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Many large and super-large copper deposits have been discovered and explored in the Tibet Plateau, which makes it the most important copper resource reserve and development base in China. Based on the work of the research team, the paper summarizes the geological characteristics of the main copper deposits in Tibet and puts forward a further prospecting direction. A series of large accumulated metal deposits or ore districts from subduction of Tethys oceanic crust to India-Asia collisionhave been discovered, such as Duolong Cu (Au) ore district and Jiama copper polymetallic deposit. The ore deposits in the Duolong ore district are located in the lowstand domain, the top of lowstand domain, and the highstand domain of the same magmatic-hydrothermal metallogenic system, and their relative positions are the indicators for related deposits in the Bangong Co-Nujiang metallogenic belt. The polycentric metallogenic model of the Jiama copper polymetallic deposit is an important inspiration for the exploration of the porphyry mineralization related to collision orogeny. Further mineral exploration in the Tibet Plateau should be focused on the continental volcanic rocks related to porphyry-epithermal deposits, orogenic gold deposits, hydrothermal Pb-Zn deposits related to nappe structures, skarn Cu (Au) and polymetallic deposits, and the Miocene W-Sn polymetallic deposits. ©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.

The petrogenesis and tectonic evolution of the Mesozoic ophiolitic melanges in the western section of the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (YZSZ) remain controversial. In this paper, we present the results of whole-rock geochemical and Sr Nd isotope analyses, zircon U Pb ages and in situ Lu Hf isotopic data obtained from mafic rocks of the northern and southern sub-belts of the western YZSZ Mesozoic ophiolitic melanges to help us understand these controversial issues. Diabases and dolerites from the northern sub-belt and gabbros from the southern sub-belt exhibit variable fore-arc basalt (FAB)-like geochemical compositions and have zircon U Pb ages of ∼126.4–120.3 Ma. In addition, gabbro-diabases from the northern sub-belt have boninite series affinities and yield a zircon U Pb age of ∼125.7 Ma. These results, along with previous studies on the YZSZ Mesozoic ophiolitic melanges and the Gangdese arc, reveal that the western YZSZ Mesozoic ophiolites were likely generated over multiple stages in the epicontinental Gangdese fore-arc basin as the Yarlung Zangbo Neo-Tethyan Ocean subducted northward in front of the Lhasa terrane. The Early Cretaceous FAB-like and boninite series mafic rocks were formed by the reinitiation of subduction, which was followed by a retreat of the subduction zone and the creation of the fore-arc basin and strong hyperextension, accompanied by asthenosphere upwelling at ∼130–120 Ma. During this process, the upwelling asthenosphere underwent decompressional melting with limited penetration of slab-derived fluids and gave rise to the N-MORB (normal mid-ocean ridge basalt)-like basaltic magmas that intruded the overlying, previously generated depleted mantle as FAB-like gabbro, diabase and dolerite sills or dykes. Then, boninitic magmas represented by boninitic gabbro-diabases were generated by remelting the extremely depleted residual mantle source, which was metasomatized by a small amount of slab-derived fluids, following previous extractions of FAB-like magma.

Amphibolites occur as blocks within serpentinite-matrix melange at Dong Tso and Lagkor Tso in the Gertse area of central Tibet, where they are associated with the Bangong-Nujiang suture (BNS). Geochemical data shows amphibolites have similar MORB or arc-like MORB geochemical characteristics. Lagkor Tso amphibolites show greater arc affinity, whereas those from Dong Tso amphibolites are more MORB-like. These characteristics are similar to basalts from continental back-arc basin settings. Hornblendes from the amphibolites dated by the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar single-grain laser fusion technique show similar metamorphic ages ∼170–177 Ma, which is interpreted to represent the timing of the main metamorphic event experienced in this region. We suggest that the western and middle sectors of the BNS contain the remnants of a short-lived back-arc basin (the Bangong-Nujiang ocean), which partly opened and closed in the Middle Jurassic.