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416 results on '"R. A. Brenner"'

1. Osteoarthritis-patterns, cardio-metabolic risk factors and risk of all-cause mortality: 20 years follow-up in patients after hip or knee replacement

Author

G. Büchele, K. P. Günther, H. Brenner, W. Puhl, T. Stürmer, D. Rothenbacher, and R. E. Brenner

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common musculoskeletal disorder and occur in different patterns. However, its impact on long-term all-cause-mortality is inconclusive. Study aims: Investigate 20-year all-cause-mortality in patients with hip/knee arthroplasty (recruited 1995/1996, N = 809) from the Ulm Osteoarthritis Study-cohort, in comparison to general population. Furthermore, to enlighten the triangle between baseline life-style and cardio-metabolic risk factors, phenotypic OA-patterns (laterality, generalization, cause) and all-cause-mortality. Mortality was assessed during 20 years follow-up. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR), adjusted odds ratios and hazard ratios (aHR) were calculated. After five years cohort-mortality was reduced compared to the general population, however 20 years later assimilated (SMR = 1.11; 95%-CI 0.73-1.49). OA-patterns were associated with age, cholesterol, and overweight/obesity. In comparison to primary OA decreased mortality was observed for patients with secondary OA (aHR = 0.76; 95%-CI 0.61-0.95) adjusted for age, smoking, overweight/obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiac insufficiency, uric acid, and lower cholesterol. There was no increased mortality in patients after 20 years follow-up compared to general population. Significantly decreased mortality in secondary compared to primary OA suggests a subtype-specific involvement of systemic co-factors in determination of all-cause-mortality. Because cardio-metabolic risk factors were associated with increased risk of bilateral OA and lower long-term survival, those risk factors should be consequently targeted in OA-patients.

Published
2018
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3. The Matrix Is Not Ready for Screening Mammography

Author

R. James Brenner

Subjects
Humans, Mass Screening, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Breast Neoplasms, Female, General Medicine, Early Detection of Cancer, Mammography
Published
2022

4. Effect of phospholipids on the structure of Triatoma infestans lipophorin studied by fluorescence methods

Author

O J Rimoldi, H A Garda, and R R Brenner

Subjects
Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

To study the role of phospholipids in the lipophorin structure, they were removed by phospholipase A2 treatment. Fluorescence lifetimes and accessibility to acrylamide quenching of different diphenylhexatrienyl derivatives, which were used as analogues of the different lipid components, indicate a surface localization of phospholipids and a distribution of diacylglycerols between the core and the surface, the surface fraction being increased by the phospholipase A2 treatment. The rotational behavior of these probes, studied by differential polarized phase fluorescence, indicates a high lipid order not only in the surface layer where phospholipids are located, but also in the core occupied by diacylglycerols and hydrocarbons. Phospholipid depletion increases the order only in the external region of the surface layer. Energy transfer from apolipoprotein tryptophan residues to several fluorescent acceptors indicates that phospholipid depletion produces a re-accommodation of the apoproteins. A decreased mobility of the water in the interfacial region is also produced by the phospholipase A2 treatment as it is reported by the fluorescence of 6-lauroyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene. This work shows that phospholipase A2 treatment of T. infestans lipophorin results in stable particles with an increased diacylglycerol to phospholipid ratio in the surface lipid layer. The modified particles are possibly stabilized by a conformational change in the apolipoproteins.

Published
1996
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5. Possible compensation of structural and viscotropic properties in hepatic microsomes and erythrocyte membranes of rats with essential fatty acid deficiency.

Author

H A Garda, A M Bernasconi, and R R Brenner

Subjects
Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

The effect of essential fatty acid deficiency on the structural and dynamic properties of the lipid matrix of rat liver microsomes and erythrocyte membranes was studied. The rate and range of the rotational mobility of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene and 2-, 7-, and 12-(9-anthroyloxy)stearate probes in the native membranes and in lipid vesicles prepared with the total lipid extracts of these membranes were evaluated by using differential polarized phase fluorometry. For the anthroyloxystearate probes, two modes of rotation (in and out of the plane of the aromatic anthracene ring) were partially resolved by measuring at different excitation wavelengths. The fat-free diet produces important changes in the fatty acid composition of the different glycerophospholipid classes without affecting the total double-bond number, the relative contents of cholesterol, phospholipid, and protein, and the glycerophospholipid class distribution. The principal changes, more pronounced in liver microsomes than in erythrocytes, are: an increase in nonessential monoene and triene (18:1n-9 and 20:3n-9) and a decrease in essential diene (18:2n-6) and tetraene (20:4n-6). These changes modify the double-bond distribution as a function of the distance from the interphase toward the bilayer interior, with a significant deficit (15% in erythrocytes and 30% in liver microsomes) in the double-bond density in the intermediate region of the membrane leaflet, corresponding to the carbon number 11-12 of an extended saturated acyl chain, and where the 12-anthroyloxystearate probe is located. In spite of the changes in fatty acid composition and double-bond distribution, with the only exception of a slight increase (about 15%) in the “out of the plane” rotation rate of the 7-(9-anthroyloxy)stearate probe in the erythrocyte lipid vesicles, no other significant change is observed. Thus, the changes in fatty acid composition would take place in such a way that at least the average structural and viscotropic properties of the lipid phase of the membrane, sensed by these probes, would be almost exactly compensated.

Published
1994
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7. Impact of Breast Density Legislation on Breast Cancer Risk Assessment and Supplemental Screening: A Survey of 110 Radiology Facilities

Author

Bruce L. Daniel, Jonathan B Hargreaves, Jessica W.T. Leung, Edward A. Sickles, Kanae Miyake, Stephen A. Feig, Lina Nayak, Haydee Ojeda-Fournier, Bonnie N. Joe, William R. Thomas, R. James Brenner, Elissa R. Price, Lawrence W. Bassett, Yueyi I. Liu, Jafi A. Lipson, Debra M. Ikeda, and Karen K. Lindfors

Subjects
Canada, medicine.medical_specialty, Breast imaging, Breast Neoplasms, Legislation, Risk Assessment, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Breast cancer screening, 0302 clinical medicine, Cancer risk assessment, Surveys and Questionnaires, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Breast density, Breast Density, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, United States, Tomosynthesis, Exact test, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Surgery, Ultrasonography, Mammary, Radiology, Risk assessment, business, Mammography
Abstract

Breast density notification laws, passed in 19 states as of October 2014, mandate that patients be informed of their breast density. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of this legislation on radiology practices, including performance of breast cancer risk assessment and supplemental screening studies. A 20-question anonymous web-based survey was emailed to radiologists in the Society of Breast Imaging between August 2013 and March 2014. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test. Around 121 radiologists from 110 facilities in 34 USA states and 1 Canadian site responded. About 50% (55/110) of facilities had breast density legislation, 36% of facilities (39/109) performed breast cancer risk assessment (one facility did not respond). Risk assessment was performed as a new task in response to density legislation in 40% (6/15) of facilities in states with notification laws. However, there was no significant difference in performing risk assessment between facilities in states with a law and those without (p

Published
2016
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9. Measurement of the lifetime of tau-lepton

