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1. Testing and analysis of the plastic scintillator units for LHAASO-ED

Author

C. Hou, Yaping Wang, Xiangdong Sheng, Hongkui Lv, S. H. Feng, Jing Zhao, Jia Liu, Xiaopeng Zhang, and Quanbu Gou

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, business.industry, Detector, Cosmic ray, Scintillator, Air shower, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Observatory, Calibration, Environmental science, Batch test, business
Abstract

A total of 5195 electromagnetic particle detectors (EDs) are used in the 1-square-kilometer extensive air shower array (KM2A), which is a subarray of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). As the detection sensitive medium of the EDs, more than 20,000 plastic scintillator units (BC-408), produced by Saint-Gobain, are used in LHAASO. It is important to monitor the light output of the scintillator units among the units. To improve the efficiency, a sampling inspection scheme (misjudgment rate of less than 5%) was designed, and a batch test system was developed. Ten units of scintillator units can be measured at a time. The test system selects the single muon events of cosmic rays to measure the light output values of the plastic scintillator units. The measurement has an uncertainty of less than 2%. By pretest calibration, the difference between different channels can be eliminated. The calibration was implemented approximately every 3 months, and the test system had been running stably for 28 months. By measuring the ratio of the signals of selected far and near probe events, the changes in the quality of different batches of plastic scintillator units can be demonstrated. The test system realized accurate measurement of the light output, and all batches satisfied the requirements of the experiment.

Published
2021

2. Observation of Horizontal Air Showers with LHAASO-KM2A

Author

Sujie Lin, Zihan Yang, Mingming Kang, Lingyi Fu, Chenyang Gong, DiSciascio Giuseppe, Zhuo Li, Lili Yang, Hongkui Lv, Zhiheng Wang, Antonino Marciano, Xuwei Ou, Xiaochuan Chang, Xuewen Liu, Jiaming Li, Jie Dou, Lin Liu, C. Hou, Shiyu Yin, Qunfeng Jiang, Jinsheng Gou, Jiangtao Liu, Silvia Miozzi, Zhibo Yu, Qianxun Zuo, Yukun Xue, Yaping Wang, Chengyu Shao, Qinyuan Zhang, Yuanqing Wang, Quanbu Gou, Xishui Tian, and Andrea Addazi

Subjects
Physics, Air shower, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Observatory, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Effects of high altitude on humans, Neutrino, Zenith, Muon detector
Abstract

LHAASO-KM2A is a sub-array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) with an area of kilometer squared scale, consisting of 5195 electromagnetic detectors and 1171 muon detectors. Horizontal Air Showers (HAS) are a fundamental tool to detect penetrating particles like neutrinos and to study hadronic interactions. HAS detected at the ground are mainly constituted by secondary muons. In this contribution first observations of HAS with half array of LHAASO-KM2A are reported. We show that the zenith angle distribution of extensive air showers (EAS) and the transition from electromagnetic-dominated showers to muon-dominated ones above a zenith angle of 60 degree.

Published
2021

3. Performance of a wide field-of-view atmospheric Cherenkov telescope prototype based on a refractive lens

Author

Quanbu Gou, Cheng Liu, Hai-Jin Li, Mao-Yuan Liu, Zhen Wang, Yi Zhang, Youliang Feng, Hongbo Hu, H. Cai, Tianlu Chen, G. G. Xin, Qun Wang, Danzengluobu, Yi-Qing Guo, Q. Gao, Ying Shi, and Hui Cai

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Gravitational wave, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Air shower, Observatory, law, 0103 physical sciences, Angular resolution, business, Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

A wide field-of-view (FoV) is one of the most important goals for future ground-based γ -ray astronomy, and it is especially crucial for detailed studies of temporal and spectral characteristics of solitary events, such as γ -ray bursts (GRBs), highly variable sources like blazars, or potential very high energy (VHE) electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational waves (GWs). Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope (ACT) based on refractive optics and operated at a very high altitude observatory may be an appropriate solution. In the present study, we report the characteristics and performance of a large FoV ACT prototype based on a refractive convex water lens. A reconstruction method for estimating the arrival direction of the air shower was developed by combining the water-lens telescope and the Extensive Air Shower (EAS) array. The Cherenkov images of the air showers were obtained by a water-lens prototype with 48 pixels, an FoV of 15 ° × 13 ° , and a median angular resolution of ∼ 0 . 9 ° .

