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Background: Codonopsis Radix (CR) as the tonic Chinese herbis is good at benefiting Qi and promoting saliva, while rice-processed CR (RCR) can alleviate the original dryness and more specialize in invigorating the spleen and stopping diarrhea. Despite CR and RCR are long-standing medicines commonly used in clinic, information on their differences in substance basis is limited, let alone dynamic changes of their main chemical components. Given this, a more comprehensive understanding of processing principles in CR is needed.Methods: In this study, a strategy for rapid separation and identification of chemical constituents in crude CR and RCR was developed by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Moreover, chemical constituents (lobetyolin and atractylenolide III) with significant content change were quantitatively determined by HPLC-QQQ-MS, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) was quantified by HPLC, and codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides (CPPS) was measured by phenol-sulphuric acid method.Results: A total of 28 compounds were identified from CR and RCR, including 12 organic acids, 6 phenylpropanoids, 5 hexanol glycosides and hexylene glycosides, 2 polyacetylenes, 1 alcohol compound, 1 sesquiterpene and 1 aldehyde. In order to explore the dynamic changes from raw CR to processed RCR, the content of representative components in several samples collected during processing was determined. The quantitative results indicated that the contents of lobetyolin, atractylenolide III and CPPS were lower in RCR than these in CR, and 5-HMF was newly formed in processed products, which manifested chemical composition change before and after processing. Conclusions: Processing principles and dynamic changes of CR were preliminarily elucidated. Lobetyolin, atractylenolide III, 5-HMF and CPPS were recommended as quality markers to distinguish CR from RCR. Since the established method is rapid, accurate and readily applicable, it will be helpful for quality control and identification of crude CR and RCR.

We investigate discrete-time quantum walk of two interacting particles on one-dimensional percolation lattice. The dynamical percolation can make the quantum walk diffuse classically while the static percolation can make it localize at the neighbor of the initial site. According to the symmetry for two bosons, fermions and classical indistinguishable particles, three kind of initial states are considered. The interaction between two particles leads to bosons anti-bunching and fermions bunching. We focus on the joint probability distributions, the average distance and the meeting probability to describe the global properties of quantum walk. The joint probability distributions of two particles spread more out over the walking region in the dynamical percolation, while they are concentrated on the neighbor of the initial position in the statical case. For fermions and bosons initial states, both the curves of the meeting probability and that of the average distance occur crossing at a certain value of percolation probability, which is a result induced by the interplay between the interaction and percolation.

In this experiment,the gradation analysis method was used to evaluate the quality of different pieces of Gardeniae Fructus through the extraction rate difference and the difference analysis of the main components in the extract. In this experiment cold-dip and hot-dip methods were used to compare the yield of Gardeniae Fructus extract and the content of chemical constituents with water,25%,50%,75% and 95% ethanol fractions. By weighted calculation,the optimal extraction method of Gardeniae Fructus was determined,and this was verified by practical application. RESULTS:: showed that for the water-soluble extract,cold dip method was better than the hot dip method; and for alcohol-soluble extract,75% ethanol under cold dip method was best. The verification results showed that water-soluble extracts under cold dip methods could be used to significantly distinguish the raw Gardeniae Fructus( GF) and processed( stir-baked) GF( GFP) collected from the market. Meanwhile,this method could be also used to distinguish the same batch of GF,GFP and carbonized GF( GFC) with significant differences,respectively( P0. 05). Ethanol-soluble extract can be used to clearly distinguish GFP and GFC pieces in the same batch( P0. 05). The results of content determination showed that the variation coefficient of components in GF processed products was higher than that in extracts,and the content of hydroxygeniposide was the most significant component between GF and its processed products. It is suggested that the method of water-soluble extract of GF and the determination of the content of gardoside should be combined together to evaluate the quality of GF and its heat processed products.

