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Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men, and it is becoming a prevalent malignancy. Most of the regular clinical examinations are prompt evaluations with cystoscopy, renal function testing, which require high-precision instrument, well-trained operators, and high cost. In this study, a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) was fabricated to detect nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) and bladder cancer antigen (BTA) from the urine samples. Urine samples were collected from 11 bladder cancer patients and 10 well-beings as experiment and control groups, respectively, to verify the working efficiency of μPAD. A remarkable checkout efficiency of up to 90.91% was found from the results. Meanwhile, this method is feasible for home-based self-detection from urine samples within 10 min for the total process, which provides a new way for quick, economical, and convenient tumor diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and drug response.

Photothermal therapy based on nanoparticles is a promising method for cancer treatment. However, there are still many limits in practical application. During photothermal therapy, improving therapeutic effect is contradictory to reducing overheating in healthy tissues. We should make the temperature distribution more uniform and reduce the damage of healthy tissue caused by overheating. In the present work, we develop a simple computational method to analyze the temperature distribution during photothermal therapy at three levels (nanoscale, micron scale, and millimeter scale), and investigate the effects of nanoparticle size, volume fraction, light intensity, and irradiation shape on temperature distribution. We find that it is difficult to achieve good therapeutic effect just by adjusting the volume fraction of nanoparticles and light intensity. To achieve good therapeutic effect, we propose a new irradiation shape, spot array light. This method can achieve a better temperature distribution by easily regulating the positions of spots for the tumor with a large aspect ratio or a small one. In addition, the method of irradiation with spot array light can better reduce the overheating at the bottom and top of the tumor than the full-coverage light or others such as ring light. This theoretical work presents a simple method to investigate the effects of irradiation shape on therapy and provides a far more controlled way to improve the efficacy of photothermal therapy.

We derive an analytical model for calculating the optical activity in monolayer black phosphorus under an external magnetic field. By optimizing the parameters, the circular dichroism can be comparable to that in previously reported chiral metamaterials in a broad angle range. Besides, the optical activity including the circular dichroism, the circular conversion dichroism and the circular birefringence can be tuned almost linearly via changing the applied magnetic field magnitude. These results show that our proposed model would possess potential applications in polarization optics, stereochemistry, and molecular biology.

The performance of the process network in the smart substation is particularly important for relaying functions implementation, and the transmission quality of sampled value packets is becoming the key constraint on protections because they carry practical parameters of the power system without repeated transmission. By means of phasor form and simulation, the model is built to analyze the operating characteristics of differential protection during the normal condition, external faults, and internal faults of the transformer, while packet loss/delay occurring at a different time and using different corrective measures. Considering the change of power equipment capacity, external fault types, starting points on wave and sampling frequency, the security boundaries are constructed for consecutive loss of sampled value packets. In addition, two indices are put forward to weigh the tolerance thresholds. Finally, the degree of dependability of differential protection due to the packet loss is further analyzed under the transformer internal faults.

This article explores the influence of power distance belief (PDB) on the evaluations of brand personality traits. It proposes that high PDB polarizes the brand personality evaluations of ingroup and outgroup brands. Specifically, results show that individuals with high PDB tend to evaluate an ingroup brand more positively and an outgroup brand more negatively than those with low PDB do. More importantly, brand social categorization tendency mediates the effect of PDB on brand personality evaluations of ingroup and outgroup brands. Furthermore, we find that temporal distance (near vs. distant buying conditions) moderates the effect of PDB on brand personality evaluations. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications are also discussed.

Doxorubicin (DOX) has dose-dependent toxicity on ovarian follicles (OFs), and the inhibition of different signaling molecules along with the DOX application for enhancing its efficacy can also upsurge this toxicity. Therefore, it is strongly required to explore the mechanism of DOX-induced toxicity in 3D culture systems for protecting the OFs. A microfluidic chip was used to culture a single OF to identify the potential signaling molecules and their combined effects on OFs dynamically. The chip offers better 3D biomimetic microenvironment to the growing OF than 2D culture systems. The OFs cultured on the chip were treated with DOX and the inhibitors of Src, Ca2+, and PIM. Their mutual effects were studied on OFs growth and 17β-estradiol secretion. Besides, the RNA levels of B4GALT2 and UNC5C genes of DOX-exposed OFs were detected by RT-qPCR, and TUNEL staining experiments were conducted to check the OF apoptosis. The results showed that DOX application reduced the OFs growth and hormone secretion and induced apoptosis in the OFs. Moreover, the DOX-induced toxic effects were enriched by Src and PIM inhibition, while reduced by the ER-Ca2+ channel inhibitor. This study specifically demonstrates the synergistic effects of some signaling molecules on DOX-mediated cellular functions of OFs and demands some meditative measures to decipher this toxicity for supporting the female endocrine and reproductive functions.

This research explores how incentive frames influence offline-to-online interaction in outdoor advertising, via a field study. We focus on three factors of incentive framing: call to action, definiteness, and incentive forms in order to identify the most effective ways to design incentives for outdoor interactive advertisements. In this study, the offline-to-online interaction process for outdoor advertisements is divided into three steps: QR code scanning, clicking, and registration. The findings demonstrate that call to action influences all three steps of offline-to-online interaction, and positive framing of the call to action stimulates increased interactions. In regard to definiteness, indefinite forms of incentive in the offline advertisements elicit a higher rate of QR code scanning and clicking compared with definite incentive forms. The interactive effect of definiteness and incentive forms is significant: when the incentive offered in outdoor advertising is indefinite, discounts have a stronger effect than gifts; in contrast, when the incentive is definite, the opposite occurs. On the basis of these findings, three managerial insights are proposed: (1) selection of positive framing for call to action; (2) the use of indefinite incentives in offline advertisement to trigger the audience's curiosity; (3) the application of appropriate forms of incentive according to specific scenarios.

