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Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Río de la Plata Estuary (RdP) is frequently affected by large storm surges that have historically caused social and economic losses. According to recent research, the number and strength of surge events have been increasing over time as a result of climate change. Although process-based models have been widely used for the storm surge prediction, their high computational demand may be a significant disadvantage in some applications, such as rapid or neartime forecasting. Artificial neural network (ANN) becomes an alternative tool to forecast the water level, taking into account meteorological and astronomical forcing as numerical models also do. In this work, an ANN model performance was evaluated to hindcast and forecast water levels in the RdP. Several combinations of lead times and inputs were assessed in order to find the best configuration. The resulting model provides 4-day forecasts for Buenos Aires and Torre Oyarvide stations (located at the upper and intermediate estuary, respectively), using observed water levels, meteorological inputs and predicted astronomical tides. Results also support the ANN model's ability to simulate even extreme events. For instance, for a 12 h-forecast, the RMSE is about 20 cm. Finally, we conclude that the model developed here can effectively complement the empirical and numerical forecasts executed by Naval Hydrographic Service, reducing computational costs and leveraging available datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Universum is the property of Instituto de Estudios Humanisticos Juan Ignacio Molina, Universidad de Talca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El objetivo del presente artículo es destacar la importancia de las rentas municipales en el contexto de la administración colonial española durante los siglos XVI al XVIII. A lo largo de la historia del imperio español, las rentas municipales desempeñaron un papel fundamental en la estructura económica y política de las colonias, contribuyendo significativamente a la financiación no solo de la administración local y de las infraestructuras urbanas, sino también al mantenimiento del imperio. El propósito es examinar cómo estas rentas permitieron el desarrollo de las ciudades coloniales, utilizando como objeto principal de análisis el circuito urbano riopla-tense, antes y después de constituirse como virreinato. Para ello, nos valemos de una selección de la variada tipología documental que resulta útil para este fin, conservada en diferentes repositorios de carácter nacional, provincial e institucional de distintos países, como Argentina, España y Bolivia.

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en analizar las transformaciones en las estrategias económico-espirituales y los mecanismos de amortización eclesiástica implementados por la élite porteña del período tardocolonial, en el marco de las reformas de fines del siglo XVIII y comienzos del XIX. En particular, abordamos la recepción del discurso y la legislación desamortizadora en la región y su impacto en la fundación de capellanías, patrimonios para órdenes y otras obras pías. De esta forma, procuramos dar cuenta de la redefinición del vínculo entre Iglesia y élite en el Río de la Plata durante las décadas finales del período colonial.

This study reconstructs remittances from different regional haciendas to the main treasury of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, located in Buenos Aires, between 1800 and 1810. It estimates the extent and periodization of the decline of the situado of Potosí during the last colonial decade, determining whether the contributions from regional treasuries made up for it. It also estimates the impact of transfers on the regional treasuries. By drawing on the accounting books of various treasuries, the article identifies the main mechanisms that the Royal Treasury of Buenos Aires implemented to seize surplus resources of the viceroyalty’s interior haciendas at the end of the colonial period. The ability of the Royal Treasury to seize those surpluses was significant and implemented through various mechanisms of the ancien régime.

