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Our knowledge of the vertical variabilities in turbulence and ozone perturbation in the free atmosphere is severely limited because of the scarcity of high-resolution observation data. Based on the Thorpe method, a new set of sounding data in Shanghai, China, was used herein to analyze the distributions of turbulence and ozone perturbation. The region in which turbulence activity is relatively frequent spans from 5-15 km in the middle and upper troposphere. Due to the combined action of large wind shear and thermal convection, the low-troposphere stratification conditions are conducive to the generation of large-scale turbulence. Turbulence has a certain effect on atmospheric ozone concentration exchanges; in most regions located near turbulence, ozone partial pressure perturbations occur. In the troposphere, the ozone profile is most influenced by atmospheric static instability, while in the stratosphere, both wind shear and thermal convection play important roles in the emergence of ozone perturbations.

Shupeng Liu,1,2,* Zilin Qin,1,* Jiongyuan Xu,1 Jianying Zeng,1 Jibing Chen,1 Lizhi Niu,1 Meng Xu2 1Department of Oncology, Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510665, China; 2Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China *These authors contributed equally to this work Objective: We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of irreversible electroporation (IRE) combined with chemotherapy for unresectable pancreatic carcinoma (stage III/IV). Methods: We prospectively enrolled 54 patients (30 men; median age 61.0 years; range 41–73 years) undergoing IRE with or without chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer between July 2015 and August 2016. Kaplan–Meier estimates were used to analyze progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Safety was assessed based on the occurrence of adverse events. Results: All patients successfully underwent IRE. Major IRE-related complications were observed in four patients (7.4%). Gastrointestinal hemorrhage only developed in cases undergoing IRE via the open method, and was successfully managed with interventional embolization and/or vascular ligation. Any minor complications in the cases were alleviated within 14 days after symptomatic treatment. Overall, the performance status score decreased from 1.06 to 0.89 at 3 months after IRE (P