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Using the binary coupled mixing algorithm as the foundation, the full color phase mixing mode of six primary colored fibers is proposed, a full color phase mixing model containing 60 grid points is established, and the corresponding color mixing chromatography is provided. Inside the construction of the full color phase mixing model, 30 grid points are chosen in a gradient of 20%, and 30 colored yarns of six color systems are spun according to the mixing ratios of the binary primary colored fibers corresponding to the grid points. Taking 30 colored yarns as samples, the approach of determining the reflectance conversion coefficient ( M value) with the spectral wavelength and the mixing ratios of binary primary colored fibers as independent variables is derived by the Stearns–Noechel algorithm; a method for predicting the colors of fabrics by the mixing ratios of fibers and predicting the mixing ratios of fibers by the colors of fabrics is proposed. It is demonstrated that the reflectance conversion coefficient in the Stearns–Noechel color prediction equation is related to both the spectral wavelength and the mixing ratios of the primary colored fibers; the colors of the forming yarns can be forecasted using the mixing ratios of the primary colored fibers in the full color phase mixing model, and the mixing ratios of the primary colored fibers in the model can also be predicted by the colors of the yarns.

In this study, a composite day extension of the Hocking (2005) analysis technique was used to study diurnal and seasonal variations in atmospheric short-period (less than 2 h) gravity waves (GWs) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). Observations were made using meteor radar wind data collected in Langfang, China (39.4° N, 116.7° E). GW activity was found to be strong over a 24-hour period, above the 95% confidence level, during almost every month of the year, as determined by an analysis of the corresponding power spectra. A 12-hour period of particularly high activity was also evident in April and October for zonal wind variance, as well as in January, April, May, and December for meridional wind variance. Additional periods were observed for the first time, including 4-, 6-, and 8-hour cycles with confidence intervals greater than 95%. This suggests the possibility that GW activity could be modulated by solar-heating tidal wave harmonics. The zonal and meridional wind variances also exhibited annual, semi-annual, and quasi-4-month oscillation periods. Lastly, weak quasi-3-month and strong quasi-2.4-month cycles were observed at specific altitudes.

In this study, long term observations of medium frequency (MF) radar at Langfang site (39.4°N, 116.7°E) from 2009 to 2020 have been used to analyze the dependence of the 11-year solar cycle on horizontal winds in the local mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). The results show that the zonal wind is positively correlated with solar activity during spring at 80–84 km, and during summer at 80–82 km; the meridional wind is positively correlated with solar activity during spring at 84–88 km and during summer at 84–90 km. In contrast, the results show no correlation between the horizontal wind and solar activity in autumn and winter. We attempt to explain the correlations in terms of the changes in stratospheric temperature and the net flux of gravity waves during solar activities. In addition, annual and semiannual oscillations of the zonal/meridional wind were found by using the least squares fitting method on daily horizontal winds, which show negative correlations with solar activity at heights of 80–90 km.

During solar flares, the X-ray radiation suddenly increases, resulting in an increase in the electron density of the atmospheric D region and a strong absorption of short-wave radio waves. Based on Langfang medium frequency (MF) radar, this paper analyzed the variation characteristics of D region in the lower ionosphere from 62 km to 82 km. The analysis focused on multiple C-level and M-level solar flare events before and after the large-scale flare event at 11:53 (UT) on September 6, 2017. The results show that it is difficult to detect the electron density over 70 km in Langfang during solar flares, but the electron density value can be obtained as low as 62 km, and the stronger the flare intensity, the lower the detectable electron density height. Besides, the equal electron density height, the received power of X and O waves will also be significantly reduced during the flares, and the reduction of equal electron density height has a weak linear relationship with flare intensity.

Based on the data at ~40°N at different longitudes during different stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) events, the responses of zonal winds in the stratosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere to SSWs are studied in this paper. The variations of zonal wind over Langfang, China (39.4°N, 116.7°E) by MF radar and the modern era retrospective-analysis for research and applications (MERRA) wind data during 2010 and 2013 SSW and over Fort Collins, USA (41°N, 105°W) by lidar and MERRA wind data during 2009 SSW are compared. Results show that the zonal wind at ~40°N indeed respond to the SSWs while different specifics are found in different SSW events or at different locations. The zonal wind has significant anomalies during the SSWs. Over Langfang, before the onset of 2010 and 2013 SSW, the zonal wind reverses from eastward to westward below about 60–70 km and accelerates above this region, while westward wind prevails from 30 to 100 km after the onset of 2010 SSW, and westward wind prevails in 30–60 and 85–100 km and eastward wind prevails in 60–85 km after the onset of 2013 SSW. Over Fort Collins during 2009 SSW, eastward wind reverses to westward in 20–30 km before the onset while westward wind prevails in 20–30 and 60–97 km and eastward wind prevails in 30–60 and in 97–100 km after the onset. Moreover, simulations by the specified dynamics version of the whole atmosphere community climate model (SD-WACCM) are taken to explain different responding specifics of zonal wind to SSW events. It is found that the modulation of planetary wave (PW) plays the main role. Different phases of PWs would lead to the different zonal wind along with longitudes and the different amplitudes and phases in different SSW events can lead to the different zonal wind responses.