Author

U. Mjoernmark, Edoardo Castelli, F. Pierre, P. Allen, G. W. Van Apeldoorn, R. J. Apsimon, L. Ventura, V. Ruhlmann, Roland Horisberger, L. Bugge, D. Z. Toet, G. Hamel de Monchenault, Andrey Korytov, G. Ekspong, Itzhak Roditi, Gueorgui Chelkov, Pierre Juillot, M. De Beer, M. Bonesini, Y. Sacquin, Josef Strauss, M.A. Lopez Aguera, Francesca Romana Cavallo, Hans Muller, B. Koene, J.A.M.A. Buytaert, W. Venus, L. Di Ciaccio, Jan Krolikowski, N. N. Khovanski, Mitchell Wayne, M. S. Bilenky, G. Tristam, L.J. Carroll, W. Bartl, R. Pain, P. N. Bogolubov, M. J. Bates, J. A. Valls Ferrer, Giovanni Darbo, Christine Kourkoumelis, P. Siegrist, V. V. Lapin, N. Crosland, S. Simonetti, M. Begalli, E. Dahl-Jensen, Paolo Morettini, J. G. Loken, C. De Clercq, Klaus Hamacher, J. P. Laugier, Natale Demaria, R. Lucock, M. Richardson, G. Meola, Toralf Bernhard Skaali, M. Boratav, D. Gamba, P. Beilliere, M. Battaglia, T. Bolognese, W. J. Murray, R. Strub, J-C. Marin, Spyros Tzamarias, G. Cosme, A. Perrotta, G. Borisov, George Kalkanis, P. B. Renton, G. Voulgaris, M. Pimenta, B. A. Khomenko, M. Baubillier, V. Canale, S. Gumenyuk, R. A. Brenner, Stavros Maltezos, M. Bonapart, O. Barring, Y. Dufour, P. D. Dauncey, Sandor Czellar, D. C. Fries, Patrick Jarry, S. J. Alvsvaag, C. Vander Velde, N. De Groot, G. Rinaudo, G. Sette, A. Elliot Peisert, A. Stocchi, Francesco Navarria, J. Zúñiga, P. Astier, W. Bonivento, P. Weilhammer, A. M. Zaitsev, Alexander Vodopyanov, F. Bianchi, G. Vegni, N. Brummer, J. Bjarne, P. O. Hulth, T. Tabarelli, P. Van Dam, M. Davenport, G. Polok, A. Ruiz, Winfried Mitaroff, E. Lieb, P. Antilogus, C. Lambropoulos, Ugo Amaldi, W. De Boer, E. Zevgolatakos, G. Matthiae, Marta Calvi, P. Delpierre, I. Herbst, M. Matveev, R. Mc Nulty, I. Lippi, W. Kucewicz, E. K. Johansson, J. Pyyhtia, Geoffrey Smith, D. Johnson, Louis Lyons, W. Klempt, Renato Turchetta, H. De Boeck, S. Tavernier, G. Wormser, E. Daubie, G. E. Theodosiou, Mogens Dam, D. Fassouliotis, Ariella Cattai, F. Couchot, M. Kopf, M. Tyndel, S. C. Blyth, O. Pingot, G. Wilkinson, M.D.M. De Fez Laso, Juan Fuster, Jacques Lemonne, J. Sanchez, C. Bosio, E.N. Tsyganov, J. H. Wickens, Jose Luis Contreras, T. Kreuzberger, J. Derkaoui, S. Braibant, S. Dagoret, F. Stichelbaut, D. Zavrtanik, A. Tilquin, S. O. Holmgren, L. S. Vertogradov, J. Maillard, M. T. Trainor, P. Vaz, R. Sosnowski, O. Ullaland, Leif J. Jönsson, G. Myatt, F. Adami, V. G. Timofeev, A. G. Frodesen, Pawel Jalocha, Barry King, G. Smadja, L. Mathis, D. Husson, Ugo Gasparini, A. Pullia, J.M. Gago, D. Bertrand, J. Timmermans, I. A. Tyapkin, B.D. Hyams, T. S. Spassoff, Torsten Paul Ake Åkesson, Demetrios Loukas, R. Keranen, Philippe Charpentier, Francisco Matorras, N. Yamdagni, U. Trevisan, H. Furstenau, R. Frühwirth, L. O. Eek, R. C. Shellard, Josef Hrubec, A. M. Segar, A. G. Olshevski, B. Boštjančič, V. Perevozchikov, Theodora Papadopoulou, B. Korzen, Jon Christopher Wikne, C. Defoix, E. I. Rosenberg, A. Campion, S. Volponi, B. Dalmagne, F. Fulda-Quenzer, H. P. Borner, Stefan Schael, A. Lipniacka, Paul Baillon, Alexander Lincoln Read, M. Szeptycka, Tiziano Camporesi, A.J. Camacho Rozas, Abdenour Lounis, M.-H. Gros, Laurent Chevalier, M. Fernandez Alonso, D. Radojicic, V. Obraztsov, Jan Ridky, P. Folegati, Z. Hajduk, K. Kurvinen, Maciej Górski, W. Ruckstuhl, Borge Svane Nielsen, J. J. Lozano, Guido Barbiellini, R. Zukanovich Funchal, B. Franek, H. Wahlen, Ariel Goobar, E. Graziani, P. S. Iversen, F. Fontanelli, Maria Roberta Monge, A. Zalewska, Krzysztof Doroba, N. G. Redaelli, R. Moeller, A. Hakansson, Chiara Meroni, J. H. Koehne, Marco Bozzo, T. Hofmokl, Marek Szczekowski, J. M. Brunet, H. Foeth, Roberto Cirio, I. Roncagliolo, L. K. Resvanis, J. E. Hooper, J. Guy, P. Lutz, W. Krupinski, W. T. Meyer, P. V. Chliapnikov, Tord Ekelof, H. Staeck, D. Benedic, P. Abreu, P. Borgeaud, J. P. Gerber, Tim Adye, E. Rosso, H. Klein, P. Beltran, Peter Kluit, F. Naraghi, P. Frenkiel, K. H. Becks, E. Vallazza, Milos Lokajicek, J. Cuevas Maestro, A. Chan, B. Ueberschaer, Massimo Caccia, H. J. Hilke, D. J. Holthuizen, F. Waldner, S. Haider, Antonio Ferrer, Tuure Tuuva, F. Simonetto, F. Kapusta, K. W. Glitza, Clara Troncon, G. Leder, B. Åsman, W.S.C. Williams, J.-E. Augustin, F. Ledroit, E.N. Gazos, M. Schaeffer, B. Loerstad, Eilam Gross, B. Nijjhar, E. Menichetti, Stefano Ragazzi, K. Furnival, C. Walck, A. De Angelis, P. Collins, D. Delikaris, Vladimir Nikolaenko, C. Caso, J. Drees, Fernand Grard, A. Passeri, D. Crennell, F. Mandl, T. Todorov, H. Burmeister, N. van Eijndhoven, J. Werner, L. Tortora, F. J. Harris, C. De La Vaissiere, C. J. Beeston, Daniel Bloch, F. Cao, Ahmimed Ouraou, Wolfgang Adam, M. L. Turluer, B. W. Heck, M. Mazzucato, P. Szymanski, Robert S. Brown, V.M. Golovatyuk, Carlos Lacasta, K. D. Brand, N. I. Zimin, Krzysztof A. Rybicki, H. B. Crawley, D. Isenhower, A. Pinsent, D. Wormald, K. Woschnagg, A. De Min, Joao Varela, V. Falaleev, M. Dracos, J. J. Gomez Y Cadenas, V. Chorowicz, D. Reid, Yu. Belokopytov, S. Squarcia, Matteo Pegoraro, E. C. Katsoufis, G. Gopal, E. G. Anassontzis, R. Holmes, H. Saarikko, M. Voutilainen, G. Grosdidier, W. Dulinski, K. A. J. Forbes, S. D. Hodgson, S. Ueberschaer, G. Galeazzi, J. P. Engel, P. Bambade, K. Moenig, M. V. Castillo Gimenez, E. J. Sanchez, M. Crozon, T. Buran, Gianni Zumerle, P. Roudeau, Alessandra Romero, J. Kesteman, A. Maltezos, G. Damgaard, F. Verbeure, C. Bricman, M. A E Schyns, Martino Margoni, P. F. Honore, E. Fokitis, G. D. Alekseev, Olga Botner, M. Michelotto, V. Gracco, Pavlos Ioannou, Krzysztof Korcyl, A. N. Sissakian, R. Llosa, Claudia J. Stubenrauch, Carmen García, B. Jean-Marie, Mario Sannino, Eleuterio Spiriti, P. Poropat, Andromachi Tsirou, M. A. Houlden, M. Mc Cubbin, K. Hultqvist, Georgios Stavropoulos, P. David, Andre Augustinus, W. K. Van Doninck, F. Richard, W.-D. Apel, C. Matteuzzi, M. Hahn, D. Vilanova, S. Almehed, F. Hahn, S. Marti, U. Kruener-Marquis, Paolo Ronchese, N. J. Kjaer, Paula Eerola, Lucio Cerrito, M. A. Winter, G. E. Kalmus, H. Palka, G. Skjevling, J. W. Lamsa, F. Barao, T. Henkes, B. De Lotto, G. Crosetti, Evgueni Vlasov, E. Higon, R. Seufert, H. Herr, F. Scuri, A. M. Wetherell, L. G. Tkatchev, Jmv Garcia, L. Lanceri, A. Firestone, M. Vollmer, U. Rossi, Paolo Giacomelli, R. Sekulin, S. Delorme, M. Zito, J. J. Hernandez, T. Moa, G. Maehlum, B. Grossetete, Allan Hallgren, Giovanni Valenti, Antonio Baroncelli, Guenakh Mitselmakher, Fares Djama, José Salt, L. Vibert, M. Jonker, William Trischuk, A. Markou, Cristian Stanescu, P. Branchini, H. Schneider, R. Lauhakangas, Tiziano Rovelli, Mikael Berggren, G. Kantardjian, M. Sessa, M. Los, V. Lepeltier, M. Donszelmann, H. Forsbach, C. Ronnqvist, Paolo Checchia, G. Zhang, A. P. Ostankov, Ph. Gavillet, R. Gokieli, Dietrich Liko, P. Privitera, V. Kostukhin, R. Zitoun, M. Turala, Luc Pape, P. Herquet, R. Contri, Piotr Zalewski, U. Nau-Korzen, Manolis Dris, E. Lillethun, V.A. Uvarov, Daniel Treille, J. N. Jackson, P. Kokkinias, J. Lindgren, Nikita Smirnov, F. Carena, Pierre Billoir, M. Pernicka, I. Hietanen, Jose M. Benlloch, A. Grant, Vaclav Vrba, Hans Dijkstra, G. Lenzen, J. E. Campagne, M. Koratzinos, P. Negri, J.H. Bibby, Göran Jarlskog, A. Letessier-Selvon, J. Dolbeau, P.S.L. Booth, P. N. Ratoff, A. Lopez-Fernandez, J. Marco, M. P. Clara, Maria Elena Pol, S. Katsanevas, D. Y. Bardin, T. A. Filippas, M. Regler, P. Yepes, H. Mueller, C. O. Higgins, B. Bouquet, R. Orava, A. Klovning, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CMS, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), L3, Acciarri, M., Achard, P., Adriani, O., Aguilar Benitez, M., Alcaraz, J., Alemanni, G., Allaby, J., Aloisio, Alberto, Alviggi, Mariagrazia, Ambrosi, G., Anderhub, H., Andreev, V. P., Angelescu, T., Anselmo, F., Arefiev, A., Azemoon, T., Aziz, T., Bagnaia, P., Bajo, A., Baksay, L., Balandras, A., Banerjee, S., Barczyk, A., Barillere, R., Barone, L., Bartalini, P., Basile, M., Battiston, R., Bay, A., Becattini, F., Becker, U., Behner, F., Bellucci, L., Berbeco, R., Berdugo, J., Berges, P., Bertucci, B., Betev, B. L., Bhattacharya, S., Biasini, M., Biland, A., Blaising, J. J., Blyth, S. C., Bobbink, G. J., Bohm, A., Boldizsar, L., Borgia, B., Bourilkov, D., Bourquin, M., Braccini, S., Branson, J. G., V, B., Brochu, F., Buffini, A., Buijs, A., Burger, J. D., Burger, W. J., Cai, X. D., Campanelli, M., Capell, M., Romeo, G. C., Carlino, G., Cartacci, A. M., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cavallari, F., Cavallo, N., Cecchi, C., Cerrada, M., Cesaroni, F., Chamizo, M., Chang, Y. H., Chaturvedi, U. K., Chemarin, M., Chen, A., Chen, G., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. F., Chen, H. S., Chiefari, Giovanni, Cifarelli, L., Cindolo, F., Civinini, C., I, C., Clare, R., Coignet, G., Colijn, A. P., Colino, N., Costantini, S., Cotorobai, F., Cozzoni, B., B. d., La, Csilling, A., Cucciarelli, S., Dai, T. S., Van, J. A., D'Alessandro, R., Asmundis, R. d., Deglon, P., Degre, A., Deiters, K., DELLA VOLPE, Domenico, Denes, P., Denotaristefani, F., Salvo, A. D., Diemoz, M., Dierendonck, D. v., Lodovico, F. D., Dionisi, C., Dittmar, M., Dominguez, A., Doria, A., Dova, M. T., Duchesneau, D., Dufournaud, D., Duinker, P., I, D., Mamouni, H. E., Engler, A., Eppling, F. J., Erne, F. C., Extermann, P., Fabre, M., Faccini, R., Falagan, M. A., Falciano, S., Favara, A., Fay, J., Fedin, O., Felcini, M., Ferguson, T., Ferroni, F., Fesefeldt, H., Fiandrini, E., Field, J. H., Filthaut, F., Fisher, P. H., I, F., Forconi, G., Fredj, L., Freudenreich, K., Furetta, C., Galaktionov, Y., Ganguli, S. N., Garcia Abia, P., Gataullin, M., Gau, S. S., Gentile, S., Gheordanescu, N., Giagu, S., Gong, Z. F., Grenier, G., Grimm, O., Gruenewald, M. W., Guida, M., Gulik, R. v., Gupta, V. K., Gurtu, A., Gutay, L. J., Haas, D., Hasan, A., Hatzifotiadou, D., Hebbeker, T., Herve, A., Hidas, P., Hirschfelder, J., Hofer, H., Holzner, G., Hoorani, H., Sr, H., Hu, Y., I, I., Jin, B. N., Jones, L. W., Jong, P. d., I, J., Khan, R. A., Kaur, M., Kienzle Focacci, M. N., Kim, D., Kim, J. K., Kirkby, J., Kiss, D., Kittel, W., Klimentov, A., Konig, A. C., Kopp, A., V, K., Kraber, M., Kraemer, R. W., Krenz, W., Kruger, A., Kunin, A., P. L., De, I, L., Landi, G., Lassila Perini, K., Lebeau, M., Lebedev, A., Lebrun, P., Lecomte, P., Lecoq, P., Coultre, P. L., Lee, H. J., J. M., Le, Leiste, R., Leonardi, E., Levtchenko, P., Li, C., Lokhoded, S., Lin, C. H., Lin, W. T., Linde, F. L., Lista, L., Liu, Z. A., Lohmann, W., Longo, E., Y. S., Lu, Lubelsmeyer, K., Luci, C., Luckey, D., Lugnier, L., Luminari, L., Lustermann, W., W. G., Ma, Maity, M., Malgeri, L., Malinin, A., Mana, C., Mangeol, D., Mans, J., Marchesini, P., Marian, G., Martin, J. P., Marzano, F., G. G. G., Mazumdar, K., Mcneil, R. R., Mele, S., Merola, Leonardo, Meschini, M., Metzger, W. J., Der, M. v., Mihul, A., Milcent, H., Mirabelli, G., Mnich, J., Mohanty, G. B., Molnar, P., Monteleoni, B., Moore, R., Moulik, T., Muanza, G. S., Muheim, F., A. J. M., Musy, M., Napolitano, Marco, Nessi Tedaldi, F., Newman, H., Niessen, T., Nisati, A., Nowak, H., Organtini, G., Oulianov, A., Palomares, C., Pandoulas, D., Paoletti, S., Paolucci, P., Paramatti, R., Park, H. K., Park, I. H., Pascale, G., Passaleva, G., Patricelli, Sergio, Paul, T., Pauluzzi, M., Paus, C., Pauss, F., Pedace, M., Pensotti, S., Perret Gallix, D., Petersen, B., Piccolo, D., Pierella, F., Pieri, M., Piroue, P. A., Pistolesi, E., V, P., Pohl, M., Postema, H., Pothier, J., Produit, N., Prokofiev, D. O., Prokofiev, D., Quartieri, J., Rahal Callot, G., Rahaman, M. A., Raics, P., Raja, N., Ramelli, R., Rancoita, P. G., Raspereza, A., Raven, G., Razis, P., Ren, D., Rescigno, M., Reucroft, S., Rhee, T. v., Riemann, S., Riles, K., Robohm, A., Rodin, J., Roe, B. P., Romero, L., Rosca, A., Rosier Lees, S., Rubio, J. A., Ruschmeier, D., Rykaczewski, H., Saremi, S., Sarkar, S., Salicio, J., Sanchez, E., Sanders, M. P., Sarakinos, M. E., Schafer, C., V, S., Schmidt Kaerst, S., Schmitz, D., Schopper, H., Schotanus, D. J., Schwering, G., Sciacca, Crisostomo, Sciarrino, D., Seganti, A., Servoli, L., Shevchenko, S., Shivarov, N., Shumilov, E., Shvorob, A., Siedenburg, T., Son, D., Smith, B., Spillantini, P., Steuer, M., Stickland, D. P., Stone, A., Stoyanov, B., Straessner, A., Sudhakar, K., Sultanov, G., Sun, L. Z., Suter, H., Swain, J. D., Szillasi, Z., Sztaricskai, T., Tang, X. W., Tauscher, L., Taylor, L., Tellili, B., Timmermans, C., S. C. C., Ting, S. M., Tonwar, S. C., Toth, J., Tully, C., Tung, K. L., Uchida, Y., Ulbricht, J., Valente, E., Vesztergombi, G., I, V., Vicinanza, D., Viertel, G., Villa, S., Vivargent, M., Vlachos, S., Vogel, H., Vogt, H., Vorobyov, A. A., Vorvolakos, A., Wadhwa, M., Wallraff, W., Wang, M., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z. M., Weber, A., Weber, M., Wienemann, P., Wilkens, H., S. X., Wu, Wynhoff, S., Xia, L., Z. Z., Xu, Yamamoto, J., Yang, B. Z., Yang, C. G., Yang, H. J., Yang, M., J. B., Ye, Yeh, S. C., Zalite, A., Zalite, Y., Zhang, Z. P., Zhu, G. Y., Zhu, R. Y., Zichichi, A., Ziegler, F., Zilizi, G., Zoller, M., L3 (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), LEP (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Achard, Pablo, Ambrosi, Giovanni, Bourquin, Maurice, Braccini, Saverio, Chamizo Llatas, Maria, Deglon, Patrick, Extermann, Pierre, Field, John, Kienzle, Maria-Novella, Pohl, Martin, Sciarrino, Deborah, Aguilarbenitez, M., Ahlen, S., Alpat, B., Alverson, G., Antreasyan, D., Ball, R. C., Banicz, K., Baschirotto, A., Bilei, G. M., Bock, R., Boucham, A., Boutigny, D., Brigljevic, V., Brock, I. C., Busenitz, J., Buytenhuijs, A., Caria, M., Chan, A., Cheng, H. S., Chen, M., Chien, C. Y., Choi, M. T., Clare, I., Cohn, H. O., Cotorbai, F., Delacruz, B., Dalessandro, R., Deasmundis, R., Deboeck, H., Dibitonto, D., Vandierendonck, D., Dilodovico, F., Dorne, I., Drago, E., Duran, I., Dutta, S., Easo, S., Efremenko, Y., Elmamouni, H., Ernenwein, J. P., Fenyi, B., Fernandez, D., Garciaabia, P., Gerald, J., Goldfarb, S., Goldstein, J., Gougas, A., Gratta, G., Hangarter, K., Hartmann, B., Vanhoek, W. C., Hou, S. R., Hu, G., Innocente, V., Janssen, H., Dejong, P., Josamutuberria, I., Kasser, A., Kamyshkov, Y., Kapinos, P., Kapustinsky, J. S., Karyotakis, Y., Kienzlefocacci, M. N., Kim, S. C., Kim, Y. G., Kinnison, W. W., Kirkby, A., Kirkby, D., Korolko, I., Koutsenko, V., Kuijten, H., Deguevara, P. L., Lapoint, C., Lassilaperini, K., Laurikainen, P., Lecoultre, P., Lee, J. S., Lee, K. Y., Leggett, C., Legoff, J. M., Lieb, E., Lu, W., Lustemann, W., Majumder, G., Mangla, S., Marin, A., Mcnally, D., Vondermey, M., Mi, Y., A. J. W., Morganti, S., Mount, R., Muller, S., Nagy, E., Nahn, S., Nessitedaldi, F., Nippe, A., Ostonen, R., Peach, D., Pei, Y. J., Perretgallix, D., Petrak, S., Pevsner, A., Pinto, J. C., Plyaskin, V., Pojidaev, V., Rahalcallot, G., Rattaggi, M., Read, K., Vanrhee, T., Riemers, B. C., Rind, O., Ro, S., Rodriguez, F. J., Rohner, J. A., Santocchia, A., Sassowsky, M., Sauvage, G., Schegelsky, V., Schmidtkaerst, S., Schmitz, P., Schneegans, M., Sens, J. C., Shoutko, V., Shukla, J., Sopczak, A., Soulimov, V., Stone, H., Strauch, K., Susinno, G. F., Uwer, U., Vandewalle, R. T., Vetlitsky, I., Volkert, R., Vorobiev, I., Wang, J. C., Wittgenstein, F., Xu, J., Yao, X. Y., You, J. M., Zemp, P., Zeng, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhou, B., and Zhou, Y.

