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1. Determination of N* amplitudes from associated strangeness production in p+p collisions

Author: R. Münzer, L. Fabbietti, E. Epple, S. Lu, P. Klose, F. Hauenstein, N. Herrmann, D. Grzonka, Y. Leifels, M. Maggiora, D. Pleiner, B. Ramstein, J. Ritman, E. Roderburg, P. Salabura, A. Sarantsev, Z. Basrak, P. Buehler, M. Cargnelli, R. Čaplar, H. Clement, O. Czerwiakowa, I. Deppner, M. Dželalija, W. Eyrich, Z. Fodor, P. Gasik, I. Gašparić, A. Gillitzer, Y. Grishkin, O.N. Hartmann, K.D. Hildenbrand, B. Hong, T.I. Kang, J. Kecskemeti, Y.J. Kim, M. Kirejczyk, M. Kiš, P. Koczon, R. Kotte, A. Lebedev, A. Le Fèvre, J.L. Liu, V. Manko, J. Marton, T. Matulewicz, K. Piasecki, F. Rami, A. Reischl, M.S. Ryu, P. Schmidt, Z. Seres, B. Sikora, K.S. Sim, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, V. Smolyankin, K. Suzuki, Z. Tymiński, P. Wagner, I. Weber, E. Widmann, K. Wiśniewski, Z.G. Xiao, T. Yamasaki, I. Yushmanov, P. Wintz, Y. Zhang, A. Zhilin, V. Zinyuk, and J. Zmeskal
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: We present the first determination of the energy-dependent amplitudes of N⁎ resonances extracted from their decay in KΛ pairs in p+p→pK+Λ reactions. A combined Partial Wave Analysis of seven data samples with exclusively reconstructed p+p→pK+Λ events measured by the COSY-TOF, DISTO, FOPI and HADES Collaborations in fixed target experiments at kinetic energies between 2.14 to 3.5 GeV is used to determine the amplitude of the resonant and non-resonant contributions into the associated strangeness final state. The contribution of seven N⁎ resonances with masses between 1650 MeV/c2 and 1900 MeV/c2 for an excess energy between 0 and 600 MeV has been considered. The Σ–p cusp and final state interactions for the p–Λ channel are also included as coherent contributions in the PWA. The N⁎ contribution is found to be dominant with respect to the phase space emission of the pKΛ+ final state at all energies demonstrating the important role played by both N⁎ and interference effects in hadron–hadron collisions. Keywords: Partial wave analysis, Resonance, Hadrons, Strangeness, Scattering length, Hyperon–nucleon interaction
Published: 2018
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2. CBM Collaboration

Author: T. Ablyazimov, A. Abuhoza, R. Adak, J. Adamczewski-Musch, M. Adamczyk, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, F. Ahmad, N. Ahmad, S. Ahmad, A. Akindinov, P. Akishin, E. Akishina, T. Akishina, V. Akishina, M. Al-Turany, E. Alexandrov, I. Alexandrov, S. Amar-Youcef, M. Anđelić, O. Andreeva, C. Andrei, A. Andronic, Yu. Anisimov, H. Appelshäuser, A. Arend, D. Argintaru, E. Atkin, S. Avdeev, R. Averbeck, M.D. Azmi, V. Baban, M. Bach, E. Badura, S. Baginyan, T. Balle, T. Balog, S. Bandyopadhyay, P. Banerjee, N. Baranova, T. Barczyk, D. Bartoş, S. Bashir, Z. Basrak, M. Baszczyk, O. Batenkov, V. Baublis, C. Baumann, M. Baznat, K.-H. Becker, T. Bel, S. Belogurov, J. Bendarouach, I. Berceanu, A. Bercuci, E. Berdermann, A. Berdnikov, Y. Berdnikov, R. Berendes, C. Bergmann, D. Bertini, O. Bertini, C. Beşliu, O. Bezshyyko, P.P. Bhaduri, A. Bhasin, A.K. Bhati, B. Bhattacharjee, A. Bhattacharyya, T.K. Bhattacharyya, S. Biswas, D. Blau, C. Blume, Yu. Bocharov, S. Böttger, M. Borysova, T. Breitner, U. Brüning, J. Brzychczyk, A. Bubak, H. Büsching, A. Bychkov, A. Byszuk, Xu Cai, M. Cãlin, Ping Cao, R. Čaplar, G. Caragheorgheopol, I. Carević, V. Cătănescu, A. Chakrabarti, S. Chatterji, Sanatan Chattopadhyay, Subhasis Chattopadhyay, Hongfang Chen, Jianping Cheng, V. Chepurnov, S. Chernenko, A. Chernogorov, Kyung-Eon Choi, M.I. Ciobanu, G. Claus, F. Constantin, V. Covlea, M. Csanád, N. D'Ascenzo, S. Das, K. Davkov, V. Davkov, J. de Cuveland, B. Debnath, D. Dementiev, Zhi Deng, H. Deppe, I. Deppner, O. Derenovskaya, C.A. Deveaux, M. Deveaux, K. Dey, M. Dey, P. Dillenseger, V. Dobyrn, D. Doering, A. Dorokhov, A. Drozd, A.K. Dubey, S. Dubnichka, A. Dubnichkova, M. Dürr, W. Dulinski, L. Dutka, M. Dželalija, D. Emschermann, H. Engel, V. Eremin, T. Eşanu, J. Eschke, D. Eschweiler, Jongsik Eum, Huanhuan Fan, O. Fateev, I. Filozova, D. Finogeev, P. Fischer, H. Flemming, U. Frankenfeld, V. Friese, E. Friske, I. Fröhlich, J. Frühauf, Á. Fülöp, J. Gajda, T. Galatyuk, A. Galkin, V. Galkin, G. Gangopadhyay, C. García Chávez, I. Gašparić, J. Gebelein, P. Ghosh, S.K. Ghosh, M. Goffe, L. Golinka-Bezshyyko, V. Golovatyuk, S. Golovnya, V. Golovtsov, M. Golubeva, D. Golubkov, A. Gómez Ramírez, S. Gorbunov, S. Gorokhov, D. Gottschalk, P. Gryboś, A. Grzeszczuk, F. Guber, K. Gudima, A. Gupta, Yu. Gusakov, A. Haldar, S. Haldar, H. Hartmann, J. Hehner, K. Heidel, N. Heine, E. Hellbär, A. Herghelegiu, N. Herrmann, B. Heß, J.M. Heuser, A. Himmi, C. Höhne, R. Holzmann, Guangming Huang, Xinjie Huang, J. Hutsch, D. Hutter, E. Iakovleva, A. Ierusalimov, E.-M. Ilgenfritz, M. Irfan, M. Ivanov, Valery Ivanov, Victor Ivanov, Vladimir Ivanov, A. Ivashkin, K. Jaaskelainen, H. Jahan, V. Jain, V. Jakovlev, T. Janson, A. Jipa, I. Kadenko, B. Kämpfer, S. Kalcher, V. Kalinin, K.-H. Kampert, Tae Im Kang, E. Kaptur, R. Karabowicz, O. Karavichev, T. Karavicheva, D. Karmanov, V. Karnaukhov, E. Karpechev, K. Kasiński, G. Kasprowicz, M. Kaur, A. Kazantsev, U. Kebschull, G. Kekelidze, M.M. Khan, S.A. Khan, A. Khanzadeev, F. Khasanov, A. Khvorostukhin, V. Kirakosyan, M. Kirejczyk, A. Kiryakov, M. Kiš, I. Kisel, P. Kisel, S. Kiselev, A. Kiss, T. Kiss, P. Klaus, R. Kłeczek, Ch. Klein-Bösing, V. Kleipa, P. Kmon, K. Koch, L. Kochenda, P. Koczoń, W. König, M. Kohn, B.W. Kolb, A. Kolosova, B. Komkov, J.M. Kopfer, M. Korolev, I. Korolko, R. Kotte, A. Kotynia, A. Kovalchuk, S. Kowalski, M. Koziel, G. Kozlov, P. Kravtsov, E. Krebs, C. Kreidl, D. Kresan, G. Kretschmar, M. Kretz, M. Krieger, E. Kryshen, W. Kucewicz, L. Kudin, A. Kugler, I. Kulakov, J. Kunkel, A. Kurepin, P. Kurilkin, V. Kushpil, V. Kyva, V. Ladygin, C. Lara, P. Larionov, A. Laso Garcia, E. Lavrik, I. Lazanu, A. Lebedev, S. Lebedev, E. Lebedeva, J. Lehnert, J. Lehrbach, F. Lemke, Cheng Li, Jin Li, Qiyan Li, Yuanjing Li, Yulan Li, V. Lindenstruth, S. Linev, B. Linnik, E. Litvinenko, Feng Liu, I. Lobanov, E. Lobanova, S. Löchner, P.-A. Loizeau, J.A. Lucio Martínez, A. Lymanets, A. Maevskaya, S. Mahajan, D.P. Mahapatra, T. Mahmoud, P. Maj, Z. Majka, A. Malakhov, E. Malankin, D. Malkevich, O. Malyatina, H. Malygina, S. Mandal, V. Manko, S. Manz, V. Marin, A.M. Marin Garcia, J. Markert, S. Masciocchi, T. Matulewicz, M. Merkin, V. Mialkovski, J. Michel, N. Miftakhov, K. Mikhailov, V. Mikhaylov, B. Milanović, V. Militsija, M.F. Mir, D. Miskowiec, T. Morhardt, W.F.J. Müller, C. Müntz, Yu. Murin, R. Najman, L. Naumann, T. Nayak, A. Nedosekin, B. Neumann, W. Niebur, V. Nikulin, D. Normanov, M. Nüssle, A. Oancea, Kunsu Oh, Y. Onishchuk, D. Osipov, G. Ososkov, D. Ossetski, P. Otfinowski, E. Ovcharenko, S. Pal, I. Panasenko, N.R. Panda, S. Parzhitskiy, C. Pauly, Haiping Peng, I. Peric, D. Peshekhonov, V. Peshekhonov, V. Petráček, M. Petriş, A. Petrovici, M. Petrovici, A. Petrovskiy, O. Petukhov, K. Piasecki, J. Pieper, J. Pietraszko, R. Płaneta, E. Plekhanov, V. Plotnikov, V. Plujko, J. Pluta, V. Poliakov, P. Polozov, A. Pop, V. Popov, V. Pospisil, B.V.K.S. Potukuchi, J. Pouryamout, K. Poźniak, A. Prakash, M. Prokudin, I. Pshenichnov, M. Pugach, V. Pugatch, S. Querchfeld, L. Radulescu, S. Raha, W. Raja, F. Rami, R. Raniwala, S. Raniwala, A. Raportirenko, J. Rautenberg, J. Rauza, R. Ray, S. Razin, P. Reichelt, S. Reinecke, A. Reshetin, C. Ristea, O. Ristea, F. Roether, R. Romaniuk, A. Rost, E. Rostchin, I. Rostovtseva, A. Roy, J. Rożynek, Yu. Ryabov, V. Rykalin, A. Sadovsky, S. Sadovsky, R. Sahoo, P.K. Sahu, J. Saini, S. Samanta, S.S. Sambyal, V. Samsonov, J. Sánchez Rosado, S. Sau, V. Saveliev, S. Schatral, C. Schiaua, C.J. Schmidt, H.R. Schmidt, K. Schmidt, K. Schweda, A. Scurtu, F. Seck, S. Seddiki, I. Selyuzhenkov, A. Semennikov, A. Senger, P. Senger, A. Shabunov, Ming Shao, M.K. Sharma, N. Shumeiko, V. Shumikhin, B. Sikora, A. Simakov, C. Simon, C. Simons, R.N. Singaraju, A.K. Singh, B.K. Singh, C.P. Singh, V. Singhal, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, L. Škoda, I. Skwira-Chalot, I. Som, Jihye Song, I. Sorokin, Z. Sosin, D. Soyk, P. Staszel, A. Stavinskiy, E. Stephan, D. Storozhyk, M. Strikhanov, S. Strohauer, J. Stroth, C. Sturm, R. Sultanov, Yongjie Sun, O. Svoboda, R. Szczygieł, R. Talukdar, Zebo Tang, M. Tanha, J. Tarasiuk, O. Tarassenkova, M.-G. Târzilă, V. Tiflov, T. Tischler, P. Tlustý, A. Toia, T. Tolyhi, N. Topil'skaya, C. Trageser, P. Trivedy, I. Tsakov, Yu. Tsyupa, A. Turowiecki, F. Uhlig, E. Usenko, I. Valin, T. Vasiliev, I. Vassiliev, E. Verbitskaya, W. Verhoeven, A. Veshikov, R. Visinka, Y.P. Viyogi, S. Volkov, Yu. Volkov, A. Vorobiev, A. Voronin, V. Vovchenko, E. Vznuzdaev, M. Vznuzdaev, Dong Wang, Yaping Wang, Wang Yi, C. Wendisch, J.P. Wessels, M. Wiebusch, J. Wiechula, B. Wiedemann, D. Wielanek, A. Wieloch, N. Winckler, M. Winter, K. Wiśniewski, D. Wohlfeld, Gy. Wolf, Won Sanguk, J. Wüstenfeld, Changzhou Xiang, Xu Nu, Jun-Gyu Yi, Zhongbao Yin, In-Kwon Yoo, Qian Yue, B. Yuldashev, I. Yushmanov, W. Zabołotny, Yu. Zaitsev, Yu. Zanevsky, M. Zhalov, Ya Peng Zhang, Yifei Zhang, Daicui Zhou, Xianglei Zhu, A. Zinchenko, W. Zipper, M. Żoładź, P. Zrelov, V. Zryuev, P. Zumbruch, and M. Zyzak
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Published: 2014
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3. SiΛvio: A trigger for Λ-hyperons

Author: Z. Fodor, A. Lebedev, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, Xavier Bernard Lopez, P. Koczon, Z. Basrak, Xiang Yang Zhang, Vladislav Manko, K. Wiśniewski, Fouad Rami, Mihai Petrovici, K. Suzuki, Anton Andronic, T. Yamazaki, W. Reisdorf, Valerie Ramillien Barret, P. Gasik, I. Carevic, T. I. Kang, Eberhard Widmann, J. L. Liu, Y. Leifels, Byung-Sik Hong, A. Zhilin, Paul Kienle, P. Schmidt, A. Reischl, K. S. Sim, Johann Marton, Pascal Dupieux, Y. Grishkin, O. N. Hartmann, V. Charviakova, Ralf Peter Averbeck, Z. Tyminski, N. Herrmann, K. D. Hildenbrand, J. Zmeskal, Igor Gašparić, J. Kecskemeti, M. Kirejczyk, M. Berger, R. H. Munzer, B. Sikora, Paul Buehler, Nicole Bastid, Z. Seres, I. Deppner, Krzysztof Piasecki, A. Schüttauf, R. Čaplar, M. Dželalija, M. Kiš, V. T. Smolyankin, M. S. Ryu, Michael Cargnelli, Zhigang Xiao, Yongsun Kim, M. L. Benabderrahmane, P. Wagner, R. Kotte, V. Simion, T. Matulewicz, P. Crochet, V. Zinyuk, Laura Fabbietti, and I. E. Yushmanov
Subjects: Physics, silicon, Mesytec, APV25, MIPS, Λ, trigger, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Spectrometer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Hyperon, chemistry.chemical_element, Lambda-hyperons, 01 natural sciences, Vertex (geometry), Nuclear physics, Si Lambda vio, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation
Abstract: As online trigger for events containing Λ hyperons in p+p collisions at 3.1 GeV a silicon-based device has been designed and built. This system has been integrated close to the target region within the FOPI spectrometer at GSI and was also employed as a tracking device to improve the vertex reconstruction of secondary decays. The design of the detector components, read-out, the trigger capability as well as the tracking performance are presented. An enrichment factor of about 14 was achieved for events containing a Λ-hyperon candidate.
Published: 2014
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4. The CBM Collaboration

