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As the most common medical apparatuses, the scalpels are extensively used for tissue cutting. During the tissue cutting process, blood adhesion to the surface of the ordinary scalpel is unavoidable and seriously affects the usability of the scalpel, which may cause medical accidents. Therefore, developing an anti-blood scalpel is of great importance. Herein, we prepare a scalpel with outstanding anti-blood property through coating method. The cleaned ordinary scalpel is immersed in the mixed solution containing nanocomposite ceramic coatings and silicone oil. After drying, the anti-blood scalpel is obtained. It can be observed from the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images that the surface of the anti-blood scalpel possesses microstructures. Compared with the ordinary scalpel, our anti-blood scalpel demonstrates outstanding blood repellence. Blood droplets can easily slide on the anti-blood scalpel surface with ~5° sliding angle. Compared with the existing scalpels with anti-blood property, our scalpel has the ceramic slippery surface rather than the slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPSs). The stability of the ceramic slippery surface is much better than the SLIPSs because the SLIPSs are vulnerable under high temperatures and the decomposition products possess poor biocompatibility, which are harmful to human health. Therefore, the anti-blood scalpel has great application prospects in medical treatment.

Background: The effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6) knockdown on hypoxia-ischemia (HI) of neonatal rat models was investigated to explore the underlying molecular regulation mechanism. Methods: To establish the HI model, we treated 7days postnatal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with the right carotid artery ligation and had them exposed to the environment of 8% oxygen and 92% nitrogen for 2 h, respectively. Then, the neurologic function and morphology changes were assessed. Subsequently, IL-6 siRNA lentivirus was injected into cerebral cortex motor area 2 days before HI; meanwhile, the interference efficiency was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) and Western blot. Immunofluorescence staining of Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Hexaribonucleotide Binding Protein-3 (NeuN) and IL-6 were used to identify the location and interference effect of IL-6. In order to further research the underlying mechanisms, the expressions of downstream molecular including Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) and Casp3 were examined following IL-6 up-regulation by QRT-PCR.Results: It was found that both the growth of cortical neurons and the length of axon were promoted after IL-6 interference, and the cell apoptosis was decreased. In addition, the expression of BAX and Casp3 were closely associated with IL-6. Conclusions: The present findings confirmed that the decreased IL-6 improves the deficiencies in neurologic function and morphology induced by HI, and the potential mechanism may be closely related with the regulation of Casp3 and BAX.

Al-Cr/Al composites were fabricated by ultrasonic vibration assisted. Then the reinforced phase were characterized by XRD and EDS, the reinforcement particle size, morphology and distribution were observed by the use of SEM, and studied on the bending property of the composite material. The result shows that, Al and Cr generate inter-metallic compounds of Al0.983Cr0.017, Al5Cr, -Al8Cr5, -AlCr2, etc. The enhance particles, appear irregular polygonal shape, smaller particles diameter, distribute in the matrix uniformly. And the enhance particles and the matrix get good bond, clean interface, non-pollution. The bending strength bb of the composites is decline as increasing Cr content. It is easy to form stress concentration at the interface. Inter-metallic compounds grain are not easy to slip under external load force, reinforcing particles and the matrix are easy to suddenly fall off, so, composites have a greater brittle.

With the rapid development of economy, the economic efficiency of enterprises has also brought environmental problems. As the heavy pollution industries of iron and steel enterprises, we should take the environment as an important part of enterprise development, and make use of environmental management to enterprise management, improve the vigor and competitiveness of enterprises. In this paper, the econometric method is used to analyze factors affecting our country iron and steel enterprise environment management, evaluate environmental management situation of our country iron and steel enterprise, and put forward some suggestions.

Low non-freezing temperature is one of the major environmental factors affecting growth, development and geographical distribution of chilling-sensitive plants, Jatropha curcas is considered as a sustainable energy plants with great potential for biodiesel production. In this study, chilling shock at 5 °C followed by recovery at 26 °C for 4 h significantly improved survival percentage of J. curcas seedlings under chilling stress at 1 °C. In addition, chilling shock could obviously enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR), and the levels of antioxidants ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH), as well as the contents of osmolytes proline and betaine in leaves of seedlings of J. curcas compared with the control without chilling shock. During the process of recovery, GR activity, AsA, GSH, proline and betaine contents sequentially increased, whereas SOD, APX and CAT activities gradually decreased, but they markedly maintained higher activities than those of control. Under chilling stress, activities of SOD, APX, CAT, GR and GPX, and contents of AsA, GSH, proline and betaine, as well as the ratio of the reduced antioxidants to total antioxidants [AsA/(AsA + DHA) and GSH/(GSH + GSSG)] in the shocked and non-shock seedlings all dropped, but shocked seedlings sustained significantly higher antioxidant enzyme activity, antioxidant and osmolyte contents, as well as ratio of reduced antioxidants to total antioxidants from beginning to end compared with control. These results indicated that the chilling shock followed by recovery could improve chilling tolerance of seedlings in J. curcas, and antioxidant enzymes and osmolytes play important role in the acquisition of chilling tolerance.