Published
2019

4. Performance of a scintillation detector array operated with LHAASO-KM2A electronics

Author

Mao-Yuan Liu, C. Hou, Yi-Qing Guo, Tianlu Chen, Hui Cai, Y. Y. Guo, B. Q. Qiao, S. R. Zhang, Xiangdong Sheng, Xue-Yao Zhang, Hongbo Hu, Jia Liu, Quanbu Gou, Cheng Liu, Xiang-Li Qian, Yi Zhang, Zhen Wang, Danzengluobu, Zhen Tian, Youliang Feng, Qun Wang, Q. Gao, Liang Xue, Yuhua Yao, Jinfan Chang, Hai-Jin Li, and Labaciren

Subjects
Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Air shower, Space and Planetary Science, Observatory, law, 0103 physical sciences, business, Cosmic-ray observatory, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

A scintillation detector array composed of 115 detectors and covering an area of about 20000 m2 was installed at the end of 2016 at the Yangbajing international cosmic ray observatory and has been taking data since then. The array is equipped with electronics from Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory Square Kilometer Complex Array (LHAASO-KM2A) and, in turn, currently serves as the largest debugging and testing platform for the LHAASO-KM2A. Furthermore, the array was used to study the performance of a wide field-of-view air Cherenkov telescope by providing accurate information on the shower core, direction and energy, etc. This work is mainly dealing with the scintillation detector array. The experimental setup and the offline calibration are described in detail. Then, a thorough comparison between the data and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations is presented and a good agreement is obtained. With the even-odd method, the resolutions of the shower direction and core are measured. Finally, successful observations of the expected Moon’s and Sun’s shadows of cosmic rays (CRs) verify the measured angular resolution.

Published
2018

5. Characterization of the photomultiplier tubes for the scintillation detectors of GRANDProto35 experiment

Author

Yanhong Yu, Xiang-Li Qian, Yi Zhang, Xu Wang, Quanbu Gou, Cunfeng Feng, Wei Liu, Youliang Feng, Olivier Martineau-Huynh, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Photomultiplier, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, energy resolution, Scintillation detector array, FOS: Physical sciences, Scintillator, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, TTS, High Energy Physics - Experiment, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, Linearity, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], time resolution, Instrumentation, scintillation counter, photoelectron: yield, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Scintillation, photomultiplier, showers: atmosphere, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Dynamic range, Voltage divider, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, PMT, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), calibration, Air shower, Temperature dependence, efficiency, business, performance, Energy (signal processing), GRAND
Abstract

GRANDProto35 is the first stage of the GRAND project. It will be composed of an array of 35 radio antennas and 24 scintillation detectors in which the radio and scintillating subarrays will be triggered independently. The scintillation detector array allows to cross-check the radio array, thus quantitatively determine its detection efficiency. The photomultiplier of Hamamatsu R7725 is a candidate for the scintillation detector. The characteristics of the PMT will directly affect the resolution of the time and energy measurements and the dynamic detection range of a scintillation detector. A voltage divider circuit featured with dual-readout was designed for the PMT to cover a larger linear dynamic range (LDR). Some characteristics of the PMT were calibrated and investigated: the absolute gain, single photoelectron (SPE) energy resolution, transit time spread (TTS), linear dynamic range, and temperature dependence of the PMT gain. In this paper, details about the system setup, measurement methods, and results will be described.