Subjects
COLLISIONS, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, LUND MONTE-CARLO, PAIR PRODUCTION, Electron–positron annihilation, FOS: Physical sciences, Elementary particle, ddc:500.2, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Resonance (particle physics), JET FRAGMENTATION, DECAYS, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Particle decay, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], SILICON MICROVERTEX DETECTOR, PRECISE MEASUREMENT, Limit (mathematics), QCD ANALYSIS, 010306 general physics, L3 EXPERIMENT, Coupling constant, Physics, Muon, Annihilation, TEST BEAM, E+E-PHYSICS, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, ALPHA(S), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Detector, Pair production, SPECTRAL FUNCTIONS, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment, Lepton
Abstract

The tau lepton lifetime is measured with the L3 detector at LEP using the complete data taken at centre-of-mass energies around the Z pole resulting in tau_tau = 293.2 +/- 2.0 (stat) +/- 1.5 (syst) fs. The comparison of this result with the muon lifetime supports lepton universality of the weak charged current at the level of six per mille. Assuming lepton universality, the value of the strong coupling constant, alpha_s is found to be alpha_s(m_tau^2) = 0.319 +/- 0.015(exp.) +/- 0.014 (theory). The tau lepton lifetime is measured with the L3 detector at LEP using the complete data taken at centre-of-mass energies around the Z pole resulting in τ τ =293.2 ± 2.0 (stat) ± 1.5 (syst) fs . The comparison of this result with the muon lifetime supports lepton universality of the weak charged current at the level of six per mille. Assuming lepton universality, the value of the strong coupling constant, α s is found to be α s ( m τ 2 ) = 0.319 ± 0.015 (exp) ± 0.014 (theory). The tau lepton lifetime is measured with the L3 detector at LEP using the complete data taken at centre-of-mass energies around the Z pole resulting in tau_tau = 293.2 +/- 2.0 (stat) +/- 1.5 (syst) fs. The comparison of this result with the muon lifetime supports lepton universality of the weak charged current at the level of six per mille. Assuming lepton universality, the value of the strong coupling constant, alpha_s is found to be alpha_s(m_tau^2) = 0.319 +/- 0.015(exp.) +/- 0.014 (theory).

Published
2015
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10. Evolving Medical-Legal Issues in Breast Imaging

Author

R. James Brenner

Subjects
medicine.diagnostic_test, Breast imaging, business.industry, Medical malpractice, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Variety (cybernetics), 03 medical and health sciences, Breast cancer screening, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Medical imaging, medicine, Breast screening, Relevance (law), Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Engineering ethics, Breast density, business
Abstract

Because breast imaging practice is associated with a high number of medical malpractice lawsuits, understanding basic medical-legal parameters becomes even more important as new technology and conditions of practice evolve. Incorporating new supplementary breast screening in strategizing a response to the importance of breast density, recognizing the purpose and ramifications of issuing diagnostic imaging reports, understanding the role of expert witnesses in assisting standard of care determinations and employing reasonable applications for off-label use of medical devices exemplify the relevance of integrating defensible practice patterns in a changing medical environment. This article addresses these issues and provides a contextual discussion so that physicians and facilities are educated in their selection of a wide variety of approaches that can be applied to clinical use.

Published
2018
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11. Measurement of the electron structure function F2e at LEP energies

