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Each year in the United States, food banks receive more than one million kilograms of donated hunted game meat. The National Rifle Association’s (NRA’s) Hunters for the Hungry initiative has established programs in more than 40 states for hunters to take their harvested game animal to a meat processing facility and indicate intent to donate the resulting processed and packaged meat to a local food bank. Most donated game meat is ground deer meat (venison); other donated game includes wild hog and goose. Even though the presence of ammunition-derived metallic lead fragments in donated firearms-hunted meat has been recognized for more than a decade, most of the donated hunted meat is not inspected to discard meat containing lead fragments. An underlying lack of food safety standards for adulterated donated food increases risks to low-income recipients, who are already disproportionately affected by elevated blood lead levels (BLLs).2 Primary prevention is needed for this overlooked source of lead exposure.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this research was to examine the psychometrics of a short form version of the multidimensional Involvement in Alcoholics Anonymous scale (IAA-SF) by assessing the factor structure, internal consistency, and predictive validity. While there are several existing measures of involvement in Alcoholics Anonymous, many are either unidimensional or are limited in their ability to gather variation in the level of involvement in the different dimensions of 12-step programs. OBJECTIVE: To achieve our aim, we used exploratory and principal axis factor analysis, correlation, and logistic regression with two unique and diverse samples. Longitudinal data were collected from a northern Illinois sample of 110 post-treatment adults, and cross-sectional data were from a random sample of 296 recovery home residents in the United States. RESULTS: Results from the first sample suggested three exploratory factors (Principles Involvement, Social Involvement, and Spiritual Involvement) that were concordant with the proposed conceptualization and were then confirmed in the second sample. A 2nd order factor of global involvement was also found. All subscales demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency and were moderately associated with AA affiliation. Global and social involvement predicted greater odds of abstinence 2 years later, but principles and spiritual involvement did not. CONCLUSION: Overall results suggest the IAA- SF is a valid and reliable 12-item instrument for assessing involvement in the AA program, and the differential prediction suggests potential utility for a multidimensional approach to 12-step involvement.

When appropriately used, helicopter emergency medical services (HEMSs) allow for timely delivery of severely injured patients to definitive care. Inappropriate utilization of HEMSs results in increased cost to the patient and trauma system. The purpose of this study was to review current HEMS criteria in the central Gulf Coast region and evaluate for potential areas of triage refinement and cost savings. We hypothesized that a significant number of patients received potentially unwarranted HEMS transport.A retrospective cohort study of all patients with trauma arriving to a level I trauma center by helicopter over 28 mo was performed; 381 patients with trauma and with HEMS transport from the scene were included. Data were collected from prehospital sources, as well as hospital chart review for each patient. The primary outcome was the rate of unwarranted HEMS transport.A total of 381 adult patients with trauma transported by the HEMS were analyzed, of which 34% were deemed potentially nonwarranted transports. The significant factors correlating with warranted HEMS transport included age, multiple long bone fractures, penetrating mechanism, and vehicle ejection. Insurance demographics did not correlate to transport modality. Many of these patients were transported from a location within the same county or the county adjacent to the trauma center. When comparing patients transported by ground and HEMSs from the same scene, no time savings were identified. Unwarranted transports at the trauma center represented an estimated health care expenditure of over $3 million.HEMSs may be overused in the central Gulf Coast region, creating the risk for a substantial resource and financial burden to the trauma system. Further collaboration is needed to establish HEMS triage criteria, that is, more appropriate use of resources.

The search for superconductivity in infinite-layer nickelates was motivated by analogy to the cuprates, and this perspective has framed much of the initial consideration of this material. However, a growing number of studies have highlighted the involvement of rare-earth orbitals; in that context, the consequences of varying the rare-earth element in the superconducting nickelates have been much debated. Here, we show notable differences in the magnitude and anisotropy of the superconducting upper critical field across the La-, Pr-, and Nd-nickelates. These distinctions originate from the 4 f electron characteristics of the rare-earth ions in the lattice: They are absent for La 3+ , nonmagnetic for the Pr 3+ singlet ground state, and magnetic for the Nd 3+ Kramer’s doublet. The unique polar and azimuthal angle-dependent magnetoresistance found in the Nd-nickelates can be understood to arise from the magnetic contribution of the Nd 3+ 4 f moments. Such robust and tunable superconductivity suggests potential in future high-field applications.

Herring Gulls Larus argentatus and Lesser Black-backed Gulls Larus fuscus were involved in more nuisance events with humans as the breeding season progressed, although human provisioning was negatively associated with gull nuisance events.

