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To observe the efficacy and safety of Guihuang Formula (GHF) in treating patients with type III prostatitis and Chinese medicine syndrome of dampness-heat and blood stasis.Sixty-six patients diagnosed with type III prostatitis with dampness-heat and blood stasis syndrome were randomly divided into the treatment group (GHF) and the control group (tamsulosin) using a random number table, with 33 cases each group. The treatment group received GHF twice a day, and the control group received tamsulosin 0.2 mg once daily before bedtime. Patients in both groups received treatment for 6 weeks and was followed up for 2 weeks. The outcomes included the National Institute of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) score, Chinese Medicine Symptoms Score (CMSS), expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) and adverse events (AEs).After treatment, the NIH-CPSI total score and domain scores of pain discomfort, urination and quality of life decreased significantly from the baseline in both groups (P0.05). The CMSS score decreased in both groups (P0.05). The WBC count decreased and lecithin body count increased in both groups (P0.05). GHF showed a more obvious advantage in reducing the pain discomfort and quality of life domain scores of NIH-CPSI, reducing the CMSS score, increasing the improvement rate of the WBC and lecithin body counts, compared with the control group (P0.05). There were no significant differences in decreasing urination domain score of NIH-CPSI between two groups (P0.05). In addition, no serious AEs were observed.GHF is effective in treating type III prostatitis patients with dampness-heat and blood stasis syndrome without serious AEs. (Registration No. ChiCTR1900026966).

Angelicae Sinensis Radix, as a medicinal and edible Chinese medicinal herb, is widely used in clinical practice. It is mainly cultivated in Minxian, Tanchang, Zhangxian and Weiyuan counties of Gansu province. In recent years, with the comprehensive and in-depth study of Angelicae Sinensis Radix in China and abroad, its chemical composition, pharmacological effects and application and development have attracted much attention. In this study, the chemical composition, traditional efficacy, and modern pharmacological effects of Angelicae Sinensis Radix were summarized. On this basis, combined with the core concept of quality markers(Q-markers), the Q-markers of Angelicae Sinensis Radix were discussed from the aspects of mass transfer and traceability and chemical composition specificity, availability, and measurability, which provided scientific basis for the quality evaluation of Angelicae Sinensis Radix.

To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of the Chinese medicine (CM) Qixiong Zhongzi Decoction (芪芎种子汤, QZD) in the treatment of patients with idiopathic asthenozoospermia. A total number of 66 patients with idiopathic asthenozoospermia were included and randomly divided into treatment and control groups by SAS-generated code from January 2015 to August 2016, 33 patients in each group. Patients in the treatment group were administered with 150 mL of QZD twice a day, whereas those in the control group were given 1 g of levocarnitine oral liquid twice a day. The two groups received the indicated medication for 12 weeks and were then followed up for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was sperm motility, and the secondary therapeutic indices were sperm volume, density, pregnancy probability, and CM syndrome score. The comparison between groups was carried out at 4, 8 and 12 weeks, respectively. The safety was determined before and after treatment. (1) Drop-off: 5 cases (7.58%) were lost after treatment (2 from the treatment group and 3 from the control group). (2) Primary outcomes: after 8- and 12-week treatment, the progressive sperms in the two groups were significantly higher than the baseline (all P 0.05), however, the CM syndrome score of the treatment group significantly declined compared with baseline level at each time points (all P

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common urological disease, and research on CP/CPPS has increased over the past 50 years. However, few studies have statistically analyzed these publications. In this work, we conducted the knowledge domain and highlighted current research hotspots and emerging trends in CP/CPPS from 1970 to 2020 based on VOSviewer and CiteSpace.Relevant original articles were obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) database between 1970 and 2020. VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were used to perform the analysis and visualization of scientific productivity and emerging trends.Our results show that the articles related to CP/CPPS have dramatically increased every year from 1 publication in 1970 to 111 publications in 2020. The USA dominated the field in all countries, and Queen's University (Canada) has more extensive cooperating relationships with other institutions. J. Curtis Nickel may have a significant influence on CP/CPPS research with more publications and cocitations. The Journal of Urology is the foremost productive journal and has the most citations of all the journals. A total of 11 major clusters were explored based on the reference cocitation analysis (RCA). Definition, incidence rate or clinical characteristics, etiology or pathogenesis, epidemiological studies (cross-sectional study and cohort study), clinical studies (inflammation, pain, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), α-blockers, antibiotic) and relationships with other diseases [benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer, sexual dysfunction] are the knowledge bases for CP/CPPS research. The treatment mode also changed gradually from anti-inflammatory therapy to symptom improvement, and NIH-CPSI was taken as the evaluation criterion.This scientometric study comprehensively reviewed publications related to CP/CPPS during the past 50 years using quantitative and qualitative methods, and the information provides some references for scholars to conduct further research on CP/CPPS.