In situ wave observations are essential for implementing coastal management strategies, designing coastal and offshore structures and understanding many processes related to sedimentology and marine biology. Despite their importance, these observations are rather scarce in the coastal areas of southeastern South America. Moreover, the existing observations are discontinuous, with several gaps and no simultaneity. Today, global wave models have improved their performance by providing reliable wave parameters with high resolution and coverage even at near‐shore areas. In this work, wave parameters from five global models were compared with significant wave heights (HS), peak periods (T) and propagation direction at nine sites located at the Southwestern South Atlantic Ocean. The global products used were WAVERYS (Global Reanalysis Wav 001 032), IOWAGA (WAVEWATCH III Hindcast – WW3 – Global grid – CFSR), ERA5 (ECMWF reanalysis), NOAA WW3 – 30‐year Hindcast Phase 2 and NCEP/EMC Operational global wave model GFS – Wave. Mean arithmetic error (Bias), root mean square deviation, scatter index and the Pearson linear correlation coefficient (r) were assessed at each location where wave observations were available. The best agreements for HS were obtained at the deepest sites located farther from the coast. Lower statistical metrics were achieved at coastal sites where the bathymetry is roughly represented by the global models. The calculated correlation coefficients were found to be lower for T than for HS. Overall, T was slightly underestimated by global models. Wave propagation directions were excellently represented by global models at offshore sites. The WAVERYS model is the global product that best represents the wave parameters in the study area, probably due to its higher spatial resolution (0.2°) and more realistic atmospheric forcing (ERA5). In addition, it satisfactorily represents the temporal variability of HS in open water as well as swell characteristics at the outer the Río de la Plata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reconstructs remittances from different regional haciendas to the main treasury of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, located in Buenos Aires, between 1800 and 1810. It estimates the extent and periodization of the decline of the situado of Potosí during the last colonial decade, determining whether the contributions from regional treasuries made up for it. It also estimates the impact of transfers on the regional treasuries. By drawing on the accounting books of various treasuries, the article identifies the main mechanisms that the Royal Treasury of Buenos Aires implemented to seize surplus resources of the viceroyalty’s interior haciendas at the end of the colonial period. The ability of the Royal Treasury to seize those surpluses was significant and implemented through various mechanisms of the ancien régime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on recent literature on the history of political economy and Spanish imperial history, the article reconstructs the ideas that supported the colonial development of the meat industry in the Río de la Plata. Archival and printed sources are employed to illustrate the different arguments revolving around colonial economic development and imperial rule, in the words and practices of merchants, explorers, administrators and ministers. This way, it is possible to disclose the multiple imperial visions circulating in the Spanish Atlantic. The analysis suggests that economic reformism was not only a European intellectual and political movement but was shared and appropriated by Spanish Americans. They employed arguments in political economy to foster their agenda, namely the economic improvement of their territory in the broader context of the Spanish commercial empire. If a shared consensus around imperial political economy between Spanish and Spanish American vassals provided arguments supporting this colonial industry, the diverging economic interests, imperial rivalries, and the different geographical spaces of enunciation determined a variable dialectic between projects for the expansion of salted meat production and their realisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Maracanan is the property of Revista Maracanan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on the analysis of the sales catalog of books and manuscripts