The purpose of this literature review is to explain the current practice of antepartum maternal depression screening and education. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that pregnant women be screened at least once during the antepartum phase of pregnancy by their health care provider. The fact that many women present with depression or anxiety at several time points during pregnancy suggests that only one screening during pregnancy is not enough. Antepartum and postpartum depression education is lacking within the prenatal period. This lack of education may decrease self-identification, leading to the decreased screening of pregnant women. Antepartum depression has a high probability of becoming postpartum depression, which might have significant implications for early discovery during pregnancy. These circumstances make antepartum depression one of the most under-recognized and under-treated conditions. [ Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58 (10), 19–23].

The recent observation of superconductivity in thin film infinite-layer nickelates$^{1-3}$ offers a different angle to investigate superconductivity in layered oxides$^{4}$. A wide range of candidate models have been proposed$^{5-10}$, emphasizing single- or multi-orbital electronic structure, Kondo or Hund's coupling, and analogies to cuprates. Clearly, further experimental characterization of the superconducting state is needed to develop a full understanding of the nickelates. Here we use magnetotransport measurements to probe the superconducting anisotropy in Nd$_{0.775}$Sr$_{0.225}$NiO$_{2}$. We find that the upper critical field is surprisingly isotropic at low temperatures despite the layered crystal structure. In a magnetic field the superconductivity is strongly Pauli-limited, such that the paramagnetic effect dominates over orbital de-pairing. Underlying this isotropic response is a substantial anisotropy in the superconducting coherence length, which is at least four times longer in-plane than out-of-plane. A prominent low-temperature upturn in the upper critical field indicates the presence of an unconventional ground state., 9 pages, 4 figures, 1 supplementary info

Objective To evaluate nurse practitioner and medical students’ knowledge, self-efficacy, and motivation for antepartum depression screening and education before and after an online educational intervention. Design Quasi-experimental study design. Setting/Local Problem The University of South Florida, College of Nursing and College of Medicine. Historically, nursing and medical school curricula have a focus on postpartum depression. Testing nurse practitioner and medical students regarding maternal depression throughout pregnancy may give insight into curriculum preparedness. Participants Medical and nurse practitioner students were recruited by convenience sampling. In total, 71 participants completed the study. There were 52 (73%) nurse practitioner students and 19 (27%) medical students. Intervention/Measurements Participants used a self-directed learning activity in the form of a slide presentation on the virtual platform REDCap. Knowledge was tested before and after the intervention using the “Speak Up When You’re Down”—Postpartum Depression Awareness Campaign examination. Self-efficacy and motivation were measured before and after the intervention by using the Physician/Nurse Practitioner Student Teaching Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and the Physician/Nurse Practitioner Student Teaching Motivation Questionnaire. Results Nurse practitioner and medical students exhibited a mean increase in scores for knowledge, self-efficacy, and motivation. Both groups performed similarly from before to after the intervention, and student profession did not moderate the increase from before to after the intervention. Conclusion An intervention to influence health care students' knowledge, self-efficacy, and motivation for antepartum depression screening can be included in medical and nursing curricula and can also be used with currently practicing health care providers. Doing so could possibly benefit pregnant women by enhancing the antepartum care that they receive.

We isolated and characterized a total of 13 microsatellite loci from Cordulegaster sarracenia (Odonata: Cordulegastridae). Loci were screened in 24 individuals from Louisiana and Texas. Within C. s...

We developed and characterized 13 polymorphic microsatellite loci in South Texas species of Praticolella von Martens, 1892 (Gastropoda: Polygyridae), some of which have restricted distributions and can be difficult to identify using traditional shell characters. To make this genomic tool more broadly useful in these species, instead of characterizing loci in many individuals of a single species, we tested them across five populations of four different species. Twelve loci amplified in all four species tested, and eleven loci showed deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These loci will be valuable in assessing species identity and population genetic connectivity among South Texas Praticolella.

Drivers of harmful algal blooms (HABs) include nutrient pollution, warmer temperatures, and stagnant waters. HABs often discolor water. When they block sunlight needed by oxygen-producing algae or aquatic macrophytes, or run out of a nutrient, die and are broken down by oxygen-consuming organisms, hypoxic dead zones are produced. Also, directly toxigenic HABs kill fish, fish-eating birds, marine and terrestrial mammals, and people. Although irritation results from skin, eye, or respiratory exposures, the most serious toxic effects typically follow ingestion of water, contaminated shellfish or fish. Microcystins, nodularins, and cylindrospermopsins cause lethal liver and sometimes kidney damage, and repeated exposures promote liver cancers. Paralysis of respiratory muscles can follow ingestion of anatoxin-A, which acts like nicotine, anatoxin-A(s), which inhibits acetylcholinesterase, or saxitoxins, which block sodium channels. Brevetoxins and ciguatoxins cause cell death, neurotoxicity, and respiratory irritation. Manatees, dolphins, and fish-eating birds have died from brevetoxin poisoning. In humans, ciguatera poisoning is common after eating contaminated large predatory fish from coral reefs. Okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins in shellfish cause severe diarrhea. Domoic acid contaminates shellfish and fish, and persistent neurotoxicity affects people, fish-eating birds and marine mammals. Preventing nutrient pollution and climate change, and restoring watershed biodiversity can prevent many harmful algal blooms.

