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A low survival rate in patients with cardiac arrest is associated with failure to recognize the condition in its initial stage. Therefore, recognizing the warning symptoms of cardiac arrest in the early stage may play an important role in survival.To investigate the warning symptoms of cardiac arrest and to determine the correlation between the symptoms and outcomes.We included all adult patients with all-cause cardiac arrest who visited Peking University Third Hospital or Beijing Friendship Hospital between January 2012 and December 2014. Data on population, symptoms, resuscitation parameters, and outcomes were analysed.Of the 1021 patients in the study, 65.9% had symptoms that presented before cardiac arrest, 25.2% achieved restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and 7.2% survived to discharge. The patients with symptoms had higher rates of an initial shockable rhythm (12.2%Most patients had warning symptoms before cardiac arrest. Dyspnea, chest pain, and unconsciousness were the most common symptoms. Immediately recognizing these symptoms and activating the emergency medical system prevents resuscitation delay and improves the survival rate of OHCA patients in China.

We examined two tear faults, namely, Nos. 4 and 7 Faults, in Tarim Basin to investigate how a tear fault penetrates the salt layer. Using high-quality seismic data, we showed that No. 4 Fault penetrates the salt layer, whereas No. 7 Fault does not. We calculated the strata shortening data of Nos. 4 and 7 Faults. For No. 4 Fault, we observed shortening differences between the western and eastern sections in both the supra- and sub-salt strata, whereas for No. 7 Fault, we observed shortening differences only in the supra-salt strata. We demonstrated that under the action of thrusting, a tear fault could penetrate the salt layer if there is a shortening difference in the different positions of the sub-salt strata. A lack of shortening difference in the sub-salt strata implies that a tear fault cannot penetrate the salt layer, even though the sub-salt strata are deformed during thrusting.

The solvothermal reactions via the self-assemble approach produced two new metal–organic compounds, i.e., [Zn(4-cptpy)(HCOO)(H2O)]n·(DMF)n (1) and [Cd3(btc)2(4-cptpyH)(DMF)(H2O)3]n (2) (DMF is N,Nʹ-dimethylformamide, H3btc is benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, and 4-Hcptpy is 4-[2,6-bis(pyridine-4-yl)pyridine-4-yl]benzoic acid). Furthermore, the compounds’ luminescent performances have also been studied. Their application values against postoperative infectious endophthalmitis (PIE) were assessed and the related mechanism was explored at the same time. First of all, the activation levels of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κb) signaling pathway was measured with real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. In addition to this, the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection kit was further conducted and the and the content of inflammatory cytokines released after the cataract surgery was determined. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was also detected with CCK-8 assay.

The content, distribution and forms of the ferrum or calcium compounds in a crude oil, the corresponding vacuum residue (VR), hydrogenation feedstock and hydrogenation products were studied. The separation method was studied by column chromatography and solvent extraction method. This work indicated that in the process of column chromatographic separation, some ferrum or calcium compounds in the oil samples were irreversibly adsorbed on the chromatographic column, resulting in the loss of 58% of the ferrum compounds and 76% of calcium compounds. The solvent extraction method could effectively reduce the loss of the metal components and was suitable for the study of the content of metal elements. More than 97% of the ferrum or calcium compounds were distributed in the VR fraction. The 60%–90% of the ferrum or calcium compounds were distributed in the resin and asphaltene components. During the hydrogenation reaction, the ferrum or calcium compounds in vacuum residue were mainly removed from the resin components, and the overall removal ratio was close to 30%. The ferrum compounds preferred to bond in the asphaltene components and were difficult to remove. Through the process of atmospheric distillation and vacuum distillation of the crude oil, the relative distribution of the oil-soluble ferrum compounds decreased from 95.6% to 64.7%, and the relative distribution of the water-soluble ferrum compounds increased from 4.4% to 35.3%. Through the process of the hydrogenation reaction, 38% of the oil-soluble ferrum compounds were converted into the water-soluble ferrum compounds and 30% of the oil-soluble calcium compounds were converted into the water-soluble calcium compounds in the reaction.