Published
2021

6. Study on the Isotopic Distribution in Heavy Ion Reactions at Intermediate Energies

Author

Wenqing, Shen, primary, Deqing, Fang, additional, Jun, Feng, additional, Xiangzhou, Cai, additional, Jiansong, Wang, additional, Qianmin, Su, additional, Yugang, Ma, additional, Yongtai, Zhu, additional, Songlin, Li, additional, Heyu, Wu, additional, Quanbu, Gou, additional, Genming, Jin, additional, Wenlong, Zhan, additional, Zhongyan, Guo, additional, and Guoqing, Xiao, additional

Published
2000
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7. Introduction to the High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) Facility onboard China’s Future Space Station

Author

Shuang-Nan Zhang, Oscar Adriani, Herd Consortium, Sebastiano Albergo, Giovanni Ambrosi, Qi An, Philipp Azzarello, Yonglin Bai, Tianwei Bao, Paolo Bernardini, Bruna Bertucci, Xiaojun Bi, Massimo Bongi, Sergio Bottai, Weiwei Cao, Zhen Cao, Junying Chai, Jin Chang, Guoming Chen, Y Chen, Zhen Chen, X.H. Cui, Z.G. Dai, Raffaello D’Alessandro, Margherita Di Santo, Yongwei Dong, Matteo Duranti, Yizhong Fan, Kun Fang, C.Q. Feng, Hua Feng, Valerio Formato, Piergiorgio Fusco, Jiarui Gao, Fabio Gargano, Nicola Giglietto, Quanbu GOU, Yi Qing Guo, Huihai He, hongbo HU, Peng Hu, G.S. Huang, Jing Huang, Y.F. Huang, H. Li, Ran Li, Yong Li, Z. Li, E.W. Liang, Sujie Lin, H. Liu, Hongbang Liu, J.B. Liu, S.B. Liu, S.M. Liu, Xin Liu, Francesco Loparco, Junguang Lyu, Giovanni Marsella, Mario Nicola Mazziottai, Ivan De Mitri, Nicola Mori, Paolo Papini, Mark Pearce, Wenxi Peng, Martin Pohl, Zheng Quan, Felix Ryde, Dalian Shi, Meng Su, X.L. Sun, Xin Sun, Antonio Surdo, Z.C. Tang, Elena Vannuccini, Roland Walter, Bingbing Wang, Bo Wang, J.C. Wang, J.M. Wang, Junjing Wang, Le Wang, Ruijie Wang, X.L Wang, Xiangyu Wang, Zhigang Wang, D.M. Wei, Bobing Wu, J. Wu, Qiong Wu, Xin Wu, X.F. Wu, Ming Xu, Z.Z. Xu, H.R. Yan, P.F. Yin, Y.W Yu, Qiang Yuan, M. Zha, L. Zhang, Li Zhang, Yi Zhang, Y.L. Zhang, and Z.G. Zhao

Subjects
Computer Science::Robotics, High energy, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Environmental science, Cosmic ray, Aerospace engineering, Space astronomy, business, Space (mathematics), China
Abstract

The High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) facility is one of several space astronomy payloads onboard China's Space Station, which is planned for operation starting around 2025 for about 10 ...

Published
2017

8. Study on a wide field-of-view Cherenkov telescope with large dimensional refractive lens for high energy Cosmic Rays detection

Author

Quanbu Gou, Hu Hong-Bo, Youliang Feng, Qun Wang, luobu Danzeng, Cheng Liu, Q. Gao, Tianlu Chen, Zhen Wang, Maoyuan Liu, Yi Zhang, Hui Cai, Ying Shi, and Yi-Qing Guo

Subjects
Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Gamma-ray astronomy, Scintillator, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, Observatory, Refracting telescope, Angular resolution, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, business, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

We are developing a wide field-of-view Cherenkov telescope with large dimensional refractive lens for sub-100 GeV to TeV gamma ray astronomy. A prototype of the refractive telescope with a camera composing of 48 PMTs and the front-end electronics is designed, assembled, and tested to demonstrate the feasibility of the concept. In this work, we report some preliminary results on the detection of high energy Cosmic Rays (CRs) using the prototype telescope which was operated in coincidence with a scintillator detector array at the Yangbajing Observatory in Tibet.The prototype telescope can achieve a $15^{\circ} \times 11^{\circ}$ FoV and a ${\sim}0.8^{\circ}$ angular resolution which is suitable to take certain Cherenkov images for air showers.

