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Single Cu atom with special structure of Cu–N charge bridge broadens the response range of visible light, increases the efficiency of electron–hole separation and transfer, and reduces the hydrogen evolution reaction energy barrier.

We propose a strategy to etch dopants to construct Mo2C with more unsaturated coordination of Mo atoms and lattice distortion for enhanced catalytic activity.

The research of Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis which is a process that has a more specific focus than general sentiment analysis is trending upwards in numbers. Stemming from Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), novel approaches introduced new components like Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) and Transformers that improved the overall accuracy dramatically. Along with summarizing the models, the focus of this survey will be on comparing the several novel methods. Although this paper found that Dependency graph enhanced dual-transformer network (DGEDT) coupled with Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) is the best performing model thus far, this paper also identified challenges that needed to be addressed in order to better evaluate current and future models.

Liquid metals (LMs) have emerged as promising functional materials that combine the properties of both liquid and metal. These characteristics enabled them to find applications in many fields. However, the LMs usually can only display a silver-white physical appearance, which limits their further applications in the fields with the imposition of stringent requirements for color and aesthetics. Herein, we report that the surface of LMs was transformed directly from metal to fluorescent semiconductor layer by an example of eutectic GaInSn (eGaInSn) induced by thermal oxidation. Specifically, a core-shell structure is formed from the fluorescent layer and the LMs. The shell endows the LMs with fluorescence without affecting their interior fluidity and conductivity. In particular, the formation process as well as the degree of crystallization, phase transformation, and light emission of the fluorescent oxide shell on the surface of LMs is regulated by the component content. A thorough analysis of surface morphology, composition, structure, and properties of the fluorescent shell suggests that the Ga

A unique composite structure consists of ZIF-67 derived Co–C–N nanosheets and Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles was successfully prepared on the carbon cloth, the optimum electrode material exhibits an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 2100 F g−1 in 1 A g−1.

Formaldehyde (HCHO) is the main source of indoor air pollutant. HCHO sensors are therefore of paramount importance for timely detection in daily life. However, existing sensors do not meet the stringent performance targets, while deactivation due to sensing detection at room temperature, for example, at extremely low concentration of formaldehyde (especially lower than 0.08 ppm), is a widely unsolved problem. Herein, we present the Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) sensitized dispersed In2O3 nanograin via a low-fabrication-cost hydrothermal strategy, where the Ag NPs reduces the apparent activation energy for HCHO transporting into and out of the In2O3 nanoparticles, while low concentrations detection at low working temperature is realized. The pristine In2O3 exhibits a sluggish response (Ra/Rg = 4.14 to 10 ppm) with incomplete recovery to HCHO gas. After Ag functionalization, the 5%Ag-In2O3 sensor shows a dramatically enhanced response (135) with a short response time (102 s) and recovery time (157 s) to 1 ppm HCHO gas at 30 °C, which benefits from the Ag NPs that electronically and chemically sensitize the crystal In2O3 nanograin, greatly enhancing the selectivity and sensitivity.

P-type metal oxide semiconductors with special morphology have received high expectation for their potential application in gas sensors. We have synthesized hollow dodecahedral Cu2O nanocages with exposed (1 1 1) planes by a simple solution growth approach at room temperature. Characterization results indicate that the diameters of Cu2O nanocages are about 200 nm. Gas sensing performance of the Cu2O nanocages is investigated towards ethanol gas. Remarkably, the response of Cu2O reaches 4.6 at a low working temperature of 250 °C when the concentration is 100 ppm. The unique structure of Cu2O benefits the sensing performance owing to its active (1 1 1) planes.