Thyroid storm is usually due to a severe exacerbation of a preexisting thyrotoxicosis, which later leads to decompensation in different organ systems. Thyroid storm with malignant arrhythmia is rare, but the mortality rate is high. Malignant arrhythmia has usually occurred in some patients with hypokalemia or ischemic heart disease. The presentation of these arrhythmias in the initial phase of the disease is much less common, and only a few isolated cases are described in the scientific literature. This paper analyzes and summarizes the clinical characteristics of this disease through literature reviews, for clinicians early detection and diagnosis of this disease. We report a 51-year-old woman with diarrhoea, fever, thyroid storm, ventricular fibrillation and no potential heart disease. The case report is discussed using relevant data from literature. A total of 9 patients were reported in the literature, totalling 10 cases with ours, including 7 cases of ventricular fibrillation and 3 cases of ventricular tachycardia. Most of the treatments were antithyroid drugs, hormones and beta-receptor blockers, and 3 death cases. Patients with thyroid crisis need to be closely monitored for malignant arrhythmias. Early diagnosis and treatment may save lives.

The reaction of the carbazole ligand supported Ga(I) compound LGa(THF) (3) and 1-azido-4-(tert-butyl)benzene (ArN3) afforded the first stable tetrazagallole LGaN4Ar2 (4) bearing a three-coordinate Ga atom. Reduction of 4 with elemental potassium resulted in the radical dimer {[K(18-c-6)]+[4]˙-}2, featuring a strong antiferromagnetic interaction between the spin centers.

The evolution process and petroleum significance of two groups of fault structures, the NW-SE trending and near EW trending ones in the Cenozoic of Dongping-Niuzhong area of the Altyn slope, Qaidam Basin, were investigated using high precision 3-D seismic data. The NW-SE faults were generated in Oligocene, causing the formation of a series of folds related to transpression faults in the Niuzhong and Dongping area. After the Miocene, with the continuous extension of the Altyn Tagh strike-slip fault zone, the EW trending faults began to develop massively in Altyn slope. The activity of near EW trending faults and large-scale uplift of the bedrock in the northern Niuzhong area shared most of the compression torsion in Niuzhong and Dongping area, consequently, the activity of NW-SE trending faults weakened significantly after the Miocene. Then good hydrocarbon source rocks developed in the inherited Jurassic sags. The faults were effective pathways for oil and gas migration in Dongping and Niuzhong areas, and the oil and gas charging time matched well with the formation period of the NW-SE trending faults and their related structures, making the fault-related anticlines favorable targets for oil and gas accumulation. The Niuzhong area has been less affected by the Cenozoic movement after the Miocene, and thus has better conditions for gas reservoir preservation. Key words: Qaidam Basin, Altyn slope, Cenozoic, tectonic analysis, strike-slip fault, petroleum significance, Dongping-Niuzhong area

Although the water gas shift (WGS) reaction has sparked intensive attention for the production of high-purity hydrogen, the design of cost-efficient catalysts with noble metal-like performance still remains a great challenge. Here, we successfully overcome this obstacle by using Se-incorporated MoS2 with a 1T phase. Combining the optimized electronic structure, additional active sites from edge sites, and a sulfur vacancy based on the 1T phase, as well as the high surface ratio from the highly open structure, the optimal MoS1.75Se0.25 exhibits superior activity and stability compared to the conventional 2H-phase MoS2, with poor activity, large sulfur loss, and rapid inactivation. The hydrogen production of MoS1.75Se0.25 is 942 μmol, which is 1.9 times higher than MoS2 (504 μmol) and 2.8 times higher than MoSe2 (337 μmol). Furthermore, due to the lattice stabilization via Se-incorporation, MoS1.75Se0.25 exhibited excellent long-term stability without obvious change in more than 10 reaction rounds. Our resu...

The relationship between the sinistral strike-slip Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) and the internal tectonic deformation of the Qaidam Basin remains a controversial issue. Uncovering the relationship betwee...