Author: A. Abuhoza, J. Adamczewski-Musch, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, F. Ahmad, N. Ahmad, S. Ahmad, A. Akindinov, P. Akishin, E. Akishina, T. Akishina, V. Akishina, M. Al-Turany, S. Amar-Youcef, M. Anđelić, C. Andrei, A. Andronic, Yu. Anisimov, H. Appelshäuser, A. Arend, D. Argintaru, T. Armbruster, E. Atkin, S. Avdeyev, M.D. Azmi, V. Baban, M. Bach, E. Badura, S. Baginyan, T. Balog, S. Bandyopadhyay, P. Banerjee, N. Baranova, D. Bartoş, S. Bashir, Z. Basrak, M. Baszczyk, O. Batenkov, V. Baublis, C. Baumann, K.-H. Becker, T. Bel, S. Belogurov, I. Berceanu, E. Berdermann, A. Berdnikov, Y. Berdnikov, R. Berendes, C. Bergmann, D. Bertini, C. Beşliu, O. Bezshyyko, P.P. Bhaduri, A. Bhasin, A.K. Bhati, B. Bhattacharjee, A. Bhattacharyya, T.K. Bhattacharyya, S. Biswas, D. Blau, C. Blume, Yu. Bocharov, S. Böttger, M. Borysova, B. Bozsogi, T. Breitner, U. Brüning, J. Brzychczyk, A. Bubak, A. Bychkov, Xu Cai, M. Cãlin, R. Čaplar, G. Caragheorgheopol, I. Carević, V. Cătănescu, A. Chakrabarti, S. Chatterji, Sanatan Chattopadhyay, Subhasis Chattopadhyay, Hongfang Chen, Jianping Cheng, V. Chepurnov, S. Chernenko, A. Chernogorov, M.I. Ciobanu, G. Claus, F. Constantin, V. Covlea, M. Csanád, N. DʼAscenzo, S. Das, K. Davkov, V. Davkov, J. de Cuveland, B. Debnath, Zhi Deng, H. Deppe, I. Deppner, O. Derenovskaya, M. Deveaux, K. Dey, M. Dey, P. Dillenseger, V. Dobyrn, D. Doering, M. Domachowski, A. Dorokhov, C.A. Dritsa, A.K. Dubey, S. Dubnichka, A. Dubnichkova, W. Dulinski, M. Dželalija, D. Emschermann, H. Engel, V. Eremin, T. Eşanu, J. Eschke, O. Fateev, P. Fischer, H. Flemming, U. Frankenfeld, V. Friese, I. Fröhlich, J. Frühauf, Á. Fülöp, J. Gajda, T. Galatyuk, A. Galkin, V. Galkin, G. Gangopadhyay, M.S. Ganti, C. García Chávez, I. Gašparić, J. Gebelein, P. Ghosh, S.K. Ghosh, M. Goffe, V. Golovatyuk, S. Golovnya, V. Golovtsov, M. Golubeva, D. Golubkov, S. Gorbunov, D. Gottschalk, P. Gryboś, A. Grzeszczuk, F. Guber, A. Gupta, Yu. Gusakov, A. Haldar, S. Haldar, M. Hartig, J. Hehner, K. Heidel, N. Heine, A. Herghelegiu, N. Herrmann, B. Heß, J.M. Heuser, A. Himmi, C. Höhne, R. Holzmann, Guangming Huang, J. Hutsch, D. Hutter, A. Ierusalimov, E.-M. Ilgenfritz, M. Irfan, Valery Ivanov, Victor Ivanov, Vladimir Ivanov, A. Ivashkin, K. Jaaskelainen, V. Jakovlev, T. Janson, A. Jipa, I. Kadenko, B. Kämpfer, S. Kalcher, V. Kalinin, K.-H. Kampert, Tae Im Kang, E. Kaptur, R. Karabowicz, O. Karavichev, T. Karavicheva, D. Karmanov, V. Karnaukhov, E. Karpechev, K. Kasiński, M. Kaur, A. Kazantsev, U. Kebschull, G. Kekelidze, M.M. Khan, S.A. Khan, A. Khanzadeev, F. Khasanov, V. Kirakosyan, M. Kirejczyk, M. Kiš, I. Kisel, P. Kisel, S. Kiselev, A. Kiss, T. Kiss, R. Kłeczek, Ch. Klein-Bösing, V. Kleipa, K. Koch, L. Kochenda, P. Koczoń, B. Kolb, B. Komkov, J.M. Kopfer, M. Korolev, I. Korolko, R. Kotte, A. Kotynia, A. Kovalchuk, S. Kowalski, M. Koziel, G. Kozlov, P. Kravtsov, C. Kreidl, D. Kresan, M. Kretz, M. Krieger, E. Kryshen, W. Kucewicz, L. Kudin, A. Kugler, I. Kulakov, J. Kunkel, A. Kurepin, V. Kyva, V. Ladygin, C. Lara, P. Larionov, A. Laso Garcia, E. Lavrik, I. Lazanu, A. Lebedev, S. Lebedev, E. Lebedeva, J. Lehrbach, F. Lemke, Cheng Li, Jin Li, Li Qyian, Yuanjing Li, Yulan Li, V. Lindenstruth, S. Linev, E. Litvinenko, Feng Liu, I. Lobanov, E. Lobanova, S. Löchner, P.-A. Loizeau, A. Lymanets, A. Maevskaya, S. Mahajan, D.P. Mahapatra, T. Mahmoud, P. Maj, Z. Majka, A. Malakhov, O. Malyatina, H. Malygina, J. Manjavidze, V. Manko, S. Manz, V. Marin, T. Matulewicz, M. Merkin, V. Mialkovski, N. Miftakhov, K. Mikhailov, B. Milanovic, V. Militsija, F. Mir, W.F.J. Müller, C. Müntz, Yu. Murin, L. Naumann, T. Nayak, B. Neumann, W. Niebur, V. Nikulin, M. Nüssle, A. Oancea, Oh Kunsu, Y. Onishchuk, G. Ososkov, D. Ossetski, P. Otfinowski, E. Ovcharenko, Pal Susanta, I. Panasenko, S. Parzhitskiy, C. Pauly, Haiping Peng, I. Peric, D. Peshekhonov, V. Peshekhonov, V. Petráček, M. Petriş, A. Petrovici, M. Petrovici, A. Petrovskiy, O. Petukhov, K. Piasecki, J. Pietraszko, E. Plekhanov, V. Plujko, V. Poliakov, P. Polozov, A. Pop, V. Popov, V. Pospisil, B.V.K.S. Potukuchi, J. Pouryamout, A. Prakash, M. Prokudin, I. Pshenichnov, V. Pugatch, S. Querchfeld, S. Raha, W. Raja, F. Rami, R. Raniwala, S. Raniwala, A. Raportirenko, J. Rautenberg, R. Ray, S. Razin, P. Reichelt, S. Reinecke, A. Reshetin, C. Ristea, O. Ristea, E. Rostchin, I. Rostovtseva, A. Roy, J. Rożynek, Yu. Ryabov, V. Rykalin, A. Sadovsky, S. Sadovsky, P.K. Sahu, J. Saini, S.S. Sambyal, V. Samsonov, J. Sanchez Rosado, V. Saveliev, S. Schatral, C. Schiaua, C.J. Schmidt, H.R. Schmidt, C. Schrader, K. Schweda, A. Scurtu, S. Seddiki, A. Semennikov, A. Senger, P. Senger, A. Shabunov, Ming Shao, M.K. Sharma, V. Shumikhin, B. Sikora, A. Simakov, C. Simon, C. Simons, R.N. Singaraju, A.K. Singh, B.K. Singh, C.P. Singh, V. Singhal, M. Singla, K. Siwek-Wilczynska, L. Škoda, Song Jihye, I. Sorokin, D. Soyk, P. Staszel, A. Stavinskiy, E. Stephan, D. Storozhyk, M. Strikhanov, J. Stroth, C. Sturm, Yongjie Sun, O. Svoboda, R. Szczygieł, R. Talukdar, Zebo Tang, O. Tarassenkova, M. Târzilă, V. Tiflov, T. Tischler, P. Tlustý, T. Tolyhi, N. Topilʼskaya, C. Trageser, P. Trivedy, I. Tsakov, Yu. Tsyupa, F. Uhlig, E. Usenko, I. Valin, T. Vasiliev, I. Vassiliev, E. Verbitskaya, W. Verhoeven, A. Veshikov, Y. Viyogi, S. Volkov, Yu. Volkov, A. Vorobiev, A. Voronin, E. Vznuzdaev, M. Vznuzdaev, Dong Wang, Yaping Wang, Yi Wang, C. Wendisch, J.P. Wessels, J. Wiechula, B. Wiedemann, M. Winter, K. Wisniewski, D. Wohlfeld, Gy. Wolf, J. Wüstenfeld, Changzhou Xiang, Xu Nu, Jun-Gyu Yi, Yin Zhongbao, In-Kwon Yoo, Qian Yue, I. Yushmanov, Yu. Zaitsev, Yu. Zanevsky, M. Zhalov, Ya Peng Zhang, Yifei Zhang, Zhou Daicui, Xianglei Zhu, A. Zinchenko, W. Zipper, M. Żoładź, P. Zrelov, V. Zryuev, P. Zumbruch, and M. Zyzak
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Published: 2013
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5. Strange meson production in Al plus Al collisions at 1.9 AGeV

Author: K. S. Sim, Michael Cargnelli, Fouad Rami, Jianli Liu, I. M. Deppner, J. Zmeskal, Xavier Bernard Lopez, P. Koczon, K. Wiśniewski, Byung-Sik Hong, Anton Andronic, R. Čaplar, Y. Leifels, I. Weber, Vladislav Manko, Peter Wagner, Paul Buehler, I. E. Yushmanov, V. Simion, Pascal Dupieux, O. Czerwiakowa, Mihai Petrovici, Ralf Peter Averbeck, A. Lebedev, Z. Basrak, A. Zhilin, P. Crochet, V. T. Smolyankin, K. Suzuki, T. I. Kang, Johann Marton, T. Matulewicz, M. Berger, M. S. Ryu, E. Widmann, Laura Fabbietti, Z. Fodor, R. Kotte, Z. Seres, M. L. Benabderrahmane, N. Herrmann, K. D. Hildenbrand, A. Le Fèvre, P. Schmidt, O. N. Hartmann, A. Schüttauf, V. Zinyuk, Y. Grishkin, B. Sikora, M. Kirejczyk, M. Kiš, R. H. Munzer, Nicole Bastid, Zhigang Xiao, Yongsun Kim, Krzysztof Piasecki, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, W. Reisdorf, Piotr Jan Gasik, Y. H. Zhang, Z. Tyminski, M. Dželalija, Igor Gašparić, J. Kecskemeti, Valerie Ramillien Barret, A. Reischl, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), FOPI, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont ( LPC ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA )
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Meson production, Meson, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Inverse, threshold: production, heavy-ion collisions, sis energies, antikaon production, kaon production, detector, matter, fopi, anisotropy, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Kinetic energy, K+, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, K: yield, K, beam: energy, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, transport theory, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), [ PHYS.NEXP ] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 010306 general physics, Anisotropy, Nuclear Experiment, Line (formation), Physics, energy: kinetic, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Phi(1020), nucleus nucleus: scattering, meson: decay, Yield (chemistry), K: production, aluminum, slope, Production (computer science), High Energy Physics::Experiment, strange meson: production
Abstract: The production of K$^+$, K$^-$ and $\varphi$(1020) mesons is studied in Al+Al collisions at a beam energy of 1.9A GeV which is close or below the production threshold in NN reactions. Inverse slopes, anisotropy parameters, and total emission yields of K$^{\pm}$ mesons are obtained. A comparison of the ratio of kinetic energy distributions of K$^-$ and K$^+$ mesons to the HSD transport model calculations suggests that the inclusion of the in-medium modifications of kaon properties is necessary to reproduce the ratio. The inverse slope and total yield of $\phi$ mesons are deduced. The contribution to K$^-$ production from $\phi$ meson decays is found to be [17 $\pm$ 3 (stat) $^{+2}_{-7}$ (syst)] %. The results are in line with previous K$^{\pm}$ and $\phi$ data obtained for different colliding systems at similar incident beam energies., Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2016
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6. Centrality dependence of subthreshold $\phi$ meson production in Ni + Ni collisions at 1.9A GeV

Author: Xavier Bernard Lopez, P. Koczon, Byung-Sik Hong, Anton Andronic, Fouad Rami, Johann Marton, R. Kotte, D. Pelte, O. N. Hartmann, Piotr Jan Gasik, A. Mangiarotti, N. Herrmann, Igor Gašparić, A. Le Fèvre, K. D. Hildenbrand, Y. Leifels, J. Kecskemeti, K. S. Sim, Y. H. Zhang, E. Cordier, Michael Cargnelli, M. Merschmeyer, M. L. Benabderrahmane, E. Widmann, V. Zinyuk, Valerie Ramillien Barret, M. Berger, J. Zmeskal, Gabriel Stoicea, Z. Fodor, I. Weber, B. Sikora, Zhigang Xiao, Z. Seres, A. Reischl, Mihai Petrovici, Laura Fabbietti, Yongsun Kim, Ralf Peter Averbeck, W. Reisdorf, Peter Wagner, Paul Buehler, P. Schmidt, Z. Tyminski, M. Kiš, K. Suzuki, M. Dželalija, P. Crochet, K. Wiśniewski, Pascal Dupieux, T. I. Kang, O. Czerwiakowa, Z. Basrak, Jianli Liu, M. Korolija, I. M. Deppner, A. Lebedev, R. H. Munzer, Nicole Bastid, V. Simion, T. Matulewicz, Krzysztof Piasecki, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, I. E. Yushmanov, A. Schüttauf, R. Čaplar, M. Kirejczyk, H. S. Xu, Y. Grishkin, V. T. Smolyankin, M. S. Ryu, Vladislav Manko, A. Zhilin, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont ( LPC ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ), FOPI, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Particle physics, heavy ion: scattering, Meson, Strangeness, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, K-: production, beam: energy, Nuclear physics, 25.75.Dw, 0103 physical sciences, [ PHYS.NEXP ] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 010306 general physics, Power function, Nuclear Experiment, impact parameter, Physics, energy: kinetic, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Phi meson, Phi(1020): multiplicity, Phi(1020): production, Exponent, FOPI, High Energy Physics::Experiment, spectrometer, Impact parameter, Centrality, 13.60.Le
Abstract: We analysed the $\phi$ meson production in central Ni+Ni collisions at the beam kinetic energy of 1.93A GeV with the FOPI spectrometer and found the production probability per event of $[8.6 ~\pm~ 1.6 ~(\text{stat}) \pm 1.5 ~(\text{syst})] \times 10^{-4}$. This new data point allows for the first time to inspect the centrality dependence of the subthreshold $\phi$ meson production in heavy-ion collisions. The rise of $\phi$ meson multiplicity per event with mean number of participants can be parameterized by the power function with exponent $\alpha = 1.8 \pm 0.6$. The ratio of $\phi$ to $\text{K}^-$ production yields seems not to depend within the experimental uncertainties on the collision centrality, and the average of measured values was found to be $0.36 \pm 0.05$., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2016
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7. Systematics of azimuthal asymmetries in heavy ion collisions in the regime

Author: M. Kiš, R. Kotte, M. S. Ryu, Philippe Crochet, Z. Tyminski, M. Dželalija, Krzysztof Piasecki, Gabriel Stoicea, T. I. Kang, Fouad Rami, K. D. Hildenbrand, M. Korolija, H. S. Xu, W. Reisdorf, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Y. Leifels, A. Zhilin, R. Čaplar, Pascal Dupieux, I. E. Yushmanov, Byung-Sik Hong, Z. Basrak, M. R. Stockmeier, Z. Fodor, M. Kirejczyk, W. Neubert, Zhigang Xiao, D. Wohlfarth, Y. J. Kim, J. Kecskemeti, K. S. Sim, Y. Grishkin, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, Nicole Bastid, A. Lebedev, M. Merschmeyer, V. T. Smolyankin, Valerie Ramillien Barret, V. Simion, Xavier Bernard Lopez, A. Schüttauf, Anton Andronic, P. Gasik, N. Herrmann, T. Matulewicz, B. Sikora, T. Kress, K. Wiśniewski, Z. Seres, P. Koczon, Mihai Petrovici, O. N. Hartmann, and Ralf Peter Averbeck
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Elliptic flow, chemistry.chemical_element, Nuclear equation of state, Observable, Nuclear physics, Azimuth, Xenon, chemistry, Isospin, Bibliography, Neutron
Abstract: Using the large acceptance apparatus FOPI, we study central and semi-central collisions in the reactions (energies in A GeV are given in parentheses): 40Ca + 40Ca (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 1.93), 58Ni + 58Ni (0.15, 0.25, 0.4), 96Ru + 96Ru (0.4, 1.0, 1.5), 96Zr + 96Zr (0.4, 1.0, 1.5), 129Xe + CsI (0.15, 0.25, 0.4), 197Au + 197Au (0.09, 0.12, 0.15, 0.25, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5). The observables include directed and elliptic flow. The data are compared to earlier data where possible and to transport model simulations. A stiff nuclear equation of state is found to be incompatible with the data. Evidence for extra-repulsion of neutrons in compressed asymmetric matter is found.
Published: 2012
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8. Systematics of central heavy ion collisions in the regime