Published
2017

9. The GRANDproto35 experiment

Author

Sijbrand J. de Jong, Jacques David, Kumiko Kotera, Olivier Martineau-Huynh, Didier Charrier, David J. Martin, Sandra Le Coz, Krijn de Vries, Valentin Niess, Washington Rodrigues de Carvalho, Junhua Gu, Yi Zhang, Xiang-Ping Wu, Quanbu Gou, Matias Tueros, Mauricio Bustamante, Ke Fang, Rene Habraken, hongbo Hu, C. Medina, Zhen Wang, Jianli Zhang, Charles Timmermans, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
air, costs, Scintillator, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, off-line, neutrino, 0103 physical sciences, site, cosmic radiation: UHE, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, scintillation counter, Physics, polarization, energy: high, COSMIC cancer database, showers: atmosphere, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, background, Antenna aperture, Detector, Electrical engineering, radio wave: detector, Polarization (waves), flux, Neutrino detector, Duty cycle, efficiency, Neutrino, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience; The very low flux of ultra-high-energy cosmic-rays (UHECRs) requires detectors with a large effective area and high duty cycle to obtain a statistically relevant sample. Radio detection of extensive air showers (EAS) presents attractive aspects for future giant detectors of high energy cosmic particles, with very low cost per detection unit, easiness of deployment over large areas, and a duty cycle close to 100%. However autonomous detection of EAS -a necessary step towards the realization of this type of ambitious detectors- remains a challenge.GRANDproto35 aims at demonstrating that radio-detection of air showers can be performed with very good background rejection, high efficiency, and an almost 100% duty cycle. The 35 GRANDproto antennas will perform a full measurement of the detected wave polarization. This makes GRANDproto35 uniquely qualified for the investigation of polarization characteristics of the radio emission from EAS, which may contribute to discriminate them from background signals. In addition, an array of 24 scintillators will allow offline cross-checks of the nature of the selected radio-candidates. We detail here the principle, progress and prospects of GRANDproto35, which serves as a step towards the Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) project. GRAND will consist of an array of ∼ 10^5 radio antennas deployed over ∼ 200, 000 km^2 in mountainous sites.

Published
2017

10. Detection of Extensive Air Showers with the self-triggered TREND radio array

Author

Quanbu Gou, Xiang-Ping Wu, Valentin Niess, hongbo Hu, C. Medina, Jianli Zhang, Didier Charrier, Yi Zhang, Matias Tueros, Junhua Gu, Olivier Martineau-Huynh, Sandra Le Coz, Krijn DeVries, Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique)

Subjects
air, data acquisition, interferometer, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, Antenna array, Background noise, off-line, neutrino, Data acquisition, 0103 physical sciences, site, 010306 general physics, Remote sensing, Physics, showers: atmosphere, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, background: noise, trigger, radio wave: detector, Interferometry, Air shower, Neutrino detector, efficiency, cosmic radiation, Antenna (radio), [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience; We demonstrate here the ability of TREND, a self-triggered antenna array, to autonomously detect and identify air showers induced by cosmic rays, from their radio emission, measured in the 50-100 MHz frequency range. TREND (Tianshan Radio Experiment for Neutrino Detection) is an array of 50 single polarised antennas, deployed over a total area of 1.5 km$^2$ on the site of the 21 cmA radio interferometer in the radio-quiet Tianshan mountains (China), that was running between 2011 and 2013. The TREND DAQ system was designed to allow for a trigger rate of up to 200 Hz per antenna, based on a very basic signal-over-threshold trigger condition. The reconstruction and discrimination of air showers from the ultra-dominant background noise is then performed through an offline treatment.We present here, for the first time, a detailed search for extensive air showers with the TREND data. We first explain the background-rejection algorithm which allowed to select about 500 air shower radio candidates from the $\sim7.10^8$ radio pulses recorded with the TREND array. We then show that the distribution of the directions of arrivals of these $\sim$500 candidates is compatible with what is expected for air showers. We finaly compute the TREND air shower detection efficiency, thanks to an end-to-end simulation chain which will be detailed here. Given the fairly basic TREND data acquisition chain, these results can be considered extremely encouraging in the perspective of future experiments using radio as a way to detect air showers, such as the Giant Radio Array for Neutrinos Detection.