Ferrous ion (FeII)-induced activation of persulfate (S2O82−), reference to the generation of sulfate radical (SO4 −), has attracted considerable attention in water treatment for refractory organic contaminants removal. However, two major challenges, i.e., the required acidic pH condition and the extremely slow FeIII/FeII redox cycle, limit the application of FeII/S2O82− process. Herein, the present work addresses S2O82− activation in aqueous solutions at neutral pH by a ferric-nitrilotriacetic (FeIII-NTA) complex under low pressure UVA irradiation. The results showed that UVA irradiation-induced FeIII-NTA reduction could effectively enhance FeIII/FeII redox cycle for the S2O82− activation under neutral pH condition. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) and radicals quenching tests indicated that the major reactive species included SO4 − and hydroxy radicals (HO ) in UVA/FeIII-NTA/S2O82− process, which contributed more than 80% degradation of a model compound carbamazepine (CBZ). In addition, comprehensive investigations were conducted on the important parameters including NTA:FeIII molar ratio, initial pH, FeIII-NTA and S2O82− dosages and their impacts on CBZ degradation kinetics. The critical NTA:FeIII molar ratio was determined at 1:1, above this ratio the excess NTA would act as a scavenger of SO4 −/HO thereby inhibiting the degradation of CBZ. The secondary reaction rate constant of NTA with SO4 − was determined at 5.89 × 107 M−1 s−1. Moreover, the degradation of CBZ by UVA/FeIII-NTA/S2O82− process in real water matrix (lake water, groundwater and tap water) with environmentally relevant concentration were conducted, and the efficacies were compared with UVA/FeIII-NTA/H2O2 (i.e., photo-Fenton-like) process. The degradation mechanism and pathway of CBZ were proposed on the basis of the identified intermediates by using LC-QTOF-MS technique.

In this paper, a high step up converter consisting of an integrated quadratic-boost converter and a voltage doubler is proposed. The integration of the quadratic-boost converter makes the system easier to lift up its voltage gain through slightly increasing the duty ratio of the single switch. The voltage doubler further increases the voltage gain of the system as the turn ratio rises. The voltage stresses on the switch and the diodes are decreased for such cascaded topology. Different operation modes are analyzed and mathematical analysis of the converter is presented in detail. The leakage inductance contributes to realizing zero current switching of the diodes in the second boost stage and the doubler and the energy can be recycled to the load. A 38-W prototype is built to work as a vehicle LED driver. Experiments are conducted to verify the advantages of the proposed converter and the efficiency is 90% at the nominal operating point.

A high-performance impedance-source converter utilizing switched inductor is proposed in this paper, which can be adopted in the applications demanding high-voltage conversion. The proposed converter not only retains the advantage of quasi-Z-source of sharing common ground between the input and output but also possesses the superiorities of enhanced boost ability and lower stresses as well as higher efficiency. Mathematical analysis of the converter and its performance comparison with other converters are presented in detail. Finally, a 100 W prototype is built and the experimental results are provided to verify the feasibility of the proposed converter.

In this paper, high-resolution three-dimensional seismic data are used to interpret a transpressional salt tectonic structure in the Yingxiongling area, Qaidam Basin, China. The geometries of the salt structure and the Shizigou fault system that intersects it are precisely depicted. The Shizigou fault system is composed of suprasalt and subsalt components. The suprasalt component is a Y-shaped reverse fault, and the subsalt component is a complex flower structure. In previous studies, suprasalt and subsalt components were interpreted as two independent fault systems. This paper proposes instead that the suprasalt and subsalt faults are kinematically related and decoupled across the salt layer.

Multiple stimuli-responsive nanoparticles that could respond to visible-light, pH and host-guest interactions were fabricated by self-assembly of tetra-ortho-methoxy-substituted azobenzene (mAzo) functionalized poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) (PDMAEMA-mAzo), which was synthesized by quaternization between the azobenzene derivative (mAzo-Br) and the dimethylaminoethyl units of PDMAEMA. The amphiphilic azobenzene-functionalized polymer (PDMAEMA-mAzo) would self-assemble into a micellar nanoparticle consisting of hydrophobic mAzo groups as a core and hydrophilic PDMAEMA segments as a shell. Under green light irradiation, the azobenzene could isomerize from the trans form to the cis, while the morphology of the nanoparticle changed little and the loaded Nile red would not be released. At acidic condition, the azobenzene mAzo and PDMAEMA could be protonated and the nanoparticle was swollen and the loaded Nile red would be released. When mixed with cyclodextrin (CD), the nanoparticles were dissociated due to the formation of the host-guest complex of CD and azobenzene. Upon green light irradiation, the trans azobenzene changed to the cis form and the host-guest interaction could be disrupted, where the cis-azobenzene-containing polymer would self-assemble into nanoparticles. The dissociation of the nanoparticles upon addition of CD would induce the release of loaded Nile red. The prepared multiple-responsive azobenzene functionalized polymer nanoparticles may offer significant opportunities for diverse applications in the fields of nanotechnology and biotechnology for controlled release as smart nanocarriers.