Author: Philippe Crochet, K. D. Hildenbrand, P. Koczon, Z. Fodor, Mihai Petrovici, O. N. Hartmann, M. Kiš, M. Kirejczyk, A. Lebedev, Nicole Bastid, Z. Basrak, Krzysztof Piasecki, Y. Leifels, H. S. Xu, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, M. R. Stockmeier, K. Wiśiewski, D. Wohlfarth, Y. J. Kim, K. S. Sim, Zhigang Xiao, M. Korolija, A. Zhilin, I. E. Yushmanov, J. Kecskemeti, Y. Grishkin, M. Merschmeyer, Valerie Ramillien Barret, V. Simion, M. L. Benabderrahmane, A. Schüttauf, Pascal Dupieux, Byung-Sik Hong, T. Matulewicz, R. Čaplar, M. S. Ryu, W. Neubert, Ralf Peter Averbeck, V. T. Smolyankin, Z. Seres, W. Reisdorf, R. Kotte, T. Kress, Piotr Jan Gasik, N. Herrmann, B. Sikora, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Anton Andronic, Z. Tyminski, M. Dželalija, Fouad Rami, Gabriel Stoicea, and T. I. Kang
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Equation of state, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, chemistry.chemical_element, Observable, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Xenon, chemistry, Nucleosynthesis, Isospin, 0103 physical sciences, Cluster (physics), Bibliography, Rapidity, 010306 general physics
Abstract: Using the large acceptance apparatus FOPI, we study central collisions in the reactions (energies in A GeV are given in parentheses): Ca-40 + Ca-40 (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 1.93), Ni-58 + Ni-58 (0.15, 0.25, 0.4), Ru-96+Ru-96 (0.4, 1.0. 1.5), (96)zr+(96)zr 1.0, 1.5), Xe-129+CsI (0.15, 0.25, 0.4), Au-197 + Au-197 (0.09, 0.12, 0.15, 0.25, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5). The observables include cluster multiplicities, longitudinal and transverse rapidity distributions and stopping, and radial flow. The data are compared to earlier data where possible and to transport model simulations. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2010
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9. Systematics of pion emission in heavy ion collisions in the regime

Author: T. I. Kang, K. D. Hildenbrand, M. Korolija, Zhigang Xiao, M. Merschmeyer, Z. Seres, Valerie Ramillien Barret, Pascal Dupieux, K. Wiśniewski, P. Koczon, Z. Fodor, Philippe Crochet, Gabriel Stoicea, M. Kiš, T. Kress, Y. Leifels, M. R. Stockmeier, N. Herrmann, X. Lopez, Fouad Rami, Y. J. Kim, A. Lebedev, H. S. Xu, D. Wohlfarth, K. S. Sim, Y. Grishkin, Byung-Sik Hong, Z. Tyminski, J. Kecskemeti, R. Kotte, R. Čaplar, W. Neubert, Z. Basrak, M. Dželalija, M. Kirejczyk, B. Sikora, V. T. Smolyankin, V. Simion, Anton Andronic, A. Zhilin, T. Matulewicz, A. Schüttauf, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Nicole Bastid, I. E. Yushmanov, W. Reisdorf, Mihai Petrovici, O. N. Hartmann, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, and M. S. Ryu
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Elliptic flow, Observable, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, Transverse plane, Pion, Isospin, 0103 physical sciences, Rapidity, 010306 general physics, Anisotropy
Abstract: Using the large acceptance apparatus FOPI, we study pion emission in the reactions (energies in A GeV are given in parentheses): 40Ca + 40Ca (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 1.93), 96Ru + 96Ru (0.4, 1.0, 1.5), 96Zr + 96Zr (0.4, 1.0, 1.5), 197Au + 197Au (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5). The observables include longitudinal and transverse rapidity distributions and stopping, polar anisotropies, pion multiplicities, transverse momentum spectra, ratios ( π + / π − ) of average transverse momenta and of yields, directed flow, elliptic flow. The data are compared to earlier data where possible and to transport model simulations.
Published: 2007
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10. Influence ofϕmesons on negative kaons in Ni + Ni collisions at1.91A GeV beam energy

Author: M. Kiš, Philippe Crochet, Ken Suzuki, Byung-Sik Hong, Laura Fabbietti, Krzysztof Piasecki, Y. Leifels, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Zhigang Xiao, K. D. Hildenbrand, Fouad Rami, Ya-Peng Zhang, R. Čaplar, P. Wagner, Anton Andronic, Y. Grishkin, M. Dželalija, Paul Buehler, R. Kotte, J. L. Liu, Y. J. Kim, K. S. Sim, P. Gasik, I. E. Yushmanov, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, W. Reisdorf, A. Le Fèvre, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Johann Marton, V. Simion, Mihai Petrovici, Vladislav Manko, O. N. Hartmann, V. T. Smolyankin, M. S. Ryu, T. Matulewicz, Michael Cargnelli, J. Zmeskal, V. Zinyuk, A. Zhilin, B. Sikora, N. Herrmann, A. Schüttauf, M. Berger, Z. Seres, T. I. Kang, I. Weber, Ralf Peter Averbeck, Z. Tyminski, Z. Fodor, Pascal Dupieux, O. Czerwiakowa, Z. Basrak, Eberhard Widmann, P. Schmidt, A. Lebedev, K. Wis̈niewski, P. Koczon, I. M. Deppner, Valerie Ramillien Barret, A. Reischl, M. Kirejczyk, Igor Gašparić, J. Kecskemeti, R. H. Munzer, and Nicole Bastid
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Meson production, Meson, Nuclear Theory, Inverse, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Kinetic energy, Beam energy
Abstract: $\ensuremath{\phi}$ and ${\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ mesons from Ni+Ni collisions at the beam energy of $1.91A$ GeV have been measured by the FOPI spectrometer, with a trigger selecting central and semicentral events amounting to 52% of the total cross section. The phase-space distributions, and the total yield of ${\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, as well as the kinetic energy distribution and the total yield of $\ensuremath{\phi}$ mesons are presented. The $\ensuremath{\phi}/$ ${\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ratio is found to be $0.44\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07{(\text{stat})}_{\ensuremath{-}0.10}^{+0.16}(\text{syst})$, meaning that about 22% of ${\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ mesons originate from the decays of $\ensuremath{\phi}$ mesons, occurring mostly in vacuum. The inverse slopes of direct kaons are up to about 15 MeV larger than the ones extracted within the one-source model, signaling that a considerable share of gap between the slopes of ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ could be explained by the contribution of $\ensuremath{\phi}$ mesons to negative kaons.
Published: 2015
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11. Shape parameters of the participant source in Ru + Ru collisions at

Author: V. Simion, M. Dželalija, E. Cordier, K. D. Hildenbrand, A. Schuettauf, Gabriel Stoicea, N. Herrmann, V. T. Smolyankin, Philippe Crochet, Z. Tyminski, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Z. Fodor, P. Wagner, A. Gobbi, B. de Schauenburg, Fouad Rami, Igor Gašparić, Y. Leifels, J. Kecskemeti, M. Merschmeyer, Valerie Ramillien Barret, Z. Basrak, I. E. Yushmanov, R. Kotte, D. Pelte, M. R. Stockmeier, D. Wohlfarth, Z. Seres, A. Bendarag, M. Kirejczyk, Nicole Bastid, R. Čaplar, M. M. Smolarkiewicz, Y. Grishkin, Zhigang Xiao, Yongsun Kim, Mihai Petrovici, Byung-Sik Hong, O. N. Hartmann, T. Kress, Alexandre Lebedev, W. Neubert, J. P. Alard, Vladislav Manko, W. Reisdorf, I. J. Soliwoda, A. Mangiarotti, A. Zhilin, Pascal Dupieux, M. Korolija, K. Wiśniewski, P. Koczon, B. Sikora, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Anton Andronic, K. S. Sim, D. Moisa, and K. Siwek-Wilczyńska
Subjects: Nuclear reaction, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Gaussian, Nuclear Theory, Nuclear physics, Momentum, symbols.namesake, Cross section (physics), Flow (mathematics), Phase space, Isospin, symbols, Impact parameter, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: New results on nuclear collective flow are presented for central and semi-central Ru + Ru collisions at 400 A MeV measured with the FOPI detector at GSI-Darmstadt. The source shape parameters, flow angle and aspect ratios, are extracted from Gaussian fits to in-plane and out-of-plane momentum distributions. The orientation and the shape of the source exhibit different trends according to the investigated phase space region. The shape parameters of the participant source are studied as a function of the particle mass and collision centrality. The flow angle is found to be independent of the particle mass. Both the flow angle and the aspect ratios depend sensitively on the impact parameter. Detailed comparisons with the predictions of the isospin quantum molecular dynamics model are performed. It is shown in particular that the source shape parameters permit to extract information on the in-medium nucleon–nucleon cross section.
Published: 2004
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12. Cell-size and generalized entropy determination in heavy-ion reactions

Author: R. Čaplar, M. Dželalija, and Z. Basrak
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Nuclear Theory, heavy-ion collisions, entropy, Au+Au, Thermodynamics, Heavy ion, Nuclear Experiment, Cell size
Abstract: We propose a way for a cell-size determination in momentum space assuming the uniformly distributed nucleons in configuration space at the time of freeze-out. Then, using the nucleon occupation probability function in momentum space, we discuss the possibility for a generalized-entropy determination in heavy-ion reaction systems at freeze-out.
Published: 2004
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13. Sub-threshold φ-meson yield in central collisions

Author: A. Mangiarotti, N. Herrmann, P.R. Maurenzig, A. Gobbi, R. Kotte, J. Kecskemeti, Y. Leifels, J.P. Alard, A. Andronic, R. Averbeck, V. Barret, Z. Basrak, N. Bastid, I. Belyaev, A. Bendarag, G. Berek, R. Čaplar, P. Crochet, A. Devismes, P. Dupieux, M. Dž, Ch. Finck, Z. Fodor, Y. Grishkin, O. Hartmann, K.D. Hildenbrand, B. Hong, Y.J. Kim, M. Kirejczyk, P. Koczoń, M. Korolija, T. Kress, R. Kutsche, A. Lebedev, V. Manko, M. Merschmeyer, D. Moisa, A. Nianine, W. Neubert, D. Pelte, M. Petrovici, C. Plettner, F. Rami, W. Reisdorf, B. de Schauenburg, D. Schü, Z. Seres, B. Sikora, K.S. Sim, V. Simion, K. Siwek-Wilczyń, V. Smolyankin, M. Stockmeier, G. Stoicea, M. Vasiliev, P. Wagner, K. Wiś, D. Wohlfarth, I. Yushmanov, and A. Zhilin
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cross section (physics), Background subtraction, Meson, Yield (chemistry), Detector, Production (computer science), Nuclear Experiment, Phi meson, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The $\phi$-meson production cross section is measured for the first time at a sub-threshold energy of 1.93 AGeV in \nuc{58}{Ni}+\nuc{58}{Ni} central collisions. The $\phi$ data were obtained within the acceptance of the CDC/Barrel subsystem of FOPI. For a sample of $4.7\cdot 10^6$ central events, after background subtraction, 23 candidates were observed. Extensive GEANT simulations of the detector performance are shown in a thorough comparison to the real response, aiming at a good understanding of the apparatus and at a trustable determination of the efficiencies, production probability and possible systematic errors. A filter procedure is elaborated, which is meant to facilitate the comparison of any theoretical calculation or new data with the current ones. How to extrapolate the present value to a $\phi$-meson cross section in $4\pi$ is also discussed. This result on pseudo-vector mesons can now be compared to existing experimental knowledge for the same reaction at the same incident energy for various outgoing channels, $K^+$ and $K^-$ included. A significant fraction (at least 20%) of the $K^-$-mesons is originating in the decay of the $\phi$, supporting the statement that the two channels are strongly correlated.
Published: 2003
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14. Azimuthal emission patterns ofK+and ofK−mesons in Ni + Ni collisions near the strangeness production threshold

Author: Philippe Crochet, M. S. Ryu, Paul Buehler, W. Reisdorf, Johann Zmeskal, Y. Leifels, P. Wagner, Michael Cargnelli, R. Kotte, Elena Bratkovskaya, Zhigang Xiao, Igor Gašparić, A. Lebedev, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Y. J. Kim, K. S. Sim, A. Le Fèvre, J. Kecskemeti, A. Reischl, Anton Andronic, P. Gasik, Vladislav Manko, K. Wiśniewski, M. Kiš, Valerie Ramillien Barret, Pascal Dupieux, Fouad Rami, Johann Marton, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, R. Čaplar, P. Koczon, M. Dželalija, I. Deppner, I. E. Yushmanov, Byung-Sik Hong, Ken Suzuki, N. Herrmann, R. H. Munzer, V. T. Smolyankin, Z. Basrak, V. Simion, Nicole Bastid, A. Zhilin, Mihai Petrovici, O. N. Hartmann, Z. Fodor, A. Schüttauf, M. Berger, B. Sikora, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Z. Seres, T. I. Kang, Laura Fabbietti, T. Matulewicz, K. D. Hildenbrand, V. Zinyuk, Eberhard Widmann, Krzysztof Piasecki, Ralf Peter Averbeck, Z. Tyminski, C. Hartnack, P. Schmidt, M. Kirejczyk, Ya-Peng Zhang, J. L. Liu, I. Carevic, and Y. Grishkin
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Meson, High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory, Elliptic flow, Strangeness production, Kinetic energy, Nuclear matter, 7. Clean energy, Azimuth, Nuclear physics, Transverse momentum, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Beam (structure)
Abstract: Azimuthal emission patterns of $K^\pm$ mesons have been measured in Ni + Ni collisions with the FOPI spectrometer at a beam kinetic energy of 1.91 A GeV. The transverse momentum $p_{T}$ integrated directed and elliptic flow of $K^{+}$ and $K^{-}$ mesons as well as the centrality dependence of $p_{T}$ - differential directed flow of $K^{+}$ mesons are compared to the predictions of HSD and IQMD transport models. The data exhibits different propagation patterns of $K^{+}$ and $K^{-}$ mesons in the compressed and heated nuclear medium and favor the existence of a kaon-nucleon in-medium potential, repulsive for $K^{+}$ mesons and attractive for $K^{-}$ mesons.
Published: 2014
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15. Results from FOPI on strangeness in nuclear matter at SIS energies

Author: M. R. Stockmeier, W. Reisdorf, Kin Sing Stephen Lee, T. Kress, M. Dželalija, A. Somov, V. T. Smolyankin, M. Korolija, R. Kotte, B. de Schauenburg, D. Pelte, G. Berek, A. Devismes, A. Bendarag, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, R. Čaplar, A. Gobbi, A. Nianine, P. Wagner, Valerie Ramillien Barret, R. Averbeck, D. Moisa, Byung-Sik Hong, K. Wiśniewski, Anton Andronic, Y. Leifels, I. E. Yushmanov, Y. Grishkin, N. Cindro, P. Crochet, Alexandre Lebedev, V. Simion, M. Eskef, W. Neubert, Nicole Bastid, Z. Fodor, N. Herrmann, R. Kutsche, J. P. Alard, D. Schüll, O. Hartmann, Kwang Souk Sim, Pascal Dupieux, B. Sikora, H. Merlitz, F. Rami, M. A. Vasiliev, Z. Basrak, M. Kowalczyk, J. Kecskemeti, I. Belyaev, J. T. Yang, Ch. Finck, Gabriel Stoicea, C. Plettner, Vladislav Manko, M. Kirejczyk, S. Mohren, D. Wohlfarth, A. Zhilin, Yongsun Kim, P Koczon, Z. Seres, Mihai Petrovici, and K.D. Hildenbrand
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Flow (mathematics), Phase space, Nuclear Theory, Detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Strangeness, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear matter
Abstract: Experimental data on charged kaon phase space distributions and strangeness sideward flow measured with the FOPI detector at SIS/GSI are presented. Comparisons are made with the predictions of transport models investigating the in-medium kaon-nucleon potential.
Published: 2001
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16. On the space-time difference of proton and composite particle emission in central heavy-ion reactions at 400 A· MeV

Author: M. Eskef, A. Somov, K. Wiśniewski, R. Kotte, D. Pelte, Y. Leifels, Philippe Crochet, Mihai Petrovici, D. Schüll, N. Cindro, N. Bendarag, Byung-Sik Hong, Alexandre Lebedev, W. Neubert, Nicole Bastid, Pascal Dupieux, Peter Wagner, M. Kowalczyk, D. Wohlfarth, K. S. Lee, T. Kress, J. P. Alard, H. Merlitz, M. Dželalija, Z. Basrak, Y. Yushmanov, Y. Grishkin, D. Moisa, Z. Fodor, W. Reisdorf, A. Gobbi, A. Devismes, V. Simion, B. de Schauenburg, Vladislav Manko, H. W. Barz, Ralf Peter Averbeck, R. Kutsche, A. Zhilin, M. Korolija, J. T. Yang, K. D. Hildenbrand, C. Plettner, R. Čaplar, M. Kirejczyk, Y. J. Kim, Z. Seres, Gabriel Stoicea, M. A. Vasiliev, J. Kecskemeti, A. Nianine, G. Berek, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, Anton Andronic, K. S. Sim, N. Herrmann, B. Sikora, Fouad Rami, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and FOPI
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, Relative velocity, Radius, heavy-ion, correlation function, space-time, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Charged particle, Ion, Nuclear physics, Correlation function (statistical mechanics), 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear fusion, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics
Abstract: Small-angle correlations of pairs of nonidentical light charged particles produced in central collisions of heavy ions in the A= 100 mass region at a beam energy of 400 A· MeV are investigated with the FOPI detector system at GSI Darmstadt. The difference of longitudinal correlation functions with the relative velocity parallel and anti-parallel to the center-of-mass velocity of the pair in the central source frame is studied. This method allows extracting the apparent space-time differences of the emission of the charged particles. Comparing the correlations with results of a final-state interaction model delivers quantitative estimates of these asymmetries. Time delays as short as 1~fm/c or – alternatively – source radius differences of a few tenth fm are resolved. The strong collective expansion of the participant zone introduces not only an apparent reduction of the source radius but also a modification of the emission times. After correcting for both effects a complete sequence of the space-time emission of p, d, t, 3He, α particles is presented for the first time.
Published: 1999
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17. Identification of baryon resonances in central heavy-ion collisions at energies between 1 and 2 AGeV

Author: M. Eskef, D. Pelte, G. Goebels, E. Häfele, N. Herrmann, M. Korolija, Y. Leifels, H. Merlitz, S. Mohren, M.R. Stockmeier, M. Trzaska, J.P. Alard, A. Andronic, R. Averbeck, Z. Basrak, N. Bastid, I. Belyaev, D. Best, A. Buta, R. Čaplar, N. Cindro, J.P. Coffin, P. Crochet, P. Dupieux, M. Dželalija, L. Fraysse, Z. Fodor, A. Genoux-Lubain, A. Gobbi, K.D. Hildenbrand, B. Hong, F. Jundt, J. Kecskemeti, M. Kirejczyk, R. Kotte, R. Kutsche, A. Lebedev, V. Manko, J. Mösner, D. Moisa, W. Neubert, M. Petrovici, C. Pinkenburg, C. Plettner, P. Pras, F. Rami, V. Ramillien, W. Reisdorf, J.L. Ritman, B. de Schauenburg, D. Schüll, Z. Seres, B. Sikora, V. Simion, K. Siwek-Wilczynska, V. Smolyankin, M.A. Vasiliev, P. Wagner, G.S. Wang, K. Wisniewski, D. Wohlfarth, and A. Zhilin
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Mass distribution, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Resonance, Kinetic energy, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Baryon, Nuclear physics, Pion, Isospin, 0103 physical sciences, Invariant (mathematics), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract: The mass distributions of baryon resonances populated in near-central collisions of Au on Au and Ni on Ni are deduced by defolding the $p_t$ spectra of charged pions by a method which does not depend on a specific resonance shape. In addition the mass distributions of resonances are obtained from the invariant masses of $(p, \pi^{\pm})$ pairs. With both methods the deduced mass distributions are shifted by an average value of -60 MeV/c$^2$ relative to the mass distribution of the free $\Delta(1232)$ resonance, the distributions descent almost exponentially towards mass values of 2000 MeV/c^2. The observed differences between $(p, \pi^-)$ and $(p, \pi^+)$ pairs indicate a contribution of isospin $I = 1/2$ resonances. The attempt to consistently describe the deduced mass distributions and the reconstructed kinetic energy spectra of the resonances leads to new insights about the freeze out conditions, i.e. to rather low temperatures and large expansion velocities.
Published: 1998
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18. A Simple Method for Estimating Temperatures in Central Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions: Application to <font>Au</font> + <font>Au</font> from 100 to 400 A MeV

Author: I. Mishustin, Nikola Cindro, M. Korolija, Z. Basrak, R. Čaplar, and M. Dželalija
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Nuclear Theory, General Physics and Astronomy, Thermodynamic model, Nuclear physics, medicine.anatomical_structure, Simple (abstract algebra), medicine, Neutron, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleus, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: Using a simple thermodynamic model based on the assumption of equilibrium in the colliding system, nuclear temperatures have been extracted from the data on central Au + Au collisions between 100 and 400 A MeV. The basic ingredients of the model are charged-particle and neutron multiplicities and the collective-flow energy.
Published: 1998
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19. Out-of-plane emission of nuclear matter in Au+Au collisions between 100 and 800 AMeV

Author: D. Best, L. Fraysse, D. Wohlfarth, W. Neubert, U. Sodan, J. P. Wessels, M. Trzaska, N. Cindro, N. Herrmann, Z. Basrak, P. Fintz, C. Maazouzi, R. Čaplar, F. Jundt, P. Crochet, Y. Leifels, C. Pinkenburg, D. Moisa, Th. Blaich, S. C. Jeong, S. Hölbling, G. Guillaume, M. Dželalija, C. Cerruti, T. Wienold, Pascal Dupieux, B. Sikora, R. Dona, G. S. Wang, James Ritman, Mihai Petrovici, M. A. Vasiliev, J. Biegansky, G. Mgebrishvili, V. T. Smolyankin, P. Koncz, P. Pras, Y. Korchagin, Z. Seres, Z. G. Fan, Christian Claude Kuhn, Fouad Rami, K. M. Teh, V. Simion, J. P. Coffin, I. Belyaev, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, C. Roy, J. Keczkemeti, M. Kirejczyk, Nicole Bastid, L. Tizniti, M. Krämer, D. Schüll, K. Wisniewski, A. Sadchikov, I. Legrand, B. Hong, P. Wagner, R. Kotte, D. Pelte, J. Mösner, W. Reisdorf, Vladislav Manko, A. Buta, R. P. Freifelder, A. Zhilin, V. Amouroux, K. D. Hildenbrand, E. Erö, A.L. Lebedev, J. P. Alard, Z. Fodor, and A. Gobbi
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear reaction, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Phase (waves), Charge (physics), Nuclear matter, Azimuth, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Reactions, Au-197 (Au-197, X), E=100-800 MeV/nucleon, Azimuthal anisotropy, Out-of-plane emission, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Anisotropy, Saturation (magnetic), Beam (structure)
Abstract: We present new experimental results concerning the azimuthal distributions of proton-likes, light and intermediate mass fragments at midrapidity for Au(100-800 AMeV)+Au collisions measured with the FOPI phase-I detector at GSI in Darmstadt. The azimuthal distributions are investigated as a function of the collision centrality, the incident energy, the fragment charge and transverse momentum. The azimuthal anisotropy is maximum for impact parameters around 7 fm. Intermediate mass fragments present a stronger out-of-plane emission signal than light fragments and a saturation is reached for Z greater than or equal to 4. The azimuthal anisotropy increases with the fragment transverse momentum and decreases as the incident energy increases. The azimuthal anisotropy of Z = 2 particles investigated as a function of the scaled fragment transverse momentum follows an universal curve for bombarding energies between 250-800 AMeV. A signature for a transition from in-plane to out-of-plane emission is evidenced at the lowest beam energies.
Published: 1997
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20. Charged pion production in Au on Au collisions at 1 AGeV The FOPI Collaboration

Author: Y. Leifels, Christian Claude Kuhn, E. Häfele, D. Best, Mihai Petrovici, U. Sodan, G. Goebels, James Ritman, A. Gobbi, Peter Wagner, Z. Seres, R. Čaplar, J. Mösner, W. Reisdorf, Vladislav Manko, Y. Korchagin, V. T. Smolyankin, P. Pras, I. Belyaev, J. P. Coffin, A. Buta, D. Moisa, D. Wohlfarth, A. Genoux-Lubain, V. Ramillien, G. Guillaume, G.S. Wang, F. Jundt, P. Crochet, V. Simion, D. Lambrecht, A. Zhilin, C. Roy, M. Eskef, Z. Fodor, P. Koncz, V. Amouroux, R. Kotte, M. Kirejczyk, J. P. Alard, T. Wienold, D. Pelte, J. Biegansky, M. A. Vasiliev, Anton Andronic, D. Schüll, I. Legrand, J. Kecskemeti, Nicole Bastid, P. Fintz, Fouad Rami, N. Herrmann, C. Pinkenburg, M. Korolija, Byung-Sik Hong, Alexandre Lebedev, B. Sikora, W. Neubert, M. Trzaska, N. Cindro, Pascal Dupieux, H. Merlitz, S. Mohren, J. Erö, K. D. Hildenbrand, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, Z. Basrak, and M. Dzelalija
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Equation of state, Nuclear Theory, Kinetic energy, Spectral line, Momentum, Nuclear physics, Pion, Nuclear fusion, Hermetic detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Rapidity, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Charged pions are measured with the 4π detector FOPI at GSI using the Au on Au reaction at 1.06 AGeV bombarding energy. The pion multiplicities ngp increase with the number of participants Apart. The average pion multiplicities per participant are #### and #### These values are only half as large as extrapolated from the low-mass systems studied by Harris et al. The ratio #### increases with Apart and decreases with the pion kinetic energies. The pion kinetic energy spectra have concave shapes, their parametrization in terms of thermal Boltzmann distributions yields a low (T l,π) and high (Th,π) temperature which change with the cm emission angle Θ of the pions. In the angular range 45dg is larger than , the high temperatures , are, within experimental uncertainties, the same. The inclusive polar angular distributions of pions are anisotropic, dσ/dΩ increases for forward and backward angles. The forward — backward enhancements are independent of the pion kinetic energies or the number of participants. In addition to the preferred forward — backward emission, also the enhanced emission into the transverse direction Θ = 90° is observed for pions with high energies or for pions from near-central collisions. These observations and the shape of the rapidity spectra suggest that pions, emitted from the central rapidity region, are partly rescattered by spectator matter. The strength of the rescattering process depends only weakly on the number of participants. The experimental data are compared to the results of IQMD/GEANT calculations using momentum dependent NN interactions and a hard equation of state. The calculated pion multiplicities are approximately 50% larger than experimentally determined; the existence of secondary pion sources is reproduced by the calculation, but their predicted strengths are larger than experimentally observed.
Published: 1997
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21. Shape of collective flow in highly central Au(150 A MeV)+Au collisions

Author: J. Biegansky, Peter Wagner, F. Jundt, D. Schüll, I. Legrand, A. Sadchikov, M. A. Vasiliev, V. Simion, P. Fintz, D. Best, A. Zhilin, G.S. Wang, C. Roy, S. C. Jeong, Fouad Rami, P. Crochet, S. Hölbling, Z. Seres, K. D. Hildenbrand, Z. G. Fan, Byung-Sik Hong, R. Kotte, G. Mgebrishvili, V. T. Smolyankin, P. Pras, D. Pelte, Mihai Petrovici, U. Sodan, Christian Claude Kuhn, C. Maazouzi, N. Herrmann, W. Neubert, C. Pinkenburg, Y. Leifels, J. P. Coffin, B. Sikora, James Ritman, H. Stöcker, Z. Basrak, J. Kecskemeti, M. Dzelalija, P. Koncz, Y. Korchagin, D. Wohlfarth, T. Wienold, Pascal Dupieux, Z. Fodor, A. Lebedev, Nicole Bastid, L. Fraysse, M. Trzaska, N. Cindro, L. Tizniti, J. P. Wessels, R. Čaplar, R. Donà, Vladislav Manko, V. Amouroux, J. P. Alard, I. Belyaev, M. Kirejczyk, D. Moisa, J. Mösner, A. Buta, G. Guillaume, J. Konopka, A. Gobbi, W. Reisdorf, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and FOPI
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, Flow (psychology), Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry), Nuclear Reactions. Heavy ion collisions. Nuclear matter flow. Clusters, pacs:25.70.-z, 01 natural sciences, Charged particle, Nuclear physics, Cross section (physics), Transverse plane, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Nuclear fusion, Selection method, Polar coordinate system, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract: Using the FOPI facility at GSI, charged particles (1 ≤Z≤6) produced in the Au(150 A MeV)+Au reaction have been measured at laboratory angles 1.20 < Θlab < 300. Highly central collisions have been selected with two criteria, both dealing with the longitudinal and transverse degrees of freedom of the reaction. The relevance of this selection method is supported by QMD calculations which indicate that such criteria are able to select mean impact parameters less than 2 fm. Bias effects introduced by the criteria have been evaluated. The centre-of-mass polar angle distributions of low energy clusters emitted in these central collisions, have been extracted: the intensity ratio deduced for a transverse to longitudinal emission is found to be R= 1.4 −0.4 +0.2 . Model comparisons using QMD are presented. The value of R appears to depend sensitively on the nucleon-nucleon cross section, σnn. Within this model, a value of σ=25+ - 5 mb is derived.
Published: 1997
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22. Central collisions of Au on Au at 150, 250 and 400 A·MeV

Author: W. Reisdorf, D. Best, A. Gobbi, N. Herrmann, K.D. Hildenbrand, B. Hong, S.C. Jeong, Y. Leifels, C. Pinkenburg, J.L. Ritman, D. Schüll, U. Sodan, K. Teh, G.S. Wang, J.P. Wessels, T. Wienold, J.P. Alard, V. Amouroux, Z. Basrak, N. Bastid, I. Belyaev, L. Berger, J. Biegansky, M. Bini, S. Boussange, A. Buta, R. Čaplar, N. Cindro, J.P. Coffin, P. Crochet, R. Dona, P. Dupieux, M. Dželalija, J. Erö, M. Eskef, P. Fintz, Z. Fodor, L. Fraysse, A. Genoux-Lubain, G. Goebels, G. Guillaume, Y. Grigorian, E. Häfele, S. Hölbling, A. Houari, M. Ibnouzahir, M. Joriot, F. Jundt, J. Kecskemeti, M. Kirejczyk, P. Koncz, Y. Korchagin, M. Korolija, R. Kotte, C. Kuhn, D. Lambrecht, A. Lebedev, I. Legrand, C. Maazouzi, V. Manko, T. Matulewicz, P.R. Maurenzig, H. Merlitz, G. Mgebrishvili, J. Mösner, S. Mohren, D. Moisa, G. Montarou, I. Montbel, P. Morel, W. Neubert, A. Olmi, G. Pasquali, D. Pelte, M. Petrovici, G. Poggi, P. Pras, F. Rami, V. Ramillien, C. Roy, A. Sadchikov, Z. Seres, B. Sikora, V. Simion, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, V. Smolyankin, N. Taccetti, R. Tezkratt, L. Tizniti, M. Trzaska, M.A. Vasiliev, P. Wagner, K. Wisniewski, D. Wohlfarth, and A. Zhilin
Subjects: Physics, selected central collisions, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Angular range, E=150 and 250 and 400 MeV/nucleon, Isotope, charges and yields, comparison to statistical multifragmentation models, FOS: Physical sciences, deduced radial flow, measured fragment velocity vectors, Effective nuclear charge, Charged particle, Azimuth, Nuclear physics, Transverse plane, Cross section (physics), NUCLEAR REACTIONS Au(Au,X), chemical composition, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, Quantum, quantum molecular dynamics model
Abstract: Collisions of Au on Au at incident energies of 150, 250 and 400 A MeV were studied with the FOPI-facility at GSI Darmstadt. Nuclear charge (Z < 16) and velocity of the products were detected with full azimuthal acceptance at laboratory angles of 1-30 degrees. Isotope separated light charged particles were measured with movable multiple telescopes in an angular range of 6-90 degrees. Central collisions representing about 1 % of the reaction cross section were selected by requiring high total transverse energy, but vanishing sideflow. The velocity space distributions and yields of the emitted fragments are reported. The data are analysed in terms of a thermal model including radial flow. A comparison with predictions of the Quantum Molecular Model is presented., LateX text 62 pages, plus six Postscript files with a total of 34 figures, accepted by Nucl.Phys.A
Published: 1997
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23. Evidence for collective expansion in light-particle emission following Au+Au collisions at 100, 150 and 250 A·MeV

