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and its derivatives are an important class of heterocyclic compounds that possess a wide range of therapeutic and pharmacological properties, while thiourea is an organosulphur compound in that it resembles urea except that the atom oxygen has been replaced by a Sulphur atom, but the properties of urea and thiourea are significantly different. The current work concerns the synthesis of a new class of urea and thiourea derivatives of isoniazid with various isocyanates and isothiocyanates in the presence of trimethylamine. The IR and NMR spectral data were performed for the urea and thiourea derivatives of the compounds [(3c & 3f) & (3d & 3e)], respectively. Molecular docking studies of the compounds (3a-h) revealed the binding mode involved in the active site of DNA gyrase. The synthesized urea and thiourea derivatives of isoniazid with various isocyanates and isothiocyanates were tested for their antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria using the "disc diffusion method". Of all compounds tested, the urea derivatives (3a &3d), the thiourea derivatives (3e & 3g) showed more potent activity than the other compounds. The MTT assay revealed concentration dependent cytotoxic effects over a concentration range 25-200 µg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory, multi factorial disease. Topical chemical agents are used to treat psoriasis, despite their lower effectiveness or ineffective effects. Herbal medicine can be one of the alternative treatment methods. Momordica charantia is traditionally used to treat skin diseases, especially psoriasis. The main phytochemicals responsible for antipsoriatic activity is stigmasterol, taraxerol, lofenol, phenylpropanoids and squalene. The alcoholic soxhlation method was used to obtain the percentage phytochemical yield of 13.36% w/w, which was used for antipsoriatic activity using a mouse tail model of psoriasis. The extract produced significant differentiation of the epidermis as evidenced by the degree of orthokeratosis 70.18 ± 2.64% compared to the negative control 17.30 ± 4.09%. This was equivalent to the effect of the standard positive control, tazarotene gel (0.1%), which showed a degree of orthokeratosis of 90.03 ± 2.00%. The extract showed an overall antipsoriatic activity of 63.94%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrine disorder which is characterized by chronic anovulation. Irregular periods, hirsutism, weight gain are the other signs of PCOS. The prevalence of PCOS worldwide is between 6% and 26% while in India it was 3.7% to 22.5%. PCOS is the most prevailing female endocrine disorder and the preeminent cause of infertility. Risk factors that contribute to the development of PCOS include genetics, neuroendocrine system, sedentary lifestyle, diet, and obesity. Modern medicine has found many ways to heal. Synthetic drugs such as metformin and oral contraceptive pills were available in the market, but because of their side effects, people depend on traditional and herbal medicines. This review provides a detailed approach to different types of traditional and natural systems for the treatment and management of PCOS. Different approaches to managing PCOS include the traditional system of drugs, herbal remedies, herbs, and Phyto-ingredients that have proven their potential in treating PCOS. Traditional medicine includes Unani, Ayurveda, Siddha, naturopathy, yoga, and homeopathy. In addition to treatment, yoga also has potential in treating PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a 5-level inverter topology for open-end induction motor drives by using a single dc source. The open stator windings of the drive are supplied with a 3-level flying capacitor inverter from one end and capacitor-fed 2-level inverter from another end. The voltage ratio of the dc link to the capacitor in 2-level inverter is maintained at 4:1 ratio to generate five-level voltage output. The capacitor in 2-level inverter is balanced by the switching redundant vector combinations from both the inverters while the floating capacitors in the 3-level inverter are balanced by using redundant switching states. The proposed topology gives 5-level operation with less number of floating capacitors and power semiconductor switches compared to other existing topologies. Also, the balancing of the capacitors is independent of load power factor and modulation index. Further, the generalization of the proposed dual inverter scheme for any n-level inverter is also included in this paper. The experimental results and required analysis are also presented to validate the inverter scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional two-level as well as multilevel voltage-source-inverter topologies with a hexagonal voltage-space vector structure generate low-order harmonics in the machine terminal voltages when operated beyond the linear modulation range in variable speed drive application. Progressing from hexagonal to a higher sided polygonal voltage-space-vector structure (VSVS) suppresses significant low-order harmonics throughout the modulation range. In addition, the linear modulation range will also be enhanced very near to the base speed. In this paper, for the first time, the generation of a multilevel 24-sided VSVS using a single dc source for induction-motor drives is proposed. A cascaded topology with a dc-source-fed flying-capacitor inverter and two low-voltage capacitor-fed H-bridge cells forms the power circuit. The features and advantages of the proposed scheme are validated through experimental results and discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]