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4,372 results on '"Région Centre"'

1. Enjeux de coopération métropolitaine au sein de l’Aire Ligérienne. Etude thématique des coopérations existantes dans l’aire ligérienne

Author: Direction Régionale de l'Equipement de la Région Centre [sponsor], Blondel, Cyril, Demazière, Christophe, Hernandez, Frédérique, Carrière, Jean-Paul, Thibault, Serge, Barbou, Pauline, Mesnier, Anne-Lise, Stroobant, Chani, Menage, Pierre, Serrano, José, Direction Régionale de l'Equipement de la Région Centre [sponsor], Blondel, Cyril, Demazière, Christophe, Hernandez, Frédérique, Carrière, Jean-Paul, Thibault, Serge, Barbou, Pauline, Mesnier, Anne-Lise, Stroobant, Chani, Menage, Pierre, and Serrano, José
Published: 2007

2. Histoire de la Tchétchénie

Author: Cafés historiques en région Centre (1 February 2006: Orléans, France), Merlin, Aude, Cafés historiques en région Centre (1 February 2006: Orléans, France), and Merlin, Aude
Abstract: info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Published: 2006

3. Enjeux de coopération métropolitaine au sein de l’Aire Ligérienne. Synthèse et analyse des documents abordant l’aire ligérienne

Author: Direction Réegionale de l'Equipement de la Région Centre [sponsor], Blondel, Cyril, Demazière, Christophe, Carrière, Jean-Paul, Mesnier, Anne-Lise, Stroobant, Chani, Barbou, Pauline, Hernandez, Frédérique, Thibault, Serge, Direction Réegionale de l'Equipement de la Région Centre [sponsor], Blondel, Cyril, Demazière, Christophe, Carrière, Jean-Paul, Mesnier, Anne-Lise, Stroobant, Chani, Barbou, Pauline, Hernandez, Frédérique, and Thibault, Serge
Published: 2006

4. Les formes du paysage. 2, Archéologie des parcellaires : actes du colloque d'Orléans, [28-30] mars 1996 / [organisé par AGER, Association pour l'étude du monde rural gallo-romain et par ARCHEA, Association en région Centre pour l'histoire et l'archéologie] ; sous la dir. de Gérard Chouquer

Author: Chouquer, Gérard (1948-....). Directeur de publication, Association d'étude du monde rural gallo-romain (France). Éditeur scientifique, Association en région Centre pour l'histoire et l'archéologie. Éditeur scientifique, Chouquer, Gérard (1948-....). Directeur de publication, Association d'étude du monde rural gallo-romain (France). Éditeur scientifique, and Association en région Centre pour l'histoire et l'archéologie. Éditeur scientifique
Abstract: Collection : Archéologie aujourd'hui, Collection : Archéologie aujourd'hui, Contient une table des matières, Avec mode texte, Actes de congrès
Published: 1996

5. Le geste du boucher : découpe et consommation de la viande de la préhistoire à nos jours / ARCHEA ; textes et notices d'exposition réunis par Patrice Conte et Christian Vallet ; préf., Jean-Denis Vigne...

Author: Conte, Patrice (19..-.... ; archéologue). Collaborateur, Vallet, Christian (1953-....). Collaborateur, Association en région Centre pour l'histoire et l'archéologie. Auteur du texte, Conte, Patrice (19..-.... ; archéologue). Collaborateur, Vallet, Christian (1953-....). Collaborateur, and Association en région Centre pour l'histoire et l'archéologie. Auteur du texte
Abstract: [Exposition. Limoges. 1989], Collection : L'Archéothèque : les cahiers d'ARCHEA ; 2, Collection : L'Archéothèque ; 2, Contient une table des matières, Avec mode texte
Published: 1993

6. L'église Saint-Pierre de Perrusson, Indre-et-Loire : dossier Ecclesia, février 1991 / [Association pour le développement de la recherche historique et archéologique appliquée à l'animation culturelle en région Centre]

Author: Association pour le développement de la recherche historique et archéologique appliquée à l'animation culturelle en région Centre. Projet Ecclesia. Auteur du texte and Association pour le développement de la recherche historique et archéologique appliquée à l'animation culturelle en région Centre. Projet Ecclesia. Auteur du texte
Abstract: Contient une table des matières, Avec mode texte
Published: 1991

7. Predictive surface complexation model of the calcite-aqueous solution interface: The impact of high concentration and complex composition of brines

Author: Aberdeen-Curtin PhD studentship Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities Région Centre-Val de Loire French Ministry of Higher Education and Research, Vinogradov, Jan, Hidayat, Miftah, Sarmadivaleh, Mohammad, Derksen, Jos, Vega-Maza, David, Iglauer, Stefan, Jougnot, Damien, Azaroual, Mohamed, Leroy, Philippe, Aberdeen-Curtin PhD studentship Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities Région Centre-Val de Loire French Ministry of Higher Education and Research, Vinogradov, Jan, Hidayat, Miftah, Sarmadivaleh, Mohammad, Derksen, Jos, Vega-Maza, David, Iglauer, Stefan, Jougnot, Damien, Azaroual, Mohamed, and Leroy, Philippe
Abstract: Vinogradov, J., Hidayat, M., Sarmadivaleh, M., Derksen, J., Vega-Maza, D., Iglauer, S., . . . Leroy, P. (2022). Predictive surface complexation model of the calcite-aqueous solution interface: The impact of high concentration and complex composition of brines. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 609, 852-867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.084

8. One-atmosphere high-temperature CO–CO2–SO2 gas-mixing furnace: design, operation, and applications

Author: Shashank Prabha-Mohan, Kenneth T. Koga, Antoine Mathieu, Franck Pointud, Diego F. Narvaez, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Magma - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Departamento de Geología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), and ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016)
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, General Mathematics, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography
Abstract: In this paper, we present a new design for a 1 atm gas-mixing furnace using the gas mixture CO–CO2–SO2. This furnace can simulate disequilibrium processes such as magmatic and volcanic degassing. Here, we present the technical aspects of the design. The furnace can sustain temperatures of up to 1650 ∘C and has a hot zone that spans 200 mm vertically, where the hotspot is determined to be ∼ 32 mm below the midpoint of the furnace enclosure. The four mass flow controllers are individually calibrated and accurate to within 0.8 % of the specified value. The fO2 is accurately reproduced in the furnace within ±0.002 log units, as calibrated by the Fe–FeO reaction across the iron–wüstite (IW) buffer at 1300 ∘C. The furnace can reliably simulate dynamic conditions, where the fO2 can be modulated at a maximum rate of 2.0 log units min−1 by varying the gas mixture. A delay of 40 s is observed to attain the fO2 calculated from the gas mixture, at the hotspot. A series of safety measures to protect the user from exposure to the toxic gases are detailed. In our experiments, the furnace is used to determine sulfur isotope fractionation factors among melt, sulfide, and the gas phase, within a magmatic context, using either crystals of olivine or silica glass tubes. The furnace has the potential to investigate various other dynamic high-temperature reactions occurring on Earth.
Published: 2023
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9. A microfluidic chip for geoelectrical monitoring of critical zone processes

Author: Rembert, Flore, Stolz, Arnaud, Soulaine, Cyprien, Roman, Sophie, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe de recherches sur l'énergétique des milieux ionisés (GREMI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux Poreux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), ANR-21-CE04-0013,IMAGE,Polarisation induite pour l'exploration du transport des polluants organiques et des géo-procédés de bioremédiation de l'échelle nano à l'échelle du terrain(2021), and European Project: 101039854,ERC-2021-STG,TRACE-it(2022)
Subjects: Spectral induced polarization, Microfluidics, Calcite dissolution, Critical zone, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics
Abstract: International audience; We miniaturize geoelectrical acquisition using advanced microfabrication technologies to investigate coupled processes in the critical zone. We focus on the development of the complex electrical conductivity acquisition with the spectral induced polarization (SIP) method on a microfluidic chip equipped with electrodes. SIP is an innovative detection method that has the potential to monitor biogeochemical processes. However, due to the lack of microscale visualization of the processes, the interpretation of the SIP response remains under debate. This approach at the micrometer scale allows working in well-controlled conditions, with real-time monitoring by high-speed and high-resolution microscopy. It enables direct observation of microscopic reactive transport processes in the critical zone. We monitor the dissolution of pure calcite, a common geochemical reaction studied as an analog of the water-mineral interactions. We highlight the strong correlation between SIP response and dissolution through image processing. These results demonstrate that the proposed technological advancement will provide a further understanding of the critical zone processes through SIP observation.
Published: 2023
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10. Comparison between Rock-Eval® and temperature-programmed pyrolysis/mass spectrometry for the analysis of environmental and geological samples

Author: Jacob, Jérémy, Delarue, Frédéric, Copard, Yoann, Le Milbeau, Claude, Grasset, Laurent, Brockmann, Patrick, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), OTARIE project (Région Centre Val de Loire, European Council through the FEDER fund), and ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract: International audience; Natural organic matter (OM) has a complex structure whose complete structural and chemical description remains a challenge. Rock-Eval® device constitutes a rapid and affordable method for obtaining key quantitative and qualitative parameters on OM. Previous studies on soil samples proposed to deconvolute or to split into temperature slices Rock-Eval® S2 pyrograms in order to distinguish and quantify chemical fractions of increasing thermal lability. In order to provide support for such an assumption, this work proposes a methodological approach based on coupling a temperature-programmed pyrolyser to a standard mass spectrometer (Py-MS). In this manuscript, we compare results acquired by Rock-Eval® pyrolysis with those from Total Ion Current (TIC) traces obtained by Py-MS on a set of reference soil samples, completed by dissolved OM, source rock and coal samples, in order to test the extent to which this approach can be generalized. Our results show good quantitative and qualitative agreements between the two methods. This comparison is a prerequisite before going further and addressing the molecular significance of S2 pyrograms deconvolution through the examination of m/z fragments abundance curves.
Published: 2023
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11. The earliest unambiguous Neanderthal engravings on cave walls: La Roche-Cotard, Loire Valley, France

Author: Marquet, Jean-Claude, Freiesleben, Trine Holm, Thomsen, Kristina Jørkov, Murray, Andrew Sean, Calligaro, Morgane, Macaire, Jean-Jacques, Robert, Eric, Lorblanchet, Michel, Aubry, Thierry, Bayle, Grégory, Bréhéret, Jean-Gabriel, Camus, Hubert, Chareille, Pascal, Egels, Yves, Guillaud, Émilie, Guérin, Guillaume, Gautret, Pascale, Liard, Morgane, O’farrell, Magen, Peyrouse, Jean-Baptiste, Thamó-Bozsó, Edit, Verdin, Pascal, Wojtczak, Dorota, Oberlin, Christine, Jaubert, Jacques, Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés (CITERES), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Archéologie et Archéométrie (ArAr), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract: Here we report on Neanderthal engravings on a cave wall at La Roche-Cotard (LRC) in central France, made more than 57±3 thousand years ago. Following human occupation, the cave was completely sealed by cold-period sediments, which prevented access until its discovery in the 19 th century and first excavation in the early 20 th century. The timing of the closure of the cave is based on 50 optically stimulated luminescence ages derived from sediment collected inside and from around the cave. The anthropogenic origin of the spatially-structured, non-figurative marks found within the cave is confirmed using taphonomic, traceological and experimental evidence. Cave closure occurred significantly before the regional arrival of H . sapiens , and all artefacts from within the cave are typical Mousterian lithics; in Western Europe these are uniquely attributed to H . neanderthalensis . We conclude that the LRC engravings are unambiguous examples of Neanderthal abstract design.
Published: 2023
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12. Peculiarities of aluminum particle combustion in steam