Author: Z. Basrak, P. Morel, R. Tezkratt, A. Sadchikov, Nello Taccetti, K. D. Hildenbrand, J. P. Alard, R. Dona, Mihai Petrovici, R. Freifelder, Y. Korchagin, A. Houari, J. P. Wessels, G. Mgebrishvili, I. Legrand, V. Ramillien, Gabriele Pasquali, M. Krämer, Nicole Bastid, M. Dželalija, G. Guillaume, A. Buta, Pascal Dupieux, F. Jundt, P. Koncz, J. Erö, P. Wagner, Z. Seres, P. R. Maurenzig, D. Wohlfarth, J. Mösner, P. Fintz, J. P. Coffin, Y. Grigorian, Th. Blaich, Vladislav Manko, R. Kotte, D. Pelte, Christian Claude Kuhn, Gerard Montarou, T. Wienold, S. Hölbling, V. Simion, S. Frolov, D. Moisa, U. Sodan, Z.G. Fan, D. Schüll, M. A. Vasiliev, I. M. Belayev, A. Zhilin, F. Rami, V. Amouroux, J. Kecskemeti, S. Smolyankin, N. Herrmann, Alexandre Lebedev, B. Sikora, W. Neubert, W. Reisdorf, Alessandro Olmi, Z. Wilhelmi, R. Čaplar, A. Gobbi, M. Ibnouzahir, S. Boussange, C. Maguire, L. Berger, C. Cerruti, Zoltan Fodor, S. C. Jeong, Giacomo Poggi, Maurizio Bini, Pawel Danielewicz, I. Montbel, L. Fraysse, M. Trzaska, and N. Cindro
Subjects: Nuclear reaction, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Isotope, Hydrogen, Phase (waves), chemistry.chemical_element, Kinetic energy, Spectral line, Coincidence, Nuclear physics, chemistry, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Light-particle emission from Au+Au collisions has been studied in the bombarding-energy range 100–250 A ·MeV, using ΔE − E R telescopes in coincidence with the FOPI detector in its phase I configuration. Center-of-mass energy spectra have been measured for Z = 1,2 isotopes emitted in central collisions at CM polar angles between 60° and 90°. Evidence for a collective expansion is reported, on the basis of the mean kinetic energies of hydrogen isotopes. Comparison is presented with statistical calculations (WIX code). For CM kinetic energy spectra, fair agreement is found between data and a recently developed transport model.
Published: 1995
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24. Central Au on Au collisions

Author: J. Erö, L. Berger, S. Mohren, J. Biegansky, D. Wohlfarth, Z. Basrak, James Ritman, D. Moisa, F. Jundt, W. Reisdorf, M. Dzelalija, Giacomo Poggi, Y. Korchagin, A. Zhilin, Fouad Rami, K.D. Hildenbrand, P. R. Maurenzig, I. Montbel, E. Häfele, Z. Fodor, V. Simion, R. Bock, D. Best, A. Gobbi, Gabriele Pasquali, Christian Claude Kuhn, M. Krämer, Adriano Gobbi, Mihai Petrovici, N. Herrmann, C. Cerruti, R. Kotte, U. Sodan, G. Goebels, S. Hölbling, W.Q. Shen, D. Pelte, M. A. Vasiliev, S. Boussange, V. Ramillien, C. Pinkenburg, J. P. Coffin, R. Dona, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, J. Kecskemeti, P. Wagner, V. Amouroux, G. Mgebrishvili, Ch. Roy, B. Sikora, J. Mösner, A. Buta, M. Trzaska, D. Schüll, I. Legrand, Y. Leifels, G. Guillaume, Maurizio Bini, S. Smolyankin, I. M. Belayev, Nello Taccetti, G.S. Wang, P. Fintz, Alessandro Olmi, R. Čaplar, Y. Yatsounenko, A.L. Lebedev, Vladislav Manko, T. Wienold, J. P. Alard, Pascal Dupieux, L. Fraysse, M. Kowalczyk, N. Cindro, A. Houari, Nicole Bastid, W. Neubert, and M. Kirejczyk
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Published: 1995
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25. Velocity correlations of intermediate mass fragments produced in central collisions of Au+Au atE=150AMeV

Author: O. Houari, Z. Wilhelmi, A.L. Lebedev, C. Maguire, I. M. Belayev, M. Krämer, P. Koncz, D. Moisa, J. Mösner, D. Wohlfarth, G. Montaru, A. Sadchikov, M. A. Vasiliev, V. Simion, Vladislav Manko, R. Freifelder, A. Buta, D. Schüll, J. P. Wessels, Z. Basrak, F. Jundt, I. Legrand, Fouad Rami, S. Frolov, G. Guillaume, W. Reisdorf, R. Kotte, J. P. Alard, K. Teh, D. Pelte, P. Wagner, B. Sikora, Mihai Petrovici, N. Herrmann, S. C. Jeong, Y. Korchagin, U. Sodan, A. L. Zhilin, Z. G. Fan, K. D. Hildenbrand, J. Kecskemeti, R. Čaplar, S. Smolyankin, I. Montbel, G. Mgebrishvili, R. Tezkratt, A. Gobbi, L. Fraysse, M. Trzaska, Nicole Bastid, M. Jorio, Z. Seres, Th. Blaich, S. Hölbling, N. Cindro, J. Erö, J. P. Coffin, T. Matulewicz, C. Cerruti, W. Neubert, Christian Claude Kuhn, Zoltan Fodor, P. Morel, Pascal Dupieux, Y. Grigorian, T. Wienold, P. Fintz, and B. Kämpfer
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Nuclear reaction, Physics, Azimuth, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), Detector, Coulomb, Interaction model, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Beam energy
Abstract: Velocity correlations of intermediate mass fragments (IMFs), produced in central collisions of Au+Au at 150 MeV beam energy, are extracted from measurements with the FOPI (phase I) detector system at SIS in GSI Darmstadt. The IMF correlation function for semicentral events is found to be affected by the directed sideward flow. When rotating the events into a unique reaction plane an enhancement of correlations, resulting from event mixing effects, vanishes. Selecting violent collisions with a high degree of azimuthal symmetry the correlation function appears nearly independent of additional event or single particle gate conditions. The comparison of the data with a Coulomb dominated final-state interaction model points to an expanding and multifragmenting soure with radius [ital R][similar to]14 fm.
Published: 1993
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26. Entropy production in the Au+Au reaction between 150Aand 800AMeV

Author: J. Mösner, A. Buta, R. Kotte, D. Pelte, G. Guillaume, L. Fraysse, Gerard Montarou, Y. Korchagin, I. Montbel, M. Jorio, B. Sikora, Z. Seres, F. Jundt, S. Boussange, C. Cerruti, D. Schüll, I. Legrand, R. Freifelder, J. Konopka, Z. Basrak, P. Koncz, T. Wienold, K. Teh, Fouad Rami, A. Gobbi, S. Frolov, D. Wohlfarth, S. Smolyankin, S. Ramillien, Z. Wilhelmi, J. P. Coffin, Christian Claude Kuhn, J. Kecskemeti, Mihai Petrovici, J. P. Wessels, C. Maguire, U. Sodan, Y. Grigorian, I. M. Belayev, M. Krämer, Pascal Dupieux, Peter Wagner, W. Reisdorf, A. Sadchikov, Z. Fodor, Z. G. Fan, P. Fintz, D. Moisa, M. Trzaska, V. Simion, N. Cindro, N. Herrmann, K. D. Hildenbrand, T. Matulewicz, Th. Blaich, S. Hölbling, J. Erö, L. Berger, A. Houari, Alexandre Lebedev, W. Neubert, Vladislav Manko, A. Zhilin, J. P. Alard, R. Čaplar, Nicole Bastid, R. Tezkratt, M. A. Vasiliev, S. C. Jeong, R. Dona, and G. Mgebrishvili
Subjects: Nuclear reaction, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Entropy (classical thermodynamics), Entropy production, Atomic physics
Published: 1993
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27. A highly-segmented ΔE-time-of-flight wall as forward detector of the 4π-system for charged particles at the SIS/ESR accelerator

Author: M. A. Vasiliev, V. Simion, M. Crouau, G. Augustinski, J.P. Coffin, D. Vincent, F. Hornecker, S. Frolov, M. Marquardt, R. Freifelder, Z. Basrak, C. Cerruti, R. Kotte, N. Herrmann, L. Fraysse, B. Sikora, S. C. Jeong, Gerard Montarou, Z. G. Fan, Y. Grigorian, P. Koncz, S. Smolyankin, P. Morel, W. Reisdorf, R. Bock, D. Wohlfarth, R. Čaplar, N. Cindro, G. Mgebrishvili, J. Erö, A. Gobbi, R. Neunlist, G. Ortlepp, J.P. Wessels, P. Boccaccio, E. Sahuc, J.P. Alard, C. Kuhn, M. Jorio, J. Mösner, E. Gimenez, Vladislav Manko, C. Maguire, T. Matulewicz, S. Boussange, A. Buta, Y. Korchagin, I. Montbel, N. Bastid, D. Schüll, I. Legrand, Th. Blaich, Z. Fodor, I. M. Belayev, M. Krämer, G. Guillaume, S. Hölbling, R. J. Charity, Z. Seres, M.A. Saettel, D. Moisa, P. Fintz, F. Rami, P. Dupieux, B. Tischler, T. Wienold, J. Kecskemeti, J. Weinert, A. Houari, R. Tezkratt, M. Trzaska, W. Neubert, D. Pelte, A.L. Lebedev, P. Wagner, Mihai Petrovici, U. Sodan, J.F. Devin, K.D. Hildenbrand, M.H. Tanaka, F. Jundt, A. Zhilin, K. Teh, F. Daudon, C. Fayard, S. Mayade, Z. Wilhelmi, and G. Savinel
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Wire chamber, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Theory, Detector, Scintillator, Particle detector, Charged particle, Nuclear physics, Time of flight, Ionization chamber, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation
Abstract: At the SIS/ESR accelerator facility at GSI in Darmstadt the 4π-detector system FOPI is under construction at present. It is designed for the investigation of central collisions of heavy ions in the energy range up to 2 A GeV. As phase I of this detector a forward wall has been built and used in various experiments. It comprizes a total number of 764 scintillators with an additional shell of 188 thin ΔE -detectors in front of it and covers the full azimuth of the polar angles from 1° to 30°. The velocity and the nuclear charge of the fragments are determined by a combined time-of-flight and ΔE measurement.
Published: 1993
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28. Measurement ofK*(892)0andK0mesons inAl+Alcollisions at 1.9AGeV

Author: Y. Grishkin, Byung-Sik Hong, Z. Seres, J. Zmeskal, Mihai Petrovici, R. Kotte, D. Pelte, Z. Fodor, W. Neubert, Z. Tyminski, M. Dželalija, M. Korolija, Piotr Jan Gasik, Z. Basrak, Johann Marton, Nicole Bastid, A. Schüttauf, P. Crochet, A. Lebedev, Igor Gašparić, Peter Wagner, Paul Buehler, Laura Fabbietti, J. Kecskemeti, R. Čaplar, Vladislav Manko, M. L. Benabderrahmane, W. Reisdorf, Krzysztof Piasecki, M. Merschmeyer, O. N. Hartmann, Valerie Ramillien Barret, V. T. Smolyankin, M. S. Ryu, A. Zhilin, Xiang Yang Zhang, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, Paul Kienle, Michael Cargnelli, Y. Leifels, Pascal Dupieux, Xavier Bernard Lopez, P. Koczon, K. S. Sim, I. Fijał-Kirejczyk, Zhigang Xiao, Anton Andronic, T. Yamazaki, Yongsun Kim, M. Kirejczyk, Fouad Rami, M. Kiš, I. E. Yushmanov, V. Simion, E. Widmann, T. Matulewicz, B. Sikora, K. Suzuki, N. Herrmann, K. D. Hildenbrand, T. I. Kang, K. Wiśniewski, and P. Schmidt
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Model prediction, 0103 physical sciences, Yield ratio, Production (computer science), 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences
Abstract: A new measurement of subthreshold ${K}^{*}(892){}^{0}$ and ${K}^{0}$ production is presented. The experimental data complete the measurement of strange particles produced in $\mathrm{Al}+\mathrm{Al}$ collisions at 1.9$A$ GeV measured with the FOPI detector at SIS at GSI (Darmstadt). The ${K}^{*}(892){}^{0}/{K}^{0}$ yield ratio is found to be $0.0315\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006(\mathrm{stat}.)\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.012(\mathrm{syst}.)$ and is in good agreement with the transport model prediction. These measurements provide information on the in-medium cross section of ${K}^{+}$-${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ fusion, which is the dominant process in subthreshold ${K}^{*}(892){}^{0}$ production.
Published: 2010
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29. Midrapidity source of intermediate-mass fragments in highly central collisions of Au + Au at 150AMeV

Author: Alessandro Olmi, Y. Grigorian, Th. Blaich, P. Koncz, Z. Seres, T. Matulewicz, S. Hölbling, J. Kecskemeti, R. Tezkratt, D. Schüll, I. Legrand, M. Crouau, P. Fintz, R. Freifelder, J. P. Alard, M. A. Vasiliev, V. Simion, P. Morel, Z. Basrak, Fouad Rami, A. Sadchikov, F. Jundt, R. Kotte, Zoltan Fodor, Nello Taccetti, D. Pelte, C. Cerruti, R. Čaplar, Gerard Montarou, J. Erö, D. Moisa, A. Zhilin, Z. Wilhelmi, J. Mösner, K.D. Hildenbrand, K. Teh, T. Wienold, S. Smolyankin, A. Buta, Mihai Petrovici, U. Sodan, P. Wagner, G. Guillaume, S. C. Jeong, Gabriele Pasquali, W. Neubert, M. Jorio, Pascal Dupieux, G. Mgebrishvili, Y. Korchagin, Giacomo Poggi, J.P. Wessels, J. P. Coffin, W. Reisdorf, L. Fraysse, A. Gobbi, M. Trzaska, N. Cindro, Christian Claude Kuhn, C. Maguire, I. M. Belayev, M. Krämer, D. Wohlfarth, Z. G. Fan, Maurizio Bini, N. Herrmann, Vladislav Manko, B. Sikora, O. Houari, Nicole Bastid, A.L. Lebedev, S. Frolov, and R. Bock
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear reaction, Transverse plane, Isotope, General Physics and Astronomy, Incident energy, Isotopes of gold, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Selection criterion, Effective nuclear charge, Charged particle
Abstract: Charged particles have been observed in collisions of Au on Au at an incident energy of 150{ital A} MeV using a high-granularity detector system covering approximately the forward hemisphere in the center-of-mass system. Highly central collisions have been studied using a double selection criterion which combines large charged-particle multiplicities with small transverse-momentum directivities. In this class of events about one quarter of the total nuclear charge emerges as intermediate-mass fragments with nuclear charges {ital Z}{gt}2. These fragments are centered at midrapidity and are produced with large transverse velocities.
Published: 1992
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30. Measurement of the In-MediumK0Inclusive Cross Section inπ−-Induced Reactions at1.15 GeV/c

Author: M. Rogowska, Mihai Petrovici, Eberhard Widmann, R. Kotte, Z. Tyminski, Pascal Dupieux, A. Lebedev, Laura Fabbietti, Z. Basrak, T. I. Kang, Philippe Crochet, Byung-Sik Hong, K. D. Hildenbrand, P. Schmidt, Krzysztof Piasecki, Michael Cargnelli, Fouad Rami, K. Suzuki, Z. Seres, Elena Bratkovskaya, A. Mangiarotti, Y. Leifels, K. Wiśniewski, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, Johann Marton, P. Koczon, Paul Buehler, E. Cordier, Igor Gašparić, J. Kecskemeti, M. Korolija, I. E. Yushmanov, M. Kirejczyk, M. Merschmeyer, N. Herrmann, Valerie Ramillien Barret, O. N. Hartmann, Paul Kienle, I. M. Deppner, A. Reischl, Nicole Bastid, R. Čaplar, Y. Grishkin, Vladislav Manko, M. Dželalija, M. Kiš, V. Simion, Z. Fodor, V. T. Smolyankin, M. S. Ryu, J. Zmeskal, A. Schüttauf, T. Matulewicz, A. Zhilin, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Anton Andronic, T. Yamazaki, P. Gasik, B. Sikora, W. Reisdorf, Xiang Yang Zhang, W. Cassing, Z. G. Xiao, Y. J. Kim, and K. S. Sim
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, General Physics and Astronomy, Strangeness production, Strangeness, Nuclear matter, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Momentum, Nuclear physics, Cross section (physics), 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Production (computer science), Sensitivity (control systems), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract: The K{sup 0} meson production by {pi}{sup -} mesons of 1.15 GeV/c momentum on C, Al, Cu, Sn, and Pb nuclear targets was measured with the FOPI spectrometer at the Schwer-Ionen-Synchrotron accelerator of GSI. Inclusive production cross sections and the momentum distributions of K{sup 0} mesons are compared to scaled elementary production cross sections and to predictions of theoretical models describing the in-medium production of kaons. The data represent a new reference for those models, which are widely used for interpretation of the strangeness production in heavy-ion collisions. The presented results demonstrate the sensitivity of the kaon production to the reaction amplitudes inside nuclei and point to the existence of a repulsive KN potential of 20{+-}5 MeV at normal nuclear matter density.
Published: 2009
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31. The CBM Collaboration

Author: V. Maiatski, Z. Basrak, Andrey Reshetin, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, A. Raportirenko, V. Golovtsov, V. Ivanov, E. Kryshen, P. Akishin, P. Tlusty, Cs Soos, E. Vznuzdaev, M. Klein-Bøsing, M. Kachel, A. Semennikov, M. Dey, O. Torheim, A. Nadtochii, A. Kugel, A. Simakov, P. Zrelov, I. Rostovtseva, A. Chaus, V. Karasev, Zhi Deng, M. Winter, A. Khanzadeev, W. Dulinski, Yulan Li, Jianping Cheng, E. Rostchin, D. Ossetski, S. Kowalski, N.S. Topilskaya, H. Flemming, Amalia Pop, D. Karmanov, Vladimir Popov, A. Berdnikov, Calin Besliu, A. Soldatov, M. Chubarov, E. Badura, Yaping Wang, N. Abel, J. Rozynek, J. Manjavidze, L. Pal, I. Peric, D. Gottschalk, M. Ryzhinskiy, H. Engel, Mate Csanad, I. Carević, Udo Kebschull, Yi Wang, Min Sang Ryu, V. Ladygin, F.F. Guber, A. Poliakov, H. Fröning, Robert Szczygiel, Alla Maevskaya, E. Akishina, M. Koziel, P. Bhaduri, K. Jaaskelainen, R. De, R. Berendes, C. Garabatos, Zhongbao Yin, F. Khasanov, D.V. Peshekhonov, M. Borysova, M. De, S. Kiselev, Hayoung Lee, Daicui Zhou, E. Berdermann, C. Kreidel, D. P. Mahapatra, M. Merkin, Xiaolian Wang, A. Melnik, V. Manko, E. Denes, R. Kotte, A. Petrovici, A. Arefiev, A. Kazantsev, A. Chakraborti, C. J. Schmidt, P. Zelnicek, T. Sinha, C. Höhne, A. Kotynia, L. Boldizsar, S. Løchner, Ya Panasenko, Y. Bocharov, Valeriy Pozdniakov, Satarupa Bandyopadhyay, V. Rykalin, S. Böttger, M. Petris, V. I. Davkov, K. Mikhailov, P. Braun-Munzinger, U. Brüning, Ming Shao, B. Sikora, Joachim Stroth, G. Claus, J. Wessels, V. Mialkovski, A. Chernogorov, In Kwon Yoo, A. Gumenuik, Ju Gousakov, M. Petrovici, D. Kresan, Zebo Tang, G. Bashindzhagyan, D. Bertini, P. Fonte, M. R. DuttaMajumdar, P. Korobchuk, E. Grosse, A. Ivashkin, Yu Gilitsky, Byungsik Hong, K. Siwek-Wilczynska, J. Wüstenfeld, I. Vassiliev, Oleg Bezshyyko, A. K. Bhati, L. Skoda, G. D. Kekelidze, V. F. Chepurnov, P. Fischer, A. Bhattacharya, M. Kiš, M. N. Ukhanov, V. Galkin, A. Dubey, W. Niebur, Subhasis Chattopadhyay, G. Gangopadhyay, S. Seddiki, Y. Volkov, G. S.N. Murthy, Andrei Ionut Herghelegiu, Claudiu Cornel Schiaua, S. Pal, C. Müntz, Xu Cai, A. Gupta, Yu.V. Zanevsky, R. Männer, K. Wisniewski, Y. Saini, B. Komkov, J. Gebelein, L. Naumann, S. Chatterji, Bedangadas Mohanty, Z. Ahmad, H. Ströbele, Xianglei Zhu, N. Ahmad, S. Manz, M. Dželalija, A. Golutvin, O. Tarassenkova, I. Ilyushenko, K. Ullaland, V. Cǎtǎnescu, B. K. Singh, I. Korolko, Cheng Li, P A Loizeau, M. Krauze, A. Semak, Alexandru Jipa, A. Sadovsky, V. Tiflov, Yu.S. Anisimov, Alexander Dermenev, A. Wilk, T. Esanu, E. M. Kashif, Y. Riabov, Valery Ivanov, A.L. Lebedev, I. Deppner, E.V. Lobanova, Yapeng Zhang, L. Solin, A. K. Singh, A. Stavinskiy, T. Nayak, H. K. Soltveit, Ziping Zhang, K. Koch, A. Andronic, P. Gasik, Krzysztof Kasinski, D. González-Díaz, D. Dutta, R. Raniwala, A. Petrovskiy, S. N. Golovnya, Vladimir Nikulin, I. Berceanu, A.P. Ierusalimov, D. A. Konstantinov, I. Valin, J. Eschke, V. Rasin, A. Galkin, Y. Sviridov, Z. Majka, T. Kiss, T. Galatyuk, A. Roy, A. Kovalchuk, V.A. Victorov, S. Belogurov, M. Hartig, Oleg Karavichev, Probir Roy, A. Prakash, Yu. V. Kharlov, C. Steinle, M. Zoła̧dź, T. Akishina, A. S. Silaev, C. P. Singh, Serguei Volkov, G. B. Vakil, Anju Bhasin, C. Lara, V. Militsija, N. Heine, A. V. Ryazantsev, S. Amar-Youcef, A. K. Dutt-Mazumdar, A. Grzeszczuk, A. Laszlo, V. Singh, K. Heidel, Tatiana Karavicheva, I. Kadenko, J. Adamczewski, A. Kluev, J. Kecskemeti, N. Herrmann, E. Atkin, V. Dyatchenko, Krzysztof Piasecki, F. Lemke, N. Bondar, T. Matulewicz, G. Vesztergombi, J. Gajda, Yu. Tsyupa, Vladimir Peshekhonov, O. V. Fateev, Evgeny Karpechev, Qian Yue, Michael Deveaux, A. Lymanets, A. Himmi, G. Sharkov, T. Armbruster, O. Rogachevsky, O. Denisova, S. Raniwala, J. Hutsch, B. Kolb, M. Kirejczyk, Y. Berdnikov, Jin Li, Peter Senger, B. Debnath, H. Kalita, D. Das, Chuncheng Xu, V. Pospíšil, W. F.J. Müller, O. Malyatina, D. Røhrich, T. Dutta, V. Ammosov, L.G. Kudin, R. Čaplar, N. Korotkova, I. Yushmanov, M.S. Prokudin, A. Kiseleva, P. Polozov, V.M. Golovatyuk, P. Stolpovsky, I. Kudryashov, Shuaib Ahmad Khan, A. Mangiarotti, Alexey Kurepin, D. Storozhyk, D.M. Seliverstov, Mikhail Zhalov, B. Kämpfer, S. Baginyan, S. Müller-Klieser, C. Bergmann, R. N. Singaraju, V. Singhal, V.N. Zrjuev, M.B. Golubeva, Yu. Onishchuk, K. Antipin, I. Das, A. Kugler, H. Deppe, I. Lazanu, W. Zipper, M. Andelić, Gennady Ososkov, V. Zaets, S. Lashaev, Y. K. Sun, H. Essel, N. D'Ascenzo, N. Baranova, D. Golubkov, J. Brzychczyk, M. Ciobanu, P. Staszel, Kwang Souk Sim, V.M. Lucenko, Wenxue Gao, Sanatan Chattopadhyay, F. Uhlig, P. Gryboś, Tae Im Kang, K. I. Davkov, R. Ferreira Marques, E. Stephan, V. Jakovlev, M. Bogolyubsky, S. S. Sambyal, P. Maj, M. Korolev, C. Dritsa, A. Artamonov, A. Bubak, V. Kleipa, P. Ghosh, P. V.K.S. Baba, M. Irfan, A. I. Zinchenko, M. D. Azmi, Valery Pugatch, V. Covlea, V. Baublis, M. Calin, A. Kiss, T. Tolyhi, Y. Murin, J. Heuser, S. Igolkin, A. A. Voronin, P. Koczon, M. Alyushin, Jun Gyu Yi, D. Adamova, I. Fröhlich, Vladimir Plujko, Y. Zaitsev, I. Peshenichnov, I. Lobanov, V. Saveliev, Kai Schweda, I. Kisel, P. Trivedy, V. Samsonov, Yuanjing Li, Y. Sorokin, M. Nüssle, Md. F. Mir, Volker Lindenstruth, B. Bhattacharjee, E. Futo, Pradip Kumar Sahu, A. Akindinov, E. Matyushevskiy, C. Wendisch, R. Holzmann, S. Lebedev, Hongfang Chen, Victor Ivanov, G. Caragheorgheopol, A. Jinaru, E. Plekhanov, S. Gorbunov, E. Litvinenko, Y. P. Viyogi, F. Rami, M. Al-Turany, M. M. Khan, Igor Gašparić, V. Shevchenko, A. Vorobiev, V. Friese, H. Appelshäuser, Cristian Andrei, Ch. Klein-Bösing, A. Scurtu, Junghan Kim, A. Dorokhov, S. A. Sadovsky, S. Linev, A. Wurz, S. Velica, C. Schrader, S. P. Chernenko, Manjit Kaur, Z. Fodor, S. A. Gorokhov, Alexander Malakhov, D. Cozma, M. Strikhanov, V. Petráček, and Madan M. Aggarwal
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Irfan, baryonic matter, strangeness, QCD, Theology
Abstract: N. Abel 21, J. Adamczewski 12, D. Adamova 45, M.M. Aggarwal 10, N. Ahmad 2, Z. Ahmad 30, A. Akindinov 36, P. Akishin 16, E. Akishina 16, T. Akishina 16, M. Al-Turany 12, M. Alyushin 39, S. Amar-Youcef 17, V. Ammosov 43, M. Andelic 47, C. Andrei 6, A. Andronic 12, Yu. Anisimov 14, K. Antipin 17, H. Appelshauser 17, A. Arefiev 36, T. Armbruster 23, A. Artamonov 43, E. Atkin 39, M.D. Azmi 2, P.V.K.S. Baba 25, E. Badura 12, S. Baginyan 16, S. Bandyopadhyay 29, N. Baranova 37, G. Bashindzhagyan 37, Z. Basrak 55, V. Baublis 18, S. Belogurov 36, I. Berceanu 6, E. Berdermann 12, A. Berdnikov 50, Y. Berdnikov 50, R. Berendes 40, C. Bergmann 40, D. Bertini 12, C. Besliu 7, O. Bezshyyko 33, P. Bhaduri 30, A. Bhasin 25, A.K. Bhati 10, B. Bhattacharjee 19, A. Bhattacharya 29, Y. Bocharov 39, M. Bogolyubsky 43, L. Boldizsar 9, N. Bondar 18, M. Borysova 34, S. Bottger 21, P. Braun-Munzinger 12, U. Bruning 23, J. Brzychczyk 32, A. Bubak 26, R. Caplar 55, Xu Cai 54, M. Calin 7, G. Caragheorgheopol 6, I. Carevic 47, V. Catanescu 6, A. Chakraborti 29, S. Chatterji 12, Subhasis Chattopadhyay 30, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay 28, Sanatan Chattopadhyay 29, A. Chaus 34, Hongfang Chen 20, Jianping Cheng 3, V. Chepurnov 14, S. Chernenko 14, A. Chernogorov 36, M. Chubarov 49, M. Ciobanu 12, G. Claus 51, V. Covlea 7, D. Cozma 6, M. Csanad 8, N. D’Ascenzo 41, D. Das 28, I. Das 28, V. Davkov 15, K. Davkov 15, M. De22, R. De51, B. Debnath 19, E. Denes 9, Zhi Deng 3, O. Denisova 16, H. Deppe 12, I. Deppner 22, A. Dermenev 35, M. Deveaux 17, M. Dey 30, A. Dorokhov 51, C. Dritsa (IPHC Strasbourg), 12, A. Dubey 30, W. Dulinski 51, A.K. Dutt-Mazumdar 28, T. Dutta 12, D. Dutta 12, M.R. DuttaMajumdar 30, V. Dyatchenko 43, M. Dželalija 47, H. Engel 21, T. Esanu 7, J. Eschke 12, H. Essel 12, O. Fateev 14, R. Ferreira Marques 11, P. Fischer 23, H. Flemming 12, Z. Fodor 9, P. Fonte 11, I. Frohlich 17, H. Froning 23, V. Friese 12, E. Futo 9, I. Gasparic 55, J. Gajda 31, T. Galatyuk 12, V. Galkin 41, A. Galkin 41, G. Gangopadhyay 29, Wenxue Gao 23, C. Garabatos 12, P. Gasik 53, J. Gebelein 21, P. Ghosh 30, Yu. Gilitsky 43, V. Golovatyuk 14, S. Golovnya 43, V. Golovtsov 18, M. Golubeva 35, D. Golubkov 36, A. Golutvin 36, D. Gonzalez-Diaz 12, S. Gorbunov 21, S. Gorokhov 43, D. Gottschalk 21, Ju. Gousakov 15, E. Grosse 13, P. Gryboś 31, A. Grzeszczuk 26, F. Guber 35, A. Gumenuik 39, A. Gupta 25, M. Hartig 17, K. Heidel 13, N. Heine 40, A. Herghelegiu 6, N. Herrmann 22, J. Heuser 12, A. Himmi 51, C. Hohne 12, R. Holzmann 12, Byungsik Hong 46, J. Hutsch 13, A. Ierusalimov 14, S. Igolkin 49, I. Ilyushenko 39, Tae Im Kang 46, M. Irfan 2, Valery Ivanov 16, V. Ivanov 18, Victor Ivanov 16, A. Ivashkin 35, K. Jaaskelainen 51, V. Jakovlev 49, A. Jinaru 7, A. Jipa 7, M. Kachel 31, I. Kadenko 33, H. Kalita 19, B. Kampfer 13, V. Karasev 49, O. Karavichev 35, T. Karavicheva 35, D. Karmanov 37, E. Karpechev 35, E.M. Kashif 2, K. Kasinski 31, Manjit Kaur 10, A. Kazantsev 38, U. Kebschull 21, J. Kecskemeti 9, G. Kekelidze 15, M.M. Khan 2, S.A. Khan 48, A. Khanzadeev 18, Yu. Kharlov 43, F. Khasanov 36, M. Kis 55, Junghan Kim 44, M. Kirejczyk 53, I. Kisel 12, S. Kiselev 36, A. Kiseleva 12, T. Kiss 9, A. Kiss 8, Ch. Klein-Bosing 40, M. Klein-Bosing 40, V. Kleipa 12, A. Kluev 39, K. Koch 12, P. Koczon 12, B. Kolb 12, B. Komkov 18, D. Konstantinov 43, P. Korobchuk 43, M. Korolev 37, I. Korolko 36, N. Korotkova 37, R. Kotte 13, A. Kotynia 12, A. Kovalchuk 34, S. Kowalski 26, M. Koziel 51, M. Krauze 26, C. Kreidel 23, D. Kresan 12, E. Kryshen 18, L. Kudin 18, I. Kudryashov 36, A. Kugel 23, A. Kugler 45, A. Kurepin 35, S. Lochner 12, V. Ladygin 14, C. Lara 21, S. Lashaev 49, A. Laszlo 9, I. Lazanu 7, A. Lebedev (JINR-LIT Dubna) 12, S. Lebedev (JINR-LIT Dubna) 12, Hayoung Lee 44, F. Lemke 23, Cheng Li 20, Yuanjing Li 3, Yulan Li 3, Jin Li 3, V. Lindenstruth 21, S. Linev 12, E. Litvinenko 16, I. Lobanov 43, E. Lobanova 43, P. Loizeau 22, Nuclear Physics A 830 (2009) 942c–944c
Published: 2009
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32. Master-equation analysis of proton spectra from 16O- and 58Ni-induced reactions

Author: R. Čaplar, R.L. Auble, R.L. Robinson, Nikola Cindro, M. Korolija, and James B. Ball
Subjects: Physics, Mass number, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Projectile, Nuclear Theory, Degrees of freedom (statistics), Spectral line, Nuclear physics, Master equation, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon, Constant (mathematics), Excitation
Abstract: Central-like collisions have been singled out from inclusive proton spectra from reactions induced by 16O at 25.2 MeV nucleon and 58Ni at 15.1 solMeV nucleon on 27Al,46Ti,60Ni, 120Sn, 124Sn and 197Au by use of a refined multisource analysis. Angle-integrated spectra from these collisions have been compared with Boltzamann master-equation calculations. The obtained agreement is quite satisfactory. The role of collective effects in determining the initial number of effective degrees of freedom, n>0, is investigated and an alternative explanation of the observed increase of n0 with the target mass number is attempted. The excitation energy per effective degree of freedom, E ∗ /n 0 , is found to be constant for a given projectile and to depend only on the per-nucleon bombarding energy.
Published: 1990
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33. Subthreshold production ofΣ(1385)baryons in Al+Al collisions at1.9AGeV

Author: Johann Marton, X. Lopez, Byung-Sik Hong, P. Wagner, Igor Gašparić, J. Kecskemeti, R. Kotte, D. Pelte, Philippe Crochet, W. Neubert, Z. Basrak, M. Merschmeyer, T. I. Kang, Z. Seres, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, N. Herrmann, Valerie Ramillien Barret, Paul Kienle, Y. J. Kim, V. Simion, K. S. Sim, M. Dzelalija, J. Zmeskal, Eberhard Widmann, D. Wohlfarth, E. Cordier, Mihai Petrovici, A. Schüttauf, O. N. Hartmann, Y. Grishkin, Y. Leifels, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Z. Fodor, T. Matulewicz, Fouad Rami, Michael Cargnelli, Gabriel Stoicea, Paul Buehler, M. Kiš, P. Schmidt, Laura Fabbietti, K. D. Hildenbrand, Vladislav Manko, Pascal Dupieux, Z. Tyminski, W. Reisdorf, I. E. Yushmanov, R. Čaplar, Zhigang Xiao, A. Zhilin, Anton Andronic, Xiang Yang Zhang, T. Yamazaki, K. Wiśniewski, P. Koczon, V. T. Smolyankin, M. S. Ryu, K. Suzuki, B. Sikora, A. Lebedev, Krzysztof Piasecki, M. Korolija, M. Kirejczyk, and Nicole Bastid
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Subthreshold conduction, Nuclear Theory, Sigma, Strangeness production, Strangeness, Lambda, 01 natural sciences, Particle identification, Sigma baryon, Baryon, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract: First measurement of subthreshold {sigma}(1385) production is presented. Experimental data are presented for Al+Al reactions at 1.9A GeV measured with the FOPI detector at SIS/GSI. The {sigma}(1385)/{lambda} ratio is found to be in good agreement with the transport and statistical model predictions. The results allow for a better understanding of subthreshold strangeness production and strangeness exchange reaction which is the dominant process for K{sup -} production below and close-to threshold.
Published: 2007
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34. Isospin dependence of relative yields ofK+andK0mesons at 1.528AGeV

Author: Z. Fodor, Z. Tyminski, X. Lopez, Nicole Bastid, M. Kiš, Igor Gašparić, J. Kecskemeti, Z. Basrak, N. Herrmann, Y. J. Kim, K. S. Sim, R. Kotte, D. Pelte, Philippe Crochet, Peter Wagner, M. Merschmeyer, Y. Grishkin, Zhigang Xiao, Valerie Ramillien Barret, R. Čaplar, G. Ferini, M. Dželalija, A. Lebedev, Pascal Dupieux, B. Sikora, Xiang Yang Zhang, A. Zhilin, Y. Leifels, E. Cordier, V. T. Smolyankin, T. I. Kang, Fouad Rami, I. E. Yushmanov, M. Kirejczyk, M. L. Benabderrahmane, M. S. Ryu, D. Wohlfarth, Z. Seres, Gabriel Stoicea, M. Korolija, K. D. Hildenbrand, A. Schüttauf, V. Simion, K. Wiśniewski, P. Koczon, Anton Andronic, Byung-Sik Hong, Theodoros Gaitanos, W. Neubert, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, W. Reisdorf, Mihai Petrovici, and O. N. Hartmann
Subjects: Mass number, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear matter, Kinetic energy, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Mean field theory, Isospin, 0103 physical sciences, Sensitivity (control systems), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: Results on $K^+$ and $K^0$ meson production in $^{96}_{44}$Ru + $^{96}_{44}$Ru and $^{96}_{40}$Zr + $^{96}_{40}$Zr collisions at a beam kinetic energy of 1.528$A$ GeV, measured with the FOPI detector at GSI-Darmstadt, are investigated as a possible probe of isospin effects in high density nuclear matter. The measured double ratio ($K^+/K^0$)$_{Ru}$/($K^+/K^0$)$_{Zr}$ is compared to the predictions of a thermal model and a Relativistic Mean Field transport model using two different collision scenarios and under different assumptions on the stiffness of the symmetry energy. We find a good agreement with the thermal model prediction and the assumption of a soft symmetry energy for infinite nuclear matter while more realistic transport simulations of the collisions show a similar agreement with the data but also exhibit a reduced sensitivity to the symmetry term.
Published: 2007
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35. K0 and Lambda production in Ni+Ni collisions near threshold

Author: A. Schüttauf, M. Korolija, V. Simion, A. Zhilin, T. I. Kang, K. S. Sim, T. Matulewicz, Anton Andronic, Y. Grishkin, W. Reisdorf, Z. G. Xiao, X. Lopez, Z. Seres, Xiang Yang Zhang, M. Merschmeyer, R. Čaplar, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Valerie Ramillien Barret, I. E. Yushmanov, V. T. Smolyankin, M. S. Ryu, Z. Tyminski, M. Dželalija, H. S. Xu, Philippe Crochet, Fouad Rami, Yongsun Kim, B. Sikora, Mihai Petrovici, O. N. Hartmann, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, E. Cordier, R. Kotte, Byung-Sik Hong, Y. Leifels, D. Pelte, A. Mangiarotti, M. Kiš, Gabriel Stoicea, Nicole Bastid, Igor Gašparić, J. Kecskemeti, K. D. Hildenbrand, M. Kirejczyk, N. Herrmann, K. Wiśniewski, Z. Fodor, P. Koczon, A. Lebedev, Z. Basrak, Pascal Dupieux, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Recherches Subatomiques (DRS-IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and FOPI
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, Strangeness, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Lambda baryon, Lambda, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, Phase space, Yield (chemistry), 25.75.Dw, 0103 physical sciences, heavy-ions, kaons, strangeness, threshold energies, Rapidity, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: New results concerning the production of neutral strange particles, $K^0$ and $\Lambda$ in Ni + Ni collisions at 1.93$A$ GeV, measured with the FOPI detector at GSI-Darmstadt, are presented. Rapidity density distributions and Boltzmann slope parameter distributions are measured in nearly the full phase space of the reaction. The observables are compared to existing $K^+$ and proton data. While the $K^0$ data agree with previously reported $K^+$ measurements, the $\Lambda$ distributions show a different behavior relative to that of protons. The strangeness balance and the production yield per participating nucleon as a function of the centrality of the reaction are discussed, for the first time at SIS energies., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2007
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36. Search for intermediate structure in 36Ar via the 24Mg(12C,α)32S reaction

Author: G. Vourvopoulos, R. Čaplar, X. Aslanoglou, and D. Počanić
Subjects: Physics, Crystallography, Intermediate structure
Published: 2005
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37. Charged pion production in4496Ru+4496Rucollisions at400Aand1528AMeV

Author: D. Wohlfarth, A. Gobbi, Z. Fodor, M. R. Stockmeier, A. Zhilin, Zhigang Xiao, Z. Basrak, Y. Grishkin, K. S. Sim, V. Simion, T. Kress, Yongsun Kim, Byung-Sik Hong, Nicole Bastid, W. Reisdorf, A. Lebedev, A. Schüttauf, Y. Leifels, P. Crochet, W. Neubert, K. Wiśniewski, Pascal Dupieux, A. Mangiarotti, P. Koczon, R. Čaplar, M. Korolija, Z. Seres, M. Dželalija, R. Kotte, D. Pelte, V. T. Smolyankin, Mihai Petrovici, O. N. Hartmann, M. Kirejczyk, I. E. Yushmanov, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Peter Wagner, J. Kecskemeti, M. Merschmeyer, Valerie Ramillien Barret, N. Herrmann, K. D. Hildenbrand, Gabriel Stoicea, Z. Tyminski, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Anton Andronic, B. Sikora, and Fouad Rami
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Pion, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, 0103 physical sciences, Production (economics), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences
Published: 2005
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38. First analysis of anisotropic flow with Lee--Yang zeroes

Author: Mihai Petrovici, O. N. Hartmann, Nicolas Borghini, P. Koczon, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Vladislav Manko, Byung-Sik Hong, N. Herrmann, W. Neubert, I. Gapari, M. M. Smolarkiewicz, B. Sikora, K. Siwek-Wilczyska, I. J. Soliwoda, Philippe Crochet, A. Zhilin, A. Mangiarotti, K. D. Hildenbrand, Nicole Bastid, A. Schuettauf, W. Reisdorf, Y. Grishkin, Xavier Bernard Lopez, A. Lebedev, Anton Andronic, D. Moisa, M. Merschmeyer, V. Simion, Valerie Ramillien Barret, Y. Leifels, Zhigang Xiao, Yongsun Kim, Z. Fodor, A. Gobbi, M. Dbeelalija, Fouad Rami, M. R. Stockmeier, M. Kirejczyk, V. T. Smolyankin, Z. Tyminski, I. E. Yushmanov, D. Wohlfarth, J. Kecskemeti, K. S. Sim, R. Kotte, D. Pelte, E. Cordier, Gabriel Stoicea, K. Winiewski, M. Korolija, R. Čaplar, Pascal Dupieux, Z. Basrak, Jean-Yves Ollitrault, Z. Seres, T. Kress, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and FOPI
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Elliptic flow, Detector, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Azimuth, 0103 physical sciences, 25.70.-z, 25.75.Ld, Order (group theory), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Anisotropy, Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment, Cumulant, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: We report on the first analysis of directed and elliptic flow with the new method of Lee--Yang zeroes. Experimental data are presented for Ru+Ru reactions at 1.69 AGeV measured with the FOPI detector at SIS/GSI. The results obtained with several methods, based on the event-plane reconstruction, on Lee--Yang zeroes, and on multi-particle cumulants (up to 5th order) applied for the first time at SIS energies, are compared. They show conclusive evidence that azimuthal correlations between nucleons and composite particles at this energy are largely dominated by anisotropic flow., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. C Rapid Com
Published: 2005
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39. Two-proton small-angle correlations in central heavy-ion collisions: a beam-energy and system-size dependent study

Author: R. Kotte, J. P. Alard, A. Andronic, V. Barret, Z. Basrak, N. Bastid, M. L. Benabderrahmane, R. Čaplar, E. Cordier, P. Crochet, P. Dupieux, M. Dželalija, Z. Fodor, I. Gašparić, A. Gobbi, Y. Grishkin, O. N. Hartmann, N. Herrmann, K. D. Hildenbrand, B. Hong, J. Kecskemeti, Y. J. Kim, M. Kirejczyk, P. Koczon, M. Korolija, T. Kress, A. Lebedev, Y. Leifels, X. Lopez, M. Merschmeyer, J. Mösner, W. Neubert, D. Pelte, M. Petrovici, F. Rami, W. Reisdorf, B. de Schauenburg, A. Schüttauf, Z. Seres, B. Sikora, K. S. Sim, V. Simion, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, V. Smolyankin, G. Stoicea, Z. Tyminski, P. Wagner, K. Wiśniewski, D. Wohlfarth, Z. G. Xiao, Y. Yushmanov, A. Zhilin, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and FOPI
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Equation of state, Proton, Gaussian, 25.70.Pq - Multifragment emission and correlations, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, Range (particle radiation), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Interaction model, proton-proton correlations, relativistic nuclear collisions, intermediate-mass fragments, intensity interferometry, velocity correlations, pion spectra, Correlation function (statistical mechanics), symbols, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Nucleon, Beam (structure)
Abstract: Small-angle correlations of pairs of protons emitted in central collisions of Ca + Ca, Ru + Ru and Au + Au at beam energies from 400 to 1500 MeV per nucleon are investigated with the FOPI detector system at SIS/GSI Darmstadt. Dependences on system size and beam energy are presented which extend the experimental data basis of pp correlations in the SIS energy range substantially. The size of the proton-emitting source is estimated by comparing the experimental data with the output of a final-state interaction model which utilizes either static Gaussian sources or the one-body phase-space distribution of protons provided by the BUU transport approach. The trends in the experimental data, i.e. system-size and beam energy dependences, are well reproduced by this hybrid model. However, the pp correlation function is found rather insensitive to the stiffness of the equation of state entering the transport model calculations., 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted at Eur. Phys. Journ. A
Published: 2005
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40. Excitation function of elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions and the nuclear matter equation of state

Author: Xavier Bernard Lopez, Anton Andronic, N. Herrmann, B. Sikora, L. Benabderrahmane, Z. Seres, K. Wiśniewski, A. Mangiarotti, Philippe Crochet, K. S. Sim, E. Cordier, R. Čaplar, Igor Gašparić, M. Kirejczyk, A. Zhilin, J. Kecskemeti, M. R. Stockmeier, Gabriel Stoicea, W. Reisdorf, M. Merschmeyer, Valerie Ramillien Barret, V. Simion, Mihai Petrovici, O. N. Hartmann, M. Dželalija, T. Kress, Fouad Rami, Y. Leifels, D. Wohlfarth, Pascal Dupieux, P. Koczon, V. T. Smolyankin, B. de Schauenburg, G. Berek, Nicole Bastid, Zhigang Xiao, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, Byung-Sik Hong, Yongsun Kim, A. Lebedev, A. Schüttauf, W. Neubert, Z. Basrak, Z. Tyminski, I. E. Yushmanov, Y. Grishkin, K. D. Hildenbrand, M. Korolija, Z. Fodor, P. Wagner, R. Kotte, D. Pelte, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and FOPI
Subjects: Excitation function, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Equation of state, Range (particle radiation), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Elliptic flow, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Nuclear matter, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Flow (mathematics), 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment, Scaling
Abstract: We present measurements of the excitation function of elliptic flow at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at beam energies from 0.09 to 1.49 GeV per nucleon. For the integral flow, we discuss the interplay between collective expansion and spectator shadowing for three centrality classes. A complete excitation function of transverse momentum dependence of elliptic flow is presented for the first time in this energy range, revealing a rapid change with incident energy below 0.4 AGeV, followed by an almost perfect scaling at the higher energies. The equation of state of compressed nuclear matter is addressed through comparisons to microscopic transport model calculations., Comment: 10 pages, 4 eps figures, submitted for publication. Data files will be available at http://www.gsi.de/~fopiwww/pub/
Published: 2005
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41. Nuclear Stopping from0.09Ato1.93A GeVand Its Correlation to Flow

Author: Philippe Crochet, V. Simion, Y. Leifels, Mihai Petrovici, O. N. Hartmann, Z. Fodor, K. Wisniewski, A. Gobbi, R. Čaplar, A. Schüttauf, Pascal Dupieux, Fouad Rami, I. E. Yushmanov, Xavier Bernard Lopez, K. S. Sim, P. Wagner, J. Mösner, J. P. Alard, Z. Seres, M. Merschmeyer, M. L. Benabderrahmane, R. Kotte, M. Dželalija, D. Pelte, Anton Andronic, M. Korolija, V. T. Smolyankin, Y. Grishkin, Byung-Sik Hong, Valerie Ramillien Barret, T. Kress, Z. Basrak, W. Neubert, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, N. Herrmann, B. Sikora, Zhigang Xiao, Yongsun Kim, J. Kecskemeti, M. Kirejczyk, A. Zhilin, Nicole Bastid, Gabriel Stoicea, Z. Tyminski, P. Koczon, A. Lebedev, M. R. Stockmeier, D. Wohlfarth, K. D. Hildenbrand, W. Reisdorf, and B. de Schauenburg
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, General Physics and Astronomy, Heavy ion, Nuclear Experiment, Excitation
Abstract: We present a complete systematics (excitation functions and system-size dependences) of global stopping and side flow for heavy ion reactions in the energy range between $0.09A$ and $1.93A\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$. For the heaviest system, $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$, we observe a plateau of maximal stopping extending from about $0.2A$ to $0.8A\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ with a fast drop on both sides. The degree of stopping, which is shown to remain significantly below the expectations of a full stopping scenario, is found to be highly correlated to the amount of side flow.
Published: 2004
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42. Azimuthal dependence of collective expansion for symmetric heavy-ion collisions