Binder-free electrodes for supercapacitors have attracted much attention as no additive is required in their preparation processes. Herein, a hybrid metal oxide composed of graphene oxide (Co3O4/MnO2/GO) was successfully prepared. Briefly, electrochemical deposition and sintering were applied to grow Co3O4 nanosheets on nickel foam. Subsequently, MnO2 nanosheets were deposited on Co3O4 nanosheets via the thermal decomposition of a KMnO4 aqueous solution. Finally, graphene oxide was added to improve the performance of the composite. Particularly, the as-obtained Co3O4/MnO2/GO sample grown on nickel foam possessed a ternary nanosheet structure, and when applied as a binder-free electrode in a supercapacitor, it exhibited an excellent electrochemical performance. Firstly, the electrode exhibited an ultrahigh capacitance value of 2928 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in a three-electrode system. Besides, the electrode showed a promising rate performance of 853 F g−1 at a high current density of 20 A g−1. Moreover, the electrode displayed a relatively high energy density of 97.92 W h kg−1 at a power density of 125 W kg−1 and long cycle life of 93% retention after 5000 cycles at 10 A g−1 in a two-electrode system. Thus, all the electrochemical tests suggest that the Co3O4/MnO2/GO binder-free electrode is a potential candidate for energy storage.

Triethylamine is extremely harmful to human health, and chronic inhalation can lead to respiratory and hematological diseases and eye lesions. Hence, it is essential to develop a triethylamine gas-sensing technology with high response, selectivity, and stability for use in healthcare and environmental monitoring. In this work, a simple and low-cost sensor based on the Pt- and Ce-modified In

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The phase of an interferogram carries the desired information for various applications such as 3-D profilometry. It can be obtained with a wavelength tuning interferometer by acquiring a series of interferograms while changing the laser wavelength. The phase achieved by the interferometer, however, has severe error due to the laser output power change, which is produced inherently from changing the laser wavelength. To eliminate such phase error, we propose a real-time closed-loop feedback control system to keep the laser output power stable during the wavelength tuning. The control system integrates a photodetector, a data acquisition card, and an electro-optic amplitude modulator with our software to achieve the purpose. The experimental result of the system can steadily output a desired intensity value and the measurement speed is up to 600 KHz. Both its control principles as well as its experimental validation are depicted in this letter.

Piezoelectric transducer (PZT) is often used in the field of precision measurement to realize the micro-positioning function, such as Fizeau interferometer. But due to its inherent severe hysteresis and nonlinear characteristics, the use of piezoelectric transducer is affected. A piezoelectric transducer control instrument was designed to measure the displacement characteristic curve of piezoelectric transducer. The instrument included the control system and data received system. The control system produces a triangular wave signal with adjustable amplitude and frequency, then calculated from received signal to drive the piezoelectric transducer. The output displacement information of piezoelectric transducer is collected by the signal acquisition circuit composed of displacement sensor and ADC analog-digital converter. The purpose of the single chip is collecting and processing displacement data. According to the experimental results, we can get the characteristics curve of the piezoelectric transducer, which support the basis analysis and available for the future experiment.

Porous carbon materials and metal oxides are the most favorite electrode materials for supercapacitors. Herein, we put forward a novel biomass-derived carbon and metal oxide composite which denoted as AGC@MnO2 (activated ganoderma lucidum spore-derived O and N co-doped nanoporous carbon and pompon-like MnO2 composite). When tested as electrode material, AGC@MnO2 exhibits an excellent capacity of 1324 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in a three-electrode system. Besides, AGC@MnO2 exhibits a high energy density of 43.75 Wh kg−1 at a low power density of 250 W kg−1 and an ultra-long cycling life of 92.3% retention after 5000 times charge and discharge at 20 A g−1. All of the electrochemical results indicate AGC@MnO2 is a potential and valuable candidate of electrode materials for supercapacitors.

Carbon materials have been widely used as electrode materials for supercapacitors, while the current carbon precursors are mainly derived from fossil fuels. Biomass-derived carbon materials have become new and effective materials for electrodes of supercapacitors due to their sustainability, low pollution potential, and abundant reserves. Herein, we present a new biomass carbon material derived from water hyacinth by a novel activation method (combination of KOH and HNO3 activation). According to the electrochemical measurements, the material presents an ultrahigh capacitance of 374 F g&minus, 1 (the current density is 1 A g&minus, 1). Furthermore, the material demonstrates excellent rate performance (105 F g&minus, 1 at a higher density of 20 A g&minus, 1) and ideal cycling stability (87.3% capacity retention after 5000 times charge&ndash, discharge at 2 A g&minus, 1). When used for a symmetrical supercapacitor device, the material also shows a relatively high capacity of 330 F g&minus, 1 at 1 A g&minus, 1 (a two-electrode system). All measurements suggest the material is an effective and noteworthy material for the electrodes of supercapacitors.