Commercially available japonica rice and indica rice with different trade names were collected,and then based on the method of rice stir-frying,their many indexes were evaluated,for example the physical and chemical properties such as appearance color,grain type,broken kernel ratio,length-width ratio,1 000-grain weight,specific heat capacity,moisture content,amylose content,and protein content. The discriminant function analysis was used to determine the effective factors affecting the quality of rice as excipients. The results showed that two types of rice could be distinguished by rice color parameter a*,grain parameter circularity,1 000-grain weight and amylose content. These four effective factors can be used as the quality evaluation indexes for fried rice as excipients.Protein is one of the main components of rice,and its content affects the quality of rice. There is a significant difference in the protein content between japonica rice and indica rice. Therefore,protein content should be used as one of the evaluation indexes for rice quality. After comprehensive consideration,it is suggested that the red-green value a*shall not be less than 0. 50; the circularity not less than 53. 0,the 1 000-grain weight not less than 16. 0 g,the amylose content not less than 12. 0% and the protein content not less than4. 0% in the japonica rice; the red-green value a*shall not be lower than-1. 0,the circularity not less than 41. 0,the 1 000-grain weight not less than 13. 0 g,the amylose content not less than 9. 0% and the protein content not less than 3. 5% in the indica rice. In this study,the quality evaluation standards for rice as excipients( japonica rice,indica rice) were supplemented and improved,laying foundation for the development of quality standards for rice as excipients with the rice stir-frying method.

The key issue for the oil filter product sand operating status of the transformer oil filter, and in-depth research, based on the research and development of the transformer oil filtering device charged. Charged transformer oil filtering device structure includes an external oil circulation system, internal purification systems and automatic control and protection system of three parts. The device has also explained the conventional oil filter and oil filter charged two modes, when conventional oil filter modes election, workflow is identical with ordinary oil filter; If you choose to live oil filtering mode, you need to set the control variable range and start monitoring and adjustment, transformer oil filtering method has been put live field application, its efficiency and reliability of the actual verification.

Discharge of failure was the fault type are likely to occur in transformers, bushings, transformers, and the extent of damage to the equipment is a serious and direct impact on the stable operation of the system, first introduced the principle and gas chromatographic analysis its test methods, then gas chromatography equipment discharge failure is how to judge the conduct described. Through the analysis of transformer oil chromatographic method can be found as early as possible transformers and other equipment inside the existence of latent failures, thus chromatography is to oversee and guarantee the safe operation of an important means of transformer.

In order analyze the inter-harmonic affections on the voltage flicker, the relationship between the inter-harmonics and flicker analysis are carried out. In order to be able to accurately determine the level of inter-harmonics to make the electric light flicker, interharmonic-flicker limit curve drawing method based on the voltage flicker constraints is established. And according to IEC lamp-eye-brain model, analog tester flicker and interharmonic-flicker experimental platform are built; limit curve can be drawn through the experimental data. The 2 kinds of harmonic-flicker limit curves for the 220 V, 50 Hz fluorescent lamp are drawn by the 2 methods separately, and the analysis results show that the accuracy of the results obtained by the two methods, the level of interharmonics whether lead to fluorescent flicker can be determined by the curves. The methods have the small amount of calculation, and are practical and easy to implement.

Through the analysis of harmonics caused by transformer, capacitor, electromagnetic voltage transformer and other accident, harmonics is an important indicator of power quality, which has been included in the “pollution" of power grid is found. In order to understand the harmonic, this paper from the concept of quality of electric energy, and then gradually extended to the field of harmonics. This paper firstly introduces the various reasons and equipment may produce harmonic, Secondly, illustrate harm of harmonic to operation of transformers, capacitors, electromagnetic voltage transformers and other electrical equipment, let more people know and understand the relevant knowledge of the harmonic, In order to save technical force and provide scientific basis for future effective harmonic.

In this paper, the rural power low-voltage of Li-Tang mains Trunk line raised the issue of secondary boost more than two groups reactive power compensation solutions, focusing on both the load power load variance method to calculate the location and placement of the regulator boost ratio, using precise moment method and reactive secondary terminal voltage rises method calculates the load side of intelligent reactive compensation on the trunk and installation location and capacity, to achieve the optimum design load tap rural power lines and intelligent var compensator configuration. The program changed in Fushun Li-Tang Trunk line in Li-Jia Transformer substation significantly after the implementation of effective, so that the end of the 31km-long line of power quality standards. Economic operation efficiency is improved.

Power transformer oil purifier described in this article is equipment that filters charged transformer oil in running transformers. Transformer oil can be filtered on line to improve performance of the transformer oil. This article analyzes the necessity of the purification and filtration on processing power transformer oil, describes the overall design ideas of oil purifier in line. Through examples, power transformer oil purifier in line is further discussed the steps and precautions in the application. By comparing the power outage transformer oil purifier and oil purifier in line, the superiority and science of oil purifier in line are clarified.