Published
2017

11. The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection

Author

Olivier Martineau-Huynh, Kumiko Kotera, Mauricio Bustamente, Didier Charrier, Sijbrand De Jong, Krijn D. de Vries, Ke Fang, Zhaoyang Feng, Chad Finley, Quanbu Gou, Junhua Gu, Jordan C. Hanson, Hongbo Hu, Kohta Murase, Valentin Niess, Foteini Oikonomou, Nicolas Renault-Tinacci, Julia Schmid, Charles Timmermans, Zhen Wang, Xiangping Wu, Jianli Zhang, Yi Zhang, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GRAND, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physics, and Elementary Particle Physics

Subjects
electron, showers: energy, lepton, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, costs, Field of view, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, charged current, Observatory, site, tau, atmosphere: transparency, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, radio wave, COSMIC cancer database, background: electromagnetic, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma ray, radio wave: detector, neutrino: UHE, Earth surface, observatory, neutrino: detector, Neutrino detector, trajectory, neutrino: flavor, slope, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Particle physics, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], radiation: electromagnetic, air, QC1-999, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, muon: decay, target, 0103 physical sciences, surface, Sensitivity (control systems), High Energy Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], cosmic radiation: UHE, 010306 general physics, showers: atmosphere, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, decay: length, Astronomy, sensitivity, coherence, 13. Climate action, Experimental High Energy Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, tau: decay, Neutrino astronomy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Lepton
Abstract

High-energy neutrino astronomy will probe the working of the most violent phenomena in the Universe. The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) project consists of an array of $\sim10^5$ radio antennas deployed over $\sim$200000km$^2$ in a mountainous site. It aims at detecting high-energy neutrinos via the measurement of air showers induced by the decay in the atmosphere of $\tau$ leptons produced by the interaction of the cosmic neutrinos under the Earth surface. Our objective with GRAND is to reach a neutrino sensitivity of $3\times10^{-11}E^{-2}$GeV$^{-1}$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$sr$^{-1}$ above $3 \times10^{16}$eV. This sensitivity ensures the detection of cosmogenic neutrinos in the most pessimistic source models, and about 100 events per year are expected for the standard models. GRAND would also probe the neutrino signals produced at the potential sources of UHECRs. We show how our preliminary design should enable us to reach our sensitivity goals, and present the experimental characteristics. We assess the possibility to adapt GRAND to other astrophysical radio measurements. We discuss in this token the technological options for the detector and the steps to be taken to achieve the GRAND project., Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, 34th ICRC conference

Published
2017

13. The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection

Author

Chad Finley, Hongbo Hu, Kumiko Kotera, Zhaoyang Feng, Washington Rodrigues de Carvalho, Mauricio Bustamante, Kohta Murase, Olivier Martineau-Huynh, Krijn D. de Vries, Charles Timmermans, C. Medina, Didier Charrier, Sandra Le Coz, Yi Zhang, Valentin Niess, Sijbrand J. de Jong, Zhen Wang, Xiang-Ping Wu, Quanbu Gou, Ke Fang, Junhua Gu, Foteini Oikonomou, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GRAND, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies ( LPNHE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées ( SUBATECH ), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire ( IMT Atlantique ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont ( LPC ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique)

Subjects
air, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], QC1-999, FOS: Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, decay, Atmosphere, 0103 physical sciences, site, surface, High Energy Physics, tau, cosmic radiation: UHE, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, neutrino: interaction, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, astro-ph.HE, energy: high, COSMIC cancer database, showers: atmosphere, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, sensitivity, Earth surface, Neutrino detector, Experimental High Energy Physics, Neutrino, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], astro-ph.IM
Abstract

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) is a planned array of ~200 000 radio antennas deployed over ~200 000 km2 in a mountainous site. It aims primarly at detecting high-energy neutrinos via the observation of extensive air showers induced by the decay in the atmosphere of taus produced by the interaction of cosmic neutrinos under the Earth surface. GRAND aims at reaching a neutrino sensitivity of 5.10$^{11}$ E$^{-2}$ GeV$^{-1}$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$sr$^{-1}$ above 3.10$^{16}$ eV. This ensures the detection of cosmogenic neutrinos in the most pessimistic source models, and ~50 events per year are expected for the standard models. The instrument will also detect UHECRs and possibly FRBs. Here we show how our preliminary design should enable us to reach our sensitivity goals, and discuss the steps to be taken to achieve GRAND., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, proceedings of the ARENA2016 conference

