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This paper proposes a novel collocation-type numerical stochastic homogenization method for prototypical stochastic homogenization problems with random coefficient fields of small correlation lengths. The presented method is based on a recently introduced localization technique that enforces a super-exponential decay of the basis functions relative to the underlying coarse mesh, resulting in considerable computational savings during the sampling phase. More generally, the collocation-type structure offers a particularly simple and computationally efficient construction in the stochastic setting with minimized communication between the patches where the basis functions of the method are computed. An error analysis that bridges numerical homogenization and the quantitative theory of stochastic homogenization is performed. In a series of numerical experiments, we study the effect of the correlation length and the discretization parameters on the approximation quality of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing demand for coal resources and the unreasonable arrangement of subsequent working faces, mining activities in isolated working faces are more likely to induce coal burst accidents. In this study, the minimum distance principle is utilized as the risk assessment indicator and the quantitative theory is introduced to evaluate coal burst risk in isolated working faces. Through a case study in 1,304 isolated working face of Yangcheng Coal Mine, the key factors affecting the risk of coal burst were identified, and a three-dimensional coal burst risk assessment model was constructed to evaluate the risk of the isolated working face. The results show that as the working face advances, the abutment pressure and elastic strain energy density in front of the working face increase to the peak value in a positive exponential relationship at first and then decrease to in situ stress, which presents an upward convex trend. Under different excavation steps, the concentration coefficient of the peak stress gradually increases. The influence range of the abutment pressure of the working face gradually increases. Compared with one-dimensional and two-dimensional evaluation functions, the three-dimensional function significantly improves the accuracy of risk assessment and successfully identifies strong coal and gas outburst risks. Additionally, the model not only enhances the precision of risk assessment but also quantifies the assessment parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing demand for coal resources and the unreasonable arrangement of subsequent working faces, mining activities in isolated working faces are more likely to induce coal burst accidents. In this study, the minimum distance principle is utilized as the risk assessment indicator and the quantitative theory is introduced to evaluate coal burst risk in isolated working faces. Through a case study in 1,304 isolated working face of Yangcheng Coal Mine, the key factors affecting the risk of coal burst were identified, and a three-dimensional coal burst risk assessment model was constructed to evaluate the risk of the isolated working face. The results show that as the working face advances, the abutment pressure and elastic strain energy density in front of the working face increase to the peak value in a positive exponential relationship at first and then decrease to in situ stress, which presents an upward convex trend. Under different excavation steps, the concentration coefficient of the peak stress gradually increases. The influence range of the abutment pressure of the working face gradually increases. Compared with one-dimensional and two-dimensional evaluation functions, the three-dimensional function significantly improves the accuracy of risk assessment and successfully identifies strong coal and gas outburst risks. Additionally, the model not only enhances the precision of risk assessment but also quantifies the assessment parameters.

The subject of this article is the study of the theoretical foundations of the phenomenon of economic growth. During the study, the authors chose a general retrospective methodology and predominantly historical analysis; The history of the emergence and development of the concept of "economic growth" is considered. In accordance with this, the authors touch upon the problem of the general philosophical foundations of economic teachings, which formed the basis of the concept of modern economic growth and economic development. The research began in the works of Adam Smith and the first political economists, so special attention is paid to the historical period in which these scientists lived and worked. The following is a general overview of the first modern models of economic growth and some approaches to its assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The change in the absorption spectra due to reversal of the direction of light propagation (nonreciprocity of absorption) is a consequence of a simultaneous violation of both time-reversal and spatial-inversion symmetries. Here, we report on a high-resolution spectroscopic study of absorption nonreciprocity in the noncentrosymmetric multiferroic CuB2O4 below the antiferromagnetic transition temperature TN = 21 K in the commensurate phase in magnetic fields up to 0.5 T. The study was performed in a broad spectral region covering several exciton transitions, which all are followed by an anomalously rich structure due to the multiple exciton-magnon-phonon satellites. Two components were resolved for the spectral line near 1.4 eV corresponding to the exciton transition between the ground and the first excited state. A quantitative theory of the optical absorption and nonreciprocity at this line was developed. The theory takes into account the interference between the electric and magnetic dipole contributions to the absorption and gives an adequate explanation of the relevant effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Men's shirts have a high universality in daily life and are a kind of clothing commonly seen by the public. With the development and progress of the clothing industry this kind of clothing has gradually formed its own unique design