The solvothermal reactions via the self-assemble approach produced two new metal-organic compounds, i.e, [Zn(4-cptpy)(HCOO)(H2O)]n·n(DMF) (1) and [Cd3(btc)2(4-cptpyH)(DMF)(H2O)3]n (2) (DMF is N,N’-dimethylformamide, H3btc is benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, and 4-Hcptpy is 4-[2,6-bis(pyridine-4-yl)pyridine-4-yl]benzoic acid). Furthermore, the compounds’ luminescent performances have also been studied. As a result, compounds 1-2 show intense luminescence at room temperature. The evaluation of their application values against postoperative infectious endophthalmitis (PIE) was implemented and their specific mechanism was investigated. First of all, the real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed and the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κb) signaling pathway activation levels were measured. In addition to this, the inflammatory cytokines content released after the cataract surgery was determined through exploiting the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection kit.

Integration of a transgene into chromosomes of the C-genomes of oilseed rape (AACC, 2n = 38) may affect their gene flow to wild relatives, particularly Brassica juncea (AABB, 2n = 36). However, no empiric evidence exists in favor of the C-genome as a safer candidate for transformation. In the presence of herbicide selections, the first- to fourth-generation progenies of a B. juncea × glyphosate-tolerant oilseed rape cross [EPSPS gene insertion in the A-genome (Roundup Ready, event RT73)] showed more fitness than a B. juncea × glufosinate-tolerant oilseed rape cross [PAT gene insertion in the C-genome (Liberty Link, event HCN28)]. Karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization–bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC-FISH) analyses showed that crossed progenies from the cultivars with transgenes located on either A- or C- chromosome were mixoploids, and their genomes converged over four generations to 2n = 36 (AABB) and 2n = 37 (AABB + C), respectively. Chromosome pairing of pollen mother cells was more irregular in the progenies from cultivar whose transgene located on C- than on A-chromosome, and the latter lost their C-genome-specific markers faster. Thus, transgene insertion into the different genomes of B. napus affects introgression under herbicide selection. This suggests that gene flow from transgenic crops to wild relatives could be mitigated by breeding transgenic allopolyploid crops, where the transgene is inserted into an alien chromosome.

With the explosive growth of information data, the data storage system has stepped into the cloud storage era. Although the core of the cloud storage system is distributed file system in solving the problem of mass data storage, a large number of duplicate data exist in all storage system. File systems are designed to control how files are stored and retrieved. Fewer studies focus on the cloud file system deduplication technologies at the application level, especially for the Hadoop distributed file system. In this paper, we design a file deduplication framework on Hadoop distributed file system for cloud application developer. Proposed RFD-HDFS and FD-HDFS two data deduplication solutions process data deduplication online, which improves storage space utilisation and reduces the redundancy. In the end of the paper, we test the disk utilisation and the file upload performance on RFD-HDFS and FD-HDFS, and compare HDFS with the disk utilisation of two system frameworks. The results show that the two-system framework not only implements data deduplication function but also effectively reduces the disk utilisation of duplicate files. So, the proposed framework can indeed reduce the storage space by eliminating redundant HDFS file.

Clonorchis sinensis(C. sinensis) is one of the most serious food-borne parasites, which can lead to liver fibrosis or cholangiocarcinoma. Effective measures for clonorchiasis prevention are still urgently needed.Bacillus subtilis(B. subtilis) is an effective antigen delivery platform for oral vaccines.Chonorchis sinensisserpin (CsSerpin) was proved to be potential vaccine candidates. In this study, CsSerpin3 was displayed on the surface ofB. subtilisspore and recombinant spores were orally administrated to BALB/C mice. CsSerpin3-specific IgA levels in faecal, bile and intestinal mucous increased at 4–8 weeks after the first administration compared with those in control groups. The mucus production and the number of goblet cells in intestinal mucosa elevated inB.s-CotC-CsSerpin3 (CotC, coat protein ofB. subtilisspore) spores treated group compared to those in blank control. No significant difference in the activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase/ alanine aminotransferase and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase/aspartate aminotransferase were observed between groups. There was no side effect inflammation and observable pathological damage in the liver tissue of mice after administration. Moreover, collagen deposition and Ishak score were statistically reduced inB.s-CotC-CsSerpin3 spores treated mice. In conclusion,B. subtilisspores displaying CsSerpin3 could be investigated further as an oral vaccine against clonorchiasis.