Amphibians are the vertebrate group with the highest percentage of species listed as decreasing and threatened with extinction. They are in this predicament because of their unique life histories and adaptations that make them ecological lynchpins, in concert with many uninformed and unwise choices of modern societies. Amphibians are being devastated by losses of habitat, overharvest, climate change, exotic species, infectious pathogens, and contaminants—and many interactions among these stressors. Among the ~ 8000 species of amphibians, there are > 7000 species of frogs, 700 species of salamanders, and 200 species of caecilians, but very few species have been studied in regard to their health needs or the impacts of chemical contaminants. Different groups, species within groups, and developmental stages of amphibians have different exposures to contaminants and varied susceptibilities. Contaminants can cause direct toxicity that may affect any and all body systems and processes. They may also alter ecosystems in ways that deprive amphibians of oxygen, food, shelter, and hygiene. Highly important contaminants that harm amphibians directly and/or indirectly include nutrients, acids, heavy metals, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and salts. Vigorous ecological restoration efforts that include ways to avoid chemical contamination hold promise for recovery of our charismatic amphibian relatives.

Introduction: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients are in great need of effective immunotherapies. STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) plays a central role in mounting innate and adaptive immune responses to tumor cells. Activation of the STING pathway leads to the induction of inflammatory cytokines (IFN-α/β, TNF-α, IL-6 and CXCL10), maturation and activation of dendritic cells (DC), and induction of anti-tumor T cells. Our group has developed a novel STING agonist, VB-85247. Here we use a murine NMIBC model to report the potent antitumor effect of VB-85247 compared to standard of care BCG and anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor therapy currently used in the management of NMIBC. Methods: We developed a mouse model of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) utilizing orthotopically implanted MB49-Luc cells, permitting BLI (Bioluminescence) measurement of tumor growth by In Vivo Imaging Systems (IVIS). Results: VB-85247 was found to bind to mouse STING and all major variants of human STING protein. VB-85247 induced high levels of IFN-β and other cytokines across cells from different species, including primary human bladder epithelial cells. VB-85247 treatment by intravesical instillation in the mouse model of NMIBC resulted in dose dependent tumor regression starting after the first treatment, achieving up to a 100% complete response rate at the 40 µg dose level after 5 weekly treatments. The treatment was well tolerated, eliciting strong and durable anti-tumor immune responses without any mortality. All cured mice rejected a re-challenge with MB49-Luc cells with no further treatment, demonstrating long-lasting anti-tumor immunity. By contrast, BCG treatment in the same model was not efficacious. Combination with anti-PD1 treatment reduced the dose of VB-85247 needed to achieve 100% complete responses to 20 µg, whereas anti-PD1 treatment alone resulted in only 25% complete responses. In addition, a single dose of 40 µg VB-85247 by bladder instillation in the NMIBC model induced systemic immune responses including serum cytokines demonstrating Type I IFN responses plus DC mobilization and activation in the blood, draining lymph nodes, and spleen within 24 hours. Conclusions: The STING agonist VB-85247 was well tolerated and displayed robust efficacy by bladder instillation in a mouse orthotopic tumor model of NMIBC, achieving up to 100% complete responses. All cured mice rejected fresh inoculations of tumor cells with no further treatment, demonstrating induction of immunologic memory. Treatment with BCG was not efficacious in the model. These results suggest the potential utility of the VB-85247 STING agonist in the treatment of BCG unresponsive NMIBC patients. Based on these data, VB-85247 is being advanced to clinical development. Citation Format: Miglena Prabagar, Venu Bommireddy, Rachael Siegel, Haihua Zheng, Lee Pellegrino, Stanley Nawoschik, Albert Uveges, Steven Paget, Ku Lu, Krista Saufler, Axel Metzger, David Diller, Jason Trama, Grant Gallagher, Chia-Yu Huang, Brian McGuinness, James R. Beasley, Michael McQueney, Martin Adelson, Gary L. Schieven, Eli Mordechai, Rukiye-Nazan Eraslan. The novel STING agonist VB-85247 induces robust durable antitumor immune responses by intravesical administration in a non-muscle invasive bladder cancer model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 524.

This study reports the development, characterization, and cross-species transferability of 20 genomic microsatellite markers for Aronia melanocarpa, an important nutraceutical fruit crop. The markers were developed with Illumina paired-end genomic sequencing technology using DNA from Professor Ed cultivar that was originally collected from the wild in New Hampshire. The markers were highly polymorphic and transferable to Aronia arbutifolia and Aronia prunifolia genomes. The average number of alleles per locus was 9.1, 4.5, and 5.6 for A. melanocarpa, A. arbutifolia, and A. prunifolia, respectively. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of loci ranged from 0.38 to 0.95 for all taxa, with an average of 0.80, 0.68, and 0.87 for A. melanocarpa, A. arbutifolia, and A. prunifolia, respectively. This is the first study to develop microsatellite markers in the Aronia genus. These markers will be very useful in studying the genetic diversity and population structure of wild Aronia and expediting the breeding efforts of this emerging fruit crop through marker-assisted selection.

Forty-four species of Colletotrichum are confirmed as present in Australia based on DNA sequencing analyses. Many of these species were identified directly as a result of two workshops organised by the Subcommittee on Plant Health Diagnostics in Australia in 2015 that covered morphological and molecular approaches to identification of Colletotrichum. There are several other species of Colletotrichum reported from Australia that remain to be substantiated by DNA sequence-based methods. This body of work aims to provide a basis from which to critically examine a number of isolates of Colletotrichum deposited in Australian culture collections.

Collections of rust fungi (Pucciniales) on species of Allium in Australia have previously been identified as Puccinia allii. These identifications are unsatisfactory as P. allii is a species complex that has yet to be taxonomically resolved. Some of the cryptic species in this complex may represent new introductions and have potential biosecurity consequences for Australia. A combined morphological and molecular approach has been used to identify the species of rust on Allium collected in Australia. Three different species of rust, Puccinia alli sensu lato, P. allii sensu Gaumann (1959) and P. mixta, were identified based on the morphology of urediniospores and teliospores, and analyses of the internal transcribed spacer and large subunit regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA. One of these species, P. mixta, may not be established in Australia. The taxonomy of rusts on Allium is discussed.

Ligumia nasuta (Say, 1817; Eastern Pondmussel) is an imperiled freshwater mussel (Unionidae) in eastern North America. Population declines in the Laurentian Great Lakes resulting from the introduction of dreissenid mussels and habitat destruction in the 20th Century have greatly reduced and limited its distribution. To properly inform restoration and management efforts for L. nasuta , fine-scale genetic analyses must be performed on the remnant populations. This study used Illumina paired-end shotgun sequencing to identify potential microsatellite loci for L. nasuta , utilizing two samples to develop the Illumina paired-end shotgun library. Forty-eight primer pairs were tested on the remaining 24 samples. Twenty-nine of the 48 microsatellite primer sets screened were successfully amplified using 24 L. nasuta samples collected from the Great Lakes watershed. The estimated fragment size ranged from 167 to 445 base-pairs (bp) and the number of alleles per locus varied between 5 and 16 (mean = 9.7). Only five of the loci deviated significantly from Hardy–Weinberg expectations after Bonferroni corrections. The development of these new microsatellite loci will greatly facilitate future genetic studies on L. nasuta .

Ecosystem Health, Conservation Medicine, EcoHealth, One Health, Planetary Health and GeoHealth are inter-related disciplines that underpin a shared understanding of the functional prerequisites of health, sustainable vitality and wellbeing. All of these are based on recognition that health interconnects species across the planet, and they offer ways to more effectively tackle complex real-world challenges. Herein we present a bibliometric analysis to document usage of a subset of such terms by journals over time. We also provide examples of parasitic and vector-borne diseases, including malaria, toxoplasmosis, baylisascariasis, and Lyme disease. These and many other diseases have persisted, emerged or re-emerged, and caused great harm to human and animal populations in developed and low income, biodiverse nations around the world, largely because of societal drivers that undermined natural processes of disease prevention and control, which had developed through co-evolution over millennia. Shortcomings in addressing drivers has arisen from a lack or coordinated efforts among researchers, health stewards, societies at large, and governments. Fortunately, specialists collaborating under transdisciplinary and socio-ecological health umbrellas are increasingly integrating established and new techniques for disease modeling, prediction, diagnosis, treatment, control, and prevention. Such approaches often emphasize conservation of biodiversity for health protection, and they provide novel opportunities to increase the efficiency and probability of success. Keywords: Baylisascariasis, Conservation Medicine, EcoHealth, Ecosystem Health, GeoHealth, Integrative research, Lyme disease, Malaria, One Health, Planetary Health, Social-ecological systems, Toxoplasmosis, Transdisciplinarity