After welding or servicing at high temperature, carbon migration will occur in dissimilar welded joint. Correspondingly, the carburized layer with high carbon content and decarburized layer with low carbon content are formed near weld fusion line. Carbon migration has a great influence on the properties of the joint and leads to premature failure. However, due to the small size of carburized layer and decarburized layer, it is difficult to use the traditional uniaxial tensile test method to study their mechanical properties. In this work, the elastoplastic properties of base metal (BM), carburized zone (CZ), decarburized zone (DZ) and weld metal (WM) in A302/ Cr5Mo dissimilar weld joint were investigated by nanoindentation tests. nanoindentation tests results indicate that the decarburized zone is the weakest position in the weld joint. Metallographic and carbon content distribution analysis were also carried out and found that the width of CZ is related to the width of fusion zone (FZ) and the CZ does not exceed the boundary of FZ.

Data obtained from the newly installed MF radar at Langfang (39.4 degrees N, 116.7 degrees E), China, during the summer months of 2009 are used to study the short-term variability and summer averages of the mean wind and tidal oscillations in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). Both the zonal and meridional daily winds between 80 km and 98 km show considerable day-to-day variability; their Lomb-Scargle spectra reveal active quasi-2-day and quasi-16-day planetary waves. The tidal large day-to-day variations have time scales of days or longer, which could be attributed to the contribution of planetary waves. The summer-averaged zonal wind is westward below 82 km and eastward above 88 km with the transition altitude at similar to 85 km. The meridional wind is dominated by the southward wind. The summer-averaged zonal and meridional semidiurnal tides exhibit amplitudes of 10-15 m/s; they are larger than the diurnal tides, whose amplitudes are 5-10 m/s. The phase tilt of the semidiurnal tide is downward, indicating this component is excited below the MLT. For the diurnal tide, the phase propagation is downward above 86 km but it is upward below 86 km, which indicates that the tide is evanescent or a mixture of evanescent and propagating modes. These wind and tide observations are compared with data from other mid-latitude stations at similar to 40 degrees N and with the HWM and GSWM models. Comparisons show that HWM-93 is better than HWM-07 in delineating the 2009 summer-averaged zonal wind over Langfang while both have systematic discrepancy in delineating the meridional mean winds. The prediction of the 2009 summer-averaged diurnal tide over Langfang by GSWM-09 is better than that from GSWM-02 but not the semidiurnal tide. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The first imaging observation experiment of the atmospheric gravity waves in the mesopause region with the all-sky OH* Meinel band airglow CCD imager is made during 02:00 to 06:00 on January 5, 2009, at Hancun (39.4°N, 116.6°E), Langfang, Hebei in China. Quasi-monochromatic gravity waves (QMGWs) are found clearly in the observation data. Case studies show that their horizontal wavelengths, horizontal phase velocities, azimuth angles of horizontal propagation directions and periods of three QMGW examples are about 12.3 km, 41 m/s, 327°, 5 min; 25 km, 35 m/s, 68°, 12 min; and 10 km, 48 m/s, 341°, 3.5 min respectively.

High resolution radars require signals with large time-bandwidth product such as CW signal and coherent pulse train (CPT). We discuss a phase-coded interrupted CW (ICW) signal which is the combination of CW signal and CPT. Phase codes used here are with perfect periodic autocorrelation. The periodic ambiguity function of ICW signals is studied including single-carrier signal and multi-carrier signal. It is interesting that the gate function has different effects on two signals and contributes to a multi-carrier ICW signal which yields nearly perfect autocorrelation. Meanwhile we also suggest an efficient receiver approach to ICW signals, which can reduce the computational burden of the processor and utilize the good properties of P3 and P4 codes.