language. At the same time with the improvement of consumers' personalized requirements for clothing homogenous and imitative style design can no longer meet the dressing demand of today's consumer groups for men' s shirts. Therefore in the process of fashion design only designers who fully consider the emotional needs of users can design clothing products that meet consumer satisfaction and make consumers satisfied. In view of this situation we take men's shirts as the research object and put forward a style design research scheme combining Kansei engineering and quantitation theory Ⅰ. First of all we collect and determine the research samples of men's shirts and the perceptual word pairs of adjectives that can accurately express the style and shape of men's shirts. In this paper in order to ensure that the follow-up evaluation of the male shirt style by the consumer group is free from the interference of various factors such as fabric texture pattern color accessories and models we draw black-and-white line drawings of the research samples in the same proportion in order to eliminate these interference factors which will be used as the stimulus diagram for the follow-up study. Next we use the product semantic difference method that consists of five perceived magnitudes to create a perceptual questionnaire so that the respondents can evaluate it in the form of a score with reference to the degree of fit between the style of a sample of men's shirts and eight pairs of perceptual words and not only that we need to use SPSS software to analyze the evaluation results. By using principal component analysis to extract the common factors from the factor analysis we finally categorize the sources of the respondents' perceptions of men's shirts into two main influencing factors namely the "temperament factor" and the "trend factor" . On this basis we use regression analysis to create factor score coefficient matrix and create two-dimensional quadrant distribution space of men's shirts. Through two-dimensional quadrant distribution map the design elements of men' s shirts can be corresponding to the perceptual score of the research samples. That is according to the most important perceptual image score of the samples the design elements of men's shirts and perceptual scores of research samples are distributed in the corresponding two-dimensional quadrant space so as to reflect the correlation between the design elements of men's shirts and the perceptual imagery ratings more intuitively. At the same time we analyze the style characteristics of men's shirts and summarize the main design elements of men' s shirts and refine the main design elements of men's shirt styles into eight elements and 23 sub-categories of elements. In addition we apply quantitation theory Ⅰ to create reflective matrices of men's shirt style design elements and through linear regression analysis the correlation between perceptual factors and design elements is predicted and a predictive mathematical model is constructed. Through correlation analysis it can be seen that the mathematical prediction model has a high degree of fitting between the measured values and the predicted values which meets the requirements of normal distribution and can explain most variables. Therefore the prediction model is ideal effective and feasible and has high scientific and universality. Finally through the design and verification of practical cases it is further proved that in the process of clothing style design combining Kansei engineering with quantitative theory Ⅰ can realize the effective integration and transformation between users' perceptual needs and clothing design elements help designers accurately grasp users' psychological needs and design and develop products that can better meet consumers' psychological needs. In this study the men' s shirt is set as a uniform texture the same solid colour fabric for research while the design elements of the fabric colour pattern and accessories will also have an impact on the style of the garment. In the subsequent research we will continue to conduct in-depth research on the above-mentioned influencing factors and further improve the research results achieved so as to make up for the shortcomings in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Site factors selection and classification of Eucalyptus urophylla X E. grandis plantation were investigated to provide basis for site selection and cultivation of large-diameter timber. [Method] A total of 40 plots of Eucalyptus urophylla X E. grandis at the age of 7.5 years were set up by typical sampling method. Growth (height, diameter at breast height and dominant height), climatic factor (annual sunshine hours) and topographic factors (slope direction, slope, slope position and altitude) were collected, and chemical and physical properties of soil were analyzed. Principal component analysis and quantitative theory I were used to analyze the relationship between site factors and tree growth. Cluster analysis was used to classify the productivity levels and site types. [Result] The quantitative model obtained with selected site factors of slope direction, slope, slope position, altitude, soil nutrient grades, soil texture, soil density and annual sunshine hours had complex correlation coefficient of 0.956, reaching extremely significant level (P<0.01). In the quantitative model, altitude, soil texture, slope direction and annual sunshine hours had extremely significant correlation with dominant height of Eucalyptus urophylla X E. grandis(P<0.01), and total contribution rate of annual sunshine hours, altitude and soil texture to dominant height was 62.75%. According to the quantitative regression model and site factors of survey sites, the predicted values of dominant height of Eucalyptus urophylla XE. grandis were obtained and site productivity levels were divided into 3 groups. The dominant heights were 27.16 m, 24.19 - 25.45 m and 21.77 - 23.40 m, respectively. The site types were divided into 10 types based on annual sunshine hours, altitude and soil texture. Annual sunshine hours and soil clay were significantly different among different yield groups (P<0.05). The longest annual sunshine hours was in high yield group and the shortest was in