To evaluate the effects of Xiaojin Pill (小金丸) in the treatment of Peyronie’s disease (PD) in a rat model. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups with 6 in each: sham operation, PD model, vehicle control and Xiaojin Pill groups. The rats in the sham operation group received penile tunica albsginea (TA) injection with 50 μL vehicle, while the rats in the other 3 groups received 50 μL penile TA injection of 50 μg transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Forty-two days after the injection, rats in the vehicle control and Xiaojin Pill groups received 0.5 mL water and Xiaojin Pill solution (107 mg/kg of body weight), respectively by gavage for 28 days, while those in the sham operation and PD model groups did not receive any intervention. After intervention, the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 2/9 (MMP2/9), nitric oxidesynthase (NOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Rats in the PD model and vehicle control groups presented obvious fibrosis in corpus cavernosum (CC) and demonstrated a significantly increased expressions of MMP2 and MMP9 in the CC compared with the sham operation group (all P

To explore the possible mechanism of Huanshao Capsules (HSC) protecting the reproductive function in rats with ornidazole-induced asthenozoospermia (AZS).Forty SD male rats were randomly divided into four groups of equal number, blank control, AZS model control, HSC and L-carnitine (LC) intervention. The AZS model was established in the latter three groups of rats by intragastrical administration of ornidazole at 400 mg/kg/d for 28 days, and meanwhile the animals in the HSC and LC groups were treated by gavage of HSC at 0.31 g/kg/d and LC at 100 mg/kg/d, respectively. Then, all the rats were killed for examination of the LC content, sperm concentration, sperm motility and expression of OCTN2 mRNA in the epididymis and observation of the histopathological changes in the testis tissue.Compared with the AZS model controls, the rats in the HSC and LC groups showed significantly increased LC content (2 880.3 vs 6 366.5 and 6 934.7 mg/L, P0.01), sperm concentration (［34.58 ± 10.25］ vs ［46.19 ± 14.23］ and ［42.25 ± 6.11］ ×10⁶/ml, P0.01), sperm motility (［42.59 ± 7.54］% vs ［61.34 ± 7.98］% and ［61.34 ± 7.98］%, P0.01) and expression of OCTN2 mRNA in the epididymis (26.07% vs 27.26% and 27.15%, P0.01). The animals of the HSC group exhibited a higher comparability than those of the LC group to the blank controls in the morphology, arrangement and activity of spermatogenic cells.HSC can protect the reproductive function and improve sperm concentration and motility in the model rats with ornidazole-induced AZS, which may be associated with its abilities of up-regulating the expression of OCTN2 mRNA and increasing the LC content in the epididymis.

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Chinese medicine, Qiaoshao formula combined with dapoxetine was used for the treatment of premature ejaculation in a real-life setting. Nine hundred and five males diagnosed with premature ejaculation were reviewed in this retrospective cohort study. We divided the patients into two groups: dapoxetine alone and Qiaoshao formula combined with dapoxetine according to actual interventions provided to patients in clinics. The perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time and the premature ejaculation profile measures markedly improved in both groups. However, in men with severe premature ejaculation (baseline perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time

To explore the protective effect of the Chinese medicinal prescription Linggui Fang (LGF) on the reproductive system of the ornidazole-induced asthenospermia (AS) rat and its possible action mechanisms.Forty male SD rats weighing 200－230 g were equally randomized into four groups, blank control, AS model control, LGF treatment and L-carnitine (LC) intervention. The AS models were made in the latter three groups by intragastrical administration of ornidazole at 400 mg/kg. Meanwhile, the rats in the LGF group were treated intragastrically with LGF at 17.5 g/kg, those in the LC group with LC at 100 mg/kg, and the control animals with 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na), all once a day for 4 successive weeks. Then, all the rats were sacrificed for examination of the semen parameters, determination of the LC content and OCTN2 mRNA expression in the epididymis and observation of the histopathological changes in the testis.Compared with the AS model controls, the rats in the other groups showed significantly higher percentages of progressively motile sperm and total motile sperm (P0.01) as well as a higher LC content in the epididymis (P0.01), but no statistically significant difference in sperm concentration (P0.05). The expression of OCTN2 mRNA was remarkably upregulated in the LGF and LC groups in comparison with that in the AS model control (P0.05). Compared with the rats in the blank control group, the AS model controls exhibited markedly increased morphologically abnormal seminiferous tubules, irregularly arranged, with narrowed lumens and reduced numbers of sperm and sperm cells, as well as significantly increased hollow seminiferous tubules with deficient and disorderly arranged spermatogenic cells and partial epithelial degeneration and vacuolization. Those in the LGF and LC groups, however, manifested almost normal testicular histomorphology, with basically regular arrangement of different layers of seminiferous tubules.①Ornidazole induces AS in rats by reducing the LC content in the epididymis, while LGF can improve the sperm motility and testicular morphology of the rats and upregulate the expression of OCTN2 mRNA in the epididymis by increasing the LC concentration.

To evaluate the effect and safety of Qianlieshutong Capsules (QC) in the treatment of BPH.We searched 10 Chinese and English databases up to July 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCT) on treatment of BPH with QC followed by a meta-analysis on the included articles using Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0 and Revman5.3 software.A total of 18 RCTs involving 1 802 cases of BPH were included out of the 175 articles identified. The baseline data from the RCTs were all comparable. Compared with the controls, the patients treated with QC showed a significantly higher rate of clinical effectiveness and better improvement in IPSS as well as in the maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), postvoid residual urine (PVR) and prostate volume after 3 months of medication. No serious adverse drug events or reactions were reported.The existing data and methodology indicate the efficacy and safety of Qianlieshutong Capsules in the treatment of BPH, which, however, has to be further verified by more well-designed large-sample multi-center high-quality randomized controlled trials.

The elastic properties and structural evolution of (Ti0.5V0.5)n+1GeCn (n = 1–4) are studied under pressure from first principles. Many general evolution trends are concluded for the six structures, including the lattice parameters (a, c), elastic constants (cij) and the degree of the isotropy (A, A1, A2), and the axial shrinkage tendency. The (Ti0.5V0.5)2GeC behaves the largest compressive anisotropy in (c/a)/(c0/a0) but (Ti0.5V0.5)5GeC4 behaves opposite compressive anisotropy which shows a value below 1 between 0 and 40 GPa, whereas (Ti0.5V0.5)4GeC3 exists a softening behavior between 20 and 40 GPa. The lowest volume contraction of (Ti0.5V0.5)4GeC3 is confirmed by the density of states, together with the observation of its minimum c12 and c13 among the same type of compounds. The density of states analysis observed the smaller contribution of Ti at Fermi level with respect to that of V. A common phenomenon is observed from the six structures, namely, for any considered heavy atoms including Ti or V, once the heavy atom is surrounded by one C layer and one Ge layer, its density of states contribution at Fermi level is larger than that of atom surrounded by two C layers originating mainly from the electronegativity difference of C and Ge. The bond length of C/Ge Ti is always slightly longer than that of C/Ge V except for (Ti0.5V0.5)2GeC which shows totally equivalent length. A smaller shear modulus of (Ti0.5V0.5)2GeC is observed relative to its two end members. The electron density difference analysis reveals the diverse charge transfer directions and bonding features in these compounds.

To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of the Chinese medicine (CM) Qixiong Zhongzi Decoction (, QZD) in the treatment of patients with idiopathic asthenozoospermia.A total number of 66 patients with idiopathic asthenozoospermia were included and randomly divided into treatment and control groups by SAS-generated code from January 2015 to August 2016, 33 patients in each group. Patients in the treatment group were administered with 150 mL of QZD twice a day, whereas those in the control group were given 1 g of levocarnitine oral liquid twice a day. The two groups received the indicated medication for 12 weeks and were then followed up for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was sperm motility, and the secondary therapeutic indices were sperm volume, density, pregnancy probability, and CM syndrome score. The comparison between groups was carried out at 4, 8 and 12 weeks, respectively. The safety was determined before and after treatment.(1) Drop-off: 5 cases (7.58%) were lost after treatment (2 from the treatment group and 3 from the control group). (2) Primary outcomes: after 8- and 12-week treatment, the progressive sperms in the two groups were significantly higher than the baseline (all P0.05); however, the treatment group showed greater improvement compared with the control group at 12-week treatment (22.7% ± 9.0% vs. 14.1% ±8.8%, P0.05). The increasement of non-progressive grade sperms at both groups was observed at 8- and 12-week treatment with statistical difference (all P0.05), however, the treatment group showed remarkable improvement compared with the control group at 12-week treatment (38.7% ±14.1% vs. 26.2% ±15.4%, P0.05). (3) Secondary outcomes: no significant statistical differences were found in semen volume and density (4, 8, and 12-week treatment) and pregnancy probability of patients' wives (12-week treatment) between two groups (all P0.05), however, the CM syndrome score of the treatment group significantly declined compared with baseline level at each time points (all P0.05). (4) Safety: no obvious side reactions were found during the treatment in both groups.QZD could improve the progressive and non-progressive grade sperm in the treatment of idiopathic asthenozoospermia. It is safe with no obvious side effects.

To observe the effificacy and safety of Qiaoshao Formula (, QSF) on patients with lifelong premature ejaculation (LPE) of Gan (Liver) depression and Shen (Kidney) defificiency syndrome.A total of 60 LPE patients were randomly divided into treatment (QSF) and control (dapoxetine) groups. The treatment group received QSF twice a day and the control group received dapoxetine 1 to 2 h prior to planned sexual intercourse for 4 weeks. The outcomes included intra-vaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT), premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT), clinical global impression of change (CGIC), scores of Chinese medicine symptoms (CMSS), sex life satisfaction (SLS) and adverse events (AEs).In the treated group, the median IELT was 3 min vs. 1.5 min before and after treatment (P0.05). PEDT in the treated group was reduced to 11.76±1.68 from 15.83±2.30 after treatment (P0.05). Besides, patient's SLS was improved from 1.30±0.05 to 6.30±0.04 (P0.05), and spouse's SLS was increased from 1.30±0.to 6.10±0.06 (P0.05); CMSS was decrease from 14.86±3.02 to 9.62±2.87 (P0.05). In addition, no significant AE was observed in both groups.QSF may be effective and safe on LPE patients with Gan depression and Shen defificiency syndrome.

Objective: The objective is to study the network pharmacology of Qixiong formula (QXF) and explore the mechanism of QXF in the treatment of oligoasthenospermia. Materials and Methods: Using Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), a Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BATMAN-traditional Chinese medicine), and an encyclopaedia of traditional Chinese medicine (ETCM) databases as well as data from relevant studies, the effective components and targets of QXF were obtained. Genes associated with oligospermia were screened using GeneCards, OMIM, DisGeNet, DrugBank, and GAD databases. The intersection target was obtained by mapping the target to the gene, and the protein interaction network was created using the STRING database to screen the core target of QXF in the treatment of oligospermia. The intersection target was enriched using gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis with the DAVID database. The network of the disease drug target pathway was drawn using Cytoscape software. Results: Overall, 536 active components of QXF and 40 core targets for the treatment of oligoasthenozoospermia were obtained. The analysis of GO and KEGG showed that QXF is mainly involved in oxidative stress, cell motility, nutritional response, and other biological processes. Through the regulation of FOXO, p53, PI3K/Akt, MAPK, mammalian target of rapamycin, Foxo, Wnt, and other signaling pathways, QXF played a role in the treatment of oligoasthenospermia. Conclusion: QXF has multi-component, multi-target, and multi-channel characteristics, providing a new way to study the mechanism of QXF in the treatment of oligoasthenospermia.

To observe the intervention effect of Qiaoshao Prescription (QSP) on premature ejaculation (PE) induced by 8-OH-DPAT in male rats and explore its possible action mechanism.Seventy-two male Wistar rats were equally randomized into six groups, blank control, PE model control, low-, medium- and high-dose QSP, and dapoxetine. The PE model was established by injection of 8-OH-DPAT into the subarachnoid space of the lumbosacral spinal cord. Four weeks after modeling, the rats in the blank control and PE model control groups with gavaged with normal saline at 10 ml/kg/d, those in the low-, medium- and high-dose QSP groups with QSP at 5, 10 and 20 g/kg/d respectively once a day, and those in the dapoxetine group with dapoxetine hydrochloride at 300 mg/kg at 3 hours before mating. Forty-five female Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with 20 μg estradiol benzoate after removal of bilateral ovaries to induce estrous estrus. Two and 4 weeks later, the male rats were mated with the female ones for 30 minutes per time and meanwhile observed for the mating behavior of the males, including mounting latency (ML), intromission latency (IL), ejaculation latency (EL), mounting frequency (MF), intromission frequency (IF), and ejaculation frequency (EF). After the 4th week of mating, the hypothalamus of the animals was isolated and weighed, and the content of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was measured.Compared with the blank control group, the PE model controls showed significantly decreased content of 5-HT in the hypothalamus(1 257.1 vs 923.4 ng/g, P0.05), ML (［11.22 ± 3.60］ vs ［8.69 ± 2.48］ s, P0.05), IL (［22.33 ± 2.45］ vs ［12.08±1.39］ s, P0.05), MF (［13.28 ± 3.24］ vs ［7.53 ± 1.84］ times, P0.05), and EL (［712.35 ± 36.77］ vs ［502.35 ± 46.72］ s, P0.05). In comparison with the PE model controls, the rats of the QSP and dapoxetine groups exhibited remarkably increased content of 5-HT (P0.05) and prolonged EL (P0.05).Qiaoshao Prescription can prolong EL in PE rats, which might be associated with the increased content of 5-HT in the hypothalamus. Further studies, however, are needed on its underlying mechanisms.目的: 观察翘芍方对运用5-羟色胺1A（5-HT1A）受体激动剂8-羟基-2-(二丙基氨基)四氢萘氢溴酸盐（8-OH-DPAT）建立的早泄动物模型的干预效果，并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法: 将雄性Wistar大鼠72只随机分为空白组、模型组、翘芍方组（高、中、低剂量）和达泊西汀组，各12只，以8-OH-DPAT腰骶脊髓节段蛛网膜下腔囊内注射建立早泄动物模型。造模成功后连续给药干预4周，模型组、空白组每天用生理盐水［10 ml/(kg·d)］灌胃；翘芍方低［5g/(kg·d)］、中［10g/(kg·d)］、高［20g/(kg·d)］剂量组，每天灌胃1次；达泊西汀组合笼前3 h给予300 mg/kg盐酸达泊西汀灌胃。雌性Wistar大鼠45只，摘除双侧卵巢后，于合笼前36 h皮下注射苯甲酸雌二醇20μg/只以诱导雌鼠发情。在第2周和第4周时，分别将雄性大鼠和激素诱导的雌性大鼠合笼，进行交配实验，每次30 min。检测指标：观察和记录雄鼠的交配行为，包括骑跨潜伏期(ML)、插入潜伏期(IL)、射精潜伏期(EL)、骑跨次数(MF)、插入次数(IF)、射精次数(EF)。第4周交配试验后，分离出下丘脑并称重，测定5-羟色胺（5-HT）含量。结果： 与空白组相比，模型组5-HT含量923.4 ng/g，ML（8.69±2.48）s、IL（12.08±1.39）s、MF（7.53±1.84）次、EL（502.35±46.72）s分别低于空白组的5-HT含量1 257.1 ng/g，ML（11.22±3.60）s，IL（22.33±2.45）s、MF（13.28±.24）次、EL（712.35±36.77）s，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；药物干预后，与模型组比较，翘芍方高剂量组和达泊西汀组的5-HT含量均升高，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；与模型组比较，翘芍方各剂量组和达泊西汀组EL明显延长，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论： 翘芍方可延长早泄大鼠的射精潜伏期，这可能与其增加了下丘脑5-HT含量有关，具体机制还需进一步研究。