Mesospheric gravity waves play important roles in atmospheric circulation and variability. It is meaningful to obtain the features of the mesospheric gravity waves on a global scale, such as the distribution and the sources. However, limited by the field of view, the ground-based instrument can only access some local information. We developed a space-borne imager to observe the global gravity waves by collecting the O2 airglow with TDI (Time Delayed and Integration) method. The function of the imager was testified in our laboratory with a led screen, where the gravity waves were simulated and shown. On a satellite orbit with the altitude of 700 km and inclination of 73 degree, the imager can obtain the gravity waves with horizontal wavelength more than 10 km, even taking the effect induced by the earth rotation into account.

Background Insertion of T4 lysozyme (T4L) into the GPCR successfully enhanced GPCR protein stability and solubilization. However, the biological functions of the recombinant GPCR protein have not been analyzed. Methods We engineered the CCR5-T4L mutant and expressed and purified the soluble recombinant protein using an E.coli expression system. The antiviral effects of this recombinant protein in THP-1 cell lines, primary human macrophages, and PBMCs from different donors were investigated. We also explored the possible mechanisms underlying the observed antiviral effects. Results Our data showed the biphasic inhibitory and promotion effects of different concentrations of soluble recombinant CCR5-T4L protein on R5 tropic human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in THP-1 cell lines, human macrophages, and PBMCs from clinical isolates. We demonstrated that soluble recombinant CCR5-T4L acts as a HIV-1 co-receptor, interacts with wild type CCR5, down-regulates the surface CCR5 expression in human macrophages, and interacts with CCL5 to inhibit macrophage migration. Using binding assays, we further determined that recombinant CCR5-T4L and [125I]-CCL5 compete for the same binding site on wild type CCR5. Conclusions Our results suggest that recombinant CCR5-T4L protein marginally promotes HIV-1 infection at low concentrations and markedly inhibits infection at higher concentrations. This recombinant protein may be helpful in the future development of anti-HIV-1 therapeutic agents.

In this paper we report atmospheric wind variations during the 2013 major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event at Langfang (39.4°N, 116.7°E). The wind measurements by Langfang meteor radar and UK Meteorological Office (UKMO) wind data are combining used to present their anomalous behaviors response to the event. These winds reveal significant anomalies in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) zonal wind over mid-latitude corresponding to the 2013 major warming by comparing to the observations in 2010/2011 when no major warming occurred and could be considered as the normal condition. Results show that the westward wind at 60°N during 2013 major SSW was first observed between 40 km and 53 km and then extended to lower stratosphere and mesosphere. Over mid-latitude, the eastward wind reversed to westward during January 4–15, 2013 at about 80 km with the maximum value of 48.4 m/s on January 11 by UKMO data, while the reversals of MLT daily mean zonal wind persisted from January 8 to 14 observed by meteor radar with the maximum value of 40.2 m/s at 98 km also on January 11. The period of this wind reversal and the date of the maximum wind actually coincide with the mesospheric response at high latitude to the 2013 major warming. These observations and analysis document clearly the impact of a major SSW on the MLT dynamics over the mid-latitude.

Most patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have mild cognitive impairment.1 A familial ALS (fALS) case carrying a SOD1 missense mutation with non-executive cognitive impairment was reported.2 However, cognitive impairment in fALS remains poorly understood. We report on a Chinese family with a novel SOD1 mutation, G41D, which causes slow progression of motor neuron function loss and cognitive impairment. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of The People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province. A 62-year-old woman (the proband) was admitted to our department due to a 12-year history of progressive limb weakness and gait impairment. We obtained informed consent for the genetic study from the patient. The proband had muscle weakness in her left upper limb at 50 years of age and subsequently developed muscle weakness in both upper limbs as well as progressive upper motor neuron symptoms in her lower extremities. At 62 years of age, her muscle weakness worsened, with the appearance of atrophy in her upper limbs and diffuse cramps in her lower limbs, including gait abnormalities. She showed dysarthria and dysphonia, and no dysphagia. Neurological examination showed diffuse weakness in the distal arm muscles with less strength than antigravity, and moderate weakness in the proximal arm muscles with strength against resistance. Fasciculation was observed in these muscles. She also exhibited tongue hypotrophy with fasciculation. Additionally, there was pathological hyperreflexia. Cerebrospinal fluid analyses were normal and serum cryoglobulins were absent. MRI scans of the brain and cervical, thoracic and lumber spine were normal. The 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose cerebral positron emission tomography revealed reduced uptake in the left supermarginal gyrus and left frontopolar …