Published
2016

14. The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection.

Author

Martineau-Huynh, Olivier, Bustamante, Mauricio, Carvalho, Washington, Charrier, Didier, De Jong, Sijbrand, de Vries, Krijn D., Ke Fang, Zhaoyang Feng, Finley, Chad, Quanbu Gou, Junhua Gu, Hongbo Hu, Kumiko Kotera, Le Coz, Sandra, Medina, Clementina, Murase, Kohta, Niess, Valentin, Oikonomou, Foteini, Timmermans, Charles, and Zhen Wang

Subjects
RADIO frequency, NEUTRINO detectors, ATMOSPHERIC pressure, PESSIMISM, SURFACE of the earth
Abstract

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) is a planned array of ~ 2.105 radio antennas deployed over ~ 200 000 km2 in a mountainous site. It aims primarly at detecting high-energy neutrinos via the observation of extensive air showers induced by the decay in the atmosphere of taus produced by the interaction of cosmic neutrinos under the Earth surface. GRAND aims at reaching a neutrino sensitivity of 5.10-11E-2 GeV-1 cm-2 s-1 sr-1 above 3.1016 eV. This ensures the detection of cosmogenic neutrinos in the most pessimistic source models, and ~50 events per year are expected for the standard models. The instrument will also detect UHECRs and possibly FRBs. Here we show how our preliminary design should enable us to reach our sensitivity goals, and discuss the steps to be taken to achieve GRAND, while the compelling science case for GRAND is discussed in more details in [1]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
Full Text
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15. First results of the TIANSHAN radio experiment for neutrino detection

Author

Valentin Niess, Junqiang Zhang, P. Lautridou, Minghua Zhao, Yi Zhang, Y. H. Zheng, Olivier Martineau-Huynh, D. Ardouin, Didier Charrier, O. Ravel, C. Cârloganu, Xiang-Ping Wu, Quanbu Gou, H. M. Hu, L. Kai, T. Saugrin, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Radio telescope, Neutrino detector, 0103 physical sciences, Neutrino, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Radio detection, Analysis method
Abstract

We present the first results of a set-up called TIANSHAN radio experiment for neutrino detection (TREND) being presently deployed on the site of the 21 cm array (21CMA) radio telescope, in XinJiang, China. We describe here its detection performances as well as the analysis method we applied to the data recorded with a small scale prototype. We demonstrate the ability of the TREND set-up for an autonomous radio-detection of extended air showers induced by cosmic rays. The full set-up will consist of 80 antennas deployed over a 4 km(2) area, and could result in a very attractive and unequalled radio-detection facility for the characterization of showers induced by ultra-high energy neutrinos with energies around 10(17) eV. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2010

16. The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection.

Author

Martineau-Huynh, Olivier, Kotera, Kumiko, Bustamente, Mauricio, Charrier, Didier, De Jong, Sijbrand, de Vries, Krijn D., Ke Fang, Zhaoyang Feng, Finley, Chad, Quanbu Gou, Junhua Gu, Hanson, Jordan C., Hongbo Hu, Murase, Kohta, Niess, Valentin, Oikonomou, Foteini, Renault-Tinacci, Nicolas, Schmid, Julia, Timmermans, Charles, and Zhen Wang

Subjects
NEUTRINO detectors, LEPTONS (Nuclear physics), SURFACE of the earth, COSMIC rays, OPTICAL sensors
Abstract

High-energy neutrino astronomy will probe the working of the most violent phenomena in the Universe. The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) project consists of an array of ∼ 105 radio antennas deployed over ∼200000 km2 in a mountainous site. It aims at detecting high-energy neutrinos via the measurement of air showers induced by the decay in the atmosphere of τ leptons produced by the interaction of cosmic neutrinos under the Earth surface. Our objective with GRAND is to reach a neutrino sensitivity of 5 × 10-11E-2 GeV-1 cm-2 s-1 sr-1 above 3 × 1016 eV. This sensitivity ensures the detection of cosmogenic neutrinos in the most pessimistic source models, and up to 100 events per year are expected for the standard models. GRAND would also probe the neutrino signals produced at the potential sources of UHECRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
Full Text
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17. Updated study on multi-TeV cosmic-ray modulation with the Tibet III air shower array using the east-west method

