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The article presents a comparative analysis of the clinical effectiveness of bone augmentation materials, in particular, compositions including multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of adipose tissue and platelet-enriched plasma, used to fill bone defects during the operation of third molars extraction. The criteria for the effectiveness of treatment at the stage of the early postoperative period in the participants included the assessment of the pain intensity, collateral oedema and hyperaemia of the oral mucosa after the surgery. The aim of the study is to determine the clinical efficiency of osteoplastic materials and to determine the feasibility of using tissue equivalents of bone tissue based on multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of adipose tissue for healing of bone defects in patients with impacted third molars. Methods and participants. The study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Surgical Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery of Bukovynian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine. Extraction of impacted third molars surgery was performed on 72 patients. After the tooth extraction, 31.94% of them underwent bone augmentation by osteoplastic material “Colapan–L” (group A); 41.67% of patients had bone augmentation with a combination of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of adipose tissue+”Colapan–L”+platelet-rich plasma (group B), and in the rest, 26.39% of patients, wound healing occurred under a blood clot (group C). Postoperative pain syndrome was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) based on patients' subjective feeling of pain. Visual assessment of the severity of collateral oedema and hyperaemia of the oral mucosa after surgery was also performed. A scoring system was used to determine the severity of collateral oedema. To assess the state of the postoperative period in patients of all study groups, a protocol was completed daily during the hospital stay period that reflected the most important data of an objective and subjective nature. During the procedure of morning dressings, we analyzed patients' complaints and evaluated general and local status: presence of appetite, quality of sleep, wound pain, postoperative oedema, hematoma, and hyperaemia of the oral mucosa, presence of secretions from the wound, body temperature, and type of wound healing. The study has demonstrated that at the final stage of postoperative follow-up the 89.31% of patients who received a combination of “Colapan–L” with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of adipose tissue and platelet-rich plasma reported no pain that is 1.2 times p10.05 that the indicators of group B, where the healing of the bone defect developed without osteoplastic materials. The absence of hyperaemia of the oral mucosa was found in 92.37% of the patients in groups B, which was 1.3 and 1.4 times higher than the values obtained in groups A and B, p1

The article presents a comparative analysis of the clinical effectiveness of osteoplastic materials, in particular a preparation based on multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of adipose tissue and platelet-enriched plasma used to fill bone defects during the socket augmentation after the tooth extraction. The criteria to assess the therapy effectiveness at the stage of the early postoperative period included the intensity of pain and the amount of collateral oedema after surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of osteoplastic materials to augment the volume of the alveolar bone during the operation of socket augmentation after the tooth extraction. Setting of this study: Bukovynian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine. The study included 85 patients. The procedure of socket augmentation was performed by using "Kolapan - L" (28.57% of individuals, subgroup A), by combinations of MMSK AT + "Kolapan - L" + PRP (46.43% of individuals, subgroup B); the subgroup C included individuals (25.0%) whose wounds after tooth extraction healed by the formation a blood clot. The assessment of postoperative pain was performed by applying the digital rating scale (Numerical Rating Scale, NRS), taking into account the subjective pain in the patients. The subjects underwent visual assessment of the severity of collateral oedema after the tooth extraction surgery. To determine the dynamics of the severity of oedema we used a scoring system. The study demonstrated the patients of the subgroup B, who received the socket augmentation with "Kolapan - L" + MMSC-AT + PRP, experienced no pain at the final stage of postoperative observation (89.31% of cases) that was 1.2 times higher (p1 0, 05). At the final postoperative stages, no collateral oedema was seen in 98.47% of the participants of the subgroups B that exceed the number of cases in the subgroup A where the bone defect was augmented by "Kolapan - L", in 1.2 times (p1

The aim is to find out the chronological sequence of appearance of germs and peculiarities of development of bones of the skull base at an early period of human ontogenesis.Material and methods. 17 series of consecutive histological sections of specimens of embryos and prefetuses aged from 4 till 12 weeks of intrauterine development (IUD) using a complex methods of morphological examination (anthropometry, morphometry, histological sections, three-dimensional computer reconstruction) were studied.Results. Chondrification of the ectomeningeal capsule begins in the 7 th week of IUD (prefetuses 14.0-16.0 mm of parieto-coccygeal length (PCL)) and there are 3 pairs of cartilaginous sources of the bones of the skull base: parachordal cartilage (behind the pituitary gland); pituitary cartilage (on both sides of the pituitary gland); prechordal cartilage (in front of the pituitary gland) are defined. The bones of the skull base are formed as a result of endochondral osteogenesis, while most skull bones are characterized by membranous osteogenesis. At the 8th week of IUD chondrocranium is defined as a holistic structure, continuous with the anlage of the skull, so the morphogenesis of some skull bones is both cartilaginous and membranous. The first of the cartilaginous anlages of the skull base was found parachordal cartilage behind the pituitary gland. Pituitary cartilages are formed around the rudiment of the pituitary gland. Laterally, the centers of chondrification occur in the anlage of orbitosphenoidal cartilages, which are the sources of the development of small alars of the sphenoid bone. The alar-sphenoidal cartilages are the sources of the large alars of the sphenoid bone. The anterolateral process of the orbitosphenoidal cartilage occurs near the orbital part of the anlage of the frontal bone. At the 7 th weeks of IUD, the skull base contains separate foci of chondrogenesis, and at the end of the 8th week of IUD they merge into a single perforated main cartilaginous plate with primitive vascular-nerve openings.Conclusions. 1. In the development of the base and calvaria of the human skull 3 consecutive stages can be distinguished: 1) the emergence of the mesenchymal source (ectomeningeal capsule); 2) the formation of cartilaginous anlages through the development and fusion of numerous individual foci of chondrogenesis in the mesenchyme; 3) ossification of the cartilaginous anlages of more than 100 foci of osteogenesis. 2. The processes of chondrification of the anlages of the skull base are observed at the beginning of the prefetal period of ontogenesis (the 7 th week of the IUD), and at the end of the 8 th week of the IUD as a whole the cartilaginous base of the human skull is formed.

Лікування гнійно-запальних захворювань є однією з найбільш актуальних проблем хірургічної стоматології і забезпечується застосуванням різноманітних лікарських засобів, серед яких провідне місце займають антисептики, антибіотики, детоксикуючі засоби, препарати з сорбційним механізмом дії, серед яких «Гелевин», «Регенкур». Мета дослідження – враховуючи сучасний підхід до місцевого лікування гнійно-некротичних ран, доцільно застосовувати лікарський засіб, який би виявляв одночасно сорбційну, детоксикуючу та пролонговану протеолітичну дії. Матеріали і методи. В роботі використано композицію, яка містить білокфіксуючий сорбент полісорб (не менше 96 %), кристалічний трипсин та антисептик етоній, який, крім того, виконує функцію стабілізатора протеолітичної активності. Для оцінки ефективності застосування композиції використовували клінічні дані та показник лейкоцитозу. Результати досліджень обробляли статистично. Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Результати спостережень на 48 хворих з аденофлегмонами щелепно-лицевої ділянки показали, що застовування композиції «Лізетокс», яка містить полісорб, трипсин та етоній, підвищує ефективність лікування: на 2 доби раніше зникає біль та інфільтрація тканин навколо рани, на добу швидше проходить запальна контрактура нижньої щелепи та гіперемія шкіри. Нормалізація кількості лейкоцитів периферійної крові та повне очищення рани відбувається на 2 доби швидше. Висновки. Включення композиції «Лізетокс» у комплекс лікування пришвидшує очищення та детоксикацію гнійної рани.

У статті показано, що ефективність підготовки лікарів-інтернів до ліцензійного інтегрованого іспиту “Крок-3. Стоматологія” визначається якістю навчання на профільних кафедрах з використанням сучасних комп’ютерних технологій.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of pineal gland functional state on the prooxydant processes and antioxidant system in the gingival tissues. Male rats were assigned into one of the following groups in accordance with the duration of photoperiod: 1) control--natural daylight; 2) permanent darkness for 14 days; 3) permanent light for 14 days. The following parameters were measured in gingival tissues and the blood serum: 1) prooxidant factors (dieneconjugates--DC and malonic dialdehyde--MD); 2) antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase--SOD and catalase). The present findings indicate that the gingival tissue of rats reacts to the changes in the duration of photoperiod by peroxidation and activity of antioxidant enzymes. The antioxidant-prooxidant index under dark conditions (high function of the pineal gland) was lower than under condition of permanent light ("physiological" pinealectomy). Different durations of photoperiod change the intensity of free radical oxidation and the activity of antioxidant enzymes at the systemic level (blood serum) and much more at the organ level (tissues of gingiva). Our data suggest that the gingival tissues possess rather powerful protective antioxidant system, which depends on the functional state of the pineal gland.

It is shown in experiments that intermittent hypoxia (equivalent to the altitude 4000 meters, 2 hours per day for 14 days) changes the capacity of the oxidized modification of proteins (OMP) in the gingival tissues of immature albino rats. The result of hypoxic effects depends on the sex of animals: in males it causes a decrease of proteins peroxidation intensity both of basic and neutral nature; in females – only a tendency to decrease of the basic OMP.Functional state of the pineal gland changed by experimental conditions (14 days of illumination – “physiological pinealectomy”, or 14 days of darkness – stimulation of the pineal gland) influenced the effects of hypoxia on the OMP in the gingival tissues. The darkness heightens the decreasing effects of hypoxia on the capacity of OMP in the gingival, which is more pronounced in male rats.Our results suggest that by an application of combination of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia and the darkness it is possibleto prevent the process of accumulation of OMP in the gingival tissues.