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Alloy 625 plays a crucial role in high-pressure hydrogen environments typical of hydrogen refuelling stations, where cyclic temperature and loading conditions prevail. In this study, we reveal that hydrogen-induced ductility loss of nickel-based alloy 625 significant difference which change from 11.9% at slow strain rate to 20.1% at conventional strain rate. The difference can be attributed to a change in deformation mode: from dislocation slipping under slow strain rate to twinning under conventional strain rate. Specifically, hydrogen-refined deformation twins and the promotion of twin bundles under conventional strain rates diminish the twin-induced plasticity effect of the alloy. This shift in deformation mode also alters the hydrogen embrittlement mechanism across the two strain rates. These findings provide valuable insights for hydrogen embrittlement-resistant designing and evaluating hydrogen compatibility for alloy 625. [Display omitted] • The nickel-based alloy 625 has more significant hydrogen-induced ductility loss at 5 × 10−3 s−1 than that at 5 × 10−6 s−1. • The deformation mode change from dislocation slipping at 5 × 10−6 s−1 to twinning at 5 × 10−3 s−1. • Hydrogen weakens the TWIP effect of the alloy because of hydrogen refining DTs. • Hydrogen will promote the formation of deformation twin bundles, resulting in cracking along DTs. • A new mechanism of hydrogen-induced cracking along DTs in nickel-based alloys was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An advanced battery management system ensures the safe and efficient use of batteries in electric vehicles. As the state of charge (SOC) cannot be measured directly, it is important for the battery management system to accurately and reliably estimate the SOC of batteries. In order to estimate SOC, a first-order resistor-capacitance (RC) equivalent circuit model is used to describe the external characteristic of batteries. The model parameters are identified by forgetting factor recursive least-squares (FFRLS). Open circuit voltage (OCV) is one of the model parameters, and then SOC can be estimated by the SOC-OCV model. The CALCE battery research group in the University of Maryland has proposed some data, which include the data of LNMC/graphite battery working under dynamic stress test (DST) and Beijing dynamic stress test (BJDST) conditions. These data are used to verify the proposed algorithm. The results show that the estimation error does not exceed 3.419 0% in DST and 4.233 5% in BJDST, which indicates that the proposed method can realize online SOC estimation.

Context: In-feed antibiotics are commonly used to improve growth and gut health of weaning pigs. Due to anti-microbial resistance by extensively using antibiotics, however, in-feed antibiotics have been banned in Europe and China. Tremella fuciformis is a traditional edible fungus in China. Recent studies have found that Tremella fuciformis extract (TFE) has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and immune-modulatory functions. Therefore, there is the potential to develop Tremella fuciformis as an alternative to antibiotics. Aims: The study was performed to explore the effects of TFE on growth performance, and biochemical and immunological parameters of weaned piglets under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Methods: Forty-eight weaned piglets were assigned into two groups with six pens (four piglets per-pen), receiving a control diet or a control diet with 400 mg/kg TFE (TFE), respectively. After 28 days of the trial, two piglets per pen were selected to be injected with LPS (50 μg/kg of BW) or an equivalent amount of sterile saline. Blood samples were collected at 0 and 3 h after LPS challenge. Key results: The results showed that TFE supplementation significantly increased the average daily gain (P < 0.05) and decreased the faecal score (P < 0.05) during the first week, improved the feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05) and BWt gain (P < 0.05) during the whole period. Piglets fed the TFE diet had higher plasma levels of white blood cells (P < 0.05) than that of piglets fed the control diet diet before the LPS challenge. Regardless of the dietary treatment, the LPS challenge significantly decreased the level of white blood cells, and increased the levels of red blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit, total protein, interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α (all P < 0.05). Regardless of the LPS challenge, however, the concentrations of total protein, interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α were decreased (all P < 0.05) in the plasma of piglets fed the TFE diet compared with the control diet diet. Conclusions: In summary, the supplementation of TFE in the weaning diet could improve the growth performance and immunity of piglets. Implication: TFE could be used as a bioactive substance for improving growth and immune response in pig production. Due to the long-term use of antibiotics, pathogenic microorganisms have gradually developed drug resistance, threatening human health. This study found that Tremella fuciformis ferment substance could improve growth performance and immunity of piglets, and has the potential to replace feeding antibiotics. Tremella fuciformis ferment substance will greatly alleviate the emergence of resistance of pathogenic microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]