Through the analysis of 66kV arc suppression coil smoke accident in Fushun Zhong Zhai 220kV substation,scientifically pointed out that the accident was due to leave hidden trouble in the process of design and manufacture of cause.This paper introduces the working principle of arc suppression coil and use value, and cites several reasons can cause arc suppression coil accidents.This paper introduces in detail the whole process of hoisting core checks after the accident in Liao Ning Yongtai Transformer Manufacturing Co., Ltd,and carefully check the chromatography test data and the operation report before and after the accident, proveing the results of the analysis of the accident is correct.

Measuring grounding resistance is the only basis to judge the grounding of electrical equipment is good or not. Aim at the trouble on retracting and releasing of the current lead wire and voltage lead wire;the insecure connection Lead wire and grounding resistance tramegger、grounding crooked chisel and so on;The hectic trouble such as placing or picking the grounding resistance testing equipment, we developed the integrational measurement device of grounding resistance. It mainly introduces the structure and design principle of the device, and provides the related technical essentials. Combined with the actual application,and demonstrates its convenience and flexibility by the force of contrast; Through the case analysis, fully demonstrates the device is feasible、creative and rationality.

When the power transformer in partial discharge test, if the test equipment (voltage regulator, intermediate transformer, etc.) ontology partial discharge is big, it will severely affect the quality of testing, and even cause false identify.How to correctly identify partial discharge from the power transformer or from the test equipment itself, it is very important for the test personnel. This paper introduces to use the idle 220kV circuit breaker in parallel capacitor to cleverly find out in the whole process of partial discharge from the test equipment itself.

Traditional frequency power and test equipment cannot meet the requirements. This paper discusses in detail the composition of FM type series resonance test device, technical principles, characteristics and advantages. And also introduces wiring method, test methods, test standard. The instance proves that discharge test of large transformer using the FM series resonance device is convenient and accurate.

This paper briefly expounds the determination of transformer pressure value, and introduces the principles of power frequency ac withstand voltage, variable frequency series resonance withstand voltage and multi-frequency induced withstand voltage. It also expounds the ac withstand voltage wiring method, and demonstrates a simple way in withstand voltage test on low voltage winding.

Contamination Monitoring is an important means of preventing pollution flashover of electrical equipment, the monitoring data can make the insulator design more economical, leading to a both win in economic and operational safety. The existing monitoring tools are based mainly on ESDD, the measurement data is affected by many factors, limited guidance. This paper will analyze several of factors which have impact on ESDD, and also propose additional measures and many forward-looking recommendations to face the reality, so that we can carry out anti-pollution work better.

With the development of national economy, the progress of science and technology and the height of the production process automation, various nonlinear loads in power grid grow rapidly together with a variety of complex, precise and sensitive power equipment. The above-mentioned two aspects of contradiction is more and more prominent and the requirement of users for power quality is also higher. In such situation, this paper discusses the related theory and its control technology in the field of power quality, analysis the development trend of power quality management and control in our country, which has a strong practical significance. This paper expounds the main problems affecting the quality of electric energy, and analyze in detail the way to improve the quality of electric energy, and then give a preliminary discussion on the development direction of this field.

According to the 66kV transformer blackout phenomenon, the oil chromatogram data analysis, found that the transformer existed temperature (676 °C) and low energy discharge defect. Through measuring the harmonic content to and analyzing the load condition, test results show that the grid was injected harmonic currents by the substation non-linear loads, its 5 times,7 times, 11 times, 13 times harmonic were higher than the state standards, this shows that the harmonic is the cause of the chromatographic data of transformer oil abnormal

Metal oxide surge arresters cavity invasion along the humid, causing flashover discharge incidents, through the structure and assembly of metal oxide surge arresters construction process, discusses the causes MOA damp for various reasons. Test methods can be found listed MOA cavity invasion humid, and described the purpose of the various test methods and their respective advantages and disadvantages, while noting that the invasion is suspected cavity defects humid or with a family of metal oxide surge arresters, various test cycle should be shortened and comprehensive analysis, judgment, to prevent accidents of various test data.

