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The concept of disaster prevention and mitigation is vital for the safe development of urban underground space. Considering the coexistence of natural and engineering safety risks, the concept needs to be improved for further development of the urban underground space, and it is imperative to follow a disaster-adaptation-oriented concept that emphasizes post-disaster recovery resilience of the urban underground space. This study analyzes the implications and influencing factors of recovery resilience and summarizes the research on recovery resilience from the engineering and non-engineering perspectives. Moreover, the development status of recovery resilience research is analyzed from the aspects of structural system, evaluation method, management mechanism, space planning, and emergency plan. On this basis, a strategy that consists of three stages and an evaluation system is proposed; it categorizes post-disaster recovery into three stages—emergency rescue, recovery, and plan adaptation—and proposes recovery goals for each stage, providing a basis for the establishment of a recovery resilience evaluation system for the urban underground space.Furthermore, we suggest that the management regulations and emergency plans of the urban underground space should be optimized, the resilience planning improved, and intelligent management promoted, thereby realizing the orderliness and high efficiency of urban underground space recovery.

Cities consume a large amount of energies owing to their high population density and centralized economy, and have high concentration of various risks. Energy and transportation are key areas for carbon emission reduction in urban areas and significant components of urban lifeline engineering. Therefore, the integrated development of energy and transportation systems is crucial for the low-carbon and resilient construction of cities. This study first reviews the low-carbon and resilient development status of urban rail transit and energy systems, covering three aspects: low-carbon development of urban rail transit, resilience assessment and improvement, and security protection and risk assessment of energy storage systems. Moreover, the concept of an underground-spacesupported multi-energy-integrated urban rail transit system is proposed, elaborating the operating modes of the system in normal times and extreme conditions. Subsequently, benefits of the proposed system are analyzed from the perspectives of environment, economy,and society, and future research directions and key problems to be solved are introduced. Furthermore, the following suggestions are proposed: (1) improving the policy mechanism for the multi-energy-integrated urban rail transit system and promoting coordinated governance by multiple departments, (2) constructing a technology innovation system for the system to realize low-carbon, safe, and efficient operation of urban rail transit, and (3) promoting the development of a coordinated management system for urban power grids and rail transit to enhance urban resilience.

Although low emission hydrogen has the prospect of huge growth in the future, the cost challenge hinders the deployment and makes it weak in the global market share. Green hydrogen has the advantage of zero carbon emission and has achieved rapid development with the support of renewable energy. Limited by investment, electricity and technology, the large-scale application of green hydrogen faces challenges in the short term. Blue hydrogen comes from natural gas reforming, and its output is guaranteed. However, its production reaction requires high energy consumption and additional carbon emission treatment, resulting in insufficient sustainability. To solve the problem of high-efficiency and large-scale production of low emission hydrogen, a hydrogen co-production scheme combining photovoltaic electrolysis and natural gas reforming with CCS was proposed in this study. Electrolytic hydrogen production, natural gas autothermal reforming, CO 2 sequestration and saline purification in the cogeneration hydrogen production system are coupled by energy and materials such as electricity, O 2 , CO 2 and water. The scheme is applied in Sichuan-Chongqing region to verify the feasibility and effectiveness. The results show that the proposed hydrogen co-production scheme can achieve cost reduction of up to 16.4%, and has long-term development prospects. [Display omitted] • Identifies the development status and bottlenecks of low-emission hydrogen. • Proposes a zero carbon emission co-production scheme of green and blue hydrogen. • Verifies the feasibility and benefit of the scheme in Sichuan-Chongqing region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen energy storage plays an important role in improving the operation efficiency and reliability of power systems with high wind energy penetration. Hydrogen to power (HtP) system is the key link of hydrogen applications. However, the single HtP equipment is limited in power output range and efficiency. Hybrid HtP system is an important scheme to realize the performance complementary. A wider power output range can enrich the application scenarios of hydrogen energy storage and provide flexible and reliable energy scheduling in larger and more complex energy systems. In this study, first, a power system including traditional units, wind power generation and hybrid HtP system is established. Second, a bi‐layer hybrid HtP system optimal configuration model considering planning and operation is constructed. Then, a bi‐layer optimal configuration method based on the improved PSO algorithm is proposed. Finally, the optimization model and its solution method are applied to IEEE RTS‐96. The discussions based on the optimization results show that the hybrid HtP system has significant contributions in optimizing the output cost of traditional units, improving the utilization of wind energy, and reducing load shedding losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To identify key biomarkers for predicting the response to immunotherapy and elucidate the possible underlying mechanism in lung adenocarcinoma based on whole-genome sequencing. Methods Data set of MSKCC (Science 2015) with lung adenocarcinoma from TCGA database were downloaded. According to the duration time of response to immunotherapy, two groups were divided: durable clinical benefit (DCB) group and non-durable clinical benefit (Non-DCB) group. The differences in gene mutation spectrum between the two groups were analyzed. The key genes and underlying biological functions of immunotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma were further analyzed. Results There were differences in gene mutation spectrum between the DCB group and the Non-DCB group. In the DCB group, these key genes were mainly involved in Ca signaling pathway, Rap1 and PI3K-AKT pathways. The top 6 hub genes (KRAS, PPP2CB, CDC20, DYNC1I2, BRCA1 and AKAP9) were screened using the PPI network analysis. CDC20 and BRCA1 were associated with the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Conclusion The hub genes involved in the DCB group might be important to guide the classification of immune signature and improve precision immunotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma. In addition, CDC20 and BRCA1 might be potential therapeutic targets for immunotherapy of lung adenocarcinoma.

Synthetic micro/nanomotors have attracted considerable attention due to their promising potential in the field of biomedicine. Despite their great potential, major micromotors require chemical fuels or complex devices to generate external physical fields for propulsion. Therefore, for future practical medical and environmental applications, Mg-based micromotors that exhibit water-powered movement and thus eliminate the need for toxic fuels, and that display optimal biocompatibility and biodegradability, are attracting attention. In this review, we summarized the recent microarchitectural design of Mg-based micromotors for biomedical applications. We also highlight the mechanism for realizing their water-powered motility. Furthermore, recent biomedical and environmental applications of Mg-based micromotors are introduced. We envision that advanced Mg-based micromotors will have a profound impact in biomedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]