To explore the feasibility and practicability of establishing a rat model of premature ejaculation (PE) by injection of 8-OH-DPAT into the subarachnoid space of the lumbosacral spinal cord segments.Twenty-four male Wistar rats were equally randomized into a PE model and a blank control group. The PE model was established by injection of 8-OH-DPAT in 10 ml normal saline at 0.8 mg per kg of the body weight per day into the subarachnoid space of the lumbosacral spinal cord segments and the control rats were injected with the same volume of normal saline only, both for 4 weeks. Another 24 female Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with benzoic acid estradiol at 20 μg to induce estrus at 36 hours before mated with the male animals. At 2 and 4 weeks, the male rats were mated with the female ones for 30 minutes each time and meanwhile observed for their mating behavior indicators, such as mount latency, intromission latency, ejaculation latency, mount frequency, intromission frequency, and ejaculation frequency.Compared with the controls, the PE model rats showed a significantly lower ejaculation latency (［712.35 ± 36.77］ vs ［502.35 ± 46.72］ s, P0.05), mount latency (［11.22 ± 3.60］ vs ［8.69 ± 2.48］ s, P0.05), mount frequency (13.28 ± 0.24 vs 7.53 ± 1.84, P0.05), and intromission latency (［22.33 ± 2.45］ vs ［12.08 ± 1.39］ s, P0.05), but a remarkably higher ejaculation frequency (2.01 ± 0.48 vs 4.26 ± 0.89, P0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed between the control and model animals in the intromission frequency (7.49 ± 2.21 vs 6.45 ± 1.89, P0.05).A rat model of premature ejaculation was successfully established by injection of 8-OH-DPAT into the subarachnoid space of the lumbosacral spinal cord segments, which is of great significance for further study of the mechanism of premature ejaculation.目的: 探讨运用8-羟基-2-(二丙基氨基)四氢萘氢溴酸盐（8-OH-DPAT）腰骶脊髓节段蛛网膜下腔囊内注射建立早泄大鼠模型的可行性及实用性。方法: 选择雄性Wistar大鼠24只，按照1∶1随机分为2组，A组:空白对照组（等量生理盐水）；B组:模型组［将8-OH-DPAT 溶于10 ml生理盐水中，按0.8 mg/(kg·d)，进行腰骶脊髓节段蛛网膜下腔囊内注射，持续4周］。雌性Wistar大鼠24只，摘除卵巢后，于合笼前36 h皮下注射苯甲酸雌二醇20 μg以诱导雌性大鼠发情。在第2周和第 4周时，将雄性大鼠和激素诱导的雌性大鼠合笼，进行交配实验，每次30 min。观察和记录雄性大鼠的交配行为，包括骑跨潜伏期、插入潜伏期、射精潜伏期、骑跨次数、插入次数、射精次数。结果： 药物干预后，B组的射精潜伏期［（502.35±46.72） s］明显低于A组［（712.35±36.77） s］，骑跨潜伏期［（8.69±2.48） s］明显低于A组［（11.22±3.60） s］，骑跨次数［（7.53±1.84）次］明显低于A组［（13.28±0.24）次］，插入潜伏期［（12.08±1.39） s］明显低于A组［（22.33±2.45） s］，射精次数［（4.26±0.89）次］明显高于A组［（2.01±0.48）次］，差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05）；插入次数［（6.45±1.89）次］与A组［（7.49±2.21）次］无明显差异(P0.05)。结论： 用8-OH-DPAT腰骶脊髓节段蛛网膜下腔囊内注射，可以较好的建立早泄大鼠模型，该模型对深入研究早泄机制有十分重要的意义。.

To make a real-world study on the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combined with sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) that failed to respond to TCM medication.This study included 1 038 ED patients with the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) scores ≤21 and improvement30% after 4 weeks of TCM medication, differentially diagnosed with kidney-yang or kidney-yin deficiency syndrome. We administered TCM combined with sildenafil (Viagra, Pfizer Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd) at 100 mg 1 hour before sexual intercourse. After 2 and 4 weeks of medication, we recorded the scores in IIEF-5, erection hardness, Sexual Encounter Profile question 2 (SEP-2: whether vaginal penetration is successful), SEP-3 (whether sexual intercourse is successful), and TCM Syndromes Scale as well as the indexes of routine blood, urine, liver function, and renal function of the patients, and compared them with those obtained before treatment.No serious adverse reactions were observed in any of the patients. Compared with the baseline, the patients achieved significantly increased IIEF-5 scores after 2 and 4 weeks of medication (15.01 ± 2.25 vs 16.96 ± 2.55 and 19.41 ± 2.82, P0.05), penileelectionhardness remarkably improved at 4 weeks (3.36% vs 44.58%, P0.05), and the positive answers to SEP-2 and SEP-3 both markedly increased at 2 (38.11% vs 90.49%, P0.05; 22.01% vs 63.77% , P0.05) and 4 weeks (38.11% vs 96.95% , P0.05; 22.01% vs 89.73%, P0.05).TCM combined with sildenafil is safe and effective in the treatment of ED in Chinese men, which can significantly improve the IIEF-5 score and erection hardness of the patients.目的: 观察真实世界中药联合西地那非治疗中药无效型勃起功能障碍（ED）疗效及安全性。方法: 选取1038例中药治疗无效（服用4周中药，治疗后IIEF-5评分改善率30%且≤21分）的ED患者，重新辨证为肾阳虚证、肾阴虚证，中药同时联合西地那非100 mg性生活前1 h服用，在2、4周后观察患者IIEF-5、勃起硬度分级（EHS）、性生活日志问题2（SEP2）、性生活日志问题3（SEP3）、中医证候评分及血常规、尿常规、肝功能( ALT) 、肾功能( BUN、Cr)等指标，并与治疗前对比。结果: 所有患者未发现严重的不良反应。治疗2、4周后IIEF-5评分［(16.96±2.55)分、(19.41±2.82)分］均有不同程度提高，差异有统计学意义(P0.05)；治疗4周后EHS4比例（44.58%）上升，与治疗前EHS4（3.36%）相比有统计学差异（P0.05）；治疗2、4周后，SEP2肯定回答的比例分别为90.49%,96.95%，与治疗前（38.11%）比较，均有统计学差异（P‚0.05）。治疗2、4周后，SEP3肯定回答的比例分别为63.77%、89.73%，与治疗前（22.01%）比较，均有统计学差异（P‚0.05）。结论: 真实世界研究发现中药联合西地那非治疗ED是安全、有效的，能有效提高ED患者IIEF5评分，提高勃起硬度。.

In view of the oil well scaling phenomenon and the disadvantages of existing pickling descaling, the alkaline detergent which can be used in oil well was prepared. The effect factors of the alkaline detergent were studied. The results show that the alkaline detergent in ASP Flooding has certain descaling effect on different composition of scale. The descaling effect of the carbonate is better than that of silicon aluminosilicate. The temperature and reaction time has a great influence on the descaling effect. Raising the temperature and prolonging the reaction time can obtain good effect.

The yield of epoxysuccinic acid was obtained by determining the content of unreacted maleic anhydride and tartaric acid as a by-product in synthesis system. This method could calculate the yield of epoxysuccinic acid precisely and overcome the disadvantage of obtaining inpure product by recrystallization method. Epoxysuccinic Acid was synthesized using maleic anhydride as raw material, hydrogen peroxide as oxidizer and tungstate as catalyst. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, ratio of materials, dosage of oxidizer and catalyst on epoxidation and hydrolysis reaction was investigated. The results showed that the yield of epoxysuccinic acid was 88% when the reaction conditions were as follows: reaction temperature 65°C, reaction time 1.5h, catalyst dosage 3%(based on mass of maleic anhydride), molar ratio of sodium hydrate to maleic anhydride 2:1, mass ratio of hydrogen peroxide to maleic anhydride 1:1.