low yield group. The soil clay in high yield group was higher than that in middle and low yield groups. Altitude in high yield group was significantly lower than that in middle and low yield groups. Soil organic matter, total P, available Mg and available Cu in high yield group were significantly higher than those in middle and low yield groups, and soil available Mn in high yield group was significantly higher than that in low yield group. [Conclusion] The main site factors affecting productivity of Eucalyptus urophylla X E. grandis plantation were annual sunshine hours, altitude and soil texture. Eucalyptus urophylla X E. grandis grew better in site environment with longer annual sunshine hours, lower altitude and higher contents of soil clay, organic matter, total P, available Cu, available Mg and available Mn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The change in the absorption spectra due to reversal of the direction of light propagation (nonreciprocity of absorption) is a consequence of a simultaneous violation of both time-reversal and spatial-inversion symmetries. Here, we report on a high-resolution spectroscopic study of absorption nonreciprocity in the noncentrosymmetric multiferroic CuB2O4 below the antiferromagnetic transition temperature TN = 21 K in the commensurate phase in magnetic fields up to 0.5 T. The study was performed in a broad spectral region covering several exciton transitions, which all are followed by an anomalously rich structure due to the multiple exciton-magnon-phonon satellites. Two components were resolved for the spectral line near 1.4 eV corresponding to the exciton transition between the ground and the first excited state. A quantitative theory of the optical absorption and nonreciprocity at this line was developed. The theory takes into account the interference between the electric and magnetic dipole contributions to the absorption and gives an adequate explanation of the relevant effects.

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Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper provides an a priori error analysis of a localized orthogonal decomposition method for the numerical stochastic homogenization of a model random diffusion problem. If the uniformly elliptic and bounded random coefficient field of the model problem is stationary and satisfies a quantitative decorrelation assumption in the form of the spectral gap inequality, then the expected L² error of the method can be estimated, up to logarithmic factors, by H + (ε/H)d/2, ε being the small correlation length of the random coefficient and H the width of the coarse finite element mesh that determines the spatial resolution. The proof bridges recent results of numerical homogenization and quantitative stochastic homogenization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We proposed two physical concepts, i.e., an intramolecular relative cross section (RCS) and an intermolecular relative scattering ability (RSA), to re-understand and re-describe surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and established a general SERS quantification theory. Interestingly, RCS and RSA are intrinsic factors and are experimentally measurable to form datasheets of molecules, namely, SERS cards, with which a standard SERS quantification procedure was established. The validity of the theory and quantification procedure was confirmed by experiments. Surprisingly, RCS and RSA are also valid for complex systems being considered as virtual molecules and are experimentally measurable. This simplifies complex systems into analyte-virtual molecule binary systems. With this consideration, trace-level mitoxantrone (a typical cancer drug metabolite) in artificial urine was accurately predicted. The theory, the SERS cards, the standard quantification procedure, and the virtual molecule concept pave a way toward quantitative and standardized SERS spectroscopy in dealing with real-world problems and complex samples.

We consider quantitative estimates in the homogenization of second-order parabolic systems with periodic coefficients that oscillate on multiple spatial and temporal scales, ∂ t − div (A (x , t , x / ε 1 , ... , x / ε n , t / ε 1 ′ , ... , t / ε m ′) ∇) , where ε ℓ = ε α ℓ , ε k ′ = ε β k , ℓ = 1 ,... , n , k = 1 ,... , m , with 0 < α 1 <... < α n < ∞ and 0 < β 1 <... < β m < ∞. The convergence rate in the homogenization is derived in the L 2 space, and the large-scale interior and boundary Lipschitz estimates are also established. In the case n = m = 1 , such issues have been addressed by Geng and Shen (2020) [12] based on an interesting scale reduction technique developed therein. Our investigation relies on a quantitative reiterated homogenization theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of quantitative description of water migration in a stone artifacts site, we have investigated the dynamic migration process of water and established a quantitative descriptive theory system based on infrared radiation temperature through the infrared thermal imaging method. We propose the criterion of water movement initiation based on entropy theory. A quantitative relationship equation between infrared radiation temperature and water content is established using the first law of thermodynamics. A method of identifying the moisture migration wetting front is proposed. The above theory is verified by laboratory experimental thermal imaging results of moisture migration of siltstone from the Mogao Grottoes cliff. Therefore, our method can quantitatively describe the start and migration of water at a rock site using our theoretical system and infrared thermography in a non-destructive and real-time manner. Here, we provide a new method for quantitative description of moisture migration in a stone artifacts site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper below tries rather a courageous approach to the topic of economics, as updated, than an academic formulation. Actually, there are two Parts, for two different approaches through which this “old” and uncomfortable topic for all students and learners reveals as a really dramatic character: a “champion permanently (re)playing its own title”, the one who could lose all he has and get off the scene one day.