Author

S. Katsanevas, Jalal Abdallah, T. da Silva, R. Orava, G. Eigen, B. Bouquet, P. Bambade, P.S.L. Booth, F. Carena, M. Bonesini, V. Perepelitsa, Z. Krumstein, S. Paiano, A. Ballestrero, K. Muenich, M. Battaglia, T. Tabarelli, A. N. Sisakian, M. Feindt, Louis Lyons, P. Jonsson, Valeriy Pozdniakov, Patrick Jarry, E. K. Johansson, Paolo Ronchese, A. Petrolini, Marco Costa, A. Tonazzo, N. J. Kjaer, A. De Min, U. Flagmeyer, N. De Maria, Sofia Andringa, E. Brodet, T. Myklebust, M. Rivero, A. Sadovsky, Jesus Marco, B. P. Kersevan, L. Jungermann, R. Contri, Stanislav Nemecek, R. Mc Nulty, Dietrich Liko, M. Tobin, J. H. Wickens, B. Muryn, M. Berggren, Nuno Filipe Castro, N. Pukhaeva, Nicola Amapane, V. Vrba, Goeran Jarlskog, M. Szeptycka, D. Fassouliotis, K. Doroba, J. Van Eldik, A. Pullia, S-O. Holmgren, G. Polok, Marco Paganoni, A. Augustinus, Demetrios Loukas, M. Pimenta, M. Houlden, B. De Lotto, K. Moenig, Martijn Mulders, P. Tyapkin, F. Ledroit, Jacques Lemonne, M. Chapkin, Daniel Treille, Paolo Morettini, P. Bruckman, Agnieszka Oblakowska-Mucha, E. Anashkin, C. Joram, Alberto Benvenuti, Fabrizio Ferro, F. Hauler, C. Parkes, E. Piotto, O. Yushchenko, Diego Rodriguez, F. Pierre, R. Sekulin, L. G. Tkatchev, Martino Margoni, E. Fokitis, J. N. Jackson, Piotr Zalewski, U. Mueller, A. Malek, Maarten Boonekamp, L. De Paula, A. Markou, Chiara Meroni, G. Grosdidier, Ugo Amaldi, Vincent Hedberg, W. A. Mitaroff, W. De Boer, P. Roudeau, Luis Peralta, F. Kapusta, M. Stanitzki, A. J. Washbrook, G. Tristram, A. G. Olshevski, G. Della Ricca, Ernesto Migliore, A. Oyanguren, B. Tome, P. Rebecchi, Th. D. Papadopoulou, D. Vilanova, Marcin Kucharczyk, Chiara Mariotti, L. Pieri, R. A. Brenner, Guillelmo Gomez-Ceballos, Roberto Chierici, J-C. Marin, G. Cosme, R. Gokieli, Krzysztof Nawrocki, C. Martinez-Rivero, Alessandra Romero, G. Kernel, L. Vitale, D. Radojicic, S. Haug, B. Åsman, V.A. Uvarov, Valerio Verzi, José Salt, W. D. Apel, Mattias Ellert, M. Begalli, C. Kourkoumelis, J. Drees, Spyros Tzamarias, P. B. Renton, Nathalie Besson, Georgios Fanourakis, Francesca Romana Cavallo, P. Antilogus, J. Rehn, Marek Szczekowski, A. Zalewska, Rafael Marco, T. Allmendinger, A. Baroncelli, Jan Ridky, T. J. V. Bowcock, J. H. Lopes, V. Canale, D. Wicke, Luiz Mundim, Evangelos Gazis, P. Van Dam, W. Slominski, Jorgen D'Hondt, K. Osterberg, Ph. Charpentier, P. Abreu, U. Mjoernmark, M. Trochimczuk, M. Espirito Santo, W. Venus, C. De Clercq, P. Goncalves, P. Lutz, G. Leder, W. J. Murray, Keith Hamilton, M. Witek, W. Liebig, Tord Ekelof, Y. Arnoud, D. Zavrtanik, A. Onofre, Daniel Jeans, V. Obraztsov, B. Stugu, A. Behrmann, J. M. Lopez, P. Verdier, P. P. Allport, M. Nikolenko, S. Ask, M. Gandelman, F. Tegenfeldt, Tiziano Rovelli, Michal Bluj, G. Borisov, M. Hennecke, T. Spassov, U. Kerzel, Tiziano Camporesi, I. A. Tyapkin, Juan Fuster, Petr Travnicek, L. Leinonen, K. Cieslik, Jose R. Fernandez, Sandra Amato, O. Kouznetsov, K. Belous, B. Marechal, E. C. Katsoufis, Javier Cuevas, A. Stocchi, Paul Baillon, Francesco Navarria, Pablo Tortosa, Barry King, V. Lepeltier, M. Siebel, D. Ryabtchikov, B. Buschbeck, M. Moch, Marc Besancon, Rosy Nicolaidou, J. Guy, Paolo Checchia, G. Vegni, P. Kluit, Marta Calvi, Marc Winter, Fabio Cossutti, Andre Sopczak, Nikolaos P. Mastroyiannopoulos, Petar Adzic, A. Zintchenko, L. Salmi, S. Maltezos, Jiri Masik, Ph. Gavillet, T. Moa, J. Montenegro, Igor Boyko, C. Troncon, J. Szwed, N.I. Zimin, R. Reinhardt, R. Monge, M. Zupan, Filipe Veloso, K. Grzelak, Luc Pape, T. Lesiak, J. MacNaughton, C. Weiser, C. Haag, N. Van Remortel, J. Timmermans, Tomasz Szumlak, M. Bracko, S. U. Chung, Oliver Passon, R. Sosnowski, Aurore Savoy-Navarro, Allan Hallgren, Giovanni Valenti, R. Alemany-Fernandez, J. E. Augustin, U. Schwickerath, V. Zhuravlov, J. Chudoba, A. Lipniacka, K. H. Becks, D. Moraes, Antonio Ferrer, P. V. Chliapnikov, A. Di Simone, G. Myatt, H. Palka, J. W. Lamsa, J. Hoffman, L. Di Ciaccio, Andrey Sokolov, P. Buschmann, A. Andreazza, D. Crennell, F. Mandl, M. Blom, P. Kokkinias, Nuno Anjos, Guy Wilkinson, P. J. Holt, E. Ben-Haim, N. Benekos, T. Albrecht, J. Strauss, S. Todorovova, Francisco Matorras, Ulrich Parzefall, T. Podobnik, Gareth J. Barker, F. Mazzucato, K. Hamacher, W. Da Silva, F. Richard, C. Matteuzzi, I. van Vulpen, A. Passeri, M. Nassiakou, D. Bertrand, G. Smadja, V. Poireau, M. Mazzucato, H. Wahlen, Christian Sander, Rupert Leitner, A. Perrotta, M. Baubillier, V. Ruhlmann-Kleider, H. Foeth, C. Berat, A. De Angelis, P. Collins, Daniel Bloch, Salvador Carrillo Moreno, Ahmimed Ouraou, F. Parodi, B. Golob, Markus Elsing, D. Y. Bardin, Olga Botner, Oxana Smirnova, Wolfgang Adam, Carmen García, J. Piedra, M. L. Turluer, D. Reid, J. P. Palacios, F. Fulda-Quenzer, E. Graziani, J. M. Brunet, R. Barbier, and Maria Elena Pol

Subjects
Physics, Scattering cross-section, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Photon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, Structure function, Virtual particle, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Large target, Photon structure function, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

The hadronic part of the electron structure function F-2(e) has been measured for the first time, using e(+)e(-) data collected by the DELPHI experiment at LEP, at centre-of-mass energies of root s = 91.2-209.5 GeV. The data analysis is simpler than that of the measurement of the photon structure function. The electron structure function F-2(e) data are compared to predictions of phenomenological models based on the photon structure function. It is shown that the contribution of large target photon virtualities is significant. The data presented can serve as a cross-check of the photon structure function F-2(gamma) analyses and help in refining existing parameterisations. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Published
2014
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12. Evaluation of Breast Silicone Implants

Author

R. James Brenner

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Prosthesis-Related Infections, Breast Implants, Silicones, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Silicone, law, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Breast, business.industry, technology, industry, and agriculture, Silicone implant, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mr imaging, Surgery, Equipment Failure Analysis, chemistry, Breast implant, Female, Contracture, medicine.symptom, business, Clinical evaluation, Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials
Abstract

While clinical evaluation of breast implants and their complications can identify capsule contracture and rupture of saline implants, the identification of silicone implant failure is best accomplished by silicone specific protocols for MRI with orthogonal acquisition. Such imaging can also help resolve other clinical problems. Following a brief overview of the history and development of commercial use of silicone implants and alternatives, this article outlines the approach toward optimal imaging and expected results.

Published
2013
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13. Measurement of the partial width of the decay of the Z0 into charm quark pairs

Author

U. Kruener-Marquis, M. L. Turluer, D. Reid, D. Bertrand, P. Siegrist, P. Vaz, I. Lippi, J-C. Marin, P. Lutz, E. K. Johansson, D. Bollini, P. B. Renton, W. S. C. Williams, Spyros Tzamarias, P. Poropat, Andromachi Tsirou, P. V. Chliapnikov, Andre Augustinus, A. Wehr, Edoardo Castelli, D. Radojicic, E. Menichetti, E. Fokitis, Paula Eerola, D.N. Edwards, S. Biagi, Tiziano Rovelli, M. Cresti, S. Gawne, Wolfgang Adam, M. Davenport, J. Pyyhtia, R. Keranen, L. Paper, E. I. Rosenberg, P. Frenkiel, A. Passeri, V.A. Uvarov, A. M. Segar, V. Nikolaenko, G. Trustram, Tord Ekelof, H. Staeck, P. Kapusta, G. E. Kalmus, M. Kostrikov, F. Grard, V. Vrba, S. Squarcia, F. Cao, E. N. Gazis, B. Korzen, R.B. Kadyrov, Bengt Lund-Jensen, G. Ekspong, Giovanni Darbo, F. Couchot, A. A. Rademakers, W. T. Meyer, Anthony Lincoln Read, A. P. Ostankov, J. Bjarne, H. Palka, Itzhak Roditi, Natale Demaria, Gueorgui Chelkov, A. Ruiz, G. R. Wilkinson, C. Vander Velde, Wojciech Kucewicz, L. Tortora, T. Tuuva, J. N. Jackson, S. O. Holmgren, M. Szczekowski, G. Galeazzi, A. Ferrer, L. S. Vertogradov, Borge Svane Nielsen, H. Burmeister, F. Barao, Roberto Cirio, L. K. Resvanis, F. Simonetto, E. Lieb, J. J. Lozano, M. H. Gros, U. Nnau-Lorzen, M. S. Bilenky, S. Ferroni, P. Bambade, K. Kurvinen, P.S.L. Booth, J. Lindgren, L.J. Carroll, W. Klempt, L. Lyons, O. Doll, Krzysztof Doroba, George Kalkanis, Chiara Meroni, Robert S. Brown, Tiziano Camporesi, Klaus Hamacher, M. Bonapart, Massimo Caccia, J. G. Loken, S. D. Hodgson, C. Bricman, A. Pullia, M. I. Laakso, L. O. Eek, R. C. Shellard, Josef Hrubec, M. A. Winter, S. Simonetti, J. Maillard, T. A. Filippas, T. Hofmokl, S. Gumenyuk, R. A. Brenner, Ariella Cattai, P. Ronschese, D. Benedic, E. Higon, R. Seufert, F. Scuri, J. Sanxhez, A. M. Wetherell, Th. D. Papadopoulou, J. H. Bibby, Pierre Billoir, G. Cosme, A. Baroncelli, Marco Bozzo, M. J. Bates, B. De Lotto, Guenakh Mitselmakher, G. Crosetti, S. J. Alvsvaag, Leif J. Jönsson, Ugo Gasparini, D. C. Fries, P. Weilhammer, I. Belokopytov, D. Husson, I. A. Tyapkin, T. S. Spassoff, A. Campion, M. Pegoraro, M. Pernicka, G. Lenzen, R. Strub, J. E. Campagne, M. Koratzinos, L. Lanceri, Paul Baillon, E. C. Katsoufis, G. Myatt, E. Graziani, Mikko Voutilainen, P. S. Iversen, F. Fontanelli, H. Furstenau, E. Sanchis, A. Lopez-Fernandez, Marta Calvi, L. Di Ciaccio, C. Defoix, P. Szymanski, A. Firestone, N. Redaelli, J. Marco, S. Ueberschaer, F. Waldner, H. Wahlen, Ariel Goobar, Ugo Amaldi, H. Forsbach, J. W. Lamsa, Guido Barbiellini, H. Herr, L. G. Tkatchev, Jose M. Benlloch, A. Grant, Mogens Dam, C. Lambropoulos, Patrick Jarry, G. Rinaudo, Clara Troncon, J. Guy, W. De Boer, Geoffrey Smith, E.N. Tsyganov, J. H. Wickens, W. Dulinski, Jose Luis Contreras, A. Fenyuk, J. H. Koehne, M. Pimenta, K. Woschnagg, B. A. Khomenko, A. De Min, A. Stocchi, Joao Varela, Hans Dijkstra, A. Markou, T. Buran, N. De Groot, P. Beltran, M. Vollmer, P. Delpierre, Tim Adye, W. D. Apel, B. Franek, P. Kluit, M. Mazzucato, U. Rossi, C. Walck, Paolo Giacomelli, J. E. Hooper, Francesco Navarria, L. Vibert, K. H. Becks, G. W. Van Apeldoorn, M. P. Clara, G. D. Alekseev, P. Negri, J. M. Brunet, M. Jonker, Pierre Astier, J. Zúñiga, M. Boratay, P. Abreu, P. Borgeaud, R. Sekulin, A. Zalewska, M. Baubillier, K. D. Brand, E. Vallazza, L. Ventura, G. Hamel de Monchenault, H. Schneider, Göran Jarlskog, Jan Ridky, L. Mathis, T. Moa, M.A. Lopez Aguera, M. Mc Cubbin, K. Hultqvist, H. Borner, C. Pinori, B.D. Hyams, Mikael Berggren, S. Ragazzi, A. Sebastia, Francesca Romana Cavallo, Josef Strauss, E. Lillethum, A. Letessier-Selvon, Mitchell Wayne, P. Zalewski, V. Lepeltier, G. Kantarjian, B. Grossetete, Allan Hallgren, Vegni, Giovanni Valenti, F. Udo, W. Venus, G. Maehlum, I. Herbst, V. Ruhlmann, Paolo Checchia, Jacques Lemonne, J. Velasco, E. Rosso, H. Klein, Ph. Gavillet, V. V. Lapin, Hans Muller, Fares Djama, V. Canale, N. K. Visnevskiy, C. De Clercq, F. Kapusta, L. Bugge, J. Drees, P. D. Dauncey, N. J. Kjaer, A. J. Camacho Rozas, G. Sette, M. Sessa, Maria Elena Pol, G. Leder, Alexander Vodopyanov, B. Åsman, G. Zumerle, L. Cerrito, F. Bianchi, P. N. Bogolubov, F. Ledroit, Kjell Fransson, S. Katsanevas, P. Privitera, D. Z. Toet, T. Kreuzberger, D. Vilanova, Christine Kourkoumelis, E. Dahl-Jensen, M. Schaeffer, D. Y. Bardin, P. Beilliere, D. Crennell, W. Van Doninck, P. N. Ratoff, Andrea Perrotta, F. Alted, J. Dolbeau, F. Mandl, G. Smadja, A. Klovning, Daniel Treille, Paul Allen, R. Lucock, R. Sosnowski, Olga Botner, Krzysztof Korcyl, A. Tilquin, Jorge-Armando Benitez Garcia, U. Mjoernmark, R. Gokieli, B. W. Heck, P.I. Zarubin, J. J. Hernandez, J. Cuevas Maestro, P. O. Hulth, P. Yepes, M. Regler, C. J. Beeston, J. Krolikowski, N. Magnussen, P. Herquet, H. De Boeck, V. Falaleev, E. Daubie, P. Laurikainen, M. De Beer, M. R. Monge, B. Jean-Marie, S. Braibant, S. Tavernier, M. Tyndel, M. Bonesini, J. A. M. A. Buytaert, Y. Gouz, N. Crosland, G. Gopal, Y. Sacquin, Andrey Korytov, R. Llosa, H. 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Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, E+E ANNIHILATION, Meson, LUND MONTE-CARLO, Electron–positron annihilation, Hadron, 01 natural sciences, JET FRAGMENTATION, Charm quark, Standard Model, law.invention, Nuclear physics, PHYSICS, ENERGY, Pion, D-STAR-MESON, CROSS-SECTION, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Collider, Nuclear Experiment, Boson, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Physique des particules élémentaires, Física nuclear, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A determination of the partial width Γc̄ of the Z0 boson into charm quark pairs is presented, based on a total sample of 36 900 Z0 hadronic decays measured with the DELPHI detector at the LEP collider. The production rate of cc events is derived from the inclusive analysis of charged pions coming from the decay of charmed meson D*+-→D0π+ and D*-→D̄0π- where the π± is constrained by kinematics to have a low pT with respect to the jet axis. The probability to procedure these π± from D*± decay in cc events is taken to be 0.31±0.05 as measured at √S = 10.55 GeV. The measured relative partial width Γ∞/Γh = 0.162± 0.030(stat.) ± 0.050(syst.) is in good agreement with the standard model value of 0.171. Together with our previous measurement of the total hadronic width Γh this implies Γ∞ = 282 ± 53 (stat.) ± 88 (syst.) MeV., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2016
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14. BOSE-EINSTEIN CORRELATIONS IN THE HADRONIC DECAYS OF THE Z(0)

