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The optical properties have been numerically investigated in crystalline silicon nanoholes array for various structural parameters. We have demonstrated that the light absorption can be greatly enhanced in silicon nanoholes array especially for long wavelength absorption compared with single diameter nanoholes array. We have also obtained the optimal parameters for absorption wavelength control, at which the photocurrent enhancement factors have been achieved to be 14.43% compared to silicon thin film. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of the absorption enhancement in dual-diameter nanoholes array has been discussed.

Objective: To investigate the optimal age for the baseline serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and for repeat screening and its economic burden in a single center in China. Materials and Methods: 35,533 men with PSA screening were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Follow-ups were conducted in 1,586 men with PSA >4 ng/mL, and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to investigate the optimal cutoffs. Results: ROC analysis indicated that the optimal age for initial PSA screening was 57.5 years (AUC = 0.84), 62.5 years (AUC = 0.902), 60.5 years (AUC = 0.909), and 61.5 years (AUC = 0.890) for individuals with PSA >4 and >10 ng/mL, a diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa), and clinically significant PCa defined as the focus events, respectively. For Chinese men aged 50–59, 60–69, and >70 years, the initial PSA levels of 1.305 ng/mL (AUC = 0.699), 1.975 ng/mL (AUC = 0.711), and 2.740 ng/mL (AUC = 0.720) might have a PSA velocity >0.75 ng/mL per year during the follow-up. In addition, the total cost amounts to CNY 13,609,260 in these cases, but only 60 of the 35,533 (0.17%) men gained benefit from PSA screening. Conclusion: In our opinion, the optimal starting age for initial PSA testing was 57.5 years. The necessity for repeat screening should be based on the first PSA level depending on age. A cost-­benefit analysis should be included in population-based screening.

To investigate the effects of amiodarone combined with glycyrrhetinic acid on the activity, apoptosis and autophagy in human hepatoma HepG2 cells.After using amiodarone and glycyrrhetinic acid alone or in combination treatment for HepG2 cells, MTT assay was used to detect cell proliferation, Annexin Ⅴ/PI flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis; Western blot was used to detect the expression of autophagy-related proteins Beclin-1, LC3 and p62. The formation of EGFP-LC3 green fluorescent aggregates was observed under a fluorescence microscope. The effects of autophagy on cell proliferation and apoptosis were studied by autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and autophagy promoter Rapamycin.The cell viability in combination group was lower than that in single drug group, and the apoptosis rate was higher than that in single drug group. Compared with single-drug group, the expressions of Beclin-1 and LC3Ⅱ protein in the combination group were higher than that in the single-drug group, while the expression of p62 protein was lower in the single-drug group. Fluorescence microscopy results showed that the number of EGFP-LC3 fluorescent aggregates in the combination group were more than that in the single-drug. Using amiodarone and glycyrrhetinic acid treated HepG2 cells, inhibition of auotophagy could decrease cell viability, increase apoptosis rate of cells; promoting autophagy would decrease the apoptosis rate and increase cells viability.By increasing apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and autophagy level, and decreasing the cell activity, amiodarone combining with glycyrrhetinic acid treatment inducing autophagy a protective mechanism for cells.

To explore the application value of real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound (RTCEU) in improving the detection rate of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy.This prospective study included 91 male patients with abnormally high PSA (4－20 μg/L) or abnormalities in DRE or MRI, who underwent 12+X prostate biopsy following conventional transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and RTCEU examination. We compared the numbers of suspected prostatic nodules before and after RTCEU as well as the detection rates of prostate cancer between conventional TRUS-guided 12PBx and 12PBx plus lesion-targeted biopsy procedures.Totally, 57 of the 86 suspected lesions on TRUS (66.3%), and 108 of the 118 abnormal nodules on RTCEU (91.5%) were confirmed to be prostate cancer. RTCEU achieved a significantly higher detection rate than TRUS (P0.01). A total of 39 cases of prostate cancer (42.8%) were detected by RTCEU, while only 28 (30.7%) by TRUS, with statistically significant difference in the detection rate between the two procedures (P=0.033).Real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound can significantly improve the detection rate of prostate cancer and provide a valuable guide to targeted prostate biopsy.目的： 探讨实时超声造影技术提高经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检阳性率的应用价值。方法： PSA异常升高（4~20 μg/L）、直肠指检(DRE)异常或前列腺MRI异常的男性患者，经积极肠道准备后进行前列腺穿刺活检，穿刺方案为12+X针（左右侧叶前列腺尖部、中部及基底部腺体各穿刺1针+可疑结节靶向穿刺X针）。穿刺前先对前列腺进行常规超声检查，然后进行超声造影。比较超声造影前后发现前列腺结节内可疑前列腺癌结节数目差异，以及常规超声引导和实时超声造影引导下前列腺穿刺活检前列腺癌检出率的差异。 结果： 常规经直肠超声发现可疑结节86个，检出前列腺癌57个，阳性率为66.3%。超声造影发现异常结节118个，其中108个检测出前列腺癌，阳性率91.5%。超声造影诊断前列腺异常结节效率明显高于常规经直肠超声（P0.01）。超声造影引导下穿刺检出前列腺癌39例（42.8%），而常规经直肠超声检查仅能检出28例（30.8%）,两者差异显著（P=0.033）。结论： 实时超声造影可提高前列腺可疑结节的检出率，为前列腺靶向穿刺提供更精确定位。靶向穿刺可有效提高前列腺癌的检出率，有利于早期发现前列腺癌。.

We describe here a female patient who presented with a breast mass and giant abdominal mass. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the breast mass and histological examination after modified radical mastectomy confirmed metaplastic carcinoma of the breast. The epithelial components were formed by infiltrating ductal carcinoma with poor differentiation, and the sarcomatous components were formed by fibrosarcoma and osteosarcoma. Histological examination of the abdominal mass confirmed ovarian teratoma. The patient underwent modified radical mastectomy of the right breast and laparoscopic excision of the abdominal mass in the lower right quadrant. Having underwent six courses of chemotherapy, the patient is now in her tenth month after surgery and under follow-up, and she has no relapsed disease. These two diseases have never seen in one patient before. The case we report here provides some new data for research and clinical experience and it may also provide a new insight into the relationship between metaplastic breast carcinoma and ovarian teratoma.

To investigate co-expression of CD99/MIC2 and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) protein in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) tissues and Karpas 299 cells and its significance.Clinical prognoses and ALK protein expressions of 25 cases of ALCL were reviewed retrospectively, the median duration of survival was analyzed for patients with ALK(+) ALCL and ALK(-) ALCL. Histological and immunohistochemical staining were applied to other 25 cases of ALCL and paraffin-embedded tissue from human anaplastic large-cell lymphoma Karpas 299 cells to detect the protein of CD99 and ALK.Of former 25 cases of ALCL, median duration of survival for ALK(+) patients was 59 months, whereas 20 months for ALK(-) patients. The prognosis of ALK(+) group was better than that of ALK(-) group, survival curves of these two groups showed statistically significant (P0.05). CD99 was positive in 18 cases (72.0%) while negative in 7 cases (28.0%) of the latter 25 ALCL, ALK was positive in 19 cases (76.0%) while negative in 6 cases (24.0%); Of 19 ALK(+) ALCL, 16 (84.2%) cases co-expressed CD99-ALK; and in 6 ALK(-) ALCL, 2(33.3%) were CD99-ALK double negative, the expression of CD99 protein strongly correlated with that of ALK protein (P0.05). ALK and CD99 protein expressed in Karpas 299 cells with diffuse distribution.CD99 highly expressed in ALCL, and showed high rate of co-expression with ALK. CD99 protein expression could be considered as a helpful diagnostic and prognostic factor of ALCL, especially for ALK(+) ALCL.

Paraganglioma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor arising from the undifferentiated cells of the primitive neural crest. We report a case of malignant paraganglioma originating from the left kidney. The 55-year-old female patient was admitted for intractable cough for a month and the presence of a solid mass in the left lung detected by computer tomography (CT). Sonography revealed a mass in the left kidney after admission. Complete surgical resection of the tumor was performed and the diagnosis of malignant paraganglioma originating from the left kidney was established pathologically. During the follow-up for 12 months, the patient showed a good general condition and sonography revealed no evidence of recurrence. Based on these findings, we discussed the diagnosis of this disease using medical imaging modalities.

To investigate the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in degenerative human intervertebral disc.Specimens of the nucleus pulposus of the degenerative discs were obtained from patients with lumbar disc herniation (experimental group), and those from young patients suffering thoracolumbal vertebral bursting fracture served as the control. The experimental group was divided into three subgroups according to the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results. The tissue specimens from all the groups were examined for HIF-1alpha and MMP-2 expressions using immunohistochemistry.The tissues in the experimental group showed significantly higher expressions of HIF-1alpha and MMP-2 than those in the control group (P0.05), and the expressions increased significantly with the severity of the degenerative changes of the intervertebral discs (P0.05). A positive correlation was found between the expressions of the HIF-1alpha and MMP-2 in degenerative intervertebral discs.HIF-1alpha and MMP-2 may participate in the degeneration of human intervertebral discs, in which process their expressions show a common pattern of enhancement with the progression of the condition.