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The chemical structure of donors and acceptors limit the power conversion efficiencies achievable with active layers of binary donor-acceptor mixtures. Here, using quaternary blends, double cascading energy level alignment in bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic active layers are realized, enabling efficient carrier splitting and transport. Numerous avenues to optimize light absorption, carrier transport, and charge-transfer state energy levels are opened by the chemical constitution of the components. Record-breaking PCEs of 18.07% are achieved where, by electronic structure and morphology optimization, simultaneous improvements of the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current and fill factor occur. The donor and acceptor chemical structures afford control over electronic structure and charge-transfer state energy levels, enabling manipulation of hole-transfer rates, carrier transport, and non-radiative recombination losses.

The key factor of military aircraft flight safety is changed from technology reasons to human factors. Especially in the situations of carrier-based aircraft taking-off modes, flight conditions and visual environment, decreasing the flight accidents resulting from flight deck human factors is of great importance to ensure the carrier-based aircraft finishing flight and fighting tasks and enhancing flight safety. In combination with the characteristics of carrier-based aircraft, the human factor airworthiness regulations, including US military standards, SAE standards, China standards and China military standards, are analyzed, and the framework of human factor criterions on flight deck airworthiness design is given. According to the characteristics of military aircraft development phases, an evaluation method of carrier-based aircraft flight deck human factors is proposed. The method can provide new idea and means for carrier-based aircraft flight deck human factors airworthiness evaluation.

Most of the modern turbojet airplanes are installed with reversing system, which can promote the economy, availability and safety of airplanes. However, failures of reversing system may have significant effect on airplane and people on-board and on the ground. The design and compliance demonstration of reversing system is also one of the key certification issues that the authorities usually focus on. Through the analysis of regulations, Advisory Circulars(ACs), and amendments of CAAC, FAA and EASA, the applicable airworthiness requirements and their brief analysis, the controllability and reliability compliance options and respective considerations of turbojet reversing system are illustrated. Additionally, the reliability option is applied to a specific aircraft reversing system, and the exact compliance demonstration items as well as compliance conclusion are given. The results can provide a useful reference for airworthiness design and compliance verification of aircraft thrust reversing system in china.

Mixtures of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) are prepared to fine‐tune bulk heterojunction (BHJ) thin‐film morphologies. The acceptor phase resulting from these mixtures has unique physical properties with excellent optoelectronic processes that dictate the output of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Remarkable short‐circuit current densities (JSC) and fill factors (FFs) are achieved due to the formation of better crystalline fibrils that suppress geminate recombination, leading to improved charge transport with enhanced crystallinity and aligned cascading energy levels confirm efficient exciton diffusion and dissociation, yielding more effective exciton recycling. The decreased Urbach energy and suppressed energetic disorder account for the improvement in the open‐circuit voltage (VOC). A maximum power conversion efficiency of 17.86% is obtained, underscoring the importance of using specific material interactions to produce a suitable morphology and manage energy loss, resulting in ideal organic solar cell (OSC) devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two fluorophosphates, BaMPO4F (M = Cu, Co), have been synthesized by a conventional hydrothermal method, and they crystallize in the orthorhombic system with the space group P212121, exhibiting a tunnel structure built by distorted MO4F square-pyramids and PO4 tetrahedra. The magnetic behaviors of the two compounds are investigated by means of magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, and heat capacity measurements. The results indicate that BaCuPO4F exhibits a paramagnetic behavior down to 2 K, while BaCoPO4F undergoes long-range antiferromagnetic ordering at 11.3 K and short-range magnetic ordering at ∼22 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new compounds Sr2Cu5(PO4)4X2·8H2O (X = Cl and Br) are synthesized by a conventional hydrothermal method. Sr2Cu5(PO4)4Cl2·8H2O crystallizes in the tetragonal system with a space group of P4212, while Sr2Cu5(PO4)4Br2·8H2O crystallizes in the space group P4/nmm, which are found to have a similar framework of layered structure, in which the crown-like {Cu5(PO4)4X2} building units connect to each other forming a 2D corrugated sheet with vacancies, while the Sr2+ cations are located along the vacancies. The spin lattice of two compounds built by Cu2+ ions shows a new type of corrugated square. Magnetic measurements confirmed that both Sr2Cu5(PO4)4X2·8H2O (X = Cl and Br) exhibit antiferromagnetic ordering at low temperatures. A fit of theoretical model shows exchange interaction J = −25.62 K for the Cl-analogue and J/kB = −26.47 K for the Br-analogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The family of Archimedean lattices has eleven numbers, yet several of these lattices have not been reported for transition metal oxides. Here, the last number of Archimedean lattice was firstly realized in a layered phosphate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two fluorophosphates, BaMPO 4 F (M = Cu, Co), have been synthesized by a conventional hydrothermal method, and they crystallize in the orthorhombic system with the space group P2 1 2 1 2 1 , exhibiting a tunnel structure built by distorted MO 4 F square-pyramids and PO 4 tetrahedra. The magnetic behaviors of the two compounds are investigated by means of magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, and heat capacity measurements. The results indicate that BaCuPO 4 F exhibits a paramagnetic behavior down to 2 K, while BaCoPO 4 F undergoes long-range antiferromagnetic ordering at 11.3 K and short-range magnetic ordering at ∼22 K.

Two new compounds Sr 2 Cu 5 (PO 4 ) 4 X 2 ·8H 2 O (X = Cl and Br) are synthesized by a conventional hydrothermal method. Sr 2 Cu 5 (PO 4 ) 4 Cl 2 ·8H 2 O crystallizes in the tetragonal system with a space group of P42 1 2, while Sr 2 Cu 5 (PO 4 ) 4 Br 2 ·8H 2 O crystallizes in the space group P4/nmm, which are found to have a similar framework of layered structure, in which the crown-like {Cu 5 (PO 4 ) 4 X 2 } building units connect to each other forming a 2D corrugated sheet with vacancies, while the Sr 2+ cations are located along the vacancies. The spin lattice of two compounds built by Cu 2+ ions shows a new type of corrugated square. Magnetic measurements confirmed that both Sr 2 Cu 5 (PO 4 ) 4 X 2 ·8H 2 O (X = Cl and Br) exhibit antiferromagnetic ordering at low temperatures. A fit of theoretical model shows exchange interaction J = -25.62 K for the Cl-analogue and J/k B = -26.47 K for the Br-analogue.