The power of citizen science to contribute to both science and society is gaining increased recognition, particularly in physics and biology. Although there is a long history of public engagement in agriculture and food science, the term ‘citizen science’ has rarely been applied to these efforts. Similarly, in the emerging field of citizen science, most new citizen science projects do not focus on food or agriculture. Here, we convened thought leaders from a broad range of fields related to citizen science, agriculture, and food science to highlight key opportunities for bridging these overlapping yet disconnected communities/fields and identify ways to leverage their respective strengths. Specifically, we show that (i) citizen science projects are addressing many grand challenges facing our food systems, as outlined by the United States National Institute of Food and Agriculture, as well as broader Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations Development Programme, (ii) there exist emerging opportunities and unique challenges for citizen science in agriculture/food research, and (iii) the greatest opportunities for the development of citizen science projects in agriculture and food science will be gained by using the existing infrastructure and tools of Extension programmes and through the engagement of urban communities. Further, we argue there is no better time to foster greater collaboration between these fields given the trend of shrinking Extension programmes, the increasing need to apply innovative solutions to address rising demands on agricultural systems, and the exponential growth of the field of citizen science.

The high critical temperature superconductor Lanthanum Barium Copper Oxide (La2-xBaxCuO4 or LBCO) exhibits a strong anomaly in critical temperature at 1/8th doping, nematicity, and other interesting properties. We report here Scanning Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) imaging of the magnetic fields and susceptibility in a number of thin film LBCO samples with doping in the vicinity of the 1/8th anomaly. Spatially resolved measurements of the critical temperatures of these samples do not show a pronounced depression at 1/8th doping. They do, however, exhibit strong, nearly linear modulations of the susceptibility ("straie") of multiple samples with surprisingly long periods of 1-4 microns. Counterintuitively, vortices trap in positions of largest diamagnetic susceptibility in these striae. Given the rich interplay of different orders in this material system and its known sensitivity to epitaxial strain, we propose phase separation as a possible origin of these features and discuss scenarios in which that might arise.

A multi-scale and multi-object interaction phenomena can arise when a group of walking pedestrians crosses a structure capable of exhibiting dynamic response. This is because each pedestrian is an autonomous dynamic system capable of displaying intricate behaviour affected by social, psychological, biomechanical and environmental factors, including adaptations to the structural motion. Despite a wealth of mathematical models attempting to describe and simulate coupled crowd-structure system, their applicability can generally be considered uncertain. This can be assigned to a number of assumptions made in their development and the scarcity or unavailability of data suitable for their validation, in particular those associated with pedestrian-pedestrian and pedestrian-structure interaction. To alleviate this problem, data on behaviour of individual pedestrians within groups of six walkers with different spatial arrangements are gathered simultaneously with data on dynamic structural response of a footbridge, from a series of measurements utilising wireless motion monitors. Unlike in previous studies on coordination of pedestrian behaviour, the collected data can serve as a proxy for pedestrian vertical force, which is of critical importance from the point of view of structural stability. A bivariate analysis framework is proposed and applied to these data, encompassing wavelet transform, synchronisation measures based on Shannon entropy and circular statistics. A topological pedestrian map is contrived showing the strength and directionality of between-subjects interactions. It is found that the coordination in pedestrians’ vertical force depends on the spatial collocation within a group, but it is generally weak. The relationship between the bridge and pedestrian behaviour is also analysed, revealing stronger propensity for pedestrians to coordinate their force with the structural motion rather than with each other.

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms have adversely impacted human and animal health for thousands of years. Recently, the health impacts of harmful cyanobacteria blooms are becoming more frequently detected and reported. However, reports of human and animal illnesses or deaths associated with harmful cyanobacteria blooms tend to be investigated and reported separately. Consequently, professionals working in human or in animal health do not always communicate findings related to these events with one another. Using the One Health concept of integration and collaboration among health disciplines, we systematically review the existing literature to discover where harmful cyanobacteria-associated animal illnesses and deaths have served as sentinel events to warn of potential human health risks. We find that illnesses or deaths among livestock, dogs and fish are all potentially useful as sentinel events for the presence of harmful cyanobacteria that may impact human health. We also describe ways to enhance the value of reports of cyanobacteria-associated illnesses and deaths in animals to protect human health. Efficient monitoring of environmental and animal health in a One Health collaborative framework can provide vital warnings of cyanobacteria-associated human health risks.