Author: Fabien Halter, Valentin Glasziou, Marco Di Lorenzo, Stany Gallier, Christian Chauveau, Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes (INSIS - CNRS), CEA - Centre de Gramat, ArianeGroup, French Defense Procurement Agency DGA ( Direction Générale de l’Armement ), CEA - DAM, Région Centre-Val de Loire, ANR-11-LABX-0006,CAPRYSSES,Cinétique chimique et Aérothermodynamique pour des Propulsions et des Systèmes Energétiques Propres(2011), European Project: FEDER, French Defense Procurement Agency DGA (Direction Générale de l’Armement), Région Centre Val de Loire, and Combustion Institute
Subjects: Aluminum combustion, Steam, Oxidizer efficiency, Mechanical Engineering, General Chemical Engineering, Burning time, [SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment, Combustion, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract: International audience; This work experimentally addresses aluminum combustion in steam, pure or mixed with diluents, for aluminum particles in size range 40 ∼80 μm, using an electrodynamic levitator. High-speed videos unveil an unreported and complex mechanism in steam, not observed in other oxidizers. The detached flame is quite faint and very close to the surface. Alumina smoke around the droplet rapidly condenses and coalesces into a large, single orbiting alumina satellite. It eventually collides the main aluminum droplet while generating secondary alumina droplets. A unique feature is the presence of several distinct oxide lobes on the droplet, which merge only at the end of burning and encapsulate the remaining aluminum, possibly promoting an incomplete combustion. The measured burning times in pure water vapor are longer than expected and the efficiency of steam is found to be 30% that of oxygen, lower than the usually accepted value of 60%. A general correlation on burning time, including the major oxidizers, is proposed. Direct numerical simulations are conducted and are in line with experiments, in terms of burning rate or flame stand off ratio. Combustion in steam seems mostly supported by surface reactions, giving a faint flame with low gas temperatures and high hydrogen content. It is speculated that those two specific features could help explain the peculiarity of steam.
Published: 2023
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13. Nickel mass balance and isotopic records in a serpentinic weathering profile: Implications on the continental Ni budget

Author: Machado, A.L., Garnier, J., Ratié, Gildas, Guimaraes, E., Monvoisin, G., Cloquet, C., Quantin, C., University of Brasilia [Brazil] (UnB), Laboratoire Mixte International Observatoire des Changements Environnementaux (LMI-OCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] (UnB), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Géosciences Paris Saclay (GEOPS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010)
Subjects: Ultramafic rock, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Weathering, Chemical Geology, Ni-bearing phase, Ni isotope, Mass fluxes, REE
Abstract: International audience; During serpentinite rock weathering, Ni is concentrated in the regolith owing to residual and secondary enrichment, forming a Ni-rich deposit under tropical conditions. This study presents geochemical, isotopic, and mineralogical data for Ni from the Serra do Puma Complex (SPC) weathering profile in Carajas (Brazil). The Ni fluxes, redistribution, and Ni isotopic fractionation magnitudes were quantified along the entire weathering profile: rock, saprock, lower and upper saprolite, and limonite. The results show that chlorite and serpentine are the primary Ni-scavenging phases in saprolite, whereas Fe oxyhydroxides are the main Ni-hosting minerals in the limonite unit. The mass balance model confirmed a global Ni gain at the weathered profile scale, with larger Ni enrichment in the upper saprolite. The isotopic dataset obtained in this study contributes greatly to the knowledge of the current Ni cycle on regional and global scales. The detailed insights into Ni isotopes in the SPC, coupled with chemical and mineralogical composition, allow for the first time a Ni mass balance and Ni isotopic values for an entire weathering profile in an Amazonian context. The Ni isotopic profile agrees with the preferential retention of light Ni isotopes in the residual material relative to the parent rock during weathering processes, with the Δ60Ni limonite-saprock of −0.72‰. In the SPC, major isotopic fractionation was notably recorded during saprolitization, while limonitization was accompanied by an overall Ni loss without significant Ni isotopic fractionation. As already observed in previous studies, heavier Ni isotopes, preferentially leached during weathering processes, can be further mobilized downward and lost from the profile or incorporated in secondary minerals in the saprolite and limonite sections. The Ni isotopic mass balance model indicated that the Ni loss from the weathered serpentinite profile was isotopically heavy, in agreement with the isotopically heavier composition of the dissolved load of Amazonian rivers. The isotopically light Ni pool, associated with the significant Ni gain encountered in the upper saprolite, is notable in the SPC weathering profile and confirms the existence of a light Ni isotope reservoir in the continent.
Published: 2023
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14. Effect of hydrological and vegetation restorations on the C sink function of the disturbed La Guette peatland

Author: Bou Melhem, Rima, Jourdain, Line, Gogo, Sébastien, Leroy, Fabien, Jacotot, Adrien, d'Angelo, Benoît, Laggoun-Défarge, Fatima, Guimbaud, Christophe, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), and SNO Tourbières
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract: International audience; Natural peatlands represent 1/3 of the world C soils and contribute significantly to sequestration of atmospheric CO2 by assimilation and storage of non-well decomposed organic C, due to their specific predominant vegetation such as Sphagnum species. However, they are encountering anthropogenic-induced pressures that disturb their structure (implying shift of vegetation), with potential consequences on their carbon sink function. In an attempt to mitigate this effect, restoration experiments were undertaken at La Guette peatland, a hydrologically disturbed temperate Sphagnum-peatland invaded by vascular plants, which is now a carbon source. Hydrological restoration was performed by blocking drains with dams and vegetation restoration was undertaken by either i) removing first 5 cm of peat (bare plots) or ii) removing first 5 cm of peat and transferring Sphagnum mosses (Sphagnum plots). To study the effect of these experiments, CO2 and CH4 fluxes together with environmental variables and vegetation indices were monitored from 2014 to 2017 in 24 2mx2m plots. The annual carbon budget for each plot was estimated using empirical models. Preliminary results show that the hydrological restored site presented lower annual mean CO2 emissions than the undisturbed site. In addition, Sphagnum plots had the lowest annual mean CO2 emissions followed by bare peat plots then by intact plots. Hence, the results of these models provide evidence that hydrological and vegetation restorations favour the return to the C sink function of the peatland. However, there is still a need for larger-scale studies to better estimate the effect of restoration activities on peatland greenhouse carbon budgets.
Published: 2023
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15. IP signature of metallic particles: lessons learnt from field and laboratory experiments

Author: Pauline Kessouri, Clémence Ryckebusch, Alejandro Fernandez-Visentini, Lee D. Slater, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux Poreux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Rutgers University [Newark], Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Schlumberger-Doll Research Center (USA, MA), and European Project: NWE918,NWE-REGENERATIS
Subjects: brownfield rehabilitation, Induced polarization, Metallic particles, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Past Metallurgical sites and Deposits (PMSD)
Abstract: Past metallurgical sites and deposits account for a significant proportion of potentially contaminated sites in the European Union (EU): about 100,000 have been identified only in the North West regions of the EU. While recent wastes from sites still in operation are commonly recovered, this is not the case for old aggregated materials with a high content of ferrous (and other) metals, white and black slag, etc., which are considered to be sources of pollution and are costly to manage or dispose of. These sites could be considered as opportunities to recover large volumes of resources (metals, materials and land) using urban mining techniques if they were better characterized.The induced polarization (IP) method is a geophysical method known to be sensitive to the presence of various metallic particles disseminated in the soil layers. If qualitative interpretation of the measured IP parameters in the field (i.e. resistivity and chargeability) are widespread, quantitative interpretation in terms of concentrations of different metallic particles is yet to be developed.The example of the Pompey field site (FR), investigated as part of the NWE-REGENERATIS project (https://www.nweurope.eu/projects/project-search/nwe-regeneratis-regeneration-of-past-metallurgical-sites-and-deposits-through-innovative-circularity-for-raw-materials/), is used in this study to present the interest in using time domain IP (TDIP) field measurements to characterize metallurgical past deposits. Several paths are explored to convert resistivity and chargeability TDIP tomographies into quantitative interpretation of metallic element concentrations: (1) extraction of frequency data from TDIP field measurements; and (2) upscaling of lab results through numerical simulations.Regarding (1), TDIP measurement were made with different time windows (different frequencies), giving us access to spectral IP (SIP) processing and interpretation at 5 frequencies. These new frequency interpretations of the TDIP can be compared to lab measurements and facilitate the upscaling of the found petrophysical relationships.Regarding (2), in order to interpret the TDIP results in terms of concentration of metallic particles, known petrophysical relationships and geochemical measurements obtained at the lab scale need to be interpreted at the field scale. We propose to use a Bayesian framework for inferring field-scale metallic particles concentrations, taking into account heterogeneity and anisotropy within the inversion schemes. This work is ongoing.For both (1) and (2), it is crucial to find the best petrophysical relationships linking the IP parameters to concentration and size of metallic particles. Wong (1979) developed a physics-based electrochemical model that is still used today. We further investigate the Wong model to explore the role of the background porous medium itself in determining the IP signature of disseminated metallic particles and discuss the sensitivity of the model to estimate metallic grains concentration.All these different research paths lead to a better understanding of metallic particles IP signature at a small scale, as well as discussions on how to use these findings to better characterize and reevaluate past metallurgical sites and deposits.This study was funded by the North West Europe (NWE) Interreg project called NWE-REGENERATIS that aims at the regeneration of past metallurgic sites and deposits through innovative circularity for raw materials, and by Schlumberger-Doll Research Center (USA, MA).
Published: 2023
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16. Modelling interranual variability of methane emissions from a temperate degraded peatland

Author: Line Jourdain, Elodie Salmon, Christophe Guimbaud, Chunjin Qiu, Sebastien Gogo, Bertrand Guenet, Fabrice Jégou, Fattima Lagoun Défarge, Philippe Ciais, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), SNO-Tourbières, and EGU
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract: International audience; Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane in the atmosphere. How the methane emissions from wetlands will evolve with global change is a subject of debate. In this study, we investigate the interannual variability of methane emissions from a temperate degraded peatland located in the Sologne region (French Region Centre) and test the ability of the land surface model ORCHIDEE to reproduce this variability. The site is instrumented for long term monitoring of the hydrological parameters, greenhouse gas emissions, dissolved organic content and biodiversity. The peat has undergone several perturbations due to the urbanization of the site that led to drainage and invasion by vascular plants (Molinia Caerula, Erica Tretalix). Our study focuses on the 2014-2020 period after a hydrological restoration was undertaken. The model, driven by meteorological data and constrained by in situ hydrological data, primary productivity and total soil carbon, is able to reproduce the general temporal trend in methane emissions. The model is used to investigate the effect of climatological conditions (droughts) and vegetation changes (invasion by vascular plants) on the observed trend of methane fluxes. The model is also used to study the relative contributions of different methane transport processes (by the plants, from ebullition and diffusion) to the methane flux observed in La Guette peatland.
Published: 2023
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17. Molecular-level understanding of metal ion retention in clay-rich materials