Ba 3 Si 6 O 9 N 4 phosphors co-doped with Ce 3+ and Eu 2+ were synthesized via the solid-state reaction method. The samples could display varied color emission from blue and ultimately to green under the excitation of ultraviolet (UV) light or blue light with the appropriate adjustment of the relative proportion of Ce 3+ /Eu 2+ . The luminescence intensity of Ba 3 Si 6 O 9 N 4 :Eu 2+ can be efficiently enhanced by codoping with Ce 3+ . The energy transfer mechanism from Ce 3+ to Eu 2+ in Ba 3 Si 6 O 9 N 4 :Ce 3+ , Eu 2+ is electric dipole–dipole interaction, and the critical distance is calculated to be about 24.86 A by the spectra overlap method.

A novel phosphor Ba3Si6O9N4 doped with Eu and M (M=Ce3+, Mn2+ and Dy3+) has been synthesized by a solid state reaction at 1350 °C for 6 h under 90%N2/10%H2 atmosphere. It could be efficiently excited by UV–blue light (280–500 nm) and showed a single intense broadband emission (470–625 nm). Suitable excitation range make it match well with the emission of near-UV LEDs or blue LEDs. It was found that the luminescence intensity of the Ba3Si6O9N4:Eu2+ phosphors can be efficiently enhanced by codoping with M. The addition of M in Ba3Si6O9N4:Eu2+ remarkably enhances the luminescent intensity by the factor of 198%, 166% and 188% for Ce3+, Mn2+ and Dy3+, respectively. The Ba3Si6O9N4:Eu2+ phosphor has potential application as a phosphor for white light-emitting diodes.

A novel Ce 3+ /Eu 2+ co-activated Ba 3 Si 6 O 12 N 2 phosphor has been synthesized by traditional solid-state reaction. The samples could display varied color emissions from blue and ultimately to green under the excitation of ultraviolet (UV) light or blue light with the appropriate adjustment of the relative proportion of Ce 3+ /Eu 2+ . It was found that the luminescence intensity of the Ba 3 Si 6 O 12 N 2 :Eu 2+ phosphors can be efficiently enhanced by co-doping with Ce 3+ . The resonance-type energy transfer mechanism from Ce 3+ to Eu 2+ in Ba 3 Si 6 O 12 N 2 :Ce 3+ , Eu 2+ phosphors is dominant by electric dipole–dipole interaction, and the critical distance is calculated to be about 25.11 A by the spectra overlapping method. The Ba 3 Si 6 O 12 N 2 :Ce 3+ , Eu 2+ phosphor has potential application as a phosphor for white light-emitting diodes.

In this chapter, we provide a brief explanation on the motivation of this book and an overview of its structure. China is the second biggest economy in the world and has significant needs to transform its mechanisms of economic growth and social development. It is a crucial mission for China to achieve sustainable innovation and fair development, which can impact China at the individual, firm, and society levels, as well as other countries. This book consists of 15 peer-reviewed chapters divided into six different parts (including overview, individual and social perspective, organizational perspective, government perspective, international perspective, and conclusion). This book is edited to collectively present a wide range of views and opinions from active researchers in different disciplines on current challenges and proposed solutions to promote fair development in China.

After examining and comparing the concepts of equality, justice, and fairness and their evolution in both the East and the West, I adopt a unique three-level perspective of philosophy, systems, and behaviors to develop a theoretical framework and practical direction for fair development in China. Confucian philosophy has had a dominant influence on the formation of the Chinese fairness ideology and related social practices. The social ideal that “the world community is equally shared by all,” the disparity structure maintained by the ritual system, and the conscious behavioral development of the elite class of scholars and officials are the primary driving forces of the continuous evolution of fairness in Chinese society. Traditionally, fairness in China was institutionalized through the “benevolence” and “rites” of Confucianism. Looking forward to the future, China needs to influence the theories and practices of fair development by: (a) embedding the concept of equality in the ideology of fair development, (b) enabling the development of fairness through institutional construction, and (c) promoting the construction of social norms as a civil movement to advance fair development.

Electronic intermediaries are recognized as one of the most significant B2C business models in the Internet era. A trustworthy intermediary website functions as both an information intermediary and a credibility intermediary. Given the critical role of trust in driving online purchase behaviors, the technology acceptance model (TAM) has been applied to investigating the impact of technology on online trust from the perspective of users’ perception of Web interface. However, consumers’ trust in an electronic intermediary derives from not only technological factors, but also factors of brand reputation and consumers’ individual experiences. We conducted an experiment in the context of hotel booking websites. Results based on structural equation modeling indicate that the impact of an intermediary’s reputation exceeds that of technology acceptance. Besides, reputation sum and reputation distance, which stand for synthesis effect and the cask effect respectively, are the two mechanisms of trust transfer.

In traditional data fusion algorithms based on context awareness, time-varying application situations and context acquisition cost are not considered, which leads to inaccurate situation prediction and low applicability of data fusion. In this paper, a space-based context model is introduced, in which the sensors' history from three aspects, the context attribute, the context state and the situation space are described. Then optional attributes with the maximum overall utility are chosen by Dynamic Bayesian Networks. After that, the related situation prediction is obtained through data fusion. A data fusion algorithm CFACA (Context Fusion Algorithm based on Context Awareness) proposed in this paper gives a dynamic data fusion method. In the end, the simulation of this algorithm is discussed and the results show the effectiveness of the CFACA.