Owing to the double actions by ternary liquid of ASP flooding and natural emulsifier in oil, the recovery liquid emulsified seriously as well as oil content in water rose after oil-water separation. Demulsification on recovery water in ASP flooding has been discussed via the modified terminal groups of hyperbranched tree macromolecules dendrimers polyamidoamine (PAMAM). Laboratory tests showed that PAE01 demulsifier had good demulsification efficiency. When demulsifier dosage was 120mg/L, sedimentation time was 90min, temperature was 45°C, oil content in water dropped from initial 5000mg/L to 197mg/L after demulsification, the deoiling rate was 96.1%. When initial oil content was 1500mg/L, oil content in water dropped to 215mg/L, the deoiling rate was 85.7%.

As a result of the base-rock corrosion effects and the suspension-carrying capability of polymer in the system of strong base ASP flooding, the concentration of silicon ions in reservoir liquid increases. As the liquid flows into the surface pipelines with tracer heating water injecting, thermodynamics and kinetics conditions change. Suspending power and pH value also decrease. Heavy oil (which content is more than 25%), silts, carbonates and silicates co-deposite, which can cause surface pipelines jamming and even production stopping. Physical or chemistry methods can prolong the rinsing cycles of surface pipelines. Pilot tests indicated that injecting resistance sedimentation agents cost little which had a long rinsing cycle above one year. Hot washing technology had a low cost but with a short rinsing cycle about 2-4 months and the treatment efficiency was easy influenced by the content of oil in blockages. Cavitating water jets technology had good effects and its rinsing cycle were 6 months but cost was high.

Strong base ASP flooding technology can improve oil recovery by 20%, but the lifting system exists serious scaling problems which cause pump detection period shorter. The main composition of the scale are organisms (heavy oil is in majority), carbonates and silicates. The content of each component is closely related to pH value. With high pH value, the main composition of the scale is silicate. With low pH value, the main composition of the scale is carbonate. The results of analysis of the relationship between scale composition, scaling position and depositional sequence showed that the content of silicate gradually increased from top to down in shaft while the carbonate decreased. In the process of scale deposition, carbonate scale emerged at first and then it provided attachment points and crystal nucleus for the silicate. The rough surface of carbonate scale increased the friction between the fluid and the wall, it promoted the formation of silicate. Statistically analyze the properties of pH value, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, silicon, polymer, viscosity, surfactant, fluid yield, water content in produced liquid and their influences on scaling in the injection-production period. Establish the prediction basis using the pH value as primary and ion content as supplement for the problems of mechanical production well scaling. In the period of carbonate scaling (pH10.5), the process slowed down. The coincidence rate was 93.9% after pilot tests. It provided a basis for taking corresponding measures to inhibit scale formation.

The structural B1–B2 (B1 is the NaCl phase and B2 is the CsCl phase) phase transition of MgS and the elastic properties of the B1 and B2 phases of MgS are investigated by ab initio plane-wave pseudopotential density functional theory method. The dependences of the elastic constants c ij , the aggregate elastic modulus B S , G , and the Debye temperature Θ D on pressure are successfully discussed. From the usual condition of equal enthalpies, we find that the structure B1–B2 phase transition of MgS occurs at 255.5 GPa. Moreover, the dependences of the aggregate elastic modulus and the Debye temperature on the pressure P have been investigated for the first time.

The structural inheritance and difference between Ti2AlC, Ti3AlC2 and Ti5Al2C3 under pressure from first principles are studied. The results indicate that the lattice parameter a are almost the same within Ti2AlC, Ti3AlC2 and Ti5Al2C3, and the value of c in Ti5Al2C3 is the sum of Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2 which is revealed by the covalently bonded chain in the electron density difference: Al–Ti–C–Ti–Al for Ti2AlC, Al–Ti2–C–Ti1–C–Ti2–Al for Ti3AlC2 and Al–Ti3–C2–Ti3–Al–Ti2–C1–Ti1–C1–Ti2–Al for Ti5Al2C3. The calculated axial compressibilities, volumetric shrinkage, elastic constant [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] ratio, bulk modulus, shear modulus, and Young’s modulus of Ti5Al2C3 are within the range of the end members (Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2) in a wide pressure range of 0–100 GPa. Only Ti2AlC is isotropic crystal at about 50 GPa within the Ti–Al–C compounds. All of the Ti 3d density of states curves of the three compounds move from lower energy to higher energy level with pressure increasing. The similarities of respective bond length, bond overlap population (Ti–C, Ti–Al and Ti–Ti), atom Mulliken charges under pressure as well as the electron density difference for the three compounds are discovered. Among the Ti–Al–C ternary compounds, Ti–Ti bond behaves least compressibility, whereas the Ti–Al bond is softer than that of Ti–C bonds, which can also been confirmed by the density of states and electron density difference. Bond overlap populations of Ti–Ti, Ti–C and Ti–Al indicate that the ionicity interaction becomes more and more stronger in the three structures as the pressure increasing. Mulliken charges of Ti1, Ti2, Ti3, C and Al are 0.65, 0.42, 0.39, −0.73, −0.04 at 0 GPa, respectively, which are consistent with the Pauling scale.