Gaseous 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCBz) was photocatalytically decomposed on a powdered TiO2 layer using UV-light, or the latter combined with ozone addition. The effect of various experimental parameters was studied, including inlet concentrations of ozone, UV irradiation or not, carrier gas (dry air or nitrogen) and treatment time period. A temperature of 150 °C is selected, to replicate flue gas conditions after bag house filter. An optimum ozone addition of ca. 165 ppm was established, higher concentrations barely improving photocatalytic removal. Possible pathways and mechanisms are discussed on the basis of the intermediate products identified, the chloride ions distribution in the effluent and catalyst surface, and a carbon conversion balance.

In situ Al0.983Cr0.017 intermetallic compounds reinforced aluminum matrix composite was fabricated by the mechanical stirring casting method in this paper. In addition, microstructure and corrosion resistance of composite was investigated by XRD and SEM. The results show that the Al0.983Cr0.017 intermetallic compounds reinforcement distribute in the matrix uniformly. The clean interface between reinforcement and matrix has good interfacial bond. The corrosion resistance of Al0.983Cr0.017/Al composite materials presented a U-shaped curve, the best corrosion resistance present in the composite with 12% volume fraction reinforcement. The Al0.983Cr0.017 has a high corrosion resistance, which promoted the nucleation of pitting. Furthermore, the reinforcement interrupt the continuity of the matrix, inhibits the further expansion of pitting, which increases the corrosion resistance of composites.

Gaseous 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCBz) was catalytically decomposed in a fixed-bed catalytic reactor using composite copper-based titanium oxide (CuOx/TiO2) catalysts with different copper ratios. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were introduced to produce novel CuOx/TiO2-CNTs catalysts by the sol-gel method. The catalytic performances of CuOx/TiO2 and CuOx/TiO2-CNTs on 1,2-DCBz oxidative destruction under different temperatures (150-350 °C) were experimentally examined and the correlation between catalyst structure and catalytic activity was characterized and the role of oxygen in catalytic reaction was discussed. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) generation during 1,2-DCBz catalytic oxidation by CuOx/TiO2-CNTs composite catalyst was also examined. Results indicate that the 1,2-DCBz destruction/removal efficiencies of CuOx (4 wt%)/TiO2 catalyst at 150 °C and 350 °C with a GHSV of 3400 h(-1) are 59% and 94% respectively and low-temperature (150 °C) catalytic activity of CuOx/TiO2 on 1,2-DCBz oxidation can be improved from 59 to 77% when CNTs are introduced. Furthermore, oxygen either in catalyst or from reaction atmosphere is indispensible in reaction. The former is offered to activate and oxidize the 1,2-DCBz adsorbed on catalyst, thus can be generally consumed during reaction and the oxygen content in catalyst is observed lost from 39.9 to 35.0 wt% after reacting under inert atmosphere; the latter may replenish the vacancy in catalyst created by the consumed oxygen thus extends the catalyst life and raises the destruction/removal efficiency. The introduction of CNTs also increases the Cu(2+)/Cu(+) ratio, chemisorbed oxygen concentration and surface lattice oxygen binding energy which are closely related with catalytic activity. PCDD/Fs is confirmed to be formed when 1,2-DCBz catalytically oxidized by CuOx/TiO2-CNTs composite catalyst with sufficient oxygen (21%), proper temperature (350 °C) and high concentration of 1,2-DCBz feed (120 ppm).

This study was designed to investigate whether lacidipine elicited a protective role on cardiomyocyte against apoptosis induced by TNF-α. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were randomly assigned into different groups. TUNEL staining was utilized to detect apoptosis, and caspase-3 and caspse-12 were determined. To explore the underlying mechanism, Z-ATAD-FMK (a selective caspase-12 inhibitor) was used to identify the key molecule involved. TNF-α increased caspase-3 expression, which was mediated by increased caspase-12 expression. In the meantime, apoptosis was significantly induced by TNF-α. Lacidipine lowered caspase-12 and caspase-3 expression, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by TNF-α. The results suggest that lacidipine attenuates TNF-α -induced apoptosis via inhibition of caspase-12 and caspase-3 successively.