Author

Jorge-Armando Benitez Garcia, D. J. Holthuizen, T. J. V. Bowcock, K. Furnival, F. Simonetto, B. A. Della Riccia, G. D. Alekseev, E. Torassa, Wolfgang Adam, G. Leder, B. Åsman, Itzhak Roditi, C. Gaspar, M. Mc Cubbin, K. Hultqvist, Maria Elena Pol, S. Katsanevas, Juan Fuster, M. T. Trainor, Yu. Belokopytov, D. Crennell, F. Mandl, G. Smadja, R. Contri, M. Karlsson, M. Jonker, S. Schael, S. Ueberschaer, T. A. Filippas, R. Lauhakangas, Ph. Charpentier, C. Kourkoumelis, D. Vilanova, M. Pimenta, B. A. Khomenko, M. Regler, Klaus Hamacher, H. Herr, N. De Groot, A. Stocchi, Francesco Navarria, J. Zúñiga, Jelena Krstic, Ugo Gasparini, B. Franek, R. Ehret, F. Couchot, I. Lippi, P. Siegrist, E.N. Tsyganov, J. H. Wickens, B. Muryn, Marco Paganoni, Jose Luis Contreras, W. De Boer, C. Vander Velde, L. Vitale, M. Donszelmann, D. Radojicic, S. J. Alvsvaag, E. Agasi, L. Mathis, M. Los, V. Lepeltier, P. Lutz, T. Maron, Tim Adye, Francesca Romana Cavallo, J. P. Engel, K. A. J. Forbes, J. Bjarne, G. Ekspon, Mitchell Wayne, M. V. Castillo Gimenez, S. D. Hodgson, R. Gokieli, M. S. Bilenky, Andre Tilquin, L.J. Carroll, M. Turala, Spyros Tzamarias, O. Tchikilev, A. G. Olshevski, Paolo Checchia, G. Vegni, Ph. Gavillet, B. Dalmagne, Laurent Chevalier, L. Chaussard, A. Chan, C. Lambropoulos, Ugo Amaldi, E. Zevgolatakos, P. Antilogus, P. E. S. Nilsen, J. T.M. Chrin, E. Anassontzis, G. Damgaard, P. Borgeaud, U. Kruener-Marquis, V. V. Lapin, M. Michelotto, Tord Ekelof, H. Staeck, Mogens Dam, Giovanni Crosetti, Fabrizio Scuri, W.S.C. Williams, P. Abreu, T. Buran, M. Tyndel, O. Pingot, F. Hahn, Rupert Leitner, Th. D. Papadopoulou, Guenakh Mitselmakher, V. Ruhlmann, V. Gracco, G. Matthiae, S. Rossi, C. De Clercq, F. Cao, Maria Roberta Monge, Dietrich Liko, A. Zalewska, Claire Bourdarios, Paolo Ronchese, W. J. Murray, M. Battaglia, W. Van Doninck, Lucio Cerrito, F. Ledroit, G. Stavropoulos, V. Chorowicz, G. Rinaudo, G. Galeazzi, P. Privitera, B. Loerstad, A. De Angelis, G. 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Johansson, E, Johnson, D, Jonker, M, Jonsson, L, Juillot, P, Kalkanis, G, Kalmus, G, Kapusta, F, Karlsson, M, Karvelas, E, Katsanevas, S, Katsoufis, E, Keranen, R, Kesteman, J, Khomenko, B, Khovanski, N, King, B, Kjaer, N, Klein, H, Klempt, W, Klovning, A, Kluit, P, Koehne, J, Koene, B, Kokkinias, P, Kopf, M, Korcyl, K, Korytov, A, Kostioukhine, V, Kourkoumelis, C, Kouznetsov, O, Kramer, P, Krolikowski, J, Kronkvist, I, Krstic, J, Kruener-Marquis, U, Krupinski, W, Kulka, K, Kurvinen, K, Lacasta, C, Lambropoulos, C, Lamsa, J, Lanceri, L, Lapin, V, Laugier, J, Lauhakangas, R, Leder, G, Ledroit, F, Leitner, R, Lemoigne, Y, Lemonne, J, Lenzen, G, Lepeltier, V, Letessier-Selvon, A, Levy, J, Lieb, E, Liko, D, Lillethun, E, Lindgren, J, Lindner, R, Lipniacka, A, Lippi, I, Loerstad, B, Lokajicek, M, Loken, J, Lopez-Fernandez, A, Lopez Aguera, M, Los, M, Loukas, D, Lozano, J, Lutz, P, Lyons, L, Maehlum, G, Maillard, J, Maltezos, A, Mandl, F, Marco, J, Margoni, M, Marin, J, Markou, A, Maron, T, Marti, S, Mathis, L, Matorras, F, Matteuzzi, C, Matthiae, G, Mazzucato, M, Mc Cubbin, M, Mc Kay, R, Mc Nulty, R, Meola, G, Meroni, C, Meyer, W, Michelotto, M, Mikulec, I, Mitaroff, W, Mitselmakher, G, Mjoernmark, U, Moa, T, Moeller, R, Moenig, K, Monge, M, Morettini, P, Mueller, H, Murray, W, Muryn, B, Myatt, G, Naraghi, F, Navarria, F, Negri, P, Nielsen, B, Nijjhar, B, Nikolaenko, V, Nilsen, P, Niss, P, Obraztsov, V, Olshevski, A, Orava, R, Ostankov, A, Osterberg, K, Ouraou, A, Paganoni, M, Pain, R, Palka, H, Papadopoulou, T, Pape, L, Passeri, A, Pegoraro, M, Pennanen, J, Perevozchikov, V, Pernicka, M, Perrotta, A, Petrolini, A, Pettersen, T, Pierre, F, Pimenta, M, Pingot, O, Pol, M, Polok, G, Poropat, P, Privitera, P, Pullia, A, Radojicic, D, Ragazzi, S, Ratoff, P, Read, A, Redaelli, N, Regler, M, Reid, D, Renton, P, Resvanis, L, Richard, F, Richardson, M, Ridky, J, Rinaudo, G, Roditi, I, Romero, A, Roncagliolo, I, Ronchese, P, Ronnqvist, C, Rosenberg, E, Rossi, S, Rossi, U, Rosso, E, Roudeau, P, Rovelli, T, Ruckstuhl, W, Ruhlmann, V, Ruiz, A, Rybicki, K, Saarikko, H, Sacquin, Y, Sajot, G, Salt, J, Sanchez, J, Sannino, M, Schael, S, Schneider, H, Schyns, M, Sciolla, G, Scuri, F, Segar, A, Sekulin, R, Sessa, M, Sette, G, Seufert, R, Shellard, R, Siccama, I, Siegrist, P, Simonetti, S, Simonetto, F, Sisakian, A, Skaali, T, Skjevling, G, Smadja, G, Smirnov, N, Smith, G, Sosnowski, R, Spassoff, T, Spiriti, E, Squarcia, S, Staeck, H, Stanescu, C, Stapnes, S, Stavropoulos, G, Stichelbaut, F, Stocchi, A, Strauss, J, Straver, J, Strub, R, Szczekowski, M, Szeptycka, M, Szymanski, P, Tabarelli, T, Tavernier, S, Tchikilev, O, Theodosiou, G, Tilquin, A, Timmermans, J, Timofeev, V, Tkatchev, L, Todorov, T, Toet, D, Toker, O, Tomaradze, A, Torassa, E, Tortora, L, Trainor, M, Treille, D, Trevisan, U, Trischuk, W, Tristram, G, Troncon, C, Tsirou, A, Tsyganov, E, Turala, M, Turluer, M, Tuuva, T, Tyapkin, I, Tyndel, M, Tzamarias, S, Ueberschaer, S, Ullaland, O, Uvarov, V, Valenti, G, Vallazza, E, Valls Ferrer, J, Velde, C, Van Apeldoorn, G, Van Dam, P, Van Doninck, W, Varela, J, Vaz, P, Vegni, G, Ventura, L, Venus, W, Verbeure, F, Vertogradov, L, Vilanova, D, Vitale, L, Vlasov, E, Vlassopoulos, S, Vodopyanov, A, Vollmer, M, Volponi, S, Voulgaris, G, Voutilainen, M, Vrba, V, Wahlen, H, Walck, C, Waldner, F, Wayne, M, Wehr, A, Weierstall, M, Weilhammer, P, Werner, J, Wetherell, A, Wickens, J, Wikne, J, Wilkinson, G, Williams, W, Winter, M, Wormald, D, Wormser, G, Woschnagg, K, Yamdagni, N, Yepes, P, Zaitsev, A, Zalewska, A, Zalewski, P, Zavrtanik, D, Zevgolatakos, E, Zhang, G, Zimin, N, Zito, M, Zitoun, R, Zuberi, R, Funchal, R, Zumerle, G, Zuniga, J, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DELPHI, Delphi, Collaboration, Abreu, P., Adam, W., Canale, Vincenzo, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
COLLISIONS, Particle physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, E+E ANNIHILATION, LUND MONTE-CARLO, 34-GEV, Electron–positron annihilation, Hadron, 01 natural sciences, JET FRAGMENTATION, PHYSICS, Nuclear physics, Pion, PION INTERFEROMETRY, MASS-ENERGY, COHERENCE, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010306 general physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Bose–Einstein correlations, Charged particle, Reference sample, Physique des particules élémentaires, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment, Coherence (physics)
Abstract

