thorough investigation of the relation between the retention rate and papersheet performance was conducted.