Author: Xiandong Liu, Christophe Tournassat, Sylvain Grangeon, Andrey G. Kalinichev, Yoshio Takahashi, Maria Marques Fernandes, Nanjing University (NJU), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Tokyo University of Science [Tokyo], Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), and European Project: 847593,EURAD(2019)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Pollution, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: International audience; Clay minerals retain or adsorb metal ions in the Earth’s critical zone. Rocks, sediments and soils rich in clay minerals can concentrate rare earth elements (REEs) in ion adsorption-type deposits (IADs) and are similarly effective at metallic contaminant remediation. However, the molecular-scale chemical and physical mechanisms of metal ion retention remain only partly understood. In this Review, we describe the nature, location and energy requirements of metal retention at clay mineral surfaces. Retention originates mainly from electrostatic interactions during cation exchange at low pH and chemical bonding in surface complexation and precipitation at neutral and high pH. Surface complexation can induce surface redox reactions and precipitation mechanisms including neoformation of clay mineral layered structures. In IADs, outer-sphere adsorption is the major retention mechanism of REE ions. By contrast, the use of clay minerals in pollution control relies on various mechanisms that can coexist, including cation exchange, surface complexation and nucleation growth. To more effectively leverage clay mineral–metal interactions in resource recovery and contaminant remediation, complex mechanisms such as surface precipitation and redox reactions must be better understood; for instance, by utilizing advances in quantum mechanical calculations, close combination between synchrotron and simulation techniques, and upscaling of molecular-level information in macroscopic thermokinetic predictive models.
Published: 2022
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18. Reactive transport experiments of coupled carbonation and serpentinization in a natural serpentinite. Implication for hydrogen production and carbon geological storage

Author: Osselin, Florian, Pichavant, Michel, Champallier, R��mi, Ulrich, Marc, Raimbourg, Hugues, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Métallogénie - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), and ANR-11-EQPX-0036,PLANEX,Planète Expérimentation: simulation et analyse in-situ en conditions extrêmes(2011)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Serpentinization, FOS: Physical sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Reactive-percolation experiments, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics (physics.geo-ph), Physics - Geophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Carbonation, Serpentinites, Hydrogen, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Serpentinization and carbonation of ultramafic formations is a ubiquitous phenomenon, which deeply influences the biogeochemical cycles of water, hydrogen, carbon…while supporting the particular biosphere around the oceanic hydrothermal vents. Carbonation of peridotites and other mafic and ultramafic rocks is also a hot topic in the current energy landscape as the engineered sequestration of mineral CO2 in these formations could help reduce the atmospheric emissions and cope with climate change. In this study, we present two reactive percolation experiments performed on a natural serpentinite dredged from the ultraslow South-West Indian Oceanic Ridge. The serpentinite cores (length 3-4 cm and dia. 5.6 mm) were subjected for about 10 days to the continuous injection of a NaHCO3-saturated brine at respectively 160°C and 280°C. Petrographic and petrophysical results as well as outlet fluid compositions were compared to numerical batch simulations performed with the PHREEQC open software allowing to reconstruct the mineralogical evolution of both cores. The most striking observation is the fast and dramatic decrease of the permeability for both experiments principally due to the precipitation of carbonates. On the contrary, serpentine was found to be less impacting as it precipitates in low-flow zones, out of the main percolation paths. In total, about 5.6% of the total injected CO2 was retained in the core, at 280°C. In the same time, hydrogen was consistently produced with a total recovered H2 corresponding to 0.8% of the maximum H2 possible. The global behavior of the cores is interpreted as the result from an interplay between interacting spatio-temporal lengthscales controlled by the Damköhler number.
Published: 2022
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19. Water solubility in trachytic and pantelleritic melts: an experimental study

Author: Pierangelo Romano, Silvio G. Rotolo, Joan Andújar, Ida Di Carlo, Romano P, Di Carlo I, Andujar J, Rotolo SG, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisca e Vulcanologia, Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Magma - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), and ANR-11-EQPX-0036,PLANEX,Planète Expérimentation: simulation et analyse in-situ en conditions extrêmes(2011)
Subjects: Materials science, Aqueous solution, Water solubility, 010401 analytical chemistry, Settore GEO/07 - Petrologia E Petrografia, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Trachyte, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemical engineering, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Experiments, Alkaline magmas, Pantellerite, Trachyte, Pantellerite,Water solubility, Experiments, Alkaline magmas, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; Solubility experiments were performed on a trachyte and a pantellerite from Pantelleria. The trachyte has SiO 2 = 65.2 wt%, Al 2 O 3 = 15.2 wt% and a peralkaline index (P.I. = molar[(Na 2 O + K 2 O)/Al 2 O 3 ]) ∼ 1 while the pantellerite has SiO 2 = 72.2 wt%, Al 2 O 3 = 11 wt% and a P.I. = 1.3. Solubility experiments were performed in the pressure range of 50-300 MPa at T = 950°C for the trachyte and 50-200 MPa at T = 850°C for the pantellerite. The water content of experimental glasses was determined by Karl Fischer titration, elemental analyser and FT-IR spectroscopy. Water content appears similar in both compositions for analogous pressure conditions, varying from ∼2.5 wt% at 50 MPa to ∼5.8 at 200 MPa. Comparison of the experimental data with the thermodynamic models shows that the empirical model of Moore et al. [1998] better matches the experimental data for both compositions, while the thermodynamic models of Papale et al. [2006] and Ghiorso and Gualda [2015] tend to overestimate melt water content, probably due to the paucity of peralkaline melt compositions used for calibration. One inference of these new solubility data is on MI-derived depth of felsic reservoirs at Pantelleria which deepens from 2.4 to 3.5 km.
Published: 2022
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20. Cenozoic kinematics of the Wenchuan-Maoxian fault implies crustal stacking rather than channel flow extrusion at the Tibetan plateau eastern margin (Longmen Shan)

Author: Chenglong, G.E., Leloup, Philippe Hervé, Zheng, Yong, Scaillet, Stéphane, Airaghi, Laura, Duval, Florian, Zhang, Jinjiang, Li, Haibing, Key Laboratory of Deep‐Earth Dynamics of Ministry of Natural Resources, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géodynamique - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), the Région Centre grant ARGON, ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), and ANR-11-EQPX-0036,PLANEX,Planète Expérimentation: simulation et analyse in-situ en conditions extrêmes(2011)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract: International audience; This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Published: 2023
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21. 3D Imaging of On-Chip Porous Medium Using X-ray Laminography: Application to Reactive Flow Dissolution at Small Scales

Author: Morais, Sandy, Lecoutre, Carole, Philippot, Gilles, Aubert, Guillaume, Nguyen, Olivier, Cario, Anaïs, Vidal, Emeline, Campbell, Zachary, Garrab, Yves, Azaroual, Mohamed, Helfen, Lukas, Bernard, Dominique, Marre, Samuel, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux Poreux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) for the provision of their synchrotron radiation facilities under the proposal number EV132 for laminography acquisitions on beamline ID19., ANR-12-SEED-0001,CGSµLab,Micro-laboratoires géologiques sur puce pour l'étude des processus clés du transport réactif multiphasique appliqués au stockage géologique du CO2.(2012), and European Project: 725100,Big Mac
Subjects: X-rays laminography, microfluidics, porous medium, reactive fluid flows, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract: International audience; In this study, X-ray laminography is used to monitor the evolution of a model 3D packed bed porous medium on a chip (micromodels) undergoing reactive flows. The obtained 3D images are used to compute the fluid flow patterns and develop insights into dissolution mechanisms. This study is a first proof of concept study, with controlled micromodels, and could later be extended towards deeper understanding of the dissolution and precipitation processes occurring in porous media at the microscale, mechanisms which are relevant to many industrial areas including catalysis, geochemistry, energy, and waste storage in deep geological formations, etc.
Published: 2023
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22. Nature et origine des cuirasses ferrugineuses de la région de Khat Oummat Elbid, Inchiri, Mauritanie

Author: El Ghastalany, Rayane, Branquet, Yannick, Bagga, Mohamed, Taviche, Imad, Wafik, Amina, Ghnahalla, Mohamed, Abdeina, El, Université de Nouakchott Al-Aasriya (UNA), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géodynamique - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Agence Nationale de Recherches Géologiques et du Patrimoine Minier (ANARPAM), Université Cady Ayyad, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), and Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: gossan, Mauritanides septentrionales, mining exploration, northern Mauritanides, ferricrete, exploration minière, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, cuirasses ferrugineuses, ferricrète, iron-rich duricrusts, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, Inchiri
Abstract: International audience; Formed through oxidation of underlying primary sulfide- and/or oxide-bearing mineralization, gossans remain a major metallotect for mineral exploration. The identification of gossans within arid regions with ferruginous regolith of different origins is not easy and requires a good knowledge of these superficial red indurated formations on a regional scale. Following this approach, we studied some ferruginous cuirasses in the Khat Oummat Elbid (KOB) region of Inchiri in Mauritania, a region actively prospected for gold and copper in particular. The KOB zone belongs to the orogenic segment of the northern Mauritanides. Two hills with a quartzite basement and capped with ferruginous duricrust were selected for this study. The good outcrop quality made it possible to study the basement, to realize logs across the duricruts and to sample for petrographic, mineralogical (optical microscopy, SEM, DRX) and geochemical (multi-elementary total rock) analyses. The duricrusts are ferricretes in the strict sense with no direct link to the development of lateritic profiles. The quarzitic basement contributes only by producing a coarse clastic fraction at the base of the ferricretes. The cement of the ferricretes is goethitic at the base in between the quartzite clasts while the top is marked by very fine grain sizes and dominant authigenic processes (nodules and pisolites with cortex of goethite and hematite). From the base to the top of the ferricretes, rounded ilmenite grains accompanied by small quartz grains suggest aeolian transport “sprinkling” this material from external sources. These ferricretes are therefore characterized by significant mechanical and chemical allochthonies, the source of Fe in solution such as grains of ilmenite being difficult to trace with certainty in this region. The comparison with average contents of major and trace elements of gossans, lateritic cuirasses and bog ore shows that whole rock geochemistry can be used to discriminate KOB ferricretes from gossans at first-order, but that databases should be implemented with analyzes of gossans developing above iron-oxides-copper-gold deposits such as those exploited in Inchiri ( e.g. the Guelb-Moghrein deposit, near Akjoujt).; -Les chapeaux de fer (ou gossans) développés à l'aplomb d'une minéralisation sulfurée et/ou oxydée primaire restent un métallotecte majeur pour l'exploration minière. L'identification de gossans au sein de régions arides à régolithe ferrugineux de différentes origines n'est pas aisée et suppose une bonne connaissance de ces formations superficielles indurées rouges à l'échelle régionale. En s'inscrivant dans cette démarche, nous avons étudié certaines cuirasses ferrugineuses de la région de Khat Oummat Elbid (KOB) d'Inchiri en Mauritanie, région activement prospectée pour l'or et le cuivre en particulier. La zone de KOB appartient au segment orogénique des Mauritanides septentrionales. Deux collines à socle de quartzite et coiffées de cuirasses ferrugineuses ont été sélectionnées pour cette étude. Les campagnes de terrain ont permis d'étudier le socle, de lever des logs dans les cuirasses et d'échantillonner pour des analyses pétrographiques, minéralogiques (microscopie optique, MEB, DRX) et géochimiques (multi-élémentaire roches totales). Il apparaît que les cuirasses étudiées sont des ferricrètes au sens strict sans lien direct avec le développement de profils latéritiques. Le socle quartzitique contribue uniquement en produisant une fraction clastique grossière à la base des ferricrètes. Le ciment des ferricrètes est goethitique à la base entre les clastes de quartzite tandis que le sommet est marqué par des granulométries très fines et des processus authigéniques dominants (nodules et pisolithes à cortex de goethite et hématite). De la base au sommet des ferricrètes, des grains d'ilménite arrondis accompagnés de grains de quartz de petite taille suggèrent un transport éolien « saupoudrant » ce matériel depuis des sources externes. Ces ferricrètes sont donc caractérisés par des allochtonies mécaniques et chimiques importantes, la source du Fe en solution comme des grains d'ilménite étant difficilement traçable avec certitude dans cette région. La comparaison avec des teneurs moyennes en éléments majeurs et traces de gossans, cuirasses latéritiques et minerai de Fe des tourbières (« bog ore ») montre que la géochimie en roche totale est utilisable pour discriminer les ferricrètes de KOB des gossans au premier ordre, mais qu'il convient d'implémenter les bases de données avec des analyses de gossans se développant au-dessus de gisements de type iron-oxides-copper-gold deposits comme ceux exploités en Inchiri (e.g. gisement de Guelb-Moghrein, près d'Akjoujt).
Published: 2023
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23. Analytical performances of the LAb-CosmOrbitrap mass spectrometer for astrobiology

Author: L. Selliez, C. Briois, N. Carrasco, L. Thirkell, B. Gaubicher, J.-P. Lebreton, F. Colin, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNES (Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales), Région Centre-Val de Loire, and European Project: 636829,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,PRIMCHEM(2015)
Subjects: Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Astronomy and Astrophysics
Abstract: International audience; A new generation of High Resolution Mass Spectrometers (HRMS) for space exploration is being developed for several years to augment significantly the analytical performances of these instruments in extraterrestrial environments. To this day, in-flight instruments have shown mass resolving powers up to 9000 at Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) (Balsiger et al., 2007). Future instruments aim at reaching mass resolutions of a few tens of thousands to more than one hundred thousand in a mass range of a few thousands. In this frame, this paper presents results of the LAb-CosmOrbitrap, a high resolution mass spectrometer challenging to couple a laser ionization system with an Orbitrap™ cell. The mass analyzer called CosmOrbitrap is involved in a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) development. Tests have been conducted on three organic compounds to prove the relevance of this simple instrument configuration for astrobiology through a successful repeatability study in which a few tens to hundreds mass spectra have been analyzed.
Published: 2023
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24. How greisenization could trigger the formation of large vein-and-greisen Sn-W deposits: a numerical investigation applied to the Panasqueira deposit

Author: Gaëtan Launay, Yannick Branquet, Stanislas Sizaret, Laurent Guillou-Frottier, Eric Gloaguen, Laurentian University, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Métallogénie - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Région Centre, BRGM, ANR-14-EMIN-0001,NewOreS,Development of New models for the genesis of Rare Metal (W, Nb, Ta, Li) Ore deposits from the European Variscan Belt and valorization of low grade and fine grained ore and mine tailings(2014), and ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010)
Subjects: Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Economic Geology, Geology, Ore Geology Reviews
Abstract: International audience; The formation of large tin-tungsten (Sn-W) deposits around granitic intrusions requires the circulation of large volumes of fluids within permeable structures. Half of the world’s tungsten production originates from highly mineralized veins above granitic intrusions and from the altered part of the granite (the greisen), whose formation results from intense fluid-rock interactions. During greisenization processes, mineral reactions involve a decrease in the rock volume and thus an increase in porosity and permeability. To understand the complex fluid-rock interactions leading to the formation of large Sn-W ore deposits, we conducted numerical modeling accounting for magmatic fluid production and realistic permeability changes due to granite alteration and overpressure in the hosting rocks. The water/rock ratio is computed to constrain the rate of greisenization and therefore the porosity and permeability evolution laws. Four model results are presented: with and without fluid production exsolved from the granitic magma, and with and without dynamic reaction-enhanced permeability. The formation of greisen is reproduced, and greisen thickness reaches 200 m for the more sophisticated model. The interplay between greisenization and fluid production creates zones of overpressure above the granite that could localize the permeable structures such as the veins swarm observed at Panasqueira. Dynamic permeability promotes high fluid velocity and intense fluid-rock exchanges that could result in the formation of large ore deposits by enhancing mass transfer within and above granitic intrusions.
Published: 2023
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25. Origin and fate of dissolved inorganic carbon in a karst groundwater fed peatland using δ13CDIC

Author: Alexandre Lhosmot, Marc Steinmann, Philippe Binet, Laure Gandois, Jean-Sébastien Moquet, Vanessa Stefani, Marie-Laure Toussaint, Anne Boetsch, Christophe Loup, Valentin Essert, Guillaume Bertrand, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Bourgogne Franche-Comté Region (CRITICAL PEAT project, Acceuil de Nouvelle Equipe de Recherche Agreement n°2019-Y09069), and SNO Tourbières
Subjects: Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geology, Peatland Carbon-13 Jura Mountains, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; Continental hydrosystems and in particular peatlands play an important role in the carbon cycle of the Critical Zone (CZ). Peatlands are important sinks for organic carbon and have therefore been extensively studied. However, peatlands are not only important for the fate of organic carbon, but they also affect the cycle of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) of the peatland and the surrounding watershed. The fate of DIC is particularly complex in peatlands in limestone-dominated regions, because bicarbonate concentrations in surface and groundwater are high and the interaction between peatlands and surrounding hydrosystems are facilitated by the presence of highly permeable karst aquifers. In the present paper we study the origin and the fractionation of DIC in a peatland located on top of a karst aquifer. The study is based on hydrochemical and isotopic (δ13CDIC) data from samples recovered during 2 campaigns (low flow, high flow) at various depths within the Forbonnet peatland (Jura Mountains, eastern France), at the peatland outlet and at adjacent karst springs representing the underlying aquifer. In order to evaluate secondary fractionation processes, the measured δ13CDIC compositions were compared to modeled values considering the origin of DIC and potentially associated fractionation and speciation processes. The main results are: (1) DIC is lost at the bog surface by CO2 outgassing. (2) The δ13CDIC compositions of deep catotelm pore waters from the bog were much heavier than the modeled values. We relate this discrepancy to methanogenesis and show that this process is favored by reduced conditions at pH ~ 6 and a HCO3 − content of ~1 mmol/L, most probably due to punctual groundwater inflows at the base of the bog. Finally, contrasted δ13CDIC compositions between the bog and the fen of the peatland reveal an additional ecohydrological control on DIC speciation.
Published: 2023
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26. Driving forces of Ce(III) oxidation to Ce(IV) onto goethite

Author: G. Ratié, K. Zhang, M. Iqbal, D. Vantelon, F. Mahé, C. Rivard, M. Komárek, M. Bouhnik-Le Coz, A. Dia, K. Hanna, M. Davranche, R. Marsac, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bremen, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CNRS NEEDS project 'PREDIRPLUCE', Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague (Grant n° IGA FŽP 2020B0025), ANR-18-CE01-0008,C-FACTOR,Le devenir des contaminants est contrôlé par la spéciation de la matière organique colloïdale(2018), ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), ANR-11-LABX-0020,LEBESGUE,Centre de Mathématiques Henri Lebesgue : fondements, interactions, applications et Formation(2011), and European Project: 857989,PANORAMA ITN
Subjects: Redox, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, XANES Ce LIII-edge, Speciation modeling, Geology, Cerium, Goethit, e Adsorption isotherms
Abstract: International audience; Iron (Fe) oxyhydroxides are major phases that may control the cerium (Ce) behavior in the Earth's Critical Zone. However, understanding Ce behavior with Fe oxyhydroxides remains uncompleted. Especially, if thermodynamic calculations suggest that Fe(III) is not a sufficiently strong oxidant, several studies reported the presence of Ce(IV) onto Fe oxyhydroxides. In this study, multiple approaches, including modeling and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, deciphered the driving forces of Ce(III) oxidation to Ce(IV) onto goethite. Results showed that oxidized Ce occurred onto goethite with a Ce(III)/Ce(IV) ratio depending on the Ce concentration in the solution ([Ce]tot). The percentage of Ce(IV) onto goethite ranged from 20% to 50%, linearly increasing with [Ce]tot. Comparable observation with a redox-inert Al-hydroxide (gibbsite), allowed to rule out the importance of Fe(III) redox reactivity as the main driver of Ce(III) oxidation. Instead, thermodynamic calculations suggested that surface precipitation of Ce(IV)-hydroxides, whose formation is favored with increasing [Ce]tot, was an important driving force of the redox reaction. Because the goethite surface seemed to stabilize more strongly Ce(IV) than Ce(III) surface species than does gibbsite, differences in binding mechanisms of Ce(III) and Ce(IV) onto different mineral surfaces have been suggested to play a role on Ce redox speciation.
Published: 2023
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27. Bioturbation as a means to circumvent sodium limitation by termites? Suspected processes and ecological consequences

Author: Jouquet, Pascal, Bruand, Ary, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), WAE Research Unit, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC)
Subjects: Tropical soils, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], soil fertility, clay, 2:1 clay minerals, Tropical soils clay 2:1 clay minerals soil fertility
Abstract: International audience; Bioturbation by termites is considered a key process in the regulation of soil properties in tropical soils. The concentration of clay and the presence of 2:1 clay minerals in termite-soil are usually explained by the need of termites to build stable biogenic structures and/or to have access to water only available in the lower soil layers. However, while these hypotheses are attractive, they do not always offer a sufficient explanation for understanding termite bioturbation behavior. Here, we used ecological stoichiometry theory to propose a third hypothesis: that bioturbation can also be explained by the limitation of termites for Na +. This chemical element is missing from the vegetation consumed by termites, while it plays an important role in the regulation of termites' physiological processes. In old and highly weathered soils, such as those found in the tropics, a significant source of Na + for termites likely comes from 2:1 minerals, which are only available in the deeper soil layers. Therefore, this article aims to propose the hypothesis of the use of bioturbation by termites as a means to fulfil their need for Na +. The impacts of this ecological process on ecosystem functioning and soil fertility are discussed.
Published: 2023
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28. A broad-band radio study of PSR J0250+5854

Author: Chun-sheng Zhang, C.H. Agar, A. Loh, V. I. Kondratiev, J. Künsemöller, Benjamin Stappers, J.N. Girard, Jason W. T. Hessels, Aris Karastergiou, L. Bondonneau, Baptiste Cecconi, Jean-Mathias Grießmeier, Charlotte Sobey, C.M. Tan, Di Li, Patrick Weltevrede, B. Peng, Michael Keith, H.G. Wang, Gilles Theureau, W.J. Huang, Philippe Zarka, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, Polarimetry, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, polarisation, magnetars, Magnetar, 01 natural sciences, neutron stars, stars: neutron, stars: magnetars, Pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, polarization, pulsars: individual: PSR J0250+5854, education.field_of_study, Spectral index, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Conjunction (astronomy), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, LOFAR, Polarization (waves), PSR J0250+5854, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, pulsars, broadband, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: We present radio observations of the most slowly rotating known radio pulsar PSR J0250+5854. With a 23.5 s period, it is close, or even beyond, the $P$-$\dot{P}$ diagram region thought to be occupied by active pulsars. The simultaneous observations with FAST, the Chilbolton and Effelsberg LOFAR international stations, and NenuFAR represent a five-fold increase in the spectral coverage of this object, with the detections at 1250 MHz (FAST) and 57 MHz (NenuFAR) being the highest- and lowest-frequency published respectively to date. We measure a flux density of $4\pm2$ $\mu$Jy at 1250 MHz and an exceptionally steep spectral index of $-3.5^{+0.2}_{-1.5}$, with a turnover below $\sim$95 MHz. In conjunction with observations of this pulsar with the GBT and the LOFAR Core, we show that the intrinsic profile width increases drastically towards higher frequencies, contrary to the predictions of conventional radius-to-frequency mapping. We examine polarimetric data from FAST and the LOFAR Core and conclude that its polar cap radio emission is produced at an absolute height of several hundreds of kilometres around 1.5 GHz, similar to other rotation-powered pulsars across the population. Its beam is significantly underfilled at lower frequencies, or it narrows because of the disappearance of conal outriders. Finally, the results for PSR J0250+5854 and other slowly spinning rotation-powered pulsars are contrasted with the radio-detected magnetars. We conclude that magnetars have intrinsically wider radio beams than the slow rotation-powered pulsars, and that consequently the latter's lower beaming fraction is what makes objects such as PSR J0250+5854 so scarce., Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2021
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29. Zinc isotopic fractionation between aqueous fluids and silicate magmas: An experimental study

Author: Fei Wu, Fang Huang, Haihao Guo, Ying Xia, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Magma - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Bayerisches Geoinstitut (BGI), Universität Bayreuth, CAS Key Laboratory of Crust–Mantle Materials and Environments [Hefei], School of Earth and Space Sciences [Hefei], University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources [Wuhan] (GPMR), and China University of Geosciences [Wuhan] (CUG)
Subjects: Incompatible element, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Inorganic chemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Fractionation, Zinc, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Silicate, Equilibrium fractionation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Igneous rock, Isotope fractionation, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Igneous differentiation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Fluids in magmas play a key role in magma differentiation and transportation of economic metals for ore deposits. As a chalcophile and incompatible element, zinc and its isotopes have been increasingly applied to study the magmatic-hydrothermal processes. However, zinc isotopic fractionation between aqueous fluids and magmas has not been well constrained. Here we experimentally determined equilibrium fractionation factors of Zn isotopes between aqueous fluids and silicate magmas (Δ66Znfluid-magma= δ66Znfluid - δ66Znmagma). The results reveal that aqueous fluids are isotopically heavier than the coexisting silicate magmas. No correlation between Δ66Znfluid-magma and temperature or chlorine contents in fluids is observed under our experimental conditions. Instead, Δ66Znfluid-magma is negatively corresponded with NBO/T of the melt (the ratio of non-bridge oxygen and tetrahedron ions), and positively correlated with the molar ratio of Al/(0.5K+Ca+Fe) in the bulk magmas, suggesting the controlling of silicate composition on Zn isotope fractionation. Our data therefore indicate that the isotopically heavier Zn in the fluids exsolved from magmas may account for the higher δ66Zn of pegmatites and high-silica granitic rocks. Moreover, involvement of magmatic fluids can explain the highly variable and remarkably heavier Zn isotopic signatures of fumaroles, thermal spring waters, and seafloor hydrothermal fluids compared to the igneous rocks. This study provides information that can be used to guide research using Zn isotopes to trace fluid activity and magmatism.
Published: 2021
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30. Biotic and Abiotic Control Over Diurnal CH4 Fluxes in a Temperate Transitional Poor Fen Ecosystem

Author: Alexandre Lhosmot, Adrien Jacotot, Marc Steinmann, Philippe Binet, Marie-Laure Toussaint, Sébastien Gogo, Daniel Gilbert, Sarah Coffinet, Fatima Laggoun-Deffarge, Guillaume Bertrand, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Federal University of Paraíba, Joao Pessoa, 58051-900, Brazil
Subjects: Ecology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Environmental Chemistry, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022
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31. Defect-Controlled 40 Ar Diffusion-Domain Structure of White Micas from High-resolution 40 Ar/ 39 Ar Crystal-Mapping in Slowly-Cooled Muscovite

Author: Nteme, Jehiel, Scaillet, Stéphane, Gardés, Emmanuel, Duval, Florian, Nabelek, Peter, Mottolese, Angelo, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géodynamique - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Missouri [Columbia] (Mizzou), University of Missouri System, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de Zaragossa, ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), and ANR-11-EQPX-0036,PLANEX,Planète Expérimentation: simulation et analyse in-situ en conditions extrêmes(2011)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract: International audience; Using target-matching techniques combining Ar/Ar crystal-mapping with elemental mapping and high-resolution electron microscopy, this study investigates the Ar behavior in very-slowly cooled muscovite from the Harney Peak Granite (HPG, South Dakota, USA). Detailed age mapping along (001) in single crystals from different localities of the HPG documents age gradients in excess of 300400 m.y., with conspicuous internal Ar/Ar zoning. This suggests (001) layer-parallel Ar transport driven by diffusion, consistent with previous Ar/Ar crystal-mapping studies. The age distribution pattern is complex, however, and defines a mosaic of sub-grain domains with more retentive core zones, broadly 250300 m across, separated by zones of high diffusivity varying in shape and extent. The maximum ages preserved in the core domains are independent of their size but vary linearly with the bulk areal extent of the peripheral (or surrounding) high-diffusivity zones. Spatial Ar/Ar relationships inside each grain point to a mechanism of multipath continuum-diffusion interaction between subdomains across the whole crystal, rather than via discrete non-interracting domains such as in K-feldspars. A close spatial correlation exists between younger ages, Na-depleted (K-enriched) zones, and density of microstructural defects. These defects, identified as lenticular voids and basal partings ( 100 nmlong), are developed in response to inward K Na interdiffusion during late-magmatic stages, in the absence of deformation. Coupled variations in density of microstructural defects and NaK interchange are inferred to control the bulk diffusion-domain structure of HPG muscovite. Quantitative diffusion modeling of coupled compositionaldefectisotopic variations indicates that Ar diffusivity may be enhanced by up to six orders of magnitude in defect-controlled high-diffusivity zones relative to less defective (pristine) domains. On the other hand, empirical diffusivity estimates required to preserve the core ages are commensurate with diffusion estimates independently derived from recent atomistic simulations.
Published: 2022
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32. Deformation-enhanced diagenesis and bacterial proliferation in the Nankai accretionary prism

Author: Hugues Raimbourg, Anne-Marie Boullier, Vincent Famin, Muriel Andreani, Université de La Réunion (UR), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géodynamique - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire GéoSciences Réunion (LGSR), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), and Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)
Subjects: Accretionary wedge, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Soil Science, Deformation (meteorology), engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Pore water pressure, Geochemistry and Petrology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, QE1-996.5, Paleontology, Geology, QE640-699, Diagenesis, Geophysics, Illite, engineering, Deformation bands, Pyrite, Shear zone
Abstract: Understanding diagenetic reactions in accreted sediments is critical for establishing the balance of fluid sources and sinks in accretionary prisms, which is in turn important for assessing the fluid pressure field and the ability for faults to host seismic slip. For this reason, we studied diagenetic reactions in deformation bands (shear zones and veins) within deep mud sediments from the Nankai accretionary prism (SW Japan) drilled at site C0001 during IODP Expedition 315, by means of microscopic observation, X-ray diffraction, and major- and trace-element analyses. Deformation bands are not only more compacted than the host sediment but are also enriched in framboidal pyrite, as observed under microscopy and confirmed by chalcophile-element enrichments (Fe, S, Cu, As, Sb, Pb). In tandem, one shear zone sample displays a destabilization of smectite or illite–smectite mixed layers and a slight crystallization of illite relative to its sediment matrix, and another sample shows correlated increases in B and Li in shear zones and veins compared to the host sediment, both effects suggesting a transformation of smectite into illite in deformation bands. The two diagenetic reactions of sulfide precipitation and smectite-to-illite transformation are explained by a combined action of sulfate-reducing and methanogen bacteria, which strongly suggests an increased activity of anaerobic microbial communities localized in deformation bands. This local bacterial proliferation was possibly enhanced by the liberation of hydrogen from strained phyllosilicates. We suggest that the proliferation of anoxic bacteria, boosted by deformation, may contribute to the pore water freshening observed at depth in accretionary prisms. Deformation-enhanced metabolic reactions may also explain the illitization observed in major faults of accretionary prisms. Care is therefore needed before interpreting illitization, and other diagenetic reactions as well, as evidence of shear heating, as these might be biogenic instead of thermogenic.
Published: 2021
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33. Diversity of supergene gold expressions and implications for gold targetting in an equatorial regolith (AMG's Couriège Exploration Prospect, French Guiana)

Author: Anne-Sylvie André-Mayer, Arnauld Heuret, Yoram Teitler, Vincent Combes, Michel Cathelineau, Pierre Gibert, Aurélien Eglinger, Anthony Pochon, GeoRessources, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Guyane à Cayenne, France, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Magma - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), and Auplata Mining Group (AMG)
Subjects: Supergene (geology), supergene, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Ocean Engineering, Weathering, Context (language use), engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Pediment, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Geology, gold, Saprolite, Regolith, French Guiana, saprolite, Pedogenesis, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], weathering, engineering, Pyrite, transported cover
Abstract: The Couriège prospect (French Guiana) provides key examples of the diversity of gold distribution related to supergene processes. The nature of gold in two contrasted weathering profiles is examined as a function of the weathering lithofacies. The autochthonous profile hosts weathered Au-bearing quartz veins whereas the pediment profile is enriched in free gold issued from dismantled gold-bearing quartz veins. The gold distribution is controlled by: (1) the preservation of primary gold as free gold in both transported and autochthonous horizons and as electrum inclusions in detrital pyrite; and (2) the formation of secondary gold through dissolution/precipitation processes, expressed as gold spherulites on the free gold grain surface, an Ag-depleted rim around transported free gold grains and Ag-depleted gold micro-inclusions hosted by oxidized autochthonous pyrite. Gold enrichment through supergene chemical processes remains limited within the truncated autochthonous profile. A new conceptual model is proposed for the area, defining the role of chemical and physical processes in gold endowment and accounting for the geomorphological context. The overall evolution includes (1) deep weathering and peneplenation, (2) dismantlement and transport of lateritic material and (3) the development of a latosol cover. This study highlights that gold exploration in tropical environments must consider the residual v. transported nature and the inheritance of targeted pedogenic horizons.
Published: 2021
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34. Uncertainty propagation in pore water chemical composition calculation using surrogate models

Author: Pierre Sochala, Christophe Chiaberge, Francis Claret, Christophe Tournassat, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Laboratoire de Détection et de Géophysique (CEA) (LDG), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), and ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010)
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, Theoretical, Models, Cations, Radioactive Waste, Uncertainty, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Water, Clay, Geology, Models, Theoretical
Abstract: Performance assessment in deep geological nuclear waste repository systems necessitates an extended knowledge of the pore water chemical conditions prevailing in host-rock formations. In the last two decades, important progress has been made in the experimental characterization and thermodynamic modeling of pore water speciation, but the influence of experimental artifacts and uncertainties of thermodynamic input parameters are seldom evaluated. In this respect, we conducted an uncertainty propagation study in a reference geochemical model describing the pore water chemistry of the Callovian-Oxfordian clay formation. Nineteen model input parameters were perturbed, including those associated to experimental characterization (leached anions, exchanged cations, cation exchange selectivity coefficients) and those associated to generic thermodynamic databases (solubilities). A set of 13 quantities of interest were studied by the use of polynomial chaos expansions built non-intrusively with a least-squares forward stepwise regression approach. Training and validation sets of simulations were carried out using the geochemical speciation code PHREEQC. The statistical results explored the marginal distribution of each quantity of interest, their bivariate correlations as well as their global sensitivity indices. The influence of the assumed distributions for input parameters uncertainties was evaluated by considering two parametric domain sizes.
Published: 2022
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35. Monitoring unsaturated water flow using magnetic resonance soundings