Bose-Einstein correlation between pairs of like-sign charged particles produced in e+e- annihilations near the Z0 peak have been studied using data taken with the DELPHI detector at LEP. An enhancement is found in the production of pairs of identical pions of similar moments, with respect to a reference sample. Under the hypothesis that the pions are emitted by a spherically symmetrical source with gaussian density, the data indicate a radius of the source of r = 0.62±0.04(stat.)±0.20(syst.) fm. The large systematic uncertainty reflects the sensitivity of r to the choice of the reference sample, 0, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2016
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15. Supplemental Breast Cancer Screening With Molecular Breast Imaging for Women With Dense Breast Tissue

Author

Dawn Merryman, Keith D Wilson, Haris Kudrolli, Robin B Shermis, R. James Brenner, Tamara S Martin, and Malcolm T Doyle

Subjects
Oncology, Adult, Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi, medicine.medical_specialty, Breast imaging, Biopsy, Breast Neoplasms, Cancer detection, Radiation Dosage, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Breast cancer screening, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Medicine, Mammography, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Early Detection of Cancer, Aged, Breast Density, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Breast tissue, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Clinical performance, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Occult, Molecular Imaging, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Radiology, Radiopharmaceuticals, business
Abstract

Molecular breast imaging was implemented in routine clinical practice at a large community-based breast imaging center. The aim of this study was to retrospectively assess the clinical performance of molecular breast imaging as a supplementary screening tool for women with dense breast tissue.Women with dense breasts and negative mammography results who subsequently underwent screening with 300 MBq (8 mCi) (99m)Tc-sestamibi molecular breast imaging were retrospectively analyzed. Outcome measures included cancer detection rate, recall rate, biopsy rate, and positive predictive values (PPVs).Molecular breast imaging screening of 1696 women in this study resulted in the detection of 13 mammographically occult malignancies, of which 11 were invasive, one was node positive, and one had unknown node positivity. The lesion size ranged from 0.6 to 2.4 cm, with a mean of 1.1 cm. The incremental cancer detection rate was 7.7‰ (95% CI, 4.5-13.1‰), the recall rate was 8.4% (95% CI, 7.2-9.8%), and the biopsy rate was 3.7% (95% CI, 2.9%-4.7%). The PPV for recall (PPV 1) was 9.1% (95% CI, 5.4-15.0%), and the PPV for biopsy (PPV 3) was 19.4% (95% CI, 11.4-30.9%).When incorporated into a community-based clinical practice environment, molecular breast imaging yielded a high incremental cancer detection rate of 7.7‰ at an acceptable radiation dose. These results show the utility of molecular breast imaging as a supplementary screening tool to mammography for women with dense breasts.

Published
2016

16. Benefit of Semiannual Ipsilateral Mammographic Surveillance Following Breast Conservation Therapy

Author

Vignesh A. Arasu, Edward A. Sickles, Jessica W.T. Leung, Dan H. Moore, R. James Brenner, Natalya M. Lvoff, Chris I. Flowers, and Bonnie N. Joe

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Biopsy, Breast Neoplasms, Segmental, Medical and Health Sciences, Asymptomatic, Risk Factors, Clinical Research, Internal medicine, Breast Cancer, Humans, Medicine, Mammography, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Stage (cooking), Mastectomy, Original Research, Neoplasm Staging, Retrospective Studies, Cancer, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Population Surveillance, Female, Neoplasm staging, Radiology, medicine.symptom, business, Breast conservation therapy
Abstract

PurposeTo compare cancer recurrence outcomes on the basis of compliant semiannual versus noncompliant annual ipsilateral mammographic surveillance following breast conservation therapy (BCT).Materials and methodsA HIPAA-compliant retrospective review was performed of post-BCT examinations from 1997 through 2008 by using a deidentified database. The Committee on Human Research did not require institutional review board approval for this study, which was considered quality assurance. Groups were classified according to compliance with institutional post-BCT protocol, which recommends semiannual mammographic examinations of the ipsilateral breast for 5 years. A compliant semiannual examination was defined as an examination with an interval of 0-9 months, although no examination had intervals less than 3 months. A noncompliant annual examination was defined as an examination with an interval of 9-18 months. Cancer recurrence outcomes were compared on the basis of the last examination interval leading to diagnosis.ResultsInitially, a total of 10 750 post-BCT examinations among 2329 asymptomatic patients were identified. Excluding initial mammographic follow-up, there were 8234 examinations. Of these, 7169 examinations were semiannual with 94 recurrences detected and 1065 examinations were annual with 15 recurrences detected. There were no differences in demographic risk factors or biopsy rates. Recurrences identified at semiannual intervals were significantly less advanced than those identified at annual intervals (stage I vs stage II, P = .04; stage 0 + stage I vs stage II, P = .03). Nonsignificant findings associated with semiannual versus annual intervals included smaller tumor size (mean, 11.7 vs 15.3 mm; P = .15) and node negativity (98% vs 91%, P = .28).ConclusionResults suggest that a semiannual interval is preferable for ipsilateral mammographic surveillance, allowing detection of a significantly higher proportion of cancer recurrences at an earlier stage than noncompliant annual surveillance.

Published
2012
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17. AKI - Experimental

Author

K. Kaynar, S. Ersoz, R. Aliyazioglu, A. Uzun, S. Ulusoy, S. Al, G. Ozkan, M. Cansiz, J.-P. Bertocchio, J. Lancon, S. El Moghrabi, G. Galmiche, J.-P. Duong Van Huyen, P. Rieu, F. Jaisser, G. Albertoni, S. Andrade, J. A. Barreto, F. Borges, N. Schor, W.-Y. Ho, S.-H. Chen, C.-J. Tseng, A. Bienholz, T. Feldkamp, J. M. Weinberg, J. Suller Garcia, M. Naves, L. Aparecida Reis, M. d. J. Simoes, W. S Almeida, V. Moreau Longo, H. R. C. Segreto, A. Ghoneim, A. Elkholy, T. Medhat Abbas, M. El Hadeedy, F. Elhusseini, B. Elessawey, E. Eltanaihy, A. Lotfy, S. Eldesoky, H. Sheashaa, M. Sobh, D. M. Minning, D. Warnock, A. S. Mohamed, J. B. Wirthlin, S. R. Chintalacharuvu, L. Boone, R. M. Brenner, J. Santina Christo, C. Dos Santos Passos, D. Rene de Alencar, A. C. De Braganca, D. Canale, J. G. Goncalves, T. P. B. Brandao, M. H. M. Shimizu, R. A. Volpini, A. C. Seguro, L. Andrade, J.-W. Lee, H. K. Kim, W. Y. Cho, S.-K. Jo, E. Cho, K. Hocherl, C. Schmidt, S. R. Mulay, O. P. Kulkarni, K. V. Rupanagudi, A. Migliorini, H. Liapis, H.-J. Anders, I. Pevzner, A. Chupyrkina, E. Plotnikov, D. Zorov, J.-M. Lopez-Novoa, N. Eleno, F. Perez-Barriocanal, M. Arevalo, N. Docherty, G. Castellano, C. Divella, A. Loverre, A. Stasi, C. Curci, M. Rossini, P. Ditonno, M. Battaglia, M. R. Daha, C. Van Kooten, L. Gesualdo, F. P. Schena, G. Grandaliano, H. Tsuda, N. Kawada, H. Iwatani, T. Moriyama, S. Takahara, H. Rakugi, Y. Isaka, G. Schley, J. Kalucka, B. Klanke, J. Jantsch, S. Olbrich, J. Baumgartl, K. Amann, K.-U. Eckardt, A. Weidemann, A. Dolgolikova, V. Pilotovich, G. Ivanchik, I. Shved, N. F. Banki, Z. Antal, A. Hosszu, S. Koszegi, A. Vannay, L. Wagner, A. Prokai, V. Muller, A. J. Szabo, A. Fekete, S. Farrag, S. Abulasrar, M. Salama, M. Amin, A. Ali, I. Rubera, C. Duranton, M. Cougnon, N. Melis, M. Tauc, S. Jankauskas, M. Morosanova, N. Pulkina, L. Zorova, Y. T. Shin, S. S. Kim, Y. K. Chang, D. E. Choi, K.-R. Na, K. W. Lee, J.-Y. Choi, D.-C. Jin, J.-H. Cha, R. Schneider, B. Betz, M. Meusel, C. Held, C. Wanner, M. Gekle, C. Sauvant, A. Pisani, R. Rossano, A. Mancini, N. Arfian, K. Yagi, K. Nakayama, H. Ali, D. S. Mayasari, E. Purnomo, N. Emoto, S. Efrati, S. Berman, R. Abu Hamad, J. Weissgarten, C. R. Scherbaum, R. Allam, J. Lichtnekert, M. N. Darisipudi, H. Hagele, B. Hohenstein, C. Hugo, L. Schaefer, C. Corsi, E. Ferramosca, E. Grandi, L. Pisoni, I. Rivolta, B. Dalpozzo, E. Hoxha, S. Severi, A. Santoro, M. Laurent, R. Cedric, C. Dominique, V. Sophie, D. Nochy, G. Loic, C. Patrice, J. Chantal, V. Marie-Christine, H. Alexandre, R. Eric, V. Cantaluppi, D. Medica, A. D. Quercia, F. Figliolini, S. Dellepiane, O. Randone, G. P. Segoloni, G. Camussi, B.-H. Ahn, S. H. Kim, M. Yasue Saito Miyagi, N. Camara, M. Cerqueira Leite Seelaender, L. Maceratesi Enjiu, P. Estler Rocha Guilherme, M. Pisciottano, M. Hiyane, C. Yuri Hayashida, V. De Andrade Oliveira, N. Olsen Saraiva Camara, M. Tami Amano, S. M. Sancho-Martinez, F. Sanchez-Juanes, L. Vicente, J. M. Gonzalez-Buitrago, A. I. Morales, J. M. Lopez-Novoa, F. J. Lopez-Hernandez, J.-S. Chen, L.-C. Chang, C.-C. Chen, M. Y. Park, S. J. Choi, J. G. Kim, S. D. Hwang, L. Vicente-Vicente, L. Ferreira, M. Prieto, O. Garcia-Sanchez, M. A. Sevilla, F. J. Lopez-Novoa, K. Christoph, C. Kuper, F. Maria-Luisa, B. Franz-Xaver, W. Neuhofer, B. Vervaet, N. Le Clef, A. Verhulst, P. D'haese, T. Tanaka, J. Yamaguchi, N. Eto, I. Kojima, T. Fujita, M. Nangaku, A. Wystrychowski, G. Wystrychowski, E. Obuchowicz, W. Grzeszczak, A. Wiecek, C. Esposito, M. Torreggiani, F. Castoldi, C. Migotto, N. Serpieri, F. Grosjean, A. Manini, E. Pertile, and A. Dal Canton