In this work, the hierarchical structure SnO2 nanoflowers self-assembled by multilayer nanosheets were successfully prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. The sensor based on this material shows excellent performances, while the response toward 100 ppm formaldehyde (HCHO) is 34.6 at 300 °C, and the response for the other test gases is much lower. This is because the hierarchical structure can provide numerous oxygen adsorption sites and the gas efficient diffusion, which can ensure the sensing surfaces are immediately exposed to HCHO molecular because of the efficient diffusion pathway and make SnO2 be a highly conducting state in the same time.

Much attractions have been aroused about the biomass-derived carbon used for energy storage due to their high specific surface areas (SSA) and well-developed porosity. Here, we report a novel biomass carbon derived from lotus leaves which has excellent electrochemical performance. A two-step activation method is used for the preparation of the final sample: double activated lotus carbon (DALC). Briefly, HNO3 is used for the first-step activation and the KOH activating process continues. The DALC possesses an ultra-high SSA of 2351 m2 g−1 and abundant micropores and mesopores structures. And importantly, some defects are fabricated during the preparation process. These specific features make the final sample DALC exhibits an ideal specific capacity of 478 F g−1 in a three-electrode system at a current density of 1 A g−1, which is the highest level for all the previously reported biomass-derived carbon materials (without the presence of any metal oxides, which possess excellent specific capacity originally). Besides, the assembled symmetric supercapacitor in a two-electrode system also exhibits a superb specific capacitance of 358 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. All the results indicate that the DALC possesses a great potential for electrode materials of supercapacitors.

The phase of an interferogram carries the desired information for various applications, such as 3D profilometry, which can measure the surface 3D topography of optical elements. The phase can be obtained with a phase shift interferometer by acquiring a series of interferograms while changing the optical path difference. The optical path difference is generated by a piezoelectric actuator pushing reference mirror. However, the phase achieved by the interferometer has severe error due to the nonlinear characteristic of the piezoelectric actuator. To eliminate the phase error, we propose an open-loop control system to correct the nonlinear characteristic of the piezoelectric actuator. The control system integrates a micro-programmed control unit, a 16-bit digital-to-analog converter, two amplifiers, an inbuilt high-resolution strain gauge sensor, a signal processing unit, and a 24-bit analog-to-digital converter with our software to achieve the purpose. The experimental result of the system can accurately linearize the piezoelectric actuator. Both its control principles as well as its experimental validation are depicted in this paper.

In the experiment of researching the nanometer laser interferometer, our design of laser interferometer circuit system is up to the wireless communication technique of the 802.15.4 IEEE standard, and we use the RF TI provided by Basic to receive the data on speed control system software. The system’s hardware is connected with control module and the DC motor. However, in the experiment, we found that single chip microcomputer control module is very difficult to drive the DC motor directly. The reason is that the DC motor's starting and braking current is larger than the causing current of the single chip microcomputer control module. In order to solve this problem, we add a driving module that control board can transmit PWM wave signal through I/O port to drive the DC motor, the driving circuit board can come true the function of the DC motor’s positive and reversal rotation and speed adjustment. In many various driving module, the L298N module’s integrated level is higher compared with other driver module. The L298N model is easy to control, it not only can control the DC motor, but also achieve motor speed control by modulating PWM wave that the control panel output. It also has the over-current protection function, when the motor lock, the L298N model can protect circuit and motor. So we use the driver module based on L298N to drive the DC motor. It is concluded that the L298N driver circuit module plays a very important role in the process of driving the DC motor in the DC motor speed control system.