Author: Xavier Bernard Lopez, Anton Andronic, M. Kirejczyk, Valerie Ramillien Barret, N. Herrmann, D. Wohlfarth, Z. Seres, B. Sikora, Gabriel Stoicea, V. Simion, J. P. Alard, M. Dželalija, V. T. Smolyankin, Yongsun Kim, Pawel Danielewicz, Nicole Bastid, T. Kress, K. S. Sim, J. Kecskemeti, R. Kotte, D. Pelte, Y. Leifels, M. R. Stockmeier, A. Zhilin, K. Wiśniewski, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, M. Merschmeier, K. D. Hildenbrand, R. Čaplar, Mihai Petrovici, O. N. Hartmann, W. Reisdorf, I. E. Yushmanov, D. Schüll, Byung-Sik Hong, P. Crochet, W. Neubert, M. Korolija, Z. Fodor, Fouad Rami, Z. Basrak, A. Lebedev, Pascal Dupieux, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and FOPI
Subjects: Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Function (mathematics), [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Azimuth, Transverse plane, Flow (mathematics), 0103 physical sciences, Heavy ion, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Centrality, Nucleon, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: Detailed studies of the azimuthal dependence of the mean fragment and flow energies in the Au+Au and Xe+CsI systems are reported as a function of incident energy and centrality. Comparisons between data and model calculations show that the flow energy values along different azimuthal directions could be viewed as snapshots of the fireball expansion with different exposure times. For the same number of participating nucleons more transversally elongated participant shapes from the heavier system produce less collective transverse energy. Good agreement with BUU calculations is obtained for a soft nuclear equation of state., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted at Phys. Rev. Lett
Published: 2003

43. Directed flow in Au+Au, Xe+CsI and Ni+Ni collisions and the nuclear equation of state

Author: M. Merschmeyer, Valerie Ramillien Barret, V. Simion, M. R. Stockmeier, P. Wagner, Xavier Bernard Lopez, R. Kotte, D. Pelte, P. Crochet, B. de Schauenburg, Anton Andronic, Y. Grishkin, A. Zhilin, Z. Tyminski, T. Kress, M. Dželalija, N. Herrmann, Ch. Finck, K. Wiśniewski, P. Koczon, B. Sikora, V. T. Smolyankin, R. Čaplar, J. Kecskemeti, Mihai Petrovici, Byung-Sik Hong, J. P. Alard, W. Reisdorf, Nicole Bastid, O. N. Hartmann, Alexandre Lebedev, Z. Seres, A. Schüttauf, Z. Fodor, W. Neubert, I. E. Yushmanov, K. D. Hildenbrand, A. Gobbi, D. Wohlfarth, Gabriel Stoicea, Fouad Rami, M. Korolija, G. Berek, Yongsun Kim, Y. Leifels, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, Pascal Dupieux, M. Kirejczyk, Z. Basrak, A. Devismes, and K. S. Sim
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Equation of state, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Charge (physics), Nuclear equation of state, heavy-ion collisions, plus au collisions, momentum-dependent interactions, collective-flow, sideward flow, transverse flow, fragment flow, isospin dependence, mass dependence, balance energy, Nuclear matter, Momentum, Nuclear physics, Flow (mathematics), Isospin, Rapidity, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We present new experimental data on directed flow in collisions of Au+Au, Xe+CsI and Ni+Ni at incident energies from 90 to 400A MeV. We study the centrality and system dependence of integral and differential directed flow for particles selected according to charge. All the features of the experimental data are compared with Isospin Quantum Molecular Dynamics (IQMD) model calculations in an attempt to extract information about the nuclear matter equation of state (EoS). We show that the combination of rapidity and transverse momentum analysis of directed flow allow to disentangle various parametrizations in the model. At 400A MeV, a soft EoS with momentum dependent interactions is best suited to explain the experimental data in Au+Au and Xe+CsI, but in case of Ni+Ni the model underpredicts flow for any EoS. At 90A MeV incident beam energy, none of the IQMD parametrizations studied here is able to consistently explain the experimental data., RevTeX, 20 pages, 30 eps figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C. Data files available at http://www.gsi.de/~fopiwww/pub/
Published: 2003

44. Proton and deuteron rapidity distributions and nuclear stopping in96Ru(96Zr)+96Ru(96Zr)collisions at400AMeV

Author: T. Kress, X. Lopez, Byung-Sik Hong, R. Čaplar, D. H. Kang, V. Simion, W. Neubert, R. Kutsche, G. Berek, P. Dupieux, A. Andronic, C. Finck, A. Devismes, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, N. Herrmann, P. Crochet, D. Schűll, M. Kirejczyk, V. Barret, K. D. Hildenbrand, A. Lebedev, M. Dželalija, N. Bastid, J. Kecskemeti, Y. Leifels, P. Koczon, A. Gobbi, Y. Grishkin, D. Pelte, Z. Basrak, K. Wiśniewski, M. R. Stockmeier, D. Wohlfarth, W. Reisdorf, Z. Fodor, B. de Schauenburg, O. N. Hartmann, I. E. Yushmanov, Yongsun Kim, B. Sikora, A. Zhilin, J. P. Alard, K. S. Sim, R. Kotte, G. Stoicea, M. Petrovici, M. Korolija, P. Wagner, Z. Seres, V. Smolyankin, and F. Rami
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Proton, Deuterium, Rapidity
Published: 2002
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45. Differential Directed Flow in Au+Au Collisions

Author: A. Devismes, N. Herrmann, Peter Wagner, Z. Basrak, Valerie Ramillien Barret, T. Kress, B. Sikora, D. Wohlfarth, K. Wiśniewski, Mihai Petrovici, G. Berek, O. N. Hartmann, A. Bendarag, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, Fouad Rami, Y. Leifels, Yongsun Kim, Byung-Sik Hong, M. Dželalija, Alexandre Lebedev, Ch. Finck, Nicole Bastid, P. Koczon, W. Neubert, W. Reisdorf, R. Kotte, Z. Seres, J. Kecskemeti, D. Pelte, A. Zhilin, Anton Andronic, R. Kutsche, B. de Schauenburg, R. Čaplar, J. P. Alard, Gabriel Stoicea, I. E. Yushmanov, V. T. Smolyankin, V. Simion, K. D. Hildenbrand, Y. Grishkin, M. Kirejczyk, Z. Fodor, Pascal Dupieux, D. Schüll, P. Crochet, M. R. Stockmeier, M. Korolija, K. S. Sim, and A. Gobbi
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Function (mathematics), Nuclear matter, Flow (mathematics), Domain (ring theory), Particle, Rapidity, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Fourier series, pacs:25.75.Ld, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: We present experimental data on directed flow in semi-central Au+Au collisions at incident energies from 90 to 400 A MeV. For the first time for this energy domain, the data are presented in a transverse momentum differential way. We study the first order Fourier coefficient v1 for different particle species and establish a gradual change of its patterns as a function of incident energy and for different regions in rapidity., 5 pages, Latex, 5 eps figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C (Rapid Communications). Data files available at http://www-linux.gsi.de/~andronic/fopi/v1.html
Published: 2001

46. Transition from in-plane to out-of-plane azimuthal enhancement in Au+Au collisions

Author: A Andronic, G Stoicea, M Petrovici, V Simion, P Crochet, J.P Alard, R Averbeck, V Barret, Z Basrak, N Bastid, A Bendarag, G Berek, R Čaplar, A Devismes, P Dupieux, M Dželalija, M Eskef, Ch Finck, Z Fodor, A Gobbi, Y Grishkin, O.N Hartmann, N Herrmann, K.D Hildenbrand, B Hong, J Kecskemeti, Y.J Kim, M Kirejczyk, M Korolija, R Kotte, T Kress, R Kutsche, A Lebedev, K.S Lee, Y Leifels, V Manko, H Merlitz, W Neubert, D Pelte, C Plettner, F Rami, W Reisdorf, B de Schauenburg, D Schüll, Z Seres, B Sikora, K.S Sim, K Siwek-Wilczyńska, V Smolyankin, M.R Stockmeier, M Vasiliev, P Wagner, K Wiśniewski, D Wohlfarth, I Yushmanov, and A Zhilin
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Collision, Out of plane, Azimuth, In plane, Flow (mathematics), Incident energy, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Beam (structure), Reference frame
Abstract: The incident energy at which the azimuthal distributions in semi-central heavy ion collisions change from in-plane to out-of-plane enhancement, E_tran, is studied as a function of mass of emitted particles, their transverse momentum and centrality for Au+Au collisions. The analysis is performed in a reference frame rotated with the sidewards flow angle, Theta_flow, relative to the beam axis. A systematic decrease of E_tran as function of mass of the reaction products, their transverse momentum and collision centrality is evidenced. The predictions of a microscopic transport model (IQMD) are compared with the experimental results., 32 pages, Latex, 22 eps figures, accepted for publication in Nucl. Phys. A
Published: 2000

47. Clustering Aspects of Nuclear Structure and Dynamics

Author: Z. Basrak, M. Korolija, and R. Čaplar
Subjects: Physics, Dynamics (music), Nuclear structure, Statistical physics, Cluster analysis
Published: 2000
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48. Sideward flow of K$^+$ mesons in Ru+Ru and Ni+Ni reactions near threshold

Author: P Crochet, N Herrmann, K Wiśniewski, Y Leifels, A Andronic, R Averbeck, A Devismes, C Finck, A Gobbi, O Hartmann, K.D Hildenbrand, P Koczon, T Kress, R Kutsche, W Reisdorf, D Schüll, J.P Alard, V Barret, Z Basrak, N Bastid, I Belyaev, A Bendarag, G Berek, R Čaplar, N Cindro, P Dupieux, M Dželalija, M Eskef, Z Fodor, Y Grishkin, B Hong, J Kecskemeti, Y.J Kim, M Kirejczyk, M Korolija, R Kotte, M Kowalczyk, A Lebedev, K.S Lee, V Manko, H Merlitz, S Mohren, D Moisa, W Neubert, A Nianine, D Pelte, M Petrovici, C Plettner, F Rami, B de Schauenburg, Z Seres, B Sikora, K.S Sim, V Simion, K Siwek-Wilczyńska, V Smolyankin, A Somov, M Stockmeier, G Stoicea, M Vasiliev, P Wagner, D Wohlfarth, J.T Yang, I Yushmanov, A Zhilin, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and FOPI
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Meson, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, in-medium potential, Nuclear physics, Transverse plane, Near threshold, strangeness, Flow (mathematics), sideward flow, 0103 physical sciences, directed flow, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, collective motion
Abstract: Experimental data on K+ meson and proton sideward flow measured with the FOPI detector at SIS/GSI in the reactions Ru+Ru at 1.69 AGeV and Ni+Ni at 1.93 AGeV are presented. The K+ sideward flow is found to be anti-correlated (correlated) with the one of protons at low (high) transverse momenta. When compared to the predictions of a transport model, the data favour the existence of an in-medium repulsive K+ nucleon potential., 16 pages Revtex, 3 ps-figures, submitted to Phys. Lett. B
Published: 2000

49. Isospin tracing: A probe of nonequilibrium in central heavy-Ion collisions

Author: J. Mösner, W. Reisdorf, Philippe Crochet, James Ritman, Vladislav Manko, K. D. Hildenbrand, Y. Leifels, D. Wohlfarth, Y. Grigorian, S. Mohren, N. Herrmann, I. Belyaev, J. T. Yang, M. Eskef, P. Wagner, A. Nianine, M. Korolija, Gabriel Stoicea, D. Moisa, A. Zhilin, C. Plettner, B. de Schauenburg, P. Koczon, B. Sikora, M. Kirejczyk, R. Kotte, A. Gobbi, D. Pelte, Z. Basrak, Y. Grishkin, V. Simion, Yongsun Kim, Anton Andronic, Nicole Bastid, A. Devismes, D. Schüll, M. Dželalija, M. R. Stockmeier, A. Genoux-Lubain, A. Somov, K. S. Lee, J. P. Alard, T. Kress, Kwang Souk Sim, H. Folger, Fouad Rami, L. Fraysse, N. Cindro, Mihai Petrovici, C. Pinkenburg, Ralf Peter Averbeck, R. Čaplar, R. Kutsche, Pascal Dupieux, H. Merlitz, I. E. Yushmanov, Z. Seres, K. Wiśniewski, M. Kowalczyk, Ch. Finck, Byung-Sik Hong, Alexandre Lebedev, W. Neubert, Zoltan Fodor, G. Berek, A. Bendarag, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, Valerie Ramillien Barret, M. A. Vasiliev, and J. Kecskemeti
Subjects: Physics, Projectile, Nuclear Theory, General Physics and Astronomy, Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, FOS: Physical sciences, Observable, Nuclear physics, Cross section (physics), Isospin, Phase space, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment, Mixing (physics)
Abstract: Four different combinations of $^{96}_{44}$Ru and $^{96}_{40}$Zr nuclei, both as projectile and target, were investigated at the same bombarding energy of 400$A$ MeV using a $4 \pi$ detector. The degree of isospin mixing between projectile and target nucleons is mapped across a large portion of the phase space using two different isospin-tracer observables, the number of measured protons and the ${\rm t}/^{3}{\rm He}$ yield ratio. The experimental results show that the global equilibrium is not reached even in the most central collisions. Quantitative measures of stopping and mixing are extracted from the data. They are found to exhibit a quite strong sensitivity to the in-medium (n,n) cross section used in microscopic transport calculations., Comment: 4 pages RevTeX, 3 figures (ps files), submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Published: 1999

50. Flow angle from intermediate mass fragment measurements

Author: F. Rami, P. Crochet, R. Donà, B. de Schauenburg, P. Wagner, J.P. Alard, A. Andronic, Z. Basrak, N. Bastid, I. Belyaev, A. Bendarag, G. Berek, D. Best, R. Čaplar, A. Devismes, P. Dupieux, M. Dželalija, M. Eskef, Z. Fodor, A. Gobbi, Y. Grishkin, N. Herrmann, K.D. Hildenbrand, B. Hong, J. Kecskemeti, M. Kirejczyk, M. Korolija, R. Kotte, A. Lebedev, Y. Leifels, H. Merlitz, S. Mohren, D. Moisa, W. Neubert, D. Pelte, M. Petrovici, C. Pinkenburg, C. Plettner, W. Reisdorf, D. Schüll, Z. Seres, B. Sikora, V. Simion, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, G. Stoicea, M. Stockmeir, M. Vasiliev, K. Wisniewski, D. Wohlfarth, I. Yushmanov, A. Zhilin, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and FOPI
Subjects: Excitation function, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, nuclear reactions, measured light, intermediate charged fragments, rapidity distributions, flow angle, expanding thermal source, hydrodynamical scaling, 01 natural sciences, Charged particle, Flow (mathematics), 0103 physical sciences, Saturation (graph theory), [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Impact parameter, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Anisotropy, Nuclear Experiment, Scaling, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: Directed sideward flow of light charged particles and intermediate mass fragments was measured in different symmetric reactions at bombarding energies from 90 to 800 AMeV. The flow parameter is found to increase with the charge of the detected fragment up to Z = 3-4 and then turns into saturation for heavier fragments. Guided by simple simulations of an anisotropic expanding thermal source, we show that the value at saturation can provide a good estimate of the flow angle, $\Theta_{flow}$, in the participant region. It is found that $\Theta_{flow}$ depends strongly on the impact parameter. The excitation function of $\Theta_{flow}$ reveals striking deviations from the ideal hydrodynamical scaling. The data exhibit a steep rise of $\Theta_{\flow}$ to a maximum at around 250-400 AMeV, followed by a moderate decrease as the bombarding energy increases further., Comment: 28 pages Revtex, 6 figures (ps files), to appear in Nucl.Phys.A
Published: 1999

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