Author

Gui-Ming Le, Z. Y. Feng, X. R. Meng, Long Jiang, H. W. Guo, Hui-Min Zhang, Ai-Fang Yuan, You-Heng Tan, Zhaoyang Feng, Quanbu Gou, Hong-Bo Hu, Ai-Feng Li, Wen-Yi Chen, Danzengluobu, Xue-Yao Zhang, Yi-Qing Guo, Pei-Ruo Shen, Shuwang Cui, Tian-Lu Chen, Zheng-Tao Hou, Yong Zhang, L. M. Zhai, Xiao-Jun Bi, H. Lu, W. D. Li, Liang Xue, J. S. Liu, Huihai He, Xun-Xiu Zhou, Cheng Liu, Jing Huang, Yi Zhang, Ming-Ming Kang, Hui Wang, Xiang-Li Qian, Haibing Hu, X. B. Qu, Hai-Jin Li, Zhen Yang, Xiao-Hong Ding, Huan-Yu Jia, Chang-Quan Shen, L. K. Ding, Ying Zhang, Wen-Hua Lei, Mao-Yuan Liu, Cunfeng Feng, Ji-Long Zhang, and Han-Rong Wu

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, East west, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Air shower, Amplitude, Modulation, Sidereal time, Solar time, Physics::Space Physics, Instrumentation, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

We study the sidereal and solar time modulation of multi-TeV cosmic rays using the east-west method with Tibet III air shower array data taken from November 1999 to December 2008. The statistics are twice the amount used in our previous paper. In this analysis, the amplitude of the observed sidereal time modulation is about 0.1%, and the modulation shows an excess from about 4 to 7 hours and a deficit around 12 hours in local sidereal time. The sidereal time modulation has a weak dependence on the primary energy of the cosmic rays. However, the solar time modulation shows a large energy dependence. We find that the solar time modulation is fairly consistent with the prediction of the Compton-Getting effect for high-energy samples (6.2 TeV and 12.0 TeV), but exceeds the prediction for the low-energy sample (4.0 TeV). Such a discrepancy may be due to the solar modulation or the characteristics of the experimental device in the near threshold energy.

Published
2013

18. Performance of the muon detector A under TIBET III array

Author

Shuwang Cui, Gui-Ming Le, Danzengluobu, L. M. Zhai, H. Lu, Z. Y. Feng, Xiao-Jun Bi, Huan-Yu Jia, X. B. Qu, Hai-Jin Li, Wen-Yi Chen, Haibing Hu, X. R. Meng, Hui-Min Zhang, You-Heng Tan, Liang Xue, Ming-Ming Kang, Huihai He, Hui Wang, Xiang-Li Qian, Zheng-Tao Hou, Jing Huang, Zhaoyang Feng, Mao-Yuan Liu, Xun-Xiu Zhou, Zhen Yang, Yi-Qing Guo, Xiao-Hong Ding, Ji-Long Zhang, Han-Rong Wu, Xue-Yao Zhang, Cheng Liu, Ai-Fang Yuan, Pei-Ruo Shen, Ai-Feng Li, Yi Zhang, Yong Zhang, H. W. Guo, Tian-Lu Chen, Wen-Hua Lei, Quanbu Gou, J. S. Liu, W. D. Li, Long Jiang, Hong-Bo Hu, Chang-Quan Shen, L. K. Ding, Ying Zhang, and Cunfeng Feng

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cherenkov detector, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Hadron, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, Tyvek, Hybrid array, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

In order to observe gamma rays in the 100 TeV energy region, the 4500 m(2) underground muon detector array using water Cherenkov technique is constructed, forming the TIBET III+MD hybrid array. Because the showers induced by primary gamma rays contain much fewer muons than those induced by primary hadrons, significant improvement of the gamma ray sensitivity for TIBET III+MD array is expected. In this paper, the design and performance of the MD-A detector with large Tyvek bag is reported.

Published
2013

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