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Objective: To determine prevalence of UTI in pregnant women and its associated risk factors at a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Gynae & Obstetrics Independent University Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: 1-10-2022 to 31-3-2023. Methods: All pregnant patients visiting gynae OPD (5280) were enrolled for study. Mid-stream urine sample was taken and analyzed. UTI was diagnosed if >10 pus cells / HPF were seen. Inclusion Criteria: All pregnant females attending antenatal clinic during study period. Exclusion Criteria: Women with chronic renal disease. History of antibiotic treatment in last one week, Congenital renal abnormality. Patients on immuno suppressive therapy. Results: The prevalence of UTI in our study was 28%. In this study 593 patients (40%) were <20 years of age, 258(17%) were in 21-30 years age group, 246 (16%) were 31-40 years and 381(26%) were >40 years of age. In our study 526 (35%) were primigravidas, 249(17%) were G2, 272(18%) were G3 and 431 (29%) were G4 or above. In this study 698 (47%) patients were in first trimester, 320(22%) were in second trimester, 460(31%) in third trimester. Among risk factors 245 patients (16%) were anemic and 421(28%) were diabetic. Conclusion: The Prevalence of UTI in pregnant female of independent university hospital Faisalabad is quite high. Anemia and diabetes are major associated risk factors. Owing to its association with a number of complications, UTI needs to be diagnosed and treated promptly to lessen perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An innovative IoT-based system utilizing a modified slotted microstrip patch antenna with enhanced coupling is presented for precise measurement of leaf moisture content. The antenna employs a rectangular slot above the feed point with an advanced coupling technique to enhance sensitivity. The antenna, fabricated on a 0.8 mm F4B substrate, is designed to resonate within the 2.40 to 3.0 GHz range under unloaded conditions. A parametric analysis focusing on leaf permittivity ranging from 20 to 30 is conducted to determine the antennas' sensitivity. Experimental measurements of the reflection coefficient (S11) with respect to resonant frequency shift are performed with leaf samples as the samples under test (SUT). Experimental results reveal that the proposed patch antenna's sensitivity is significantly enhanced, ranging from 0.57 to 1.67 times greater than that of traditional patch antennas for the five leaf samples tested. The antenna exhibits a sensitivity of 0.06 GHz and 0.02 GHz for the modified and enhanced coupling designs, respectively. The mean relative error between predicted and measured moisture content values is low at 0.038. The findings highlight the antenna's increased sensitivity in detecting leaf moisture content and illustrate the potential of the proposed IoT-based system for real-time agricultural monitoring, marking an advancement in precision farming practices. The study validates the microstrip patch antenna's capability as a moisture sensor through detailed sensitivity analysis, frequency shift measurements, and regression modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy systems are vital for a sustainable future, where solid-state hydrogen storage can play a crucial role. Perovskite hydride materials have attracted the scientific community for hydrogen storage applications. The current work focuses on the theoretical study using density functional theory (DFT) to evaluate the characteristics of MgXH3 (X = Co, Cu, Ni) hydrides. The structural, vibrational, electronic, mechanical, thermodynamic, and hydrogen storage properties of these hydrides were investigated. The equilibrium lattice parameters were calculated using the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state-to-energy volume curves. The elastic constants (Cij) and relevant parameters, such as Born criteria, were calculated to confirm the mechanical stability of the hydrides. The Cauchy pressure (Cp) revealed brittle or ductile behavior. The outcomes of the Pugh ratio, Poisson ratio, and anisotropy were also calculated and discussed. The absence of negative lattice vibrational frequencies in phonon dispersion confirmed the lattice's dynamic stability. The heat capacity curves of thermodynamic properties revealed that hydrides can conduct thermal energy. The metallic character and ample interatomic distances of hydrides were confirmed by the band structure and population analysis, which confirmed that hydrides can conduct electrical energy and adsorb hydrogen. The density of state (DOS) and partial DOS unveiled the role of specific atoms in the DOS of the crystal. The calculated gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity of MgCoH3, MgCuH3, and MgNiH3 hydrides was 3.64, 3.32, and 3.49wt%, respectively. Our results provide a deeper understanding of its potential for hydrogen storage applications through a detailed analysis of MgXH3 (X = Co, Cu, Ni) perovskite hydride material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients presenting with uterine fibroids at a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Independent Medical Collage, Faisalabad. Period: January 2021 to December 2022. Material & Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was performed over a period of two year from January 2021 to December 2022 at Obstetrics and Gynecology department of Independent University Hospital, Faisalabad. Results: Among total 48 patients of our study 7 patients were aged <20 while 18 were between 20 to 30 years of age and 23 were in 30 to 40 yr age group. Out of 48 patients, 27 were primigraidas, 18 patients were in G2 to G4 group and 10 were >G4. Among 48 patients, 8 had body mass index<25 kg/m2.12 patients had BMI between 26-30kg/m2 and 28 patients had BMI>30kg/m2. 7 patients had symptoms <6 months.14 patients had symptoms for more than 6 months but less than 1 yr while 27 patients had symptoms >1 yr. In our study, 6 patients has spontaneous miscarriages. In our study 9 patients had preterm birth and 22 patients needed caesarean section and 10 patients had PPH. Conclusion: Pregnancy in patients with fibroids, should be considered as high risk, as it is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. So pregnancy has to be cautiously reserved in the antenatal period, through regular follow up, to detect any obstetric complications and so improve the outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the control of gestational diabetes with metformin and to study maternal and fetal outcome in patients using metformin. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Obs & Gynae, Independent University Hospital. Period: September 2019 to July 2021. Material & Methods: Eighty six patient diagnosed as having gestational diabetes mellitus by oral glucose tolerance test included in study and Metformin used as first line therapy along with diet for control of blood sugar levels. While patients with insulin dependent diabetes and type 2 DM were excluded from study. Results: It was observed in study, that with metformin use glycemic control was excellent in 70 (81.3%) of patients. Maternal outcome like risk of maternal weight gain>10kg, preeclampsia, and premature births were low in patient usung metformin in pregnancy and as well as neonatal risk of macrosomia, prematurity, neonatal hypoglycemia and need for hospital admission were low with the use of metformin in patients suffering from gestational diabetes. Conclusion: GDM associated adverse outcome for mother like maternal weight gain, pregnancy induced hypertension operative delivery and neonate like macrosomia, birth trauma, neonatal hypoglycemia are well controlled by the use of life style modification and metformin use in almost >80 % of cases only in few cases there is additional need of insulin therapy. Maternal and fetal outcome found to be satisfactory with the use of metformin. Further studies are required to build a more confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]