Pomegranate (punica granatum) belongs to the family Punicaceae, and its peel has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine because of its efficacy in restraining intestine, promoting hemostasis, and killing parasites. Pomegranate peel has been reported to possess wound-healing properties which are mainly attributed to its polyphenol extracts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pomegranate peel polyphenols (PPP) gel on cutaneous wound healing in diabetic rats.Alloxan-induced diabetic rats were given incisional wounds on each side of the mid-back and then treated daily with PPP gel (polyphenol mass fraction = 30%) post-wounding. Rats were sacrificed on days 4, 7, 14, and 21 post-wounding to assess the rates of wound closure, histological characteristics; and to detect the contents of hydroxyproline, production of nitric oxide (NO), and activities of NO synthase (NOS), as well as the expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in wound tissue.Wound closure was significantly shortened when PPP gel was applied to the wounds of diabetic rats. Histological examination showed the ability of PPP gel to increase fibroblast infiltration, collagen regeneration, vascularization, and epithelialization in the wound area of diabetic rats. In addition, PPP gel-treated diabetic rats showed increased contents of hydroxyproline, production of NO, and activities of NOS and increased expressions of TGF-β1, VEGF, and EGF in wound tissues.PPP gel may be a beneficial method for treating wound disorders associated with diabetes.

The present study was to test the hypothesis that anti-arrhythmic properties of verapamil may be accompanied by preserving connexin43 (Cx43) protein via calcium influx inhibition. In an in vivo study, myocardial ischemic arrhythmia was induced by occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery for 45 min in Sprague-Dawley rats. Verapamil, a calcium channel antagonist, was injected i.v. into a femoral vein prior to ischemia. Effects of verapamil on arrhythmias induced by Bay K8644 (a calcium channel agonist) were also determined. In an ex vivo study, the isolated heart underwent an initial 10 min of baseline normal perfusion and was subjected to high calcium perfusion in the absence or presence of verapamil. Cardiac arrhythmia was measured by electrocardiogram (ECG) and Cx43 protein was determined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Administration of verapamil prior to myocardial ischemia significantly reduced the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias and total arrhythmia scores, with the reductions in heat rate, mean arterial pressure and left ventricular systolic pressure. Verapamil also inhibited arrhythmias induced by Bay K8644 and high calcium perfusion. Effect of verapamil on ischemic arrhythmia scores was abolished by heptanol, a Cx43 protein uncoupler and Gap 26, a Cx43 channels inhibitor. Immunohistochemistry data showed that ischemia-induced redistribution and reduced immunostaining of Cx43 were prevented by verapamil. In addition, diminished expression of Cx43 protein determined by western blotting was observed following myocardial ischemia in vivo or following high calcium perfusion ex vivo and was preserved after verapamil administration. Our data suggest that verapamil may confer an anti-arrhythmic effect via calcium influx inhibition, inhibition of oxygen consumption and accompanied by preservation of Cx43 protein.

To observe the preventive function of cortex mori for peripheral nervous lesion at the early stage in diabetes rats, and probe into the mechanism of that formula.Set up the diabetes rat model evoked by alloxan. According to different blood sugar values, randomly divide the rats into normal group, model group, cortex mori(high dosage and low dosage) group and methylcobalamin control group, respectively administer the rats with saline and cortex mori of different dosages by ig (1.875 g/kg, 0.625 g/kg), while 300 microg/kg methylcobalamin for control group, one time each day. Two months after the administration, determine the FBG, body weight, SOD and MDA in blood serum of rats in each group, observe the changes on final product of glycosylation, CGMP and CAMP of sciatic nerve and the synapsin of rats' sciatic nerves. Conduct the pathological observation on area of myelin sheath, extramedullary fiber and the cross section of myelin sheath of sciatic nerves. And observe the changes of ultrafine form of sciatic nerve through transmission electron microscope. In the mean time, determine the MNCV, SNVC and SL, and the tail-flicking test should be undertaken for checking the sensory nerve.Cortex mori can effectively enlarge the area of myelin sheath, extramedullary fiber and the cross section of myelin sheath.Cortex mori can obviously ease up the pathological changes of peripheral nerve at the early stage of the diabetes rats, and the overall curative effect is better than that of methylcobalamin.

Photocatalysis is applied increasingly in addressing and solving environmental and energy-related problems. Especially the TiO₂-derived catalysts attract attention because of their catalytic efficiency, wide range of applications, ease in use, and low cost (it costs about 150 Yuan a kilogram in China). This review first describes the principles of photocatalytic destruction by semiconductors and then focuses on degradation rates and reaction mechanisms in a variety of photocatalytic uses of modified TiO(2). Finally, these concepts are illustrated by selected examples relating to the photocatalytic degradation of organic persistent pollutants, such as polychlorinated benzenes (PCBz), biphenyls (PCB) and dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). And some approaches towards industrial application are analyzed.

Talents are the most important resource of high-tech enterprises. Thus conducting an effective early-warning of the brain drain in high-tech enterprises, will effectively reduce the brain drain acts to reduce the loss of high-tech enterprises. This paper, using of high-tech enterprise day-to-day performance appraisal data, in accordance with the characteristics of Chinese high-tech enterprises, carry out combination Factor Analysis and SVM to establish an early warning method of the brain drain. First of all, standardize the original data, and then using of Factor Analysis to eliminate redundant data and extract feature vector, finally, through the experiment analysis of parameters and the adjustment of the impact of Kernel selection for support vector machine, and search for the optimal support vector machine model, through Matlab6.5 in the use of SVM evaluation the brain drain action of high-tech enterprises. Experimental results show that SVM suite to the actual of small samples of Chinese high-tech enterprises, the model can act effectively to identify the brain drain of high-tech enterprises, and has a good early-warning effect.

In the present study, we measured the antibody-catalyzed 03 formation from THP-1 monocytes activated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) by indigo carmine bleaching reaction test, and the accumulation of cholesterol in THP-1 monocytes by fluorescence spectrophotometric method, and analyzed the cholesterol ozonation product 5,6-secosterol by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), to explore the potential effect of antibody-catalyzed water oxidation on pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. It was showed that THP-1 monocytes incubated with human IgG and PMA evidently produced an oxidant with the chemical signature of 03 which could bleach indigo carmine, and be intensified or inhibited respectively by catalase and vinylbenzoic acid. In the THP-1 monocytes incubated with human IgG, PMA and LDL, the intracellular accumulated total cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol (FC), cholesteryl ester (CE) and the CE/TC increased evidently, and the cholesterol ozonation product 5,6-secosterol was also produced markly, all of that were inhibited by vinylbenzoic acid. These results demonstrated that the activated THP-1 monocytes possess the ability to produce O3 through antibody-catalyzed water-oxidation pathway, which could be a new mechanism concerned with atheriosclerosis.

The standard samples of reduction form glutathione (GSH) and oxidization form glutathione (GSSG) were scanned with full-wavelength range to determine the excitation wavelength lambda(ex) 334.4 nm, the emission wavelength lambda(em) 424 nm, and the spectral bandwidth 5 nm respectively. Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) of pH 8. 3 served as buffer solution. GSH was incubated for 30 min with 100 microL o-phthaldehyde (OPA) of 10 mmol x L(-1) methyl alcohol solution for derivatization, and then fluorescence intensities were measured. With standard glutathione concentration being independent variable and fluorescence intensity being dependent variable, the linear equations for GSH and GSSG were deduced: Y(GSH) = 6.9 + 8.6X (r2 = 0.994) and Y(GSSG) = 6.2 + 17.2X (r2 = 0.999). Standard curves were done hereby. The plasma glutathione of three groups was then measured, and GSH/ GSSG redox potential was calculated according to Nernst equation. The results indicated that, from normal control group to prophase coronary heart disease group, then to coronary heart disease group, the GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio gradually reduced, GSSG and GSH/GSSG redox potential gradually increased (more positive) (all P0.05), and the redox potential shifted to oxidization direction along with the development of coronary heart disease. This fluorospectrophotometry method showed simple operation, and fine precision and accuracy.

Recent studies have suggested that antibodies can catalyze the generation of unknown oxidants including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ozone (O3) from singlet oxygen (1O2) and water. This study is aimed to detect the effect of antibody-catalyzed water oxidation on atherosclerosis. Our results showed that both H2O2 and O3 were produced in human leukemia THP-1 monocytes incubated with human immunoglobulin G and phorbol myristate acetate. In the THP-1 monocytes incubated with human immunoglobulin G, phorbol myristate acetate and low density lipoprotein, the intracellular total cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester and lipid peroxides clearly increased, and a larger number of foam cells were observed by oil red O staining. The accumulation of all intracellular lipids was significantly inhibited by vinylbenzoic acid, and only slightly affected by catalase. These findings suggested that the production of O3, rather than H2O2, might be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis through the antibody-catalyzed water oxidation pathway.

To investigate the measurement of free glutathione of both reduced or oxidized (i.e. GSH and GSSG) in plasma, and to evaluate the redox state of GGSH/GSSG in human plasma, both GSH and GSSG in plasma were measured by fluorophotometry based on the facts that one molar GSSG can be reduced to two molar GSH by dithiothreitol(DTT) under the condition of the pH being about 6.0, and GSH can provide both primary amine and thiol groups to react with the two carbonyl groups of O-phthaldehyde (OPA) to form a fluorescent ternary isoindole complex at pH 8.0. This method can at least measure 16 picomole GSH and 8 picomole GSSG respectively in the tube. The variation coefficient (CV) for intra-ssay and intera-ssay is about 4. 6% and 3.9% for GSH and 3.5% and 4.1% for GSSG respectively. The recovery of GSH and GSSG added to the plasma is (99.77% +/- 5.70)% and (99.28% +/- 4.73)% respectively. The concentration of GSH and GSSG in the plasma of young healthy volunteer is (16.5 +/- 2.4) nmol x mL(-1) and (1.7 +/- 0.35)nmol x mL(-1) respectively, without significant difference between male and female. This measurement method is simple with great sensitivity and selectivity for rapid measuring GSH and GSSG in human plasma simultaneously.

To set up a method of establishing the animal model of psychical erectile dysfunction with emotional stress.All thirty-six male rats with normal sexual function were divided into three groups, i. e. normal group, model group and demasculinized group randomly according to their weights. The rats in the model group were suspended upside down in midair over the water and irritated repeatedly. Two weeks later, the sexual abilities of all rats, i. e. the times of mounting and intromitting the estrus female rats, the latent period of mounting, intromission and ejaculation, were recorded, and the number of rats that had sexual activities was also counted. And the hemorheology indices of the rats were measured.Compared with the normal rats, the latency of mounting [(152.5 +/- 24.6) s vs (42.4 +/- 9.6) s] and intromission [(437.0 +/- 67.7) s vs (130.8 +/- 39.1) s] of the model rats were longer (P0.01), but the latency of ejaculation [(385.3 +/- 80.0) s vs (547.3 +/- 69.4) s] was shorter (P0.05) than that of the normal. There was no significant difference in the times of mounting between normal [(38.3 +/- 6.1) vices and model rats (38.5 +/- 5.4) vices], but the intromission times of model rats [(9.2 +/- 1.7) vices] was lower than that of the normal rats [(20.3 +/- 3.1) vices], P0.01. Compared with the normal rats, the sexual activity incidence of the model rats (mounting: 58.3%, intromission: 33.3%, ejaculation: 16.7%) was significant lower than that of the normal rats (100%) (P0.01). But there was no significant difference in the sexual ability between the model and the demasculinized rats (P0.05). The hemorheology indices, e. g. blood viscosity, hematocrit (Hct) and red cell aggregation (RCA), of the model rats was significant higher than that of the normal and demasculinized rats (P0.05), but there was no significant difference between the normal and demasculinized rats.The rat model of psychical erectile dysfunction can be made ideally with psychical stress.

It has been showed that triptolide (T10) has antitumor activities. This study was to observe the inhibitory effects of T10 on proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), and to elucidate the antiangiogenic mechanism of T10.Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured in vitro for 3 generations, and treated with T10 (0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 microg/L), or dexamethasone (300 mg/L) as control. Cell count and 3H-TDR incorporation were used to observe cell proliferation. The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) test was carried out to observe the effect of T10 on angiogenesis. Immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect protein and mRNA levels of u-PA.T10 inhibited the proliferation of umbilical vein endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner; inhibitory rate of endothelial cells was 28.93% after treatment of 5 microg/L of T10. T10 significantly reduced angiogenesis in CAM, even at the concentration of 5 microg/L (P0.05). T10 decreased protein and mRNA levels of u-PA in endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner; the protein level of u-PA was reduced by 41.05% after treatment of 5 microg/L of T10.T10 could inhibit the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and expression of u-PA, which may contribute to its antiangiogenic activity.

To investigate the inhibitory effects of triptolide on the migration, gene and protein expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) of endothelial cells (ECs) cultured in vitro and to elucidate the anti-angiogenic mechanism of triptolide.Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in vitro and the passage 3 cells were treated with triptolide (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 microg/L). Three-dimensional culture system was used to assess the effect of triptolide on the migration of HUVECs. Real time quantitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical assay were applied to detect gene and protein expression of u-PA.Triptolide decreased the migration activity and suppressed the expression of u-PA of HUVECs at the gene and protein level.Triptolide could inhibit the migration of ECs by reducing the gene and protein expression of u-PA. These may contribute to an elucidation of the mechanism by which triptolide inhibits the angiogenesis.