In recent years, with the improvement of the watt-hour meters calibration work and the demand of modern management, mechanical seal labels have many problems exposed in the process of use. Through the actual work summary of experience for many years, it is concluded that there must be a new type of seal to replace the original one, which is using the advanced computer management method to manage seal. This article in detail introduces the structure, characteristics and application of the electric energy metering seal and its development prospect. The paper expounds the bar code application technology in the role of watt-hour meter calibration work and points out the necessity to adopt modern management on seal work by using computer management

How to improve the electricity customer satisfaction, in order to improve efficiency of power enterprises and the power of customer service to a new level rise are important issues. This paper focuses on the meaning of reservation services through the implementation of reservation services, reservation services fully proved application reached to improve power efficiency of business services and customer satisfaction purposes, demonstrating the validity and necessity of the power company active in Fushun booking service also carried out to clarify the future policy of reservation services and routes.

This paper discusses that the capacitive current is a must of producing arc grounding overvoltage, and the method and necessary to restrain arc grounding over voltage. It also explains the concept of capacitive current and arc suppression coil, and the test method and significance of measuring capacitive current. Based on the comprehensive field test and evaluation of 29 substations, it provides the correct selection of neutral point operation mode and gives a development direction to 10 kV power network neutral point grounding method of Fushun grid.

This article briefly describes the modern power system of high-voltage reactive power compensation device development status, discusses the high voltage reactive power compensation device applications, with the traditional high-voltage reactive power compensation device matching, demonstration of a new generation SVC (Static Var Compensator) and SVG (STATCOM) advantages and application results. This paper focuses on the innovative technology in the new generation of high-voltage reactive power compensation device in the application, while a new generation of high voltage discussed reactive power compensation device application prospects.

With the rapid economic development in Liaoning Province, very rapid growth in electricity load, especially steel and fused magnesium commercial power. After the implementation of TOU price, Liaoning power grid voltage fluctuation is increased by that some enterprises were concentrated in low hours of electricity. Some power users were affected by lacking the means of dynamic reactive power. To point the necessity of application of the SVC, the existing of 66kV and 220kV grid power quality status are analyzed and simulated. The SVC compensation capacity and filter parameters are systematically design, after the transformation of the system and the simulation proved that the grid can achieve the design requirements.

Fushun regional transmission line fault location system design and implementation is introduced in this paper by power Supply Company applying. It is based on 3G communication transmission line fault online monitoring system. In a few minutes after a failure, the type of fault and the fault of the specific position can be given quickly on monitor screen at the control center while the short message information is sent to the relevant personnel on the phone, so that maintenance personnel accurately and quickly rushed to the scene, troubleshooting. The work efficiency is improved and the outage time is shortening by the application of the system.

The DC power substation equipment is all energy infrastructure, once therere some problems with the DC equipment, which will make all the related equipment loses power, it will directly affect the safe operation of the substation. This article discusses some shortcomings of the original lead-acid batteries for emergency DC power, demonstrated high frequency switching power supply with the combination used of LiFePO4 iron group of science, along with a brief description of the features and benefits of their work.

In order to improve the reliability evaluation to the distribution network, uncertainty factors about aging of components are considered under conventional reliability analysis of distribution system in the paper. The relationship between unavailability of aging of components and time (or limit age of components) is analyzed. Then the reliability indices are calculated by FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis). Finally distribution network reliability level is distinguished and the measures on improving the power distribution system reliability are presented.

Through the analysis of 2 single-phase grounding over voltage accidents caused by capacitive over current in 10 kV power grid in this paper, the causes and damages of arc grounding over voltage are illustrated, and the necessity of capacitive current test and effective methods are pointed out. The test and assessment to the 29 substations capacitor currents provides a scientific basis for the correct selection of the neutral point operation mode, and the strengths and weaknesses of the neutral Point grounding through the arc suppression circle and the mode trends of 10kV grid neutral grounding are demonstrated.

Through analysis of 66KV, 31500 KVA transformer tangled winding connector open welding faults, the coordination of Oil chromatographic analysis and electrical test can be used to find the defect and the location. It clarified the tangled windings of the transformer joint diagnosis of full open welding process in detail, and pointed out the direction for the future to find and the troubleshooting.

The total reflection of the wave will occur twice and the lightning over-voltage will be increased by 2 times when the lightning wave along the line reached in the disconnect switch are derived through the analysis of the accident 66kV transformer insulation breakdown. This will lead to the switch breakdown and discharge to be grounded. In this case the breaker is between the arrester and the transformer and the transformer will withstand 2 times arrester residual voltage result in the transformer breakdown. Finally, effective preventive measures combined with the practical experience are proposed.

The importance and necessity of the domestic and international distribution lightning direction and governance of the distribution line lightning damage are described, and the distribution line lightning protection assessment methods and procedures and how to choose the arrester combined with the actual situation are discussed. The lightning location system and counter combination is a means to test the merits of lightning protection components are deep-seated argued, and it will be an important part of future governance lightning disturbance of distribution lines. To prevent induction lightning damages is the main direction for distribution system is clarified through lightning damages prevention of 10kV Langshi line.

The design structure of the high voltage winding of the box transformer lead to high voltage between the high voltage winding layers, and electric field of each layer winding end is over-concentration, and the additional loss of load loss is too high, and thus lead to further the enameled wire of high voltage terminal happens partial discharge seriously and cryogenic overheating are discussed through the defects analysis of box transformer and a series of related experiments, hanging core inspection and analysis. If the hydrogen content is overweight seriously, total hydrocarbons is overweight, and methane gas content of total hydrocarbons is very high, ethylene and acetylene is very low, it can initially determine that low-energy partial discharge fault is inside the device are demonstrated. Finally, the corrective measures for the common problem of this group box transformer are presented.

According to the GMOA accident characteristics, the accidents causes of the GMOA are analyzed and the test methods applicable to GMOA are preferred. The principles and steps of the preferred test methods are described, and its feasibility and scientific are demonstrated.

Through the analysis of the microwave tower stuck by lightning, as well as a microwave tower can trigger distribution lines occur lightning accidents, and explaining the consequences of the distribution lines and precautions. From two accidents, discussing the reasons for producing direct lightning stroke and lightning, at the same time demonstrate the over voltage of two kinds of lightning damage the magnitude and the power distribution network, and finally discussing the effective measures to prevent such accidents.

Through the neutral point of the main transformer is breakdown gap under the lightning over-voltage, and the main transformer is tripped by the zero-sequence protection, the discharge dispersion of gap is large is indicated; When 220kV neutral point is ungrounded ,the protection must be sharing after arrester parallel gap is proposed. The two-phase or three-phase wave is the main reason of the protection device action are pointed by discussing the wave process in the transformer; The most simple and effective way is placing special transparent insulating over the gap is proposed.

The equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) is an important characteristic of our country which is used to measure insulator deposition level. The contamination of the insulator would reach saturation after a period of time.In order to increase the specific creepage distance, disc suspension porcelain insulator lower surface inward concave, which makes the rain washing the upper surface difficult, that cause the saturation time of lower surface longer than upper surface .For studying the operation insulator contamination saturation time and reflecting the ESDD of the actual operation line accurately,this paper adopts a comparison method between empty hanging insulator surface and operation insulator surface to measure the ESDD , the field experimental results further verify that the saturated time of disc suspension insulator lower surface is longer, so as to lay the foundation for the ESDD measurement.

The cables in 66 kV and 220 kV systems are used in single-phase style, and it must be grounded between the cables. The connection ways between different lengths of cables are in different ways, thus, it may occur influence to circuit parameters, especially to zero sequence impedance. In order to clarify the situation from theory analysis to calculate impedance under all kinds of connection modes, the paper gives an actual cable measured value, and introduces the correct measuring method, together, points out the matters needing attention in the measurement.

The traditional current transformer measurement device cannot meet the requirements of the rapid development in the current power system because of the outdated structure while the Rogowski coil has significant advantages. This article introduces some applications of Rogowski coil in power system. Now the research and application of Rogowski coil current transformer has become one of the most important research directions. Rogowski coil today has been widely used in electric power system.

The molecular maker system TRAP was utilized to develop a novel more accurate tool to identify the variety and establish the evolutionary relationship of different kind of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. PopGene 32 software was applied to conduct the cluster analysis and genetic dendrogram establishment. The results showed that 203 different fragments were amplified with 6 pair primers using the TRAP marker system. The polymorphic fragments number is 43, which takes up to 21.1%. The cluster analysis shows that the 4 materials we used in this study can be classified into 2 main groups and 3 subgroups. The genetic identity is 0.0788 and the average genetic distance is 0.9245 among the four materials in this study. A new tool using the TRAP marker system is more accurate and can be used to identify different kind of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge at molecular level.

The analyses of chemical composition and elements in gallstones can provide significant reference to the treatment and prevention of recurrence of gallstones. In the present paper, the progess in the study of the application of modern instrument to the analyse of gallstones was reviewed. These techniques include Raman spectrum, energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and its derivative spectrum, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, atomic absorption spectrum, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography, scanning electronic microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, etc.