This paper reports a first look at the founding of Social Science Research , providing a few key signposts but keenly aware that a full history must await recovery of many additional documentary materials. The journal was founded by James S. Coleman and Peter H. Rossi, who had trained at Columbia, taught at Chicago, and founded the interdisciplinary Department of Social Relations at Johns Hopkins. The Coleman-Rossi vision statement embeds three key ideas: (1) quantitative theoretical work and quantitative empirical work are close and constant partners; (2) quantitative theoretical work and quantitative empirical work each require special methods; and (3) crossing disciplinary lines spurs the growth of knowledge. The first issue of Social Science Research appeared in 1972. Then as now, SSR welcomed papers that may be too innovative or too technical (or too long or too short) for other journals, inclusive of papers that cross traditional disciplinary lines. Examination of the first four volumes (1972–1975) reveals a beautiful realization of the founders' vision — a collection of rigorous quantitative papers from across the social sciences, pushing frontiers in both theory and empirics and in both substance and methods. There is innovation and creativity – and a touch of the playfulness that accelerates the growth of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of limiting factors such as rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, grass type and vegetation coverage on the stormwater runoff of urban green space was investigated in Tianjin. The prediction equation of stormwater runoff was established by the quantitative theory with the lab experimental data of soil columns. It was validated by three field experiments and the relative errors between predicted and measured stormwater runoff are 1.41, 1.52 and 7,35%, respectively. The results implied that the prediction equation could be used to forecast the stormwater runoff of urban green space. The results of range and variance analysis indicated the sequence order of limiting factors is rainfall intensity > grass type > rainfall duration > vegetation coverage. The least runoff of green land in the present study is the combination of rainfall intensity 60.0 mm/h, duration 60.0 min, grass Festuca arundinacea and vegetation coverage 90.0%. When the intensity and duration of rainfall are 60.0 mm/h and 90.0 min, the predicted volumetric runoff coefficient is 0.23 with Festuca arundinacea of 90.0% vegetation coverage. The present approach indicated that green space is an effective method to reduce stormwater runoff and the conclusions are mainly applicable to Tianjin and the semi-arid areas with main summer precipitation and long-time interval rainfalls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If prediction of a debris landslide is to be completed, the first problem is how to determine and correlate the dynamic factors. The special composition and complicated geological conditions of debris landslides have many dynamic factors influencing displacement and stability. Correlations are generally very complicated. The relationship and sequence of factors is too complex to be completed by traditional mathematical model. In order to solve the problem above, a systematical study of the quantitative and qualitative dynamic factors using a model of the quantitative theory was performed based on the displacements of Xintan landslide, China. Rainfall was found to be the most important dynamic factor among the six factors controlling displacements. Relative importance sequence and correlation was also established. All prediction results agree with the mechanism and displacement pattern of the Xintan landslide. Optimized measures of prevention and control for debris landslides can be completed with correlation of the dynamic factors by means of the quantitative theory model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radio emissions observed at 2–3 kHz by the Voyager spacecraft are associated with global merged interaction regions (GMIRs) reaching the vicinity of the heliopause. A recent theory predicts that the radiation turns on when the GMIR shock enters a region in the outer heliosheath primed with a superthermal electron tail, itself produced by “lower-hybrid drive” (LHD) associated with pickup ions. Here we combine this theory with a recent theory for type II solar radio bursts, resulting in an analytic quantitative theory for the 2–3 kHz radiation. The resulting theory treats electron reflection and acceleration at the GMIR shock, formation of electron beams in the foreshock, generation of Langmuir waves, and conversion of Langmuir energy into radiation at the fundamental and harmonic of the electron plasma frequency. Predictions include the characteristics of electron beams and the power input into radiation throughout the foreshock, as well as the flux observed by a distant observer. For nominal shock and plasma parameters, we show that the new theory predicts: (1) fluxes of fundamental radiation of order those observed, (2) the superthermal electron tail produced by LHD increases the fundamental flux by ≈2 orders of magnitude compared with predictions that neglect the tail, and (3) fundamental emission dominates harmonic emission. While issues remain, these results are significant progress towards a viable theory for the 2–3 kHz emissions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]