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) hemorrhagic disease (GCHD), caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV), has given rise to an enormous loss in grass carp industry during the past years. Up to date, vaccination remained to be the most effective way to protect grass carp from GCHD. Oral vaccination is of major interest due to its advantages of noninvasive, time-saving, and easily-operated. The introduction of oral vaccination has profound impact on aquaculture industry because of its feasibility of extensive application for fish in various size and age. However, the main challenge in developing oral vaccine is that antigens are easily degraded and are easy to induce tolerance. Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) spores would be an ideal oral vaccine delivery system for their robust specialty, gene operability, safety and adjuvant property. VP4 protein is the major outer capsid protein encoded by GCRV segment 6 (S6), which plays an important role in viral invasion and replication. In this study, we used B. subtilis spores as the oral delivery system and successfully constructed the B. subtilis CotC-VP4 recombinant spores (CotC-VP4 spores) to evaluate its protective efficacy in grass carp. Grass carp orally immunized with CotC-VP4 spores showed a survival rate of 57% and the relative percent survival (RPS) of 47% after the viral challenge. Further, the specific IgM levels in serum and the specific IgZ levels in intestinal mucus were significantly higher in the CotC-VP4 group than those in the Naive group. The immune-related genes including three innate immune-related genes (IL-4/13A, IL-4/13B, CSF1R), four adaptive immune-related genes (BAFF, CD4L, MHC-II, CD8), three inflammation-related genes (IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β) and interferon type I (IFN-I) related signaling pathway genes were significantly up-regulated in the CotC-VP4 group. The study demonstrated that the CotC-VP4 spores produced protection in grass carp against GCRV infection, and triggered both innate and adaptive immunity post oral immunization. This work highlighted that Bacillus subtilis spores were powerful platforms for oral vaccine delivery, and the combination of Bacillus subtilis spores with GCRV VP4 protein was a promising oral vaccine.

Here we report a facile method to construct reversible visible-light-responsive switching from antibacterial to bioadhesion by host-guest self-assembly of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and azobenzene functionalized polycation/polyanion. The visible-light-responsible azobenzene functionalized polycation, poly{6-[(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)azo-4-(2′,6′-dimethoxy)phenoxy]propyl dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-random-poly(2-(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate) (Azo-PDMAEMA), was synthesized via quaternization reaction between 2,6,2′,6′-tetramethoxy-4-(3-bromopropoxy)azobenzene (AzoOMeBr) and poly(2-(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate) (PDMAEMA), and the polyanion, poly{6-[(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)azo-4-(2′,6′-dimethoxy) phenoxy]hexyl acrylate-random-acrylic acid} (Azo-PAA), was synthesized via esterification reaction between 2,6,2′,6′-tetramethoxy-4-(6-hydroxyhexyloxy) azobenzene (AzoOMeOH) and poly(acryloyl chloride) (PAC) and subsequent hydrolysis reactions. The switch surface could be achieved via the alternate host-guest assembly of Azo-PDMAEMA and Azo-PAA onto a β-CD-terminated substratum (Sub-CD) through visible light irradiation. The positively charged Azo-PDMAEMA with quaternary ammonium groups exhibited antimicrobial properties and few bacteria were adhered on the surface, while the negatively charged Azo-PAA with carboxyl acid groups exhibited excellent bioadhesive properties and a large number of bacteria were adhered. Interestingly, the switch between antibacterial and bioadhesive could be realized upon visible light irradiation via alternate assembly of Azo-PDMAEMA and Azo-PAA. The proposed approach to manufacturing visible-light-responsive surface with reversible and alterable biofunctionality switching between antibacterial and bioadhesive is simple and efficient, which is promising for preparation of multifunctional polymeric surfaces to encounter multifarious demands for the biomedical and biotechnological applications. Statement of Significance Light has attracted great attention in building biointerfaces for its precise spatiotemporal control and convenient operation. However, UV light may damage to biological samples and living tissues, which will limit its applications. This study demonstrates a novel visible-light-responsive surface fabricated through reversible assembly of azobenzene functionalized polycations/polyanions on cyclodextrin (CD)-terminated substrate by host-guest interactions between the visible-light-responsive azobenzene mAzo and CD, which has not been examined previously. It is noted that the azobenzene functionalized polycations show strong antibacterial activities, while the polyanions show excellent bioadhesive properties, as can be switched through the alternate assembly upon visible-light irradiation. This facile and versatile approach to visible-light-responsive surfaces holds great potential for switching of bioadhesion.