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To effectively analyze the key construction quality risk factors of prefabricated concrete buildings and improve the quality management level of relevant components, this study collects and summarizes the construction quality risk factors and establishes a quality assessment index system for the construction of prefabricated concrete buildings. An improved FMEA risk assessment model based on fuzzy TOPSIS and variable weight method is proposed. Given the variability of the state values of the evaluation indicators of prefabricated concrete buildings' risk indicators, the penalty-type variable weight method is applied to evaluate of the objective weights of the indicators. The weighted normalization matrix of the risk indicator evaluation is then used to approximate the ideal solution by TOPSIS to rank the risks and obtain the risk priority level. Finally, the feasibility and operability of the method is verified by an example of prefabricated concrete building, which provides a new idea for the quality risk management of fabricated concrete construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]