To assess the efficacy and safety of three different Chinese medical principles in treating patients with male infertility (oligospermia/asthenozoospermia).Totally 128 patients with male infertility were classified into 3 groups, i.e., Shen-essence deficiency syndrome, Pi-Shen deficiency syndrome, Shen-deficiency blood-stasis syndrome. They were assigned to the Chinese medical treatment group (96 cases) and the Western medical treatment group (32 cases) by stratified randomization in the ratio of 3: 1. Those in the Chinese medical treatment group were treated with Chinese drugs for Shen invigorating and blood activating, Shen invigorating and Pi supplementing, Shen-qi benefiting. Those in the Western medical treatment group were treated with Clomifene (at the daily dose of 25 mg per day, once daily). Three months consisted of one therapeutic course. The parameters of semen, the pregnancy rate, and adverse reactions were observed.Totally 24 patients dropped out in the two group, 17 in the Chinese medical treatment group (9 patients of Shen deficiency blood stasis syndrome, 5 of Shen-Pi deficiency syndrome, and 3 of Shen-essence deficiency syndrome) and 7 in the Western medical treatment group. Compared with before treatment, there was no statistical difference in the improvement of semen amount at 3 months after treatment between the two groups (P0.05). There was statistical difference in the improvement of semen density, class A semen, class A +B semen, and 1-h activity ratio (P0.05). The improvement was most obvious in Shen deficiency blood stasis syndrome, followed by Shen-Pi deficiency syndrome and Shen-essence deficiency syndrome. The improvement was the weakest in the Western medical treatment group. There was no statistical difference in the improvement of semen amount, semen density, class A semen, or 1-h activity ratio at 3 months after treatment between the two groups (P0.05). Best effect was obtained in improving class A + B semen quality in patients of Shen deficiency blood stasis syndrome, showing statistical difference when compared with the other two syndrome types and the Western medical treatment group (P0.05, P0.01). No obvious adverse reaction occurred in the two groups during the treatment course.Shen invigorating and blood activating method could improve the semen density and semen activities, and it was superior to other therapeutic methods.

Using a first-principles noncollinear wave-function-matching method, we studied the spin-transfer torques (STTs) in CoFe/Mg-B-O/CoFe(001) magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), where three different types of B-doped MgO in the spacer are considered, including B atoms replacing Mg atoms (Mg$_3$BO$_4$), B atoms replacing O atoms (Mg$_4$BO$_3$), and B atoms occupying interstitial positions (Mg$_4$BO$_4$) in MgO. A strong asymmetric angular dependence of STT can be obtained both in ballistic CoFe/Mg$_3$BO$_4$ and CoFe/Mg$_4$BO$_4$ based MTJs, whereas a nearly symmetric STT curve is observed in the junctions based on CoFe/Mg$_4$BO$_3$. Furthermore, the asymmetry of the angular dependence of STT can be suppressed significantly by the disorder of B distribution. Such skewness of STTs in the CoFe/Mg-B-O/CoFe MTJs could be attributed to the interfacial resonance states induced by the B diffusion into MgO spacer. The present investigation demonstrates the feasibility of effectively enhancing microwave output power in MgO based spin torque oscillator (STO) by doping the B atoms into MgO spacer., 8 pages, 8 figures

The structural properties of Mo2Ga2C are simulated by first-principles under pressure. At 40 GPa, the axial compressibilities of [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-axes are 0.9763 and 0.9264, respectively, which are the known largest and smallest values in the [Formula: see text] compounds. A phase transition at 48 GPa is observed with an abrupt increase of [Formula: see text]-axis and a rapid decrease of [Formula: see text]-axis. The elastic properties and phonon imaginary frequencies confirmed the structural transition at 48 GPa, which probably should be the lowest-pressure transition in the [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text], etc.) phases. The anti-expansion of Mo–Mo bond length is responsible for the [Formula: see text]-axis ultra-incompressibility as well as the structural transition at 48 GPa.

First-principles calculations of the crystal structures, phase transition, and elastic properties of B1-B2 phase calcium sulfide (CaS) have been carried out with the plane-wave pseudopotential density functional theory method. The calculated values (for crystal structures and the phase transition) are in very good agreement with experimental data as well as with some of the existing model calculations. The dependence of the elastic constants c(ij), the aggregate elastic modulus, the deviation from the Cauchy relation, and the elastic anisotropy on pressure have been investigated. The normalized elastic constants c(ij)' have been introduced to investigate the elasticity of CaS in detail. Moreover, the variation of the Poisson ratio, Debye temperature, and longitudinal and transverse elastic wave velocity with pressure P up to 70 GPa at 0 K have been investigated for the first time.