There are a lot of shortcomings with traditional optical adjustment in interferometry, such as low accuracy, time-consuming, labor-intensive, uncontrollability, and bad repetitiveness, so we treat the problem by using wireless remote control system. Comparing to the traditional method, the effect of vibration and air turbulence will be avoided. In addition the system has some peculiarities of low cost, high reliability and easy operation etc. Furthermore, the switching between two charge coupled devices (CCDs) can be easily achieved with this wireless remote control system, which is used to collect different images. The wireless transmission is achieved by using Radio Frequency (RF) module and programming the controller, pulse width modulation (PWM) of direct current (DC) motor, real-time switching of relay and high-accuracy displacement control of FAULHABER motor are available. The results of verification test show that the control system has good stability with less than 5% packet loss rate, high control accuracy and millisecond response speed.

The association between the expression of excision repair cross‑complementing gene 1 (ERCC1), thymidylate synthase (TYMS), ribonuleotide reductase M1 (RRM1), βIII‑tubulin (TUBB3), non‑muscle myosin II, myoglobin and MyoD1 in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma, and clinical outcomes with platinum‑based chemotherapy treatment is not well‑established. Recently, increasing attention has been focused on the involvement of ERCC1, TYMS, RRM1 and TUBB3 in the development of drug resistance. There has been less research into the role of muscle myosin II, myoglobin and MyoD1 in the pathogenesis of lung cancer, although these genes are known to have important functions within tumor cells. In the current study, malignant pleural effusion from 116 patients with untreated lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed between 2011 and 2012, were collected. The protein expression levels of ERCC1, TYMS, RRM1 and TUBB3 were evaluated with immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis. The expression levels of non‑muscle myosin II, myoglobin and MyoD1 were measured in a subset of 50 patients, treated with platinum‑based chemotherapy. The association of each of these seven factors with one another, as well as with patient survival were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the percentage of pleural fluid samples from patients with lung adenocarcinoma expressing ERCC1, TYMS, RRM1 and TUBB3 was 37, 36.2, 82.7 and 69.8%, respectively. In the subset of 50 patients in whom the remaining factors were analyzed, the percentage expressing non‑muscle myosin II was 48%, for myoglobin the figure was 40% and for MyoD1 it was 38%. There was a positive correlation between each pair of the above seven molecules with the exception of TYMS and RRM1. Expression of ERCC1, TYMS, TUBB3, non‑muscle myosin II, myoglobin and MyoD1 genes was associated with decreased survival in patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Expression of ERCC1, TYMS, TUBB3, non‑muscle myosin II, myoglobin and MyoD1 was also associated with decreased survival rates of patients with lung adenocarcinoma treated with platinum‑based chemotherapy. These factors may be used as clinical biomarkers to predict the biological behavior and chemoresistance of tumor cells, and the survival of patients with lung carcinoma.

The ribosome assembly factor NIN/RPN12 binding protein (Nob1) has been suggested to be essential for processing of the 20S pre-rRNA to the mature 18S rRNA, and is also reported to participate in proteasome biogenesis. However, it is unclear whether Nob1 is involved in tumor cells growth. The aim of this study was to determine whether the suppression of Nob1 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) inhibits the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Recombinant lentiviral shRNA expression vector carrying Nob1 was constructed and then infected into human HCC cell line SMMC-7721. The growth properties of SMMC-7721/pGCSIL-GFP-shNC and pGCSIL-GFP-shNob1 cells were determined by MTT, BrdU incorporation assay, and flow cytometric analysis. In addition, the colony formation and tumor growth ability in nude mice were detected to define the function of Nob1 in cell transformation and tumorigenesis. Our data showed that the growth and proliferation of SMMC-7721/pGCSIL-GFP-shNob1 cells were significantly reduced compared with the SMMC-7721/pGCSIL-GFP-shNC. In addition, the colony formation was impaired after the suppression of Nob1 in SMMC-7721 cells. And in vivo, the tumor formation ability of the SMMC-7721/pGCSIL-GFP-shNob1 cells was significantly reduced compared with the control cells. Our data support that Nob1 is an important regulator of the tumorigenic properties of human HCC and could be used as a candidate therapeutic target in human HCC.