Author: Legchenko Anatoly, Baltassat Jean-Michel, Abbas Mohamad, Isch Arnaud, Amraoui Nadia, Azaroual Mohamed, Deparis Jacques, Ryckebusch Clemence, Kessouri Pauline, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux Poreux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), O-ZNS project, PIVOTS project, Région Centre-Val de Loire (ARD 2020 program and CPER 2015 -2020), and ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010)
Subjects: MRS, O-ZNS observatory, time-lapse, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, limestone, Water Science and Technology, unsaturated water flow, Villamblain
Abstract: International audience; We present an innovative hydrogeophysical approach for non-invasive quantification of the unsaturated water flow. For the water content measurements, we apply the Magnetic Resonance Sounding (MRS) method in the time-lapse mode. For inversion of MRS measurements, we approximate the subsurface by a horizontally stratified media. Laterally, the MRS estimated water content is averaged over the area below the measuring setup. During this study, we used a square loop of 75 m side-length. The time-lapse inversion allows visualizing variations in the water content in the vadose zone down to twenty meters. We tested our approach at the Villamblain test site (France). For that, we carried out the MRS monitoring in 1999–2000 and 2020–2021. During these two observation windows, MRS shows seasonal variations of the water content but also a strong dependence of the water content on the rainfall that was different between two data sets. Comparison of MRS results with the rainfall records shows a good correspondence in-between. For measuring and processing MRS data, we used commercially available MRS instrument and interpretation software.
Published: 2022
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36. A New Alpine Metallogenic Model for the Pb-Ag Orogenic Deposits of Macôt-la Plagne and Peisey-Nancroix (Western Alps, France)

Author: Bertauts, Maxime, Janots, Emilie, Rossi, Magali, Duhamel-Achin, Isabelle, Boiron, Marie-Christine, Airaghi, Laura, Lanari, Pierre, Lach, Philippe, Peiffert, Chantal, Magnin, Valérie, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), GeoRessources, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géodynamique - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institute of Geological Sciences [Bern], University of Bern, TelluS Program of CNRS/INSU, and ANR-10-LABX-0056,OSUG@2020,Innovative strategies for observing and modelling natural systems(2010)
Subjects: trace elements in sulfides, chlorite–phengite thermobarometry, U-Th-Pb geochronology, Pb-Ag orogenic deposits, Western Alps, 550 Earth sciences & geology, Briançonnais, hydrothermal circulation, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, syn-tectonic mineralization
Abstract: Understanding mass transfer associated with fluids circulation and deformation in the Alpine orogeny is often complex due to common multistage crystallization. For example, in two emblematic and historic Pb-Ag deposits of the French Alps, Macôt-la Plagne (MP) and Peisey-Nancroix (PN), a sedimentary or orogenic origin is still debated. To discriminate between the metallogenic models of the two deposits, an integrative methodology combining field, microstructural, mineralogical, thermobarometrical, and geochronological data was here applied for establishing detailed Pressure–Temperature–Time–Deformation (P-T-t-d) mineralization conditions. Both deposits are located in Permo-Triassic quartzite of the External Briançonnais domain along the Internal Briançonnais Front (Internal Western Alps). The ore mainly occurs as veins and disseminated textures containing galena, pyrite, and variable content of tetrahedrite–tennantite and chalcopyrite. Quartz porphyroclasts and sulfide microstructures indicate a dynamic recrystallization of the quartzite during the main fluid mineralization episode. Chlorites and K-white micas (phengite) chemical analysis and thermodynamic modeling from compositional maps indicate an onset of the mineralization at 280 °C, with a main precipitation stage at 315 ± 35 °C and 6.25 ± 0.75 kbar. In situ U-Pb dating on monazite, cogenetic with sulfides, gives ages around 35 Ma for both deposits. The integrative dataset converges for a cogenetic MP-PN Alpine Pb-Ag mineralization during deformation in relation to the thrusting of the “Nappe des Gypses” and the Internal Briançonnais at the metamorphic peak.
Published: 2022
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37. Modest volcanic SO2 emissions from the Indonesian archipelago

Author: Philipson Bani, Clive Oppenheimer, Vitchko Tsanev, Bruno Scaillet, Sofyan Primulyana, Ugan Boyson Saing, Hilma Alfianti, Mita Marlia, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géodynamique - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), ANR-12-BS06-0012,DOMERAPI,Dynamique d'un volcan d'arc à dômes de lave, le Merapi (Indonésie) : du réservoir magmatique aux processus éruptifs(2012), ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Bani, Philipson [0000-0002-1041-2071], Oppenheimer, Clive [0000-0003-4506-7260], Scaillet, Bruno [0000-0003-1561-0226], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, 704/2151/598, 134, article, General Physics and Astronomy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 37 Earth Sciences, 3705 Geology, General Chemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 3703 Geochemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, 704/2151/209, 3706 Geophysics
Abstract: Indonesia hosts the largest number of active volcanoes, several of which are renowned for climate-changing historical eruptions. This pedigree might suggest a substantial fraction of global volcanic sulfur emissions from Indonesia and are intrinsically driven by sulfur-rich magmas. However, a paucity of observations has hampered evaluation of these points—many volcanoes have hitherto not been subject to emissions measurements. Here we report new gas measurements from Indonesian volcanoes. The combined SO2 output amounts to 1.15 ± 0.48 Tg/yr. We estimate an additional time-averaged SO2 yield of 0.12-0.54 Tg/yr for explosive eruptions, indicating a total SO2 inventory of 1.27-1.69 Tg/yr for Indonesian. This is comparatively modest—individual volcanoes such as Etna have sustained higher fluxes. To understand this paradox, we compare the geodynamic, petrologic, magma dynamical and shallow magmatic-hydrothermal processes that influence the sulfur transfer to the atmosphere. Results reinforce the idea that sulfur-rich eruptions reflect long-term accumulation of volatiles in the reservoirs.
Published: 2022
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38. LoopStructural 1.0: time-aware geological modelling

Author: Gautier Laurent, Laurent Ailleres, Mark Jessell, Lachlan Grose, Monash University [Melbourne], Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Métallogénie - UMR7327, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC)
Subjects: Polynomial regression, Surface (mathematics), QE1-996.5, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, NumPy, Frame (networking), Geology, Python (programming language), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Fault (power engineering), 01 natural sciences, Computational science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Proof of concept, computer, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, computer.programming_language, Interpolation
Abstract: In this contribution we introduce LoopStructural, a new open-source 3D geological modelling Python package (http://www.github.com/Loop3d/LoopStructural, last access: 15 June 2021). LoopStructural provides a generic API for 3D geological modelling applications harnessing the core Python scientific libraries pandas, numpy and scipy. Six different interpolation algorithms, including three discrete interpolators and 3 polynomial trend interpolators, can be used from the same model design. This means that different interpolation algorithms can be mixed and matched within a geological model allowing for different geological objects, e.g. different conformable foliations, fault surfaces and unconformities to be modelled using different algorithms. Geological features are incorporated into the model using a time-aware approach, where the most recent features are modelled first and used to constrain the geometries of the older features. For example, we use a fault frame for characterising the geometry of the fault surface and apply each fault sequentially to the faulted surfaces. In this contribution we use LoopStructural to produce synthetic proof of concepts models and a 86 km × 52 km model of the Flinders Ranges in South Australia using map2loop.
Published: 2021
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39. Determinism of nonadditive litter mixture effect on decomposition: Role of the moisture content of litters

Author: Fabien Leroy, Sébastien Gogo, Renata Zocatelli, Fatima Laggoun-Défarge, Adrien Jacotot, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PIVOTS (ARD 2020, CPER, FEDER), Service National d'Observation Tourbières (French Peatland Observatory), accredited by the INSU/CNRS, and ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Litter (animal), Biomass, Context (language use), litter decomposition, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Decomposer, Nutrient, Sphagnum, Ecosystem, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, QH540-549.5, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Original Research, nonadditive effect, Ecology, Chemistry, Soil organic matter, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Decomposition, Agronomy, Molinia caerulea, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, litter water content, peatland
Abstract: The mechanisms behind the plant litter mixture effect on decomposition are still difficult to disentangle. To tackle this issue, we used a model that specifically addresses the role of the litter moisture content. Our model predicts that when two litters interact in terms of water flow, the difference of evaporation rate between two litters can trigger a nonadditive mixture effect on decomposition. Water flows from the wettest to the driest litter, changing the reaction rates without changing the overall litter water content. The reaction rate of the litter receiving the water increases relatively more than the decrease in the reaction rate of the litter supplying the water, leading to a synergistic effect. Such water flow can keep the microbial biomass of both litter in a water content domain suitable to maintain decomposition activity. When applied to experimental data (Sphagnum rubellum and Molinia caerulea litters), the model is able to assess whether any nonadditive effect originates from water content variation alone or whether other factors have to be taken into account., The mechanisms behind the plant litter mixture effect on decomposition are still difficult to disentangle. The model proposed in this article predicts that when two litters interact in terms of water flow, the difference of evaporation rate between two litters can trigger a nonadditive mixture effect on decomposition. Water flows from the wettest to the driest litter, changing the reaction rates without changing the overall litter water content.
Published: 2021
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40. Pore-Scale Imaging and Modelling of Reactive Flow in Evolving Porous Media: Tracking the Dynamics of the Fluid–Rock Interface

Author: Cyprien Soulaine, Catherine Noiriel, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux Poreux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), ANR-19-CE05-0002,FraMatI,Modélisation micro-échelle des intéractions fracture-matrice en régime multiphasique réactif(2019), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC)
Subjects: Interface (Java), General Chemical Engineering, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Flow (psychology), Reactive flow, Aquifer, 02 engineering and technology, Surface finish, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Fluid–rock interface, X-ray micro-tomography, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Carbonate dissolution, Mineral reactivity, Fluid–mineral interface, Pore-scale imaging, Porosity, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Rock microstructure, Pore-scale modelling, Darcy–Brinkman model, geography, Hydrogeology, geography.geographical_feature_category, Mechanics, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, 020801 environmental engineering, 13. Climate action, Porous medium, Digital rock physics, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Fluid–mineral and fluid–rock interfaces are key parameters controlling the reactivity and fate of fluids in reservoir rocks and aquifers. The interface dynamics through space and time results from complex processes involving a tight coupling between chemical reactions and transport of species as well as a strong dependence on the physical, chemical, mineralogical and structural properties of the reacting solid phases. In this article, we review the recent advances in pore-scale imaging and reactive flow modelling applied to interface dynamics. Digital rocks derived from time-lapse X-ray micro-tomography imaging gives unprecedented opportunity to track the interface evolution during reactive flow experiments in porous or fractured media, and evaluate locally mineral reactivity. The recent improvements in pore-scale reactive transport modelling allow for a fine description of flow and transport that integrates moving fluid–mineral interfaces inherent to chemical reactions. Combined with three-dimensional digital images, pore-scale reactive transport modelling complements and augments laboratory experiments. The most advanced multi-scale models integrate sub-voxel porosity and processes which relate to imaging instrument resolution and improve upscaling possibilities. Two example applications based on the solver porousMedia4Foam illustrate the dynamics of the interface for different transport regimes (i.e., diffusive- to advective-dominant) and rock matrix properties (i.e., permeable vs. impermeable, and homogeneous vs. polymineralic). These parameters affect both the interface roughness and its geometry evolution, from sharp front to smeared (i.e., diffuse) interface. The paper concludes by discussing the challenges associated with precipitation processes in porous media, rock texture and composition (i.e., physical and mineralogical heterogeneity), and upscaling to larger scales.
Published: 2021
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41. Quartz Stressing and Fracturing by Pore Pressure Dropping Down to Negative Pressure

Author: Lionel Mercury, Aurélien Canizares, Claudie Hulin, Kirill I. Shmulovich, Hugues Raimbourg, Isabelle Bergonzi, Emmanuel de Bilbao, Patrick Simon, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Milieux Poreux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Université d'Orléans (UO), Geophysical Center of Russian Academy of Sciences (GC), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), ANR-11-EQPX-0036,PLANEX,Planète Expérimentation: simulation et analyse in-situ en conditions extrêmes(2011), and ANR-10-BLAN-0610,ConGé,Confinement géochimique de solutions aqueuses et transitions de phase dans les milieux finement poreux(2010)
Subjects: Raman scattering, Atmospheric Science, Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Deformation (mechanics), Capillary action, Micromechanics, Metrics & More Article Recommendations tensile strength, pore rock damage, quartz weakening, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, storage safety, Stress field, Stress (mechanics), Pore water pressure, fluid inclusions, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Tension (geology), Fracture (geology), Composite material, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; In water-bearing porous rocks, pore pressure variations play a major role in deformation, through dissolution−precipitation and fracturing processes. An often-overlooked variation where pressure falls to negative pressure or tension can operate whenever aquifer formations dry out, for instance, in deep storage (nuclear or industrial wastes, long-term CO 2 mitigation, short-term energetic resources, etc.). This can generate capillary tension within the aquifers. This study investigates the mechanical effect of such in-pore tension in the surrounding crystal field, through laboratory experiments at the one-pore scale. Microthermometric procedures were carried out on synthetic fluid inclusions to generate large tensile stress and were combined with Raman microspectrometry to visualize the resulting stress fields in the host quartz. For comparison, we numerically modeled the stress field by linear elasticity theory. The experiments demonstrate that significant damage is produced in crystalline materials by the pore tension. Despite the induced stress measured by micro-Raman spectrometry to remain moderate, it is able to fracture the quartz. The volume of the cavity is a prominent controlling parameter for the stress amplitude. The crystalline heterogeneities of the solid are another major parameter for localizing the mean weak stress and accumulating overstress. Our results call for bringing pore-scale micromechanics into the safety assessment of the geological storage of various wastes inside depleted aquifers. They also show the magnifying effect of heterogeneities on propagating stress and localizing it along certain directions, promoting the final failure of water-bearing minerals, rocks, or pore networks.
Published: 2021
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42. Evidence for Strong HONO Emission from Fertilized Agricultural Fields and its Remarkable Impact on Regional O3 Pollution in the Summer North China Plain

Author: Chaoyang Xue, Rongrong Gu, Abdelwahid Mellouki, Junling An, Can Ye, Xiaoxi Zhao, Maofa Ge, Pengfei Liu, Chenglong Zhang, W. Zhang, Likun Xue, Yangang Ren, Jingwei Zhang, Shengrui Tong, Yujing Mu, Zhuobiao Ma, Gisèle Krysztofiak, Valéry Catoire, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes (INSIS), PIVOTS project provided by the Région Centre − Val de Loire (ARD 2020 program and CPER 2015−2020), and ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010)
Subjects: Pollution, Atmospheric Science, Daytime, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Emission flux, media_common.quotation_subject, North china, O3, emission flux, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Human fertilization, Geochemistry and Petrology, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Air quality index, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, HONO, business.industry, Diurnal temperature variation, nitrogen fertilization, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Agriculture, Environmental science, agricultural fields, business
Abstract: International audience; Summertime HONO concentrations were synchronously measured at two (agricultural and nonagricultural) sites in the North China Plain (NCP). Daytime HONO (1.4 ± 0.6 ppbv) and HONO/NO2 ((12 ± 8)%) over the agricultural field after fertilization were found to be remarkably higher than those before fertilization, implying strong HONO emission from the fertilized fields. Synchronous enhancements of HONO and O3 after fertilization at both sites suggested that the emitted HONO accelerated the local and the regional O3 pollution. HONO budget analysis further revealed that its emission was significantly enhanced after fertilization. Soil HONO emission flux and its uncertainty were estimated and discussed. The estimated emission flux exhibited a distinct diurnal variation with a noontime maximum. The net OH production rate from HONO photolysis greatly exceeded that from O3 photolysis over the agricultural field, and their maximum ratio of 4.7 was obtained after fertilization. We provide field evidence that fertilized fields in the NCP act as a strong HONO source, which accelerates daytime photochemistry, leading to an increase of regional photo-oxidants such as O3. Considering the severe O3 pollution in the summer NCP and that the large area of the agricultural field is regularly treated with high fertilization amount in this region, HONO emission should be taken into account in the regional air quality deterioration.
Published: 2021
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43. LeMMINGs - II. The e-MERLIN legacy survey of nearby galaxies. The deepest radio view of the Palomar sample on parsec scale

Author: David A. Green, Elmar Körding, Susanne Aalto, David R. Williams, Bililign T. Dullo, Alison B. Peck, Ranieri D. Baldi, C. Romero-Cañizales, Willem A. Baan, I. M. McHardy, Megan Argo, Eskil Varenius, Antxon Alberdi, Miguel A. Pérez-Torres, Payaswini Saikia, Francesca Panessa, Stephane Corbel, John S. Gallagher, Martin Ward, R. C. Kennicutt, George J. Bendo, Jeremy Yates, Francesco Shankar, P. Uttley, Hans-Rainer Klöckner, Ralph Spencer, T. J. Maccarone, Johan H. Knapen, Ian R. Stevens, Danielle Fenech, T. W. B. Muxlow, C. G. Mundell, Robert Beswick, Elias Brinks, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Comunidad de Madrid, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, University of Bath, University of Wisconsin-Madison, European Commission, Green, David [0000-0003-3189-9998], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)
Subjects: Astrofísica, active [Galaxies], galaxies: jet, media_common.quotation_subject, Astronomy, galaxies: active, FOS: Physical sciences, Scale (descriptive set theory), Astrophysics, F500, galaxies [Radio continuum], 01 natural sciences, jet [Galaxies], star formation [Galaxies], Spectral line, Parsec, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, MERLIN, media_common, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), radio continuum: galaxies, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Sample (graphics), Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Universe, Astronomía, Space and Planetary Science, nuclei [Galaxies], Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), galaxies: star formation, galaxies: nuclei, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Data release
Abstract: Full list of authors: Baldi, R. D.; Williams, D. R. A.; McHardy, I. M.; Beswick, R. J.; Brinks, E.; Dullo, B. T.; Knapen, J. H.; Argo, M. K.; Aalto, S.; Alberdi, A.; Baan, W. A.; Bendo, G. J.; Corbel, S.; Fenech, D. M.; Gallagher, J. S.; Green, D. A.; Kennicutt, R. C.; Klöckner, H. -R.; Körding, E.; Maccarone, T. J.; Muxlow, T. W. B.; Mundell, C. G.; Panessa, F.; Peck, A. B.; Pérez-Torres, M. A.; Romero-Cañizales, C.; Saikia, P.; Shankar, F.; Spencer, R. E.; Stevens, I. R.; Varenius, E.; Ward, M. J.; Yates, J.; Uttley, P., We present the second data release of high-resolution (≤0.2 arcsec) 1.5-GHz radio images of 177 nearby galaxies from the Palomar sample, observed with the e-MERLIN array, as part of the Legacy e-MERLIN Multi-band Imaging of Nearby Galaxies Sample (LeMMINGs) survey. Together with the 103 targets of the first LeMMINGs data release, this represents a complete sample of 280 local active (LINER and Seyfert) and inactive galaxies (H ii galaxies and absorption line galaxies, ALG). This large program is the deepest radio survey of the local Universe, ≳1017.6 W Hz-1, regardless of the host and nuclear type: we detect radio emission ≳0.25 mJy beam-1 for 125/280 galaxies (44.6 per cent) with sizes of typically ≲100 pc. Of those 125, 106 targets show a core which coincides within 1.2 arcsec with the optical nucleus. Although we observed mostly cores, around one third of the detected galaxies features jetted morphologies. The detected radio core luminosities of the sample range between ∼1034 and 1040 erg s-1. LINERs and Seyferts are the most luminous sources, whereas H ii galaxies are the least. LINERs show FR I-like core-brightened radio structures while Seyferts reveal the highest fraction of symmetric morphologies. The majority of H ii galaxies have single radio core or complex extended structures, which probably conceal a nuclear starburst and/or a weak active nucleus (seven of them show clear jets). ALGs, which are typically found in evolved ellipticals, although the least numerous, exhibit on average the most luminous radio structures, similar to LINERs. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society., The authors thank the anonymous referee for his/her helpful comments to improve the manuscript. AA and MAPT acknowledge support from the Spanish MCIU through grant PGC2018-098915-B-C21 and from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the 'Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa' award for the Instituto de Astrof ' isica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709). BTD acknowledges support from a Spanish postdoctoral fellowship 'Ayudas 1265 para la atraccion del talento investigador. Modalidad 2: jovenes investigadores.' funded by Comunidad de Madrid under grant number 2016-T2/TIC-2039. BTD also acknowledges support from grant 'Ayudas para la realizaci on de proyectos de I + D para jovenes doctores 2019.' funded by Comunidad de Madrid and Universidad Complutense de Madrid under grant number PR65/19-22417. JHK acknowledges financial support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 721463 to the SUNDIAL ITN network, from the State Research Agency (AEI-MCINN) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the grant 'The structure and evolution of galaxies and their central regions' with reference PID2019-105602GB-I00/10.13039/501100011033, and from IAC project P/300724, financed by the Ministry of Science and Innovation, through the State Budget and by the Canary Islands Department of Economy, Knowledge and Employment, through the Regional Budget of the Autonomous Community. JSG thanks the University of Wisconsin-Madison and its Foundation for support of this research through his Rupple Bascom Professorship. FS acknowledges partial support from a Leverhulme Trust Research fellowship. CGM acknowledges support from the University of Bath and Jim and Hiroko Sherwin. e-MERLIN is a National Facility operated by the University of Manchester at Jodrell Bank Observatory on behalf of STFC, part of UK Research and Innovation.
Published: 2021
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44. NanoSIMS determination of the water content of staurolite

Author: Azevedo-Vannson, Samantha, Remusat, Laurent, Bureau, Hélène, Béneut, Keevin, Cesare, Bernardo, Khodja, Hicham, Jiménez-Mejías, María, Roskosz, Mathieu, Minéralogie et magnétisme de basses dimensionnalités [IMPMC] (IMPMC_MIMABADI), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Geoscienze [Padova], Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GEO3BCN CSIC, Geosci Barcelona, Grp Dynam Lithosphere GDL, Luis Sole I Sabaris S-N, Barcelona 08028, Instituto Geografico Nacional, Magma - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), European Project: 819587,HYDROMA, IMPMC_Minéralogie et magnétisme de basses dimensionnalités (IMPMC_MIMABADI), Universita degli Studi di Padova, and European Research Council
Subjects: ERDA, FTIR, Staurolite, Water, NanoSIMS, Amphibole, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Kyanite
Abstract: Staurolite is an important mineral that can reveal much about metamorphic processes. For instance, it dominates the Fe-Mg exchange reactions in amphibolite-facies rocks between about 550 and 700 °C, and can be also found at suprasolidus conditions. Staurolite contains a variable amount of OH in its structure, whose determination is a key petrological parameter. However, staurolite is often compositionally zoned, fine-grained, and may contain abundant inclusions. This makes conventional water analysis (e.g. FTIR or by chemical titration) unsuitable. With its high sensitivity at high spatial resolution, NanoSIMS is potentially a valuable tool for determining water contents in staurolite. However; a calibration with relevant standards covering a large range of water content is required to obtain accurate and reliable analyses, because matrix effects typically prevent direct quantification of water content by SIMS techniques., We are grateful to the mineral collection of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris for providing us with the kyanite crystal used for the calibration reported in this manuscript, as well as to Etienne Deloule for providing us with the amphibole standards. Thanks to Alessandro Guastoni at the Museum of Mineralogy, University of Padova, for supplying the staurolite sample from Pizzo Forno. We thank Paula Guira for helping to set up FTIR measurements and Roger Hewins for proofreading the manuscript and improving the English. We are grateful to Benoit Baptiste for access to the X-ray diffraction facility at IMPMC to check on the crystal orientations prior to FTIR and NanoSIMS analyses. Monika Koch-Müller, Richard L. Hervig and an anonymous reviewer are thanked for their constructive comments on earlier version of this manuscript. L.R. thanks the European Research Council for funding via the ERC project HYDROMA (grant agreement No. 819587). The NanoSIMS facility in Paris was established by funds from the CNRS, Région Ile de France, Ministère délégué à l’Enseignement Supérieur et à la Recherche, and the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle.
Published: 2022
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45. Cracking induced by dislocation creep in pure quartz shear bands of granitoids

Author: Jacques Précigout, Estelle Ledoux, Laurent Arbaret, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Magma - UMR7327, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract: The production of micro-pores during viscous creep is a driving mechanism for fluid circulation in deep environments. However, strain-induced cracking in nature is nowadays attributed to grain boundary sliding (GBS), restricting this process to fine-grained ductile shear zones where rocks deform by diffusion creep. Here we give natural evidence of micro-cracking induced by dislocation creep, which is by far the dominant deformation mechanism in lithospheric rocks. Focusing on pure quartz shear bands across the Naxos western granite (Aegean Sea, Greece), we first document sub-micron pores that arise at grain and sub-grain boundaries. Their shape and location emphasize sub-grain rotation as a source of cracking. We then confirm that quartz is dominated by dislocation creep with evidence of a moderate to strong lattice preferred orientation (LPO) and many sub-grain boundaries, including at the margin of the pluton where the brittle/ductile transition was reached. These features coincide with (1) quartz grains located as inclusion into quartz porphyroclasts and (2) a dependency of the LPO strength on grain size. Our findings suggest that creeping cavities act as pumping sites for fluid to penetrate the crystal lattice and nucleate randomly oriented grains along sub-grain boundaries, accounting for (1) shear localization by enhancing hydrolytic weakening and (2) rock embrittlement through growth and interlinkage of cavities where phase nucleation is limited.
Published: 2022
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46. Evidence of long term biogeochemical interactions in carbonate weathering: The role of planktonic microorganisms and riverine bivalves in a large fluviokarst system

Author: Stéphane Binet, Jean-Baptiste Charlier, Nevila Jozja, Christian Défarge, Jean-Sébastien Moquet, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Cellule d'Expertise et de Transfert en TRaçages Appliqués à l'Hydrogéologie et à l'Environnement (CETRAHE), Université d'Orléans (UO), Region Centre Val de Loire via the Cenari-O project., CNRS-INSU national observatory of karst aquifers, SNO KARST, Research infrastructure OZCAR, and ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, fungi, Critical zone, Carbonates, Karst, Water, Plankton, Pollution, Carbon, Bivalvia, Calcium Carbonate, Dacarbazine, Rivers, Particulate organic matter, Surface water/groundwater interactions, Chlorophyll-a, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Corbicula, Waste Management and Disposal, Ecosystem, Inorganic carbon fluxes, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; The infiltration of organic-rich surface waters towards groundwaters, is known to play a significant role in carbonate weathering and in contributing to the atmospheric continental carbon sink. This paper investigated biogeochemical interactions in karst critical zones, with strong surface water /groundwater interactions, and in particular the role of planktonic microorganisms and riverine bivalves through the analysis of particulate organic matter (OM) oxidation on carbonate weathering. In the large Val d'Orléans fluviokarst aquifer (France), a 20-year monthly dataset of Nitrates, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), dissolved inorganic and organic Carbon (DIC and DOC) fluxes was gathered. The surface water-groundwater comparison of geochemical trends showed that planktonic microorganisms had drastically decreased in surface waters, related to the proliferation of Corbicula bivalves spreading and a decrease in nutrients. This decrease in planktonic microorganisms was followed by a DO increase and an DIC decrease at the karst resurgence. The degradation of planktonic microorganisms consumes DO and produces NO3, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and a proton that in turn, dissolves calcite and produces DIC. Without the input from planktonic microorganisms, the fluviokarst has lost 29 % of this nitrification and 12 % of the carbonate dissolution capacities. Thus, the oxidation of particulate organic matter of planktonic microorganisms, which is part of heterotrophic respiration, appears to be a significant source of the inorganic carbon flux in riverine ecosystems. This shows how weathering can remain active under waters saturated versus calcite and suggests that the oxidation of organic matter can be a more appropriate mechanism than autotrophic respiration to explain the relationship between global warming and DIC flux change in rivers. Through the consumption of plankton, the animal life in rivers thus influences the inorganic carbon in groundwaters, creating a negative feedback in the carbon cycle.
Published: 2022
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47. Porosity induced by dislocation dynamics in quartz-rich shear bands of granitic rocks

Author: Jacques Précigout, Estelle Ledoux, Laurent Arbaret, Charlotte Spriet, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Magma - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), ANR-19-CE31-0007,MECAMUSH,Cinématique et dynamique des mush magmatiques: implications pour l'extraction et le transfert des magmas dans la croûte terrestre(2019), and European Project: 290864,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,RHEOLITH(2012)
Subjects: Dislocation dynamics, Multidisciplinary, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Quartz, Porosity
Abstract: The production of micro-pores is a driving mechanism for fluids to interact with deep environment and influence rock properties. Yet, such a porosity still remains misunderstood to occur in viscous rocks and may be attributed to either grain boundary sliding (GBS), dissolution effects or sub-grain rotation. Here we focus on quartz-rich shear bands across the Naxos western granite (Aegean Sea, Greece), where we document sub-micron pores at quartz boundaries. While most of these pores are observed along grain boundaries, some of them occur at intra-grain boundaries, which excludes dissolution or GBS to produce them, but instead involves the dynamic of dislocations. We then confirm that quartz is dominated by dislocation creep with evidence of a moderate to strong lattice-preferred orientation (LPO) and numerous tilt/twist boundaries, including at the pluton margin where rocks embrittled. These features coincide with (1) randomly oriented ‘inclusion’ quartz grains along tilt/twist boundaries and (2) a partial dependency of the LPO strength on grain size. Our findings suggest that pores arise from coalescing dislocations at boundaries of rotating sub-grains, providing nucleation sites for new grains to be precipitated during plastic flow. Fluid infiltration, rock embrittlement and related implications are also expected through pores accumulation with increasing strain.
Published: 2022
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48. NLRP6 negatively regulates type 2 immune responses in mice

Author: Pauline Chenuet, Quentin Marquant, Louis Fauconnier, Ali Youness, Manon Mellier, Tiffany Marchiol, Nathalie Rouxel, Yasmine Messaoud‐Nacer, Isabelle Maillet, Aurélie Ledru, Valérie F. J. Quesniaux, Bernhard Ryffel, William Horsnell, Frédérique Végran, Lionel Apetoh, Dieudonnée Togbe, Université d'Orléans, SCD, Artimmune SAS, Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires (INEM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Cape Town, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100 (CEPR), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Orléans, 2016-00110366/European funding in Région Centre-Val de Loire, EX0057560/European funding in Région Centre-Val de Loire, Conseil Départemental 45, Le Studium, Program ARD2020 Biomédicament, and CNRS
Subjects: Inflammasomes, Immunology, NLRP6, ILC2, Th2, Mice, Th2 Cells, inflammasome, GATA3, Immunology and Allergy, Animals, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, birch pollen, Lymphocytes, [SDV.IMM.ALL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology, Mice, Knockout, Interleukin-18, Pneumonia, CD4+ T cells, Immunity, Innate, Cytokines, Th17, Nippostrongylus, allergic asthma, IL-18, [SDV.IMM.ALL] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology
Abstract: International audience; Background: Inflammasomes are large protein complexes that assemble in the cytosol in response to danger such as tissue damage or infection. Following activation, inflammasomes trigger cell death and the release of biologically active forms of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (NLRP6) inflammasome is required for IL-18 secretion by intestinal epithelial cells, macrophages, and T cells, contributing to homeostasis and self-defense against pathogenic microbes. However, the involvement of NLRP6 in type 2 lung inflammation remains elusive.Methods: Wild-type (WT) and Nlrp6−/− mice were used. Birch pollen extract (BPE)-induced allergic lung inflammation, eosinophil recruitment, Th2-related cytokine and chemokine production, airway hyperresponsiveness, and lung histopathology, Th2 cell differentiation, GATA3, and Th2 cytokines expression, were determined. Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) infection, worm count in intestine, type 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2), and Th2 cells in lungs were evaluated.Results: We demonstrate in Nlrp6−/− mice that a mixed Th2/Th17 immune responses prevailed following birch pollen challenge with increased eosinophils, ILC2, Th2, and Th17 cell induction and reduced IL-18 production. Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infected Nlrp6−/− mice featured enhanced early expulsion of the parasite due to enhanced type 2 immune responses compared to WT hosts. In vitro, NLRP6 repressed Th2 polarization, as shown by increased Th2 cytokines and higher expression of the transcription factor GATA3 in the absence of NLRP6. Exogenous IL-18 administration partially reduced the enhanced airways inflammation in Nlrp6−/− mice.Conclusions: In summary, our data identify NLRP6 as a negative regulator of type 2 immune responses.
Published: 2022
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49. Measuring the distance to the black hole candidate X-ray binary MAXI J1348–630 using H <scp>i</scp> absorption

Author: J. C. A. Miller-Jones, Rob Fender, G. E. Anderson, W. Raja, Patrick Woudt, Matthew Whiting, Jai Verdhan Chauhan, B. S. Koribalski, P. F. L. Jacob, James R. Allison, Elizabeth K. Mahony, S. Corbel, F. Carotenuto, Aidan Hotan, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Absorption spectroscopy, black hole physics, X-ray binary, FOS: Physical sciences, Binary number, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, X-rays: binaries, symbols.namesake, radio continuum: transients, 0103 physical sciences, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Local standard of rest, X-rays: individual: MAXI J1348–630, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radial velocity, ISM: jets and outflows, Space and Planetary Science, Eddington luminosity, symbols, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: We present HI absorption spectra of the black hole candidate X-ray binary (XRB) MAXI J1348-630 using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) and MeerKAT. The ASKAP HI spectrum shows a maximum negative radial velocity (with respect to the local standard of rest) of $-31\pm4$ km s$^{-1}$ for MAXI J1348-630, as compared to $-50\pm4$ km s$^{-1}$ for a stacked spectrum of several nearby extragalactic sources. This implies a most probable distance of $2.2^{+0.5}_{-0.6}$ kpc for MAXI J1348-630, and a strong upper limit of the tangent point distance at $5.3\pm0.1$ kpc. Our preferred distance implies that MAXI J1348-630 reached $17\pm10$ % of the Eddington luminosity at the peak of its outburst, and that the source transited from the soft to the hard X-ray spectral state at $2.5\pm1.5$ % of the Eddington luminosity. The MeerKAT HI spectrum of MAXI J1348-630 (obtained from the older, low-resolution 4k mode) is consistent with the re-binned ASKAP spectrum, highlighting the potential of the eventual capabilities of MeerKAT for XRB spectral line studies., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
Published: 2020
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50. Preface to Multiscale Simulation in Geochemistry

Author: Carl I. Steefel, Christophe Tournassat, Xiandong Liu, State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, Nanjing University (NJU), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Chemistry, Geochemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, 01 natural sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0104 chemical sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020
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