Subjects
Transplantation, Nephrology
Published
2012
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18. Timeliness of Follow-up after Abnormal Screening Mammogram: Variability of Facilities

Author

Berta M. Geller, Rebecca Smith-Bindman, R. James Brenner, Diana S. M. Buist, Stephen H. Taplin, Diana L. Miglioretti, Sebastien Haneuse, and Robert D. Rosenberg

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Screening mammogram, MEDLINE, Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium, Breast Neoplasms, Biopsy, medicine, Humans, Mass Screening, Mammography, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Registries, Patient compliance, Mass screening, Aged, Original Research, Aged, 80 and over, medicine.diagnostic_test, Extramural, business.industry, General surgery, Middle Aged, United States, Surgery, Patient Compliance, Female, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

To describe the timeliness of follow-up care in community-based settings among women who receive a recommendation for immediate follow-up during the screening mammography process and how follow-up timeliness varies according to facility and facility-level characteristics.This was an institutional review board-approved and HIPAA-compliant study. Screening mammograms obtained from 1996 to 2007 in women 40-80 years old in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium were examined. Inclusion criteria were a recommendation for immediate follow-up at screening, or subsequent imaging, and observed follow-up within 180 days of the recommendation. Recommendations for additional imaging (AI) and biopsy or surgical consultation (BSC) were analyzed separately. The distribution of time to follow-up care was estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier estimator.Data were available on 214,897 AI recommendations from 118 facilities and 35,622 BSC recommendations from 101 facilities. The median time to subsequent follow-up care after recommendation was 14 days for AI and 16 days for BSC. Approximately 90% of AI follow-up and 81% of BSC follow-up occurred within 30 days. Facilities with higher recall rates tended to have longer AI follow-up times (P.001). Over the study period, BSC follow-up rates at 15 and 30 days improved (P.001). Follow-up times varied substantially across facilities. Timely follow-up was associated with larger volumes of the recommended procedures but not notably associated with facility type nor observed facility-level characteristics.Most patients with follow-up returned within 3 weeks of the recommendation.

Published
2011
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19. Malignant Seeding Following Percutaneous Breast Biopsy: Documentation With Comprehensive Imaging and Clinical Implications

Author

Linda M. Gordon and R. James Brenner

Subjects
Breast biopsy, medicine.medical_specialty, Percutaneous, Index Lesion, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Malignancy, medicine.disease, Malignant Growth, Surgery, Oncology, Biopsy, Internal Medicine, medicine, Tumor growth, Radiology, business
Abstract

The aim of this study was to demonstrate convincing evidence that percutaneous breast biopsy may result in displacement of malignant cells that can initiate tumor growth at a separate anatomic site, other than the index lesion. Two patients with malignancy diagnosed by percutaneous breast biopsy were followed up with subsequent imaging. The observation of displaced cells initiating subsequent malignant growth was compared retrospectively with the previous year’s outcomes following percutaneous breast biopsy. Two cases of displaced malignant cells resulting in malignant growth at a separate site along the biopsy needle track were demonstrated by imaging. During the preceding year, 1644 biopsies with 298 malignant results were compared with the outcomes of these two patients, resulting in a 0.7% incidence of malignant seeding. No identifiable factors could be identified to predict under what conditions this iatrogenic complication occurs. Although uncommon, percutaneous breast biopsy can result in malignant seeding, and raises issues regarding informed consent and proper subsequent treatment.

Published
2011
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21. Short-term Follow-up Recommendations after Preoperative Breast MR Assessment for Breast Cancer Diagnosis: Are We Lacking a Rational Basis?

Author

R. James Brenner

Subjects
Incidental Findings, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, business.industry, Biopsy, Breast Neoplasms, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mr imaging, Term (time), Breast cancer, Preoperative Care, medicine, Humans, Female, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Ultrasonography, Mammary, Radiology, business
Abstract

Unless clinical studies demonstrate previously unrecognized changes on serial MR imaging studies under such circumstances which likely are not based on the mechanisms of actions described earlier, the recommendation for short-term follow-up MR imaging after preoperative assessment should be reconsidered.

Published
2010
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22. On the More Insidious Manifestations of Bias in Scientific Reporting

Author

R. James Brenner

Subjects
Focus (computing), Biomedical Research, business.industry, Publications, Scientific literature, Public relations, Bias, Health care, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, business, Psychology, Scientific reporting, Bias (Epidemiology)
Abstract

Although bias in scientific reporting has been the focus of prior commentary, more insidious aspects of such bias often escape attention by authors, reviewers, editorial boards, and commentators. Such bias is no longer simply academic because health care policy, which is increasingly predicated upon evidence-based scientific literature, may be adversely impacted by lack of balanced and objective publications in peer reviewed journals.

Published
2010
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23. Solitary Dilated Duct Identified at Mammography: Outcomes Analysis

Author

Bonnie N. Joe, Jessica W.T. Leung, R. James Brenner, Hilda H. Tso, C. Belinda Chang, Edward A. Sickles, and Natalya M. Lvoff

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Biopsy, Radiography, Breast Neoplasms, BI-RADS, Breast cancer, medicine, Carcinoma, Humans, Mammography, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Registries, Mammary Glands, Human, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Histopathology, Ultrasonography, Mammary, Radiology, business, Diagnostic Mammography, Duct (anatomy), Dilatation, Pathologic
Abstract

The purpose of this study is to review the clinical and pathologic outcomes for cases of solitary dilated duct identified at mammography.For all screening mammography examinations during a 22-year period and all diagnostic mammography examinations during the last 10 of these years, the radiologists recorded the principal finding of each abnormal mammographic examination during image interpretation. Only examinations with the recorded finding of solitary dilated duct were studied. We examined radiology records to determine imaging follow-up and pathology records to determine histologic diagnosis, and we performed linkage with our regional tumor registry to identify cancers not biopsied at our institution.The finding of solitary dilated duct was recorded for nine (0.0038%) of 235,209 consecutive screenings and for 12 (0.041%) of 29,267 consecutive diagnostic mammography examinations. Five screening and five diagnostic cases were stable at follow-up (minimum interval, 2 years) and did not undergo biopsy; tumor registry linkage showed no subsequent cancer diagnosis. Biopsy was performed for four (44%) of nine screening and seven (58%) of 12 diagnostic cases. One cancer each (ductal carcinoma in situ) was identified from the screening and diagnostic populations, yielding positive predictive values of 11% (1/9) and 8% (1/12), respectively.Solitary dilated duct is a rare mammographic finding, this series being the largest reported to date. Although few cases are studied, solitary dilated duct appears to have a greater than 2% likelihood of malignancy, sufficiently high to suggest that a suspicious (BI-RADS 4a) assessment may be appropriate.

Published
2010
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24. Radiologists' Performance and Their Enjoyment of Interpreting Screening Mammograms

Author

Patricia A. Carney, Diana L. Miglioretti, Berta M. Geller, Joann G. Elmore, Hee Yon Sohng, Erin J. Aiello Bowles, and R. James Brenner

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Breast imaging, education, Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium, Breast Neoplasms, Survey result, Cancer detection, Sensitivity and Specificity, Article, Job Satisfaction, Breast cancer screening, Breast cancer, Physicians, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Mammography, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Medical physics, Registries, Practice Patterns, Physicians', skin and connective tissue diseases, Aged, Chi-Square Distribution, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Screening mammography, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, United States, Logistic Models, Population Surveillance, Female, Clinical Competence, Radiology, business
Abstract

One might speculate that radiologists who enjoy mammography may exhibit better performance than radiologists who do not.One hundred thirty-one radiologists at three Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) registries completed a survey about their characteristics, clinical practices, and attitudes related to screening mammography. Survey results were linked with BCSC performance data for 662,084 screening and 33,977 diagnostic mammograms. Using logistic regression, we modeled the odds of an abnormal interpretation, cancer detection, sensitivity, and specificity among radiologists who reported they enjoy interpreting screening mammograms compared with those who do not.Overall, 44.3% of radiologists reported not enjoying interpreting screening mammograms. Radiologists who reported enjoying interpreting screening mammograms were more likely to be women, spend at least 20% of their time in breast imaging, have a primary academic affiliation, read more than 2,000 mammograms per year, and be salaried. Enjoyment was not associated with screening mammography performance. Among diagnostic mammograms, there was a significant increase in sensitivity among radiologists who reported enjoyment (85.2%) compared with those who did not (78.2%). In models adjusting for radiologist characteristics, similar trends were found; however, no statistically significant associations remained.Almost one half of radiologists actively interpreting mammograms do not enjoy that part of their job. Once we adjusted for radiologist and patient characteristics, we found that reported enjoyment was not related to performance in our study, although suggestive trends were noted.

Published
2009
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25. Improving Quality Outcomes in a Single-Payer System: Lessons Learned From the UK National Health Service Breast Screening Programme

Author

Gill Lawrence, R. James Brenner, and Matthew G. Wallis

Subjects
Government, Quality management, National Health Programs, Quality Assurance, Health Care, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Breast Neoplasms, Fee-for-Service Plans, Pay for performance, National health service, United Kingdom, Resource (project management), Nursing, Humans, Mass Screening, Breast screening, Medicine, Female, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Quality (business), Single-Payer System, Function (engineering), business, media_common
Abstract

The success of pay-for-performance initiatives in the United States as a function of improved quality of care is likely to be conditioned on the participation of all stakeholders. The ability of providers to develop quality improvement programs that receive sufficient resource support from the government represents a dynamic that has proved successful for the Breast Screening Programme, a part of the National Health Service, in the United Kingdom. A review of selected aspects of the program should serve as a template for consideration of how the deliberate coordination of clinical care can be improved under such circumstances.

Published
2008
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26. Computer-Assisted Detection in Clinical Practice: Medical Legal Considerations

Author

R. James Brenner

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Digital mammography, media_common.quotation_subject, Standard of Good Practice, Breast Neoplasms, Scientific evidence, Jury, medicine, Humans, Mass Screening, Mammography, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Medical physics, Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted, False Negative Reactions, media_common, Pace, medicine.diagnostic_test, Judicial Role, business.industry, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Supreme court, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Federal Rules of Evidence, business
Abstract

The integration of new technology into medical practice reflectsaprocessthatinvolvessafety,efficacy,andadded value. The extent to which any given device or procedure impacts standards of practice is often difficult to predict. Clinical trial validation, outcomes analyses, and regular use by a large percentage of practitioners often serve as a benchmark for accepted practice patterns, conditioned by alternative approaches which have also satisfied similar criteria. In the field of breast imaging, many new approaches are being proposed that not only modify previous concepts and clinical practice, but also purport to change the basic paradigms that have been historically accepted. Each presents its own practical dilemmas. For example, screening for breast cancer in high-risk patients as an application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been raised, given the modality’s generally observed increased sensitivity compared with mammography. However, because risk stratification as well as MRI techniques vary, widespread agreement regarding the specific implementation of this approach as a “standard” pattern of care has not been reached. Similarly, the potential improvement in outcomes of full-field digital mammography (FFDM) for those with dense breasts raises issues in clinical practice concerning the triaging of patients to one type of mammography versus another, especially in an environment where both analog and FFDM capabilities exist within a single facility and where analog machines predominate in most communities. As deliberate, and sometimes slow, as the transformation of “standard forms of practice” may be, the legal implications concerning the determination of “standard of care” may lag behind even this pace. Guidelines established by courts and rules of evidence permit some latitude in reckoning whether agivenapproachcomportswithreasonablepractice.Thetwo areas just described—MRI and FFDM—represent new technologies that may be subject in the future to such determinations. One new technology—computer-assisted detection (CAD)—also represents a potential shift in a clinical practice paradigm. In contrast to the other techniques, the introduction of CAD as a potentially reliable standard of practice has invited legal commentary as of the present time. Therefore, this technology serves to illustrate the issues germane to the determination of standard of care not only for CAD, but also for other applications. The current discussion will therefore focus on the introduction of CAD into clinical practice and the legal considerations attendant to such proposed use, with an analysis that may be used for any new technology. In 2003, an Ohio appellate court agreed to review a case involving the allegation of delay in diagnosis of breast cancer, where the results of a CAD device was introduced during the trialtosupportadefendantexpert’sopinionthatthefailureto identifyagroupoffaintmicrocalcificationswasnotbelowthe standard of care. In permitting, as a matter of law, the introduction of a CAD analysis of the films in question in Gray v Fairview General Hospital, 1 the court—under the circumstances of the case—indicated that a sufficient degree of scientific reliability existed to permit a jury to consider the information from the CAD test. Parameters for determining admission of scientific evidence have been established by both the Federal Rules of Evidence and the United States Supreme Court. 2,3