belonging to Pedro de Angelis -published in 1853-, this work investigates the irradiation of his bibliographical interests and their relationship with the emergence of philology as a discipline in Latin America. On the one hand, it will be explained how all of De Angelis's work is based on the perspective of Viquian philology. On the other hand, it will be considered how the work of Alcide d'Orbigny, which is also in the catalog of his library for sale, became a reference for certain protophilologists of the Río de la Plata, who in turn acquired the manuscripts and prints of said catalogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Validation of water reflectance using in situ data is essential to ensure the quality of ocean colour satellite-derived products useful for water quality monitoring, like turbidity and chlorophyll-a concentration. Since December 2021, the HYPERNETS automated hyperspectral system has been collecting data in the optically complex and highly turbid waters of the Río de la Plata, an ideal scenario for testing atmospheric correction algorithms' performance. The site, located 60 km south of Buenos Aires (Argentina), is described in relation to the water reflectance spectral features and variability using high spatial resolution imagery and a methodology is proposed to objectively select a sensor-specific location of a reference pixel for satellite validation. Six months of data is used to evaluate surface water reflectance operational products from multi-spectral systems like Landsat 8&9/OLI (L89/OLI), Sentinel-2/MSI (S2/MSI) & Sentinel-3/OLCI (S3/OLCI), and PlanetScope SuperDoves (PS/SD), and also non standard products for Aqua/MODIS (Aqua/MODIS) and SNPP&JPSS1/VIIRS (SJ/VIIRS) missions. Moreover, the standard surface water reflectance product from the hyperspectral PRISMA mission could also be evaluated. The matchups show general good results when in situ measurements are compared to L2 standard products of high spatial resolution sensors that use land-based atmospheric correction approach, if sun glint contamination is avoided. Low mean relative percentage difference was found for S2/MSI (2.45%) and L89/OLI (-3.52%), but higher for PS/SD (30.7%). In turn, S3/OLCI medium resolution also showed low mean relative differences (2.31%), while SJ/VIIRS and Aqua/MODIS showed larger and negative differences (-16.35 for SJ/VIIRS and -35.6% for Aqua/MODIS) which showed a clear increase towards the shortest blue bands. The results show the great potential of the HYPERNETS automated system to provide high quality and quantity of data for validation of satellite data at all visible and near infrared (VNIR, 400-900 nm) wavelengths in a multi-mission perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El desarrollo de la física en el Uruguay suele asociarse con los impulsos institucionales que el Uruguay llevó adelante luego de la restauración democrática de 1985. La historiografía de la ciencia del último tiempo ha complejizado este relato, mostrando aquellos impulsos que se dieron en el país, a lo largo del siglo XX, con la intención de edificar un ambiente propicio para la práctica profesional de la física en el país. Este artículo busca contribuir con estos últimos intentos, al mostrar cómo ya en el siglo XIX pueden registrarse esfuerzos de pensar los problemas de la naturaleza y el individuo en términos de una nueva disciplina, que recoge estos asuntos de la filosofía pero los interpreta a la luz de los descubrimientos que en ese siglo se produjeron. En Uruguay y la región, la parte de la filosofía que se denominó Física General y Particular, fue tomada y elevada por un conjunto de fisicistas que intentó reformar el pensamiento filosófico en el contexto rioplatense, en las décadas que rodearon al inicio del 1800, llevando su cauce hacia la ciencia experimental que crecía en el viejo continente. El presente trabajo se subdivide en cinco secciones: i) una presentación de la filosofía natural en el Río de la Plata en los inicios del siglo XIX; ii) el giroo hacia la física propuesto por un grupo de filósofos llamados ficisistas; iii) los problemas de la física que fueron de especial interés para estos ficisistas; iv) la enseñanza de la física en la creación de la Universidad Mayor de Montevideo, en 1849; y v) la modernización de la física en la creación de las Facultades de Medicina y Matemáticas en 1883 y 1888, respectivamente.

Book Review: Kosichev L.A. The creation of tango. – Moscow: Publishing House «East Express», 2023. – 240 p.

Estuaries are characterized by steep biogeochemical gradients that are often overlooked by discrete water sampling which is especially critical for large ecosystems like the Río de la Plata estuary (RLP). To overcome this limitation, high-resolution in situ measurements of salinity, temperature, pH, turbidity, chlorophyll a (Chl-a), colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) complemented by laboratory analysis of Chl-a and suspended particle (SPM) grain size distribution were employed to characterize the fluvio-marine transition along seven legs covering 1500 km in the RLP. In situ records performed each 400 m permitted to detect the anthropogenic discharge of CDOM in the upper freshwater Buenos Aires–La Plata metropolitan sector (1.7–3.6 mg C l−1) and the sharp turbidity increase at the beginning of the saline intrusion (S: 0.2–2) resulting in a consistent turbidity maximum zone formation (TMZ: 180–350 NTU). High-resolution data at the TMZ also revealed a significant positive covariation of Chl-a with turbidity indicating the retention of freshwater algae. The relative increase of phaeopigments in the South TMZ sector supported the detrital signature of the Paraná River load contrasting with the less turbid and fresher signal of the North corridor influenced by the Uruguay River flow. CDOM showed an opposite pattern and decreased with turbidity at the TMZ suggesting partial colloid precipitation from the surface's 50-cm layer sampled by the boat, followed by a rapid recovery and a linear decrease with salinity (2.9 ± 0.7 to 0.3 ± 0.4 mg C l−1). Turbidity and SPM grain size measurements also reflected the North–South asymmetry of the estuary with lower turbidities enriched in finer fractions along the Northern corridor. A consistent transport pathway of partially mixed, turbid waters enriched in Chl-a, CDOM, and clays concentrated in the TMZ with intermediate salinities was traced downstream along the South shore as a significant transport pathway of suspended solids to the sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we analyze the circulation of Athanasius Kircher's works in the colonial regions of Río de la Plata, Paraguay, and Tucumán. Specifically, we investigate the marginalia and reading notes left by a specific reader in a copy of Magnes sive de arte magnetica (Rome, 1654) preserved at the National Library (Argentina). We use a qualitative methodology to study these marginalia, confirm our assumption that the reading took place in the Río de la Plata region, evaluate the possibility that the reader was a Jesuit, and propose a general interpretation. In this sense, we suggest that the appropriation of the book by this anonymous reader was partial and pragmatic: it was focused only on certain experimental aspects of the work, with a keen interest in hydraulic machinery. In a concluding remark, we consider the possibility that this hydraulic interest might be linked to similar works carried out by the Jesuits in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) has become a popular method for studying both marine mammal behavior and distribution, especially among cetaceans. The Antarctic minke whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) occurs in the Southern Hemisphere, and our knowledge concerning its vocal behavior is very limited. Along the coast of Uruguay, minke whales constitute one of the species with the most stranding data collected. Until now, sounds of Antarctic minke whales had never been recorded off the Uruguayan coast. Two different bio-duck call types were recorded along the Atlantic Ocean and the Río de la Plata River coasts by employing PAM stations off the coast of Uruguay in five different positions. One call was recorded off the Atlantic coast, and the four other calls were recorded along the Río de la Plata River, including the classic bio-duck call. In addition to the aforementioned bio-duck call, evidence of a novel call, the bio-duck pulse train, was found. This call was produced in an environment very different from the oceanic environment. The bioduck pulse train has never been described in previous works, making the findings of the present work all the more novel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario de Estudios Americanos is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Peace in the Banda Oriental, at the borders between the Spanish and Portuguese empires in the Río de la Plata region, marks one of the major developments in the political geography of Latin America from 1777-1801, yet the subject has not been studied rigorously. This article explores how this peace came about after failing several times previously. Both Spanish and Portuguese colonial agents and policy-makers affected such peace by overcoming resistance to imperialism. A Luso-Hispanic policy of removal resulted in the Jesuits' loss of power in South America. Several successful mapping expeditions reduced Iberian dependence on native guides, limiting indigenous control over European colonization. Near extermination of cattle in the region and increased Spanish and Portuguese patrols over grazing lands curbed much of the illicit cattle hunting in the Río de la Plata. And the Spanish conquest of Colonia del Sacramento, a key contraband base, decreased smugglers' activity in the region. As the power of these non-governmental actors diminished, Iberian empires augmented their claims to sovereignty in the region and could finally affect the peace that Lisbon and Madrid so desired. This moment demonstrates a brief apogee in Iberian colonial control in the late eighteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Maracanan is the property of Revista Maracanan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Peace in the Banda Oriental, at the borders between the Spanish and Portuguese empires in the Río de la Plata region, marks one of the major developments in the political geography of Latin America from 1777-1801, yet the subject has not been studied rigorously. This chapter explores how this peace came about after failing several times previously. Both Spanish and Portuguese colonial agents and policy-makers affected such peace by overcoming resistance to imperialism. A Luso-Hispanic policy of removal resulted in the Jesuits’ loss of power in South America. Several successful mapping expeditions reduced Iberian dependence on native guides, limiting indigenous control over European colonization. Near extermination of cattle in the region and increased Spanish and Portuguese patrols over grazing lands curbed much of the illicit cattle hunting in the Río de la Plata. And the Spanish conquest of Colonia del Sacramento, a key contraband base, decreased smugglers’ activity in the region. As the power of these non-governmental actors diminished, Iberian empires augmented their claims to sovereignty in the region and could finally affect the peace that Lisbon and Madrid so desired. This moment demonstrates a brief apogee in Iberian colonial control in the late eighteenth century.

El presente artículo examina la circulación mercantil entre la región del Río de la Plata, Santiago en el Reino de Chile y el Bajo Perú en el periodo 1779-1783, mediante la utilización de las notas de aduana de Buenos Aires. Por medio del examen de esta fuente documental se puede cuantificar la intensidad y densidad de contactos entre las economías mencionadas. Los datos obtenidos demuestran la importancia de esta ruta comercial para el conjunto de las economías sudamericanas a finales del siglo XIX y la centralidad de las economías de Mendoza, San Juan y Santiago en el Reino de Chile en la ruta comercial analizada.

Las obras de Félix de Azara han sido unas de las principales fuentes coloniales para la etnohistoria en el Río de la Plata y Paraguay, pero también han contribuido a la despolitización indígena en los imaginarios coloniales y poscoloniales. El presente artículo compara la carrera de Azara en la región con el contenido de su historia natural. Demuestra que, mientras que Azara buscó la desposesión o la desaparición indígena en sus labores y sus obras, sus escritos también revelan acciones políticas de agentes indígenas que no encajabanen la lógica naturalista.

Validation of water reflectance using in situ data is essential to ensure the quality of ocean colour satellite-derived products useful for water quality monitoring, like turbidity and chlorophyll-a concentration. Since December 2021, the HYPERNETS automated hyperspectral system has been collecting data in the optically complex and highly turbid waters of the Río de la Plata, an ideal scenario for testing atmospheric correction algorithms’ performance. The site, located 60 km south of Buenos Aires (Argentina), is described in relation to the water reflectance spectral features and variability using high spatial resolution imagery and a methodology is proposed to objectively select a sensor-specific location of a reference pixel for satellite validation. Six months of data is used to evaluate surface water reflectance operational products from multi-spectral systems like Landsat 8&9/OLI (L89/OLI), Sentinel-2/MSI (S2/MSI) & Sentinel-3/OLCI (S3/OLCI), and PlanetScope SuperDoves (PS/SD), and also non standard products for Aqua/MODIS (Aqua/MODIS) and SNPP&JPSS1/VIIRS (SJ/VIIRS) missions. Moreover, the standard surface water reflectance product from the hyperspectral PRISMA mission could also be evaluated. The matchups show general good results when in situ measurements are compared to L2 standard products of high spatial resolution sensors that use land-based atmospheric correction approach, if sun glint contamination is avoided. Low mean relative percentage difference was found for S2/MSI (2.45%) and L89/OLI (−3.52%), but higher for PS/SD (30.7%). In turn, S3/OLCI medium resolution also showed low mean relative differences (2.31%), while SJ/VIIRS and Aqua/MODIS showed larger and negative differences (−16.35 for SJ/VIIRS and −35.6% for Aqua/MODIS) which showed a clear increase towards the shortest blue bands. The results show the great potential of the HYPERNETS automated system to provide high quality and quantity of data for validation of satellite data at all visible and near infrared (VNIR, 400–900 nm) wavelengths in a multi-mission perspective.

Durante los últimos años, hasta finales de 2023, se experimentó una extraordinaria disminución en los caudales del Río Paraná y por ende en el Río de la Plata. Este fenómeno se destacó tanto por su intensidad como por su prolongada duración, adquiriendo características históricas. El presente estudio se desarrolló en el contexto de este episodio, con el objetivo de evaluar si el descenso de caudal pudiera provocar un avance del frente salino hacia el interior del Río de la Plata y eventualmente afectar la captación de las plantas potabilizadoras de la costa argentina. Para abordar esta cuestión se empleó modelación matemática, considerando diversos escenarios hidrometeorológicos y condiciones de borde. Los resultados obtenidos indican que, incluso en estas condiciones adversas, la calidad de las tomas de agua cruda no se vería comprometida por incrementos en la salinidad. Esta conclusión se respalda, al menos parcialmente, mediante mediciones de conductividad eléctrica realizadas en puntos del Río de la Plata cercanos a las tomas.

This paper presents the documents most used in the interaction between municipalities and Treasury Funds during the colonial period. It is specified in the case of the River Plate, of which its singularities are presented from the investigation carried out in national and local archives. The objective that is set is not from a solely diplomatic perspective. Also identify how these bureaucratic instruments were used by the Crown and municipal government, justice and finance institutions. With this, elucidate the tensions and balances between state control and local autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about the sources, sinks, dynamics, and how environmental variables affect the transport of microplastics (MPs) from continental deposits to marine systems is still limited. Most of the knowledge about the distribution of plastic in the oceans comes from the use of numerical models to understand the routes of MPs moving in aquatic systems. The Río de la Plata (RdP) is an estuary located on the eastern coast of South America and is one of the most anthropized watercourses in the region. In this study, the trajectory of MPs in the RdP was examined through the implementation, for the first time for the region, of numerical simulation models. The impact of the estuary's hydrodynamic characteristics, winds, and MP morphological properties on their trajectory was investigated. The simulations produced demonstrated a high correlation between the hydrodynamics of the Río de la Plata and the trajectory of positively buoyant MPs. The wind was identified as a significant driving force in the simulation of MP motion dynamics. Modifications in the size of the MPs have more influence on the trajectory than their morphology. The results constitute an initial step toward understanding the dynamics of these emerging pollutants in one of South America's most important basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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No corresponde.

El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar el funcionamiento de la asistencia a los pobres antes de la conformación de la política social a fines del siglo XIX. Para eso, se examina un expediente judicial que la Defensoría de Pobres del Virreinato del Río de la Plata llevó adelante contra un Alcalde de Hermandad del Partido de Pergamino. El artículo se estructura en tres secciones, una introducción y las conclusiones. Primero, se indaga sobre la posibilidad de llamar política social a la atención a los sectores populares en la época colonial. Luego, se desarrollan las particularidades institucionales de la “Defensoría de pobres”, para dar paso a la evaluación de una intervención que dicha institución llevó adelante en la campaña bonaerense. Estimamos que está aproximación nos permitirá mensurar el impacto que la misma podía tener en post de fortalecer la legitimidad del Estado y sus autoridades.

Este artículo estudia el papel de las «mujeres enamoradas» en la conquista del Río de la Plata. Un largo proceso judicial encontrado en el Archivo Nacional de Asunción describe la actitud de las élites españolas y su control sobre las mujeres y en particular las mujeres prostitutas españolas. Este ensayo muestra cómo estas mujeres fueron agentes poderosos en esta región y pretende comprender la vida cotidiana de estos actores invisibles en la sociedad de la era de la conquista. Este trabajo examina la red compleja entre las mujeres españolas y los diferentes temas coloniales para entender los espacios de poder de las mujeres en el periodo colonial temprano del Río de la Plata.

Coastal waters have high ecological and economic relevance and are globally threatened by intense human activities leading to eutrophication. The decameter resolution of Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrument (S2-MSI) provides an advantage to detect spatially heterogeneous phenomena that are limited in extent, such as harmful cyanobacterial blooms (cyanoHABs). Chlorophyll-a is typically used in remote sensing of blooms; however, it remains to be evaluated in several coastal regions of the world. The Río de la Plata estuary (South America) provides a key case study due to its highly variable concentrations of suspended sediments, and the increasing frequency of cyanoHABs. Here, we evaluate the potential and limitations of S2-MSI indices to retrieve chlorophyll-a in these optically complex waters, obtaining regional algorithms and comparing them to previously available ones. We propose an approach to follow the evolution of chlorophyll-a thresholds (10 and 24 μg/L) that can contribute to monitoring programs and early warning strategies of cyanoHABs.

Entre fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX se pueden observar dos momentos de profundas transformaciones en los sistemas penitenciarios del Río de la Plata. En un primer momento, las viejas cárceles heredadas del periodo colonial serán reemplazadas por modernas penitenciarías radiales. En una segunda etapa, aquellos establecimientos serán reemplazados por prisiones de partido paralelo, siguiendo el compás de los cambios arquitectónicos del norte global. A pesar de la hegemonía de un discurso que ponía énfasis en la rehabilitación, las prisiones tuvieron, ante todo, fines segregativos o de “seguridad”. El presente artículo se propone estudiar una serie de episodios de fugas en las prisiones de Argentina y Uruguay que pusieron en entredicho el funcionamiento de las nuevas prisiones y su capacidad para realizar una efectiva retención de sus internos. A través de la utilización de un conjunto de archivos penitenciarios y prensa, el artículo busca estudiar la dinámica de estas evasiones, que se vincularía con el propio funcionamiento y arquitectura de las prisiones. De esta manera, algunas fugas que se destacaron por su dimensión o características particulares, terminarían impactando en la administración penitenciaria promoviendo la realización de reformas que tendieron, entre otras medidas, a la profesionalización de sus autoridades.

This paper examines the mercantile circulation of enslaved people, fabrics and haberdashery between the Río de la Plata region, Santiago in the Kingdom of Chile and Bajo Perú in the period 1779-1783. The sources used to carry out this investigation are Buenos Aires Customs notes, which allow us to quantify the intensity and commercial density of the aforementioned goods. The data obtained demonstrate the importance of this trade route for the whole of South American economies in the late eighteenth century, and highlight the importance of the economies of Mendoza and San Juan (Andean Dry Port Complex) and Santiago in the Kingdom of Chile. The results obtained call into question the levels of consumption and expenditure of American societies supported by historiography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research analyses two cases: the actions of the lawyers Pedro José Agrelo and Gregorio Tagle, who remained in political leadership in Río de la Plata, despite the crisis of central power in 1820. From opposing positions, both intervened publicly and acted as referents of their respective spaces. Through the analysis of their practices and discourses, the aim is to provide knowledge about the role of these scholars in the period in question, the functioning of the socio-political networks that supported them and the particularities of their actions in the context of the war and the crisis of institutionalism in the territory. For this purpose, the sources used are the libels and manifestos of the time, together with government documents and the unpublished memoirs of Pedro José Agrelo, preserved in the General Archive of the Argentine Nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Co-herencia is the property of Universidad EAFIT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Co-herencia is the property of Universidad EAFIT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Trabajos y Comunicaciones is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The History of argentine latifundia is an important part of the history of Argentina and is of greater historiographical interest. This work is de-voted to the earlier stage in the formation of latifundism in the colonial Rio-dе-lа-Plata. The author focuses on the main picture of agrarian re-gime: development and transformation of livestock economy through-out the colonial period from vaqueria – extractive hunting expedition to the proliferation of estancias on the Buenos Aires pampas. It analyzes colonial estancia production; labour –free labour force and forced labour – slaves. It indicates that despite the expansion of the livestock econo-my, land exploitation continued to be a secondary activity. The great merchants of Buenos Aires made their profits not by exploiting the products of the country – but by importing consumes goods from Spain. Much surplus capital was reinvested in commerce livestock economy held little interest for merchants. The great estates became the dominant force in the country after the war for independence.

El objetivo principal es analizar el modelo educativo implementado en Paraguay durante el gobierno del Dr. Francia en el contexto regional durante la primera mitad del s. XIX; deviene de este objetivo exponer sobre el modelo educativo del gobierno del Dr. Francia; describir los sistemas educativos en la región; comparar y contrastar el modelo educativo implementado durante el gobierno del Dr. Francia en el contexto regional y determinar la importancia de la revisión histórica y el análisis documental en la Historia de la Educación. El tipo de investigación corresponde a la investigación histórica, con enfoque crítico y niveles de trabajo que van de la descripción a la explicación comparada. El diseño es bibliográfico/documental y cualitativo. El Dr. José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia enfrentó desde el gobierno el desafío de consolidar la génesis de una nueva nación y la política educativa progresiva logró el desarrollo del primer modelo de educación primaria gratuita y obligatoria en la región. Los datos comparados a nivel regional confirman la legitimidad de dicha afirmación. Las fuentes documentales sometidas a nuevos análisis colaboran en el proceso de reinterpretación de este tema que, hasta la fecha, sigue siendo debatido en los ámbitos académicos con diversas y opuestas posturas.

Copyright of Economic History Research / Investigaciones de Historia Económica is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Historia Economica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arte, Individuo y Sociedad is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En esta entrevista, el investigador Abel Aníbal Zabala comparte sus conocimientos sobre la payada y los payadores del Plata, adquiridos durante toda una vida y que ha materializado en conferencias y libros. En un amable gesto, Zabala procura proporcionar todos los datos, eventos y antecedentes con exactitud temporal. Entre los temas que se tocan, encontramos explicaciones sobre la constante relación transfronteriza entre payadores, opiniones sobre el trabajo de estos y, especialmente, la historia y características de su vasto archivo multimedial. Además, Zabala da a conocer qué investigadores lo han visitado y quiénes son los legatarios de las colecciones.

Este artículo examina las actividades de los procuradores de la provincia jesuítica del Paraguay para la adquisición y transporte de libros desde Europa a la región del Río de la Plata. Mediante un análisis de varias fuentes, incluyendo crónicas, biografías, registros de navíos, documentos internos de las procuradurías y cartas publicadas e inéditas, el artículo investiga: 1) el itinerario de los jesuitas en Europa; 2) la red de autoridades, libreros y escritores que facilitaba la compra de libros; 3) los métodos usados para embarcar libros sin pagar impuestos ante la Casa de Contratación en Sevilla y Cádiz; 4) y el viaje de regreso a través del océano Atlántico. La hipótesis principal es que los procuradores cumplieron un rol significativo en la configuración de la cultura del libro de los jesuitas del Paraguay, aprovechando para ello la estructura corporativa de la Compañía de Jesús —definida por viajes institucionales, una red de colegios y una confianza interna a la orden—.

El Archivo General de Indias conserva una serie de cartas de gobernadores del Paraguay de la segunda mitad del siglo XVII que permite entender cómo funcionaban aquellas fronteras y de qué forma se desarrolló la comunicación política desde (y hacia) esos territorios periféricos de la monarquía, especialmente en tiempos de guerra. En esos períodos, las milicias guaraníes de las reducciones jesuíticas del Paraguay cumplieron un rol clave en las actividades militares de esa frontera. Sin embargo, fueron “silenciadas” en aquellas cartas que llegaban a manos del monarca hispano. Complementaremos toda esa información con documentos procedentes del Archivo Nacional de Asunción y del Archivo General de la Nación de Buenos Aires a fines de lograr entender, desde el plano local, esos conflictos que se comunicaban a la corona, cuyos discursos muchas veces no coincidían con la información que circulaba en esos territorios.

En este artículo se pretende explicar la relevancia de las gestiones del procurador Manuel de Frías ante las autoridades metropolitanas, focalizando la atención en aquellas que se orientaron a la consolidación del asentamiento de las ciudades del norte del Río de la Plata, particularmente en el Paraguay y en el Guairá, jurisdicción de la cual sería designado primer gobernador y capitán general. Para vincular sus negociaciones con las expectativas del Cabildo de Asunción, este estudio las pone en diálogo con el memorial que escribió el procurador Bernardino de Espínola, en 1610, en el que se pueden observar cuáles eran los reclamos más concretos de la élite asuncena. En estos términos, el análisis de la comunicación política para la Provincia del Paraguay y Río de la Plata puede dar pistas sobre el modo en que se resolvían las tensiones entre las diversas ciudades y las diferentes corporaciones en la disputa por sus intereses políticos, económicos y sociales.

El artículo analiza la política implementada por algunos de los gobernadores de Buenos Aires y Paraguay respecto a la población indígena sometida en los espacios más distantes del centro gubernamental. Se pretende revisitar parte de la documentación producida por estos oficiales y las medidas e informaciones relacionadas con los diferentes grupos étnicos y encomiendas. El texto indaga sobre la comunicación política rioplatense en el período colonial temprano, verificando si la situación marginal de estos territorios repercutió en dicha comunicación y en la toma de decisiones, el rol de los agentes de la monarquía –representados por la figura de los gobernadores– y sus actuaciones respecto a una población de dimensiones considerables. Referimos cuatro casos específicos: los gobernadores de Buenos Aires Diego Marín Negrón, Diego de Góngora y Pedro Dávila Enríquez, y el gobernador del Paraguay y oidor de La Plata Andrés Garabito de León.

Se propone una aproximación al dinámico campo de estudio de la comunicación política y algunas sugerencias para avanzar en la indagación del fenómeno desde el espacio rioplatense. En este sentido, conforme se analiza una selección de investigaciones sobre los agentes que representaban a los actores locales y regionales en la corte, sobre la cuantificación de los intercambios atlánticos y sobre la relación entre comunicación y producción normativa, se intentará esbozar posibles itinerarios de estudio para subsanar una situación que condiciona las posibilidades de comprender un aspecto fundamental del gobierno del área.