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Great changes have been brought about by the coastal environment when the economy develops rapidly. Coastal environmental monitoring is the basis and technical guarantee for coastal environmental protection supervision and management. It is one of the important tasks to detect and timely discover coastal seawater anomalies. Usually, a single sensor cannot determine whether the coastal environment or ship operation is an anomaly. Recently, an unmanned surface vehicle for coastal environment monitoring was developed, and stacked autoencoders are used for seawater anomaly detection using multisensor data fusion methods. The multisensor data of pH, conductivity, and ammonia nitrogen are employed to judge the anomaly of seawater. The mean, standard deviation, mean square root, and normalized power spectrum features of multisensor data are extracted, and a stacked autoencoder is employed to fuse these features for anomaly detection. The proposed method is feasible and effective for anomaly detection of coastal water quality and ship operation. Compared with other commonly used methods, the proposed method has a higher recall, precision, and F1 score performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This retraction relates to this paper Qu C, Dai C, Guo Y, Qin R, Liu J. I Onco Targets Ther i . 2019;12:101-111. As verifying the validity of the published work is core to the integrity of the scholarly record, we are therefore retracting the article and the authors were notified of this. [Extracted from the article]

Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) and high-grade gliomas (HGGs) arising in the cerebellum is extremely low, making the differential diagnosis difficult or even impossible. The purpose of this study was to define the MR features of cerebellar PCNSL in immunocompetent patients, and to determine whether a combination of conventional MR and DW imaging can assist in the differentiation of PCNSLs and HGGs. Twelve PCNSLs and 15 HGGs confirmed by pathological analysis were retrospectively identified. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and conventional MRI parameters were compared for differences between PCNSL and HGG groups using the independent sample t test or chi-square test. Both ADCmin and ADCtotal values were lower in the PCNSL group than those in the HGG group (ADCmin: 0.53 × 10−3 vs. 0.83 × 10−3 mm2/sec, P < 0.001; ADCtotal: 0.66 × 10−3 vs. 0.98 × 10−3 mm2/sec, P = 0.001). As for conventional MR features, there were significant difference in the tumor size, enhancement patterns, the presence of cystic changes, edema degree and streak-like edema (all P < 0.01); but there were no significant difference in lesion type, the presence of bleeding, and involvement of brain surface between two groups (P = 0.554, 0.657 and 0.157, respectively). The results revealed that several conventional MR features, including enhancement patterns, branch-like enhancement and streak-like edema may be useful for the differentiation of PCNSL and HGG in cerebellum and, when combined with ADC values, further improve the discriminating ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore the characteristics of IDH and TERT promoter mutations in gliomas in Chinese patients. Methods: A total of 124 Chinese patients with gliomas were enrolled to study the frequencies of mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (TERTp). Among the 124 patients, 59 patients were enrolled to study the classification of gliomas based on mutations in IDH and TERTp. Results: Isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations are positively correlated with a good prognosis but mutations in TERTp cannot predict prognoses independently. The combined analysis of the mutations of IDH and TERTp can predict the prognosis more accurately. Patients with IDH and TERTp glioma mutations have the best prognosis, followed by only IDH mutation patients and only TERTp mutation patients, which have the worst prognosis. IDH and TERTp mutations occur frequently in males, younger patients or lower‐grade patients. In contrast, only TERTp mutations occur frequently in females, older patients or higher‐grade patients. Conclusions: Patients with IDH and TERTp glioma mutations have the best prognosis, and only IDH mutation patients and only TERTp mutation patients have the worst prognosis. Moreover, the molecular classification of gliomas by mutations of IDH and TERTp is not suitable for pediatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heterojunction of poly[(2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV)/SiO2 was prepared based on a layered optimization scheme. In three different voltage ranges, the emission spectra of the device changed. The red light was obtained at low applied voltages. With increasing the applied voltages, a blue light was observed. In the medium of the voltage range, one can see both of these two emissions. These two types of the emission resulted from the bombardment of the luminescent material of the MEH-PPV by the hot electron that accelerated in the layer SiO2, which was named solid state cathodoluminescence. In this paper we investigated the spectral properties, frequency response, and luminescence lifetime of blue light in solid state cathodoluminescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to investigate the functional role of long noncoding RNA SNHG15 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).Materials and methods: The expression of SNHG15 was measured in EOC cells and tissues using qRT-PCR. The correlation of SNHG15 expression and the clinicopathological characters was statistically analyzed. The prognosis of patients with different clinical features in the high/low SNHG15 expression groups were calculated. Moreover, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The effect of SNHG15 on the migration and invasion was evaluated using Transwell and Matrigel, respectively. The proliferation ability of EOC cells was tested using colony formation and MTT assay. The influence of SNHG15 on the cisplatin resistance was detected by measuring cell inhibition rate and cell viability. Results: SNHG15 was upegulated in EOC cells and tissues. High SNHG15 expression was correlated with EOC progression and predicted poor OS and PFS in different subgroups of EOC patients. Moreover, multivariate Cox regression analysis defined high SNHG15 expression as an independent risk factor for poor OS and PFS. Furthermore, functional assays showed that the overexpression of SNHG15 promoted migration and invasion, while the loss of SNHG15 suppressed migration and invasion. Furthermore, the proliferation of EOC cells was improved after the ectopic expression of SNHG15, which was suppressed with SNHG15 deficiency. In addition, cisplatin-resistant EOC cells were established for detecting the effect of SNHG15 on EOC chemoresistance. The results showed that cisplatin-resistant EOC cells exhibited much higher levels of SNHG15 expression than controls, and SNHG15 contributed to the chemoresistance of EOC cells. Conclusion: This study confirms that SNHG15 contributes to the migration, invasion, proliferation, and chemoresistance of EOC. SNHG15 may serve as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker of EOC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uniform Y 0.92- x PO 4 :0.08Ce, x Tb microparticles were fabricated by hydrothermal method, and their structural and luminous properties were characterized. SEM and TEM images confirmed the existence of clavate and prismatic microparticles, with a good lattice structure. XRD analysis showed a pure tetragonal phase of the samples. The growth mechanism and the function of sodium citrate (Na 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 ·2H 2 O, Na 3 Cit) on the morphology and size of Y 0.92- x PO 4 :0.08Ce, x Tb microparticles were discussed. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra indicated that the Ce 3+ /Tb 3+ co-doped YPO 4 exhibits a strong green illumination under the long-wave ultraviolet (UV) excitation. What’s More, the PL spectra, decay time and quantum efficiency with different doped concentration of Tb 3+ were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Metal sites play an essential role in both electrocatalytic and photocatalytic energy conversion. The highly ordered arrangements of the organic linkers and metal nodes as well as the well‐defined pore structures of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) make them ideal substrates to support atomically dispersed metal sites (ADMSs) located in their metal nodes, linkers, and pores. Porous carbon materials doped with ADMSs can be derived from these ADMS‐incorporating MOF precursors through controlled treatments. These ADMSs incorporated in pristine MOFs and MOF‐derived carbon materials possess unique advantages over molecular or bulk metal‐based catalysts and bridge the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts for energy‐conversion applications. This Review presents recent progress in the design and incorporation of ADMSs in MOFs and MOF‐derived materials for energy‐conversion applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Metallzentren spielen eine essenzielle Rolle in elektro‐ und photokatalytischen Energieumwandlungen. Metall‐organische Gerüstverbindungen (MOFs) bestehen aus einer hochgeordneten Anordnung von organischen Linkern und Metallknoten mit wohldefinierter Porenstruktur, was sie zu idealen Substraten für die Immobilisierung von lokalisierten, atomar dispergierten Metallzentren (atomically dispersed metal sites, ADMS) an Metallknoten, Linkern und Poren macht. Außerdem lassen sich aus diesen MOFs mit eingebauten ADMS durch kontrollierte Behandlungen poröse, ADMS‐dotierte Kohlenstoffmaterialien ableiten. Die in MOFs und in MOF‐abgeleitete Kohlenstoffmaterialien eingebauten ADMS weisen spezifische Vorzüge gegenüber molekularen oder Festkörperkatalysatoren auf und schlagen eine Brücke zwischen homogener und heterogener Katalyse für Energieumwandlungen. In diesem Aufsatz beleuchten wir jüngste Erfolge bei der Entwicklung und Einführung von ADMS in MOFs und MOF‐abgeleitete Materialien für Energieumwandlungen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A three‐dimensional (3 D) nitrogen‐doped graphene aerogel (NGA) with confined ultrasmall ruthenium nanoparticles (2–4 nm) was prepared through a hydrothermal reaction of graphene oxide (GO), ammonia solution, and ruthenium trichloride hydrate, followed by high‐temperature annealing and oxidation. The reactants self‐assemble into a 3 D porous structure with Ru nanoparticles embedded inside. With ultralow N and Ru contents of 2.40 and 1.21 at %, the introduction of Ru and N in the 3 D graphene aerogel gives rise to multifunctional catalytic performance in oxygen‐ and hydrogen‐involved reactions. Particularly, its performance in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) surpassed those of commercial Pt/C and RuO2 in terms of both smaller potential (1.62 V vs. RHE) to reach 10 mA cm−2 and larger current densities across the applied potential range of 1 to 2 V (vs. RHE). Structural and chemical characterization revealed that the nanoparticle size and Ru/RuO2 ratio played decisive roles in determining the aerogel's electrocatalytic performance. Hence, this study demonstrates that the synergistic effect of nanosized Ru and a porous NGA can be applied to achieve effective multifunctional electrocatalysis, for which the Ru nanoparticles can be tailored to achieve optimized performance with the lowest‐necessary doping concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The heterojunction of SiO2/MEH-PPV/SiO2 was prepared based on a layered optimization scheme. SiO2 was used as a electron acceleration layer, and MEH-PPV was taken as the luminescent material. Luminescence due to direct bombardment by accelerated electrons in a semiconductor thin film adjacent to the phosphor material layer was observed, which was called solid state cathodoluminescence (SSCL). In this paper we investigated the spectral properties and frequency response of SSCL. In three voltage ranges, the emission spectrum of the device changed. The red light was obtained when the voltage was low. In the higher voltage range, a blue light was observed. In the medium voltage range, the above two kinds of light coexist. The two types of emission resulted from the same electron bombardment of the MEH-PPV. The frequency response of blue emission was also studied. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In organic electroluminescence there is a sharp contradiction between the applicability of band model and molecular theory. This contradiction arose from the very beginning of extended study. In this report we studied the blue spectral shift in the newly discovered solid state cathodoluminescence when the applied voltage is increased. There are three different kinds of spectra in three intervals of applied voltage. The reason of this spectral shift is found to be the field ionization of exciton. The switching on of recombination starts only after the beginning of this field ionization. The exciton emission obeys molecular theory and the recombination obeys band model. Thus the demarcation is the appearance of field ionization of excitons. Since the ionization changes with electric field continuously, there is a region of coexistence of these two processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rational design of metal compounds in terms of the structure/morphology and chemical composition is essential to achieve desirable electrochemical performances for fast energy storage because of the synergistic effect between different elements and the structure effect. Here, an approach is presented to facilely fabricate mixed‐metal compounds including hydroxides, phosphides, sulfides, oxides, and selenides with well‐defined hollow nanocage structure using metal–organic framework nanocrystals as sacrificial precursors. Among the as‐synthesized samples, the porous nanocage structure, synergistic effect of mixed metals, and unique phosphide composition endow nickel cobalt bimetallic phosphide (NiCo‐P) nanocages with outstanding performance as a battery‐type Faradaic electrode material for fast energy storage, with ultrahigh specific capacity of 894 C g−1 at 1 A g−1 and excellent rate capability, surpassing most of the reported metal compounds. Control experiments and theoretical calculations based on density functional theory reveal that the synergistic effect between Ni and Co in NiCo‐P can greatly increase the OH− adsorption energy, while the hollow porous structure facilitates the fast mass/electron transport. The presented work not only provides a promising electrode material for fast energy storage, but also opens a new route toward structural and compositional design of electrode materials for energy storage and conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The uncertainty and intermittency of renewable energy sources pose a challenge to generation scheduling of microgrids. This paper presents a hierarchical framework to handle the uncertainty and realize an economic generation schedule of microgrids. The lower level combines a battery energy-storage system (BESS) with renewable energy sources, targeting maximal utilization of renewable power and minimal deviation from the schedule, to provide an optimal generation plan in the day-ahead market. The upper level minimizes the total cost of the microgrid by the genetic algorithm (GA) to yield an economic generation plan of dispatchable distributed generators (DGs) based on the lower level. Two stages of such hierarchical scheduling before and in the day gradually reduce the uncertainty, and lead the overall schedule to evolve toward a stable and economic one. The method is tested on a 14-bus microgrid system. The simulation indicates that the wind turbine and photovoltaic are gradually stabilized by BESS Besides, the operation is scheduled economically, and cheap DGs are always arranged in priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rational design of advanced structures consisting of multiple components with excellent electrochemical capacitive properties is one of the crucial hindrances to be overcome for high‐performance supercapacitors (SCs). Herein, a superfast and facile synthesis of flower‐like NiMn‐layered double hydroxides (NiMn‐LDH) with high SC performance using an electrodeposition process on nickel foam is proposed. Oxygen vacancies are then modulated via mild H2O2 treatment for the first time, significantly promoting the electrochemical energy storage performance. The oxygen‐vacancy abundant NiMn‐LDH (Ov‐LDH) reaches a maximum specific capacity of 1183 C g−1 at the current density of 1 A g−1 and retains a high capacity retention of 835 C g−1 even at a current density of up to 10 A g−1. Furthermore, the assembled asymmetric SC device achieves a high specific energy density of 46.7 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1.7 kW kg−1. Oxygen vacancies are proven to play a vital role in the improvement of electrochemistry performance of LDH based on experimental and theoretical studies. This vacancy engineering strategy provides a new insight into SC active materials and should be beneficial for the design of the next generation of energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyhedral copper nanoparticles are prepared by a hydrothermal method, followed by galvanic replacement with platinum precursor in ethylene glycol to prepare bimetallic Cu@Pt electrocatalysts. The as-prepared bimetallic Cu@Pt catalyst are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and inductive coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer. The electrochemical properties of the resulted Cu@Pt electrocatalysts with different compositions are investigated for methanol oxidation reaction and oxygen reduction reaction. The bimetallic Cu@Pt electrocatalysts with low platinum loading demonstrate high Pt utilization efficiency in fuel cell reactions. The methanol oxidation reaction mass activity for Cu@Pt-8 catalyst is 791 A g−1, 5.1 times higher than that of the commercial Pt/C. The highest oxygen reduction reaction mass activity is found for Cu@Pt-25 (93 A g−1 at 0.9 V versus relative hydrogen electrode), which represents 61% enhancement relative to that of a commercial Pt/C (54 A g−1). It is believed that the superior performance of the as-prepared bimetallic Cu@Pt catalyst is mostly attributed to the improved Pt utilization and facilitated mass transport originating from the porous structure. Polyhedral copper nanoparticles have been prepared by a hydrothermal method, followed by galvanic replacement with platinum precursor in ethylene glycol to prepare bimetallic Cu@Pt electrocatalysts. It is believed that the superior performance of the as-prepared bimetallic Cu@Pt catalyst is mostly attributed to the improved Pt utilization and facilitated mass transport originating from the porous structure. Image 1 • Polyhedral Cu nanoparticles are used as sacrificial seeds to produce Cu@Pt catalysts. • Cu@Pt with different Cu/Pt ratios showed superior performance for MOR or ORR. • DFT calculations were employed to find out BE energy difference of CuPt and Cu 3 Pt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Although graphene exhibits an appealing array of properties that are ideally suited to their use as catalyst supports for fuel cells, they suffer from a serious issue of graphitic restacking due to van-der-Waals force and π-π interaction, making much of the catalyst surface inaccessible to reaction. In this work, highly active and stable platinum nanoparticles supported on graphene with intercalated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are prepared by electrostatic self-assembly for fuel cell applications. CNTs, which functioned as spacers, are wedged between graphene sheets via electrostatic self-assembly resulting in interconnected 3-D sandwiched structure. The intercalated CNTs inhibit restacking and lead to increased Pt utilization efficiency through improved mass transport. An enhancement factor of 114% for Pt utilization efficiency and electrochemical surface area (ESA) is found for the optimized Pt/rGO-CNT relative to that of Pt/rGO. Compared with the state-of-the-art Pt/C, the hybrid catalyst show markedly enhanced stability, i.e., with an ESA retention of 62% after cycling the catalyst in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 from −0.2–1.0 V up to 2000 scans, whereas the ESA retention for commercial Pt/C is only 19%. These results indicate our unique approach is promising to employ graphene as Pt catalyst support aiming for high activity and stability. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Pt supported on graphene is separated by intercalated and self-assembled CNTs. • CNT spacers are wedged between graphene, resulting in 3-D sandwiched structure. • Pt efficiency and stability is enhanced relative to a commerical Pt/C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large carbon networks featuring hierarchical pores and atomically dispersed metal sites (ADMSs) are ideal materials for energy storage and conversion due to the spatially continuous conductive networks and highly active ADMSs. However, it is a challenge to synthesize such ADMS‐decorated carbon networks. Here, an innovative fusion‐foaming methodology is presented in which energetic metal–organic framework (EMOF) nanoparticles are puffed up to submillimeter‐scaled ADMS‐decorated carbon networks via a one‐step pyrolysis. Their extraordinary catalytic performance towards oxygen reduction reaction verifies the practicability of this synthetic approach. Moreover, this approach can be readily applicable to a wide range of unexplored EMOFs, expanding scopes for future materials design. Like puffed rice! Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) composed of high‐energy ligands (1H‐1,2,3‐triazole) and volatile zinc nodes decompose/evaporate upon pyrolysis. The carbon networks foam, while the pre‐imbedded Fe and Co ions are transformed into active atomically doped metal sites (ADMSs). These ADMS‐decorated carbon networks with hierarchical pores are highly active catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large carbon networks featuring hierarchical pores and atomically dispersed metal sites (ADMSs) are ideal materials for energy storage and conversion due to the spatially continuous conductive networks and highly active ADMSs. However, it is a challenge to synthesize such ADMS‐decorated carbon networks. Here, an innovative fusion‐foaming methodology is presented in which energetic metal–organic framework (EMOF) nanoparticles are puffed up to submillimeter‐scaled ADMS‐decorated carbon networks via a one‐step pyrolysis. Their extraordinary catalytic performance towards oxygen reduction reaction verifies the practicability of this synthetic approach. Moreover, this approach can be readily applicable to a wide range of unexplored EMOFs, expanding scopes for future materials design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Transition metal and heteroatom doping porous carbon exhibits a promising perspective as non-noble metal electrocatalyst. In this work, we develop a novel and scalable strategy to synthesize hierarchically porous nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers embedded with abundant Fe 3 C nanoparticles from continuous electrospun of iron-based metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous precursors. The as-prepared Fe 3 C/NCNFs (NCNFs for nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers) exhibit high graphitization degree, high specific surface area, hierarchically meso-microporous structures and well-dispersion of carbon-shielded ultrafine Fe 3 C nanoparticles. The Fe 3 C/NCNFs exhibit superior electrocatalytic performance towards oxygen reduction reaction with an onset potential of 1.012 V and a half-wave potential of 0.873 V in alkaline media, exceeding the benchmark commercial Pt/C catalyst by ca. 13 and 46 mV, respectively. Moreover, the onset and half-wave potentials of Fe 3 C/NCNF are 0.832 and 0.664 V in acid media, respectively, which are also comparable to commercial Pt/C catalyst. The dramatically improved electrocatalytic performance is attributed to the continuous one-dimensional (1D) structure of Fe 3 C/NCNFs enhancing electro-conductivity compared with simple MOF-derived carbon. Our study demonstrates the Fe 3 C/NCNF nanofibers a promising candidate for efficient, robust electrocatalyst for economic platinum-free fuel cells. Graphical abstract A novel metal organic frameworks-based carbon nanofiber is prepared by pyrolyzed electrospun nanofibers. One-dimension structure, abundant Fe 3 C nanoparticles and hierarchical pore structure of carbon nanofibers facilitates the electron transfer and enlarges the electrode-electrolyte interfaces. This carbon nanofibers exhibits superb electrocatalyst performance for oxygen reduction reaction, outperforming benchmark Pt/C catalysts in alkaline media. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of high-performance supercapacitors (SCs) often faces some contradictory and competing requirements such as excellent rate capability, long cycling life, and high energy density. One effective strategy is to explore electrode materials of high capacitance, electrode architectures of fast charge and mass transfer, and electrolytes of wide voltage window. Here we report a facile and readily scalable strategy to produce high-performance N-doped graphene with a high specific capacitance (∼390 F g −1 ). A symmetric SC device with a wide voltage window of 3.5 V is also successfully fabricated based on the N-doped graphene electrode. More importantly, the as-assembled symmetric SC delivers a high energy density of 55 Wh kg −1  at a power density of 1800 W kg −1 while maintaining superior cycling life (retaining 96.6% of the initial capacitance after 20,000 cycles). Even at a power density as high as 8800 W kg −1 , it still retains an energy density of 29 Wh kg −1 , higher than those of previously reported graphene-based symmetric SCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A composite electrolyte membrane composed of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and CsH 2 PO 4 has been prepared via a facile and cost-effective method for solid acid fuel cells. The effect of PVB content on conductivity, mechanical integrity, and fuel cell performance is investigated. A minimum amount of 3 wt% PVB in the CsH 2 PO 4 -based composite electrolyte not only offers the required mechanical integrity but also allows high conductivity (∼28 mS cm −1 at 260 °C). Single cells based on the composite electrolytes demonstrate a peak power density of 108 mW cm −2 at 260 °C. Almost no degradation in electrochemical performance could be observed during the stability test for 10 h and three thermal-cycling test in H 2 /O 2 fuel cell, indicating the promising application of the composite electrolyte in solid acid fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) with ultra-low Pt loadings and high Pt exposure in the cathode layer is prepared by spraying Ir/C catalyst ink on the membrane surface to form a substrate layer, followed by in situ pulse electrochemical deposition of a Pt shell layer on the Ir core nanoparticles in the substrate layer. It makes the Pt loadings on cathode lower to 0.044 mg/cm 2 . In our system, the MEA with our novel cathode exhibits excellent performance in a H 2 /air single fuel cell, which is comparable to that of the MEA prepared with commercial Pt/C catalyst (Johnson Matthey 40% Pt) with Pt loadings of 0.1 mg/cm 2 . The electrode with core–shell structured catalysts is characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, EDS line-scan, and scanning transmission electron microscopy. Based on the characterization results, it is found that the Pt is highly dispersed on the Ir NPs, and the electronic feature of Pt at shell layer can be tuned by the Ir core particle. Furthermore, the DFT calculation results also reveal the interaction between Pt at shell layer and Ir core. This work may provide a novel pathway to realize low Pt and high Pt utilization in low temperature fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combined system of wind farm (WF) and battery energy storage system (BESS) has been proven to be an effective way to cope with the inherent intermittency and unpredictability of wind power. However, the BESS may suffer from frequently cycling in the process, which adversely affects its lifespan. This paper develops a systematical procedure to schedule and operate the combined system considering the cycling limits of BESS. The scheduling helps the producer make decision with maximal expected profits under uncertainty in power market, while the real-time operation strategy assists the producer to follow the generation schedule without violating the cycling constraints of BESS. The charge/discharge cycling limits of BESS are considered in the whole process, and a control strategy applied to BESS is presented to reduce the number of charge/discharge cycles. An example case is carried out, and the simulation demonstrates the actual power generation follows the schedule accurately, and the proposed control strategy reduces the charge/discharge cycles of BESS as expected. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IQGAP1 is a scaffolding protein that can regulate several distinct signaling pathways. The accumulating evidence has demonstrated that IQGAP1 plays an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. However, the function of IQGAP1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been thoroughly investigated. In the present study, we showed that IQGAP1 was overexpressed in ESCC tumor tissues, and its overexpression was correlated with the invasion depth of ESCC. Importantly, by using RNA interference (RNAi) technology we successfully silenced IQGAP1 gene in two ESCC cell lines, EC9706 and KYSE150, and for the first time found that suppressing IQGAP1 expression not only obviously reduced the tumor cell growth, migration and invasion in vitro but also markedly inhibited the tumor growth, invasion, lymph node and lung metastasis in xenograft mice. Furthermore, Knockdown of IQGAP1 expression in ESCC cell lines led to a reversion of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) progress. These results suggest that IQGAP1 plays crucial roles in regulating ESCC occurrence and progression. IQGAP1 silencing may therefore develop into a promising novel anticancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The risk management and decision making for power systems have been evolving from the qualitative methods to the quantitative methods. The traditional decision-making model based on the system average risk and the average cost has commensurated events of low-probability/high-damage and events of high-probability/low-damage, which ignores the relative importance of these events as they are viewed by the decision makers. In this paper, we propose the concepts of conditional risk indices and conditional costs of power systems, and establish a novel risk decision-making model based on these indices. The conditional indices will be helpful for the risk decision makers to thoroughly tradeoff between different risk domains according to their preferences. Further, the system risk is monetarily represented as the reliability cost by the customer composite damage function, and the decision-making model is solved by sequential Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, the modified IEEE-RTS incorporating wind energy is investigated by the proposed model and method. The effects of decision preferences, the wind power capacity and cost on the system decision making are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: The N-doped β-Ga2O3 films were grown on Si and quartz substrates by RF magnetron sputtering in different ammonia partial pressure ratios (from 0% to 30%). The influence of ammonia partial pressure ratios and annealing treatment on the optical and structural properties were studied. The microstructure, optical transmittance, optical absorption and optical energy gap of the N-doped β-Ga2O3 films are significantly changed with the increasing of ammonia partial pressure. The green, blue and ultraviolet emission bands are observed and discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The intrinsic and Cu-doped β-Ga2O3 films were grown on Si and quartz substrates by RF magnetron sputtering in an argon and oxygen mixture ambient. The effects of the Cu doping and the post thermal annealing on the optical and structural properties of the β-Ga2O3 films were studied. The surface morphology, microstructure, optical transmittance, optical absorption, optical energy gap and photoluminescence of the β-Ga2O3 films were significantly changed after Cu-doping. After post thermal annealing, Polycrystalline β-Ga2O3 films were obtained, the transmittance decreased. After Cu-doping, the grain size decreased, the crystal quality deteriorated and the optical band gap shrunk. The UV, blue and green emission bands were observed and discussed. The UV and blue emission were enhanced and a new blue emission peak centred at 475nm appeared by Cu-doping. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Blue light emission of ZnSe thin film from the ZnSe/poly-(N-vinyl-carbazole) (PVK) heterostructures was obtained. The threshold voltage is about 10 V and the brightness of 12 cd/m2 was obtained at 17 V. From the electroluminescence (EL), the photoluminescence (PL), the transient electroluminescence and the dependence of EL intensity on the applied voltage and current, we attribute the EL of ZnSe to carrier injection and recombination. This new phenomenon not only opens a new mechanism of II–IV compounds in low voltage injection EL but also provides a new way of obtaining blue emission. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Three types of supercapacitor's electrode materials are introduced. • Hybrid supercapacitors are constructed with capacitive and battery-like electrode. • Recent progress of MOF-based materials for hybrid supercapacitors were summarized. • Challenges and future directions of MOF-based materials for HSCs are provided. Constructed with both capacitive and battery-like electrodes, hybrid supercapacitor devices have been adopted as promising energy storage devices for their favorable power and energy densities. Design and fabrication of capacitive and battery-like electrode materials endowed with high specific capacitances/capacities, high rate performance and desirable durability are crucial to improve the overall energy storage performances of hybrid supercapacitors. As emerging porous crystalline materials, metal-organic frameworks with favorable porous properties, tunable chemical compositions and adjustable structures/morphologies can lead to desirable energy storage performances of hybrid supercapacitors. In this review, started from the classification of supercapacitors and electrode materials, the recent advances of pristine metal-organic frameworks, metal-organic framework composites and metal-organic frameworks derived materials applied for hybrid supercapacitor were elaborated. Furthermore, based on previous contributions, challenges and perspectives of metal-organic framework-based materials for hybrid supercapacitor application were summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An energetic metal–organic framework (EMOF) with pre‐imbedded transition‐metal ions serves as a precursor for the fabrication of large carbon networks with hierarchical pores and atomically dispersed metal sites (ADMSs). In their Communication on page 1975 ff., Q. Xu, R. Zou, and co‐workers describe the high‐temperature carbonization of this material: the zinc‐based triazole‐rich nanoparticles puff up to form sub‐millimeter‐scale carbon networks, while the pre‐imbedded transition‐metal ions are transformed into active ADMSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ein energetisches Metall‐organisches Gerüst mit eingelagerten Übergangsmetallionen ist die Vorstufe für ausgedehnte Kohlenstoffgerüste mit hierarchischen Poren und dispergierten Metallatomen. In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 1997 beschreiben Q. Xu, R. Zou et al. die Verkokung dieses Materials bei hohen Temperaturen: Die zinkbasierten triazolreichen Nanopartikel plustern sich zu submillimetergroßen Kohlenstoffgerüsten auf, die aktive vereinzelte Übergangsmetallatome enthalten. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]