Published
2007
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27. Alternative Breast-Imaging Approaches

Author

Yuri Parisky and R. James Brenner

Subjects
Diagnostic Imaging, medicine.medical_specialty, Breast imaging, Breast Neoplasms, Breast cancer, Electric Impedance, medicine, Humans, Mammography, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Medical physics, Fluorodeoxyglucose, medicine.diagnostic_test, Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy, business.industry, Organotechnetium Compounds, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Mr imaging, Thermography, Positron emission tomography, Positron-Emission Tomography, Female, Ultrasonography, Mammary, Radiopharmaceuticals, Molecular imaging, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Although conventional breast-imaging techniques routinely include mammography and ultrasound, growing interest in other approaches, perhaps most notably MR imaging, has drawn increasing attention to exploiting the anatomic and physiologic basis for understanding breast cancer. Nuclear medicine techniques have been applied in several circumstances with the intent of approaching or defining a role for molecular imaging, exemplified by the use of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography. Other techniques, including exploitation of additional components of the electromagnetic spectrum, have provided novel concepts that may ripen into clinical use.

Published
2007
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28. American College of Radiology/Society of Breast Imaging Curriculum for Resident and Fellow Education in Breast Imaging

Author

Carol H. Lee, Richard A. Carlson, Dione M. Farria, Brett T. Parkinson, Phil Evans, Debra L. Monticciolo, Debra M. Ikeda, R. James Brenner, Edward A. Sickles, Liane E. Philpotts, Maynard High, Barbara Monsees, Jeffrey D. Allen, Natalya M. Lvoff, D. David Dershaw, Elizabeth S. Burnside, and Lawrence W. Bassett

Subjects
Breast imaging, education, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Need to know, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, medicine, Humans, Mammography, Breast MRI, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Fellowships and Scholarships, skin and connective tissue diseases, Fellowship training, Breast ultrasound, Curriculum, Medical education, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Teaching, Internship and Residency, Residency program, United States, ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Radiology, business
Abstract

The ACR and the Society of Breast Imaging have revised the curriculum for resident and fellow education in breast imaging on the basis of substantial changes in breast imaging practice since the initial curriculum was published in 2000. This curriculum provides guidance to academic chairs, residency program directors, and academic section chiefs in assessing and improving their residency and fellowship training programs and indicates to residents and breast imaging fellows the topics they need to learn and the experience they should try to acquire during their training. Radiologists already in practice also may find the curriculum useful in outlining the material they need to know to remain up to date in the practice of breast imaging.

Published
2006
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29. Full Field Digital Mammography: Initial Medical Legal Concerns

Author

R. James Brenner

Subjects
Clinical Practice, medicine.medical_specialty, Digital mammography, Oncology, Uniform - quality, business.industry, Legal liability, Medicine, Medical malpractice, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Medical physics, business, Full field digital mammography
Abstract

The introduction of full-field digital mammography into clinical practice invites changing concepts of potential medical legal liability in a field already suffering from high medical malpractice exposure. These include the lack of uniform quality control measures and the ability to perform extensive postprocessing manipulations, with unknown legal consequences.

Published
2006
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30. Computed Radiography for Mammography: Operational Perspectives

Author

R. James Brenner

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Digital mammography, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Radiography, Projectional radiography, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Oncology, medicine, Mammography, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Medical physics, Computed radiography, business
Abstract

Computed radiography represents an approach to full-field digital mammography in which, unlike direct radiography (DR), a latent image is physically transferred to an image reader for processing and interpretation. The approach is applicable to existing mammographic and other radiographic units. Costs and operation applications are more variable than DR.

Published
2006
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31. To Err Is Human, to Correct Divine: The Emergence of Technology-Based Communication Systems

Author

R. James Brenner

Subjects
Receipt, Internet, Quality management, Information Dissemination, Computer science, business.industry, Management science, Communication, Liability, Information Storage and Retrieval, Health informatics, United States, Risk analysis (engineering), Redundancy (engineering), Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, The Internet, Hospital Communication Systems, business, Medical Informatics, Risk management, Biotechnology, Forecasting
Abstract

An increasing emphasis has been placed on the importance of timely communication of imaging results, especially to the extent that clinical management decisions are modified by the information. Various methods of transmitting results have been proposed and developing technology can now be applied to helping to ensure the timely receipt of such results in a busy clinical environment. Stratifying levels of urgency, ensuring redundancy of potential recipients of such information, and the ability to assess desired benchmarks are objectives that involve many stakeholders, including radiologists, treating physicians, and institutions. An enterprise approach to this challenge, including commercially available systems, offers a potentially cost-effective solution that addresses both risk management and quality improvement goals.

Published
2006
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32. Medical-Legal Issues Associated with Breast Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy

Author

R. James Brenner

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, Biopsy, Fine-Needle, Clinical Biochemistry, Breast Neoplasms, Medical Oncology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Biopsy, medicine, Humans, Medical physics, Review process, Breast, Overdiagnosis, Duty, health care economics and organizations, media_common, Pathology, Clinical, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Medical setting, Malpractice, Biochemistry (medical), Surgery, Clinical Practice, Harm, Fine-needle aspiration, Female, business
Abstract

This article discusses medical and legal issues associated with breast fine needle aspiration biopsy and develops risk-management considerations for clinical practice. Basic legal considerations are first discussed, including the law of negligence as it applies to breast fine needle aspiration. The variable concept of duty to patients is reviewed. Communication of diagnosis, both formally and informally, in the medical setting is covered. The claims review process is then discussed. The meaning of misdiagnosis, including overdiagnosis and delay of diagnosis, is discussed in terms of legal harm and expert review.

Published
2005
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33. Mammography with breast cushions

Author

James Sayre, Edward A. Sickles, Jill Israel, Suzanne L. Dibble, R. James Brenner, and Brenda Nussey

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), Visual analogue scale, Pain, California, law.invention, Patient satisfaction, Randomized controlled trial, law, Surveys and Questionnaires, Volunteer Sample, Maternity and Midwifery, Pressure, medicine, Numeric Rating Scale, Humans, Mammography, Single-Blind Method, Aged, Pain Measurement, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mean age, Equipment Design, Research needs, Middle Aged, Surgery, Patient Satisfaction, Physical therapy, Women's Health, Female, business
Abstract

We conducted a randomized clinical trial to determine the impact on pain and image quality when breast cushions were used to pad the surfaces of the mammography equipment during film-screen mammography.We recruited a consecutive volunteer sample of 394 participants. Breast cushions were used for only one breast, with laterality and sequence of use assigned randomly. Data collected from participants included demographic data, rating of pain from previous mammography, and rating of pain from present mammography using both a numeric rating scale and a visual analogue scale. Research assistants also collected breast compression and radiation exposure data. Radiologists were blinded to the laterality of cushion assignment while reading the mammograms and assessing image quality.Participants were primarily white women (75.3%), mean age 55.4 years. Most (94.4%) reported having previous mammography. Eight percent (n = 32) of those surveyed had thought about skipping or delaying mammography because of the pain involved. The pain associated with mammography was significantly (p.001) less during oblique and craniocaudal views when breast cushions were used during the procedure. Retakes were required for 2% of the 1576 views with the most common reason being positioning (53%).The use of breast cushions significantly reduced the pain during film-screen mammography. Image quality with the cushions was reduced in a very small subset of women probably due to the difficulty in positioning the breast without visual clues. More research needs to be done prior to the routine use of these cushions in clinical practice.

Published
2005
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34. The malpractice liability crisis, part 2: moving toward workable solutions

Author

R. James Brenner and John J. Smith

Subjects
Risk Management, Actuarial science, business.industry, Malpractice, Liability, Medical malpractice, Liability, Legal, Liability insurance, Tort, Insurance, Liability, United States, Health Care Reform, Tort reform, Practice Management, Medical, Humans, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Health care reform, business, Needs Assessment, Risk management
Abstract

As described in the previous article in this series, the United States is in the midst of a medical liability insurance crisis. Research conducted in the wake of similar previous insurance environments has shown that only a fraction of patient injury as a result of negligent medical care is addressed by today's tort malpractice system. This large reservoir of potential malpractice cases, coupled with the inevitable cycles of the economy and insurance markets, means that current action is mandatory to prevent another, even more serious crisis in the future. A variety of potential solutions have been proposed, including reform of the existing tort malpractice system, a no-fault compensation system, and so-called hybrid systems that combine tort and no-fault. These mechanisms should be evaluated in terms of three key factors: (1) the adequacy of compensation to injured patients, (2) the prevention of future medical injury, and (3) their overall cost and administrative feasibility. Whatever reform mechanism or combination of mechanisms is pursued should represent an improvement on today's existing tort malpractice system.

Published
2004
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35. The Pitfalls of Rendering an Expert Opinion in Breast Malpractice Cases by Reviewing a CD-ROM

Author

R. James Brenner

Subjects
Diagnostic Imaging, medicine.medical_specialty, MEDLINE, Breast Neoplasms, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Rendering (computer graphics), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Malpractice, Medical imaging, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Medical physics, Diagnostic Errors, Expert Testimony, Actuarial science, business.industry, United States, CD-ROM, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Expert opinion, Radiology, business
Published
2016
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36. Potential source rocks for the crude oils in the Ikizce and Tokaris oil fields, SE Turkey

Author

A. U. Dogan, I. Bahtiyar, A. Sari, and R. L. Brenner

Subjects
Geochemistry, Geology, Cretaceous, chemistry.chemical_compound, Fuel Technology, Biomarker (petroleum), Stratigraphy, chemistry, Source rock, Geochemistry and Petrology, Magmatism, Facies, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Carbonate, Economic Geology, Petrology, Igneous petrology
Abstract

The source rock and reservoir characteristics of the Upper Cretaceous‘ A’ Member of the Karababa Formation (Santonian–Coniacian) and the Karabogaz Formation (Campanian) and their relationships to the crude oils produced from the Ikizce and the Tokaris oil fields, were studied using a variety of organic geochemical methods. The Karabogaz Formation is composed of limestone and chert, while the Karababa-A Member consists of clayey limestones. Both formations constitute important source rocks in the Adiyaman Basin. The crude oils examined in this study were produced from reservoir rocks of the same age in two adjacent oil fields. Biomarker characteristics in source rock samples from the Ikizce-A and Tokaris-A wells show that the Karababa-A Member and the Karabogaz Formation were deposited in reducing environments and are characteristic of carbonate facies. Correlations between the source rocks and the crude oils, based on qualitative and quantitative biomarker distributions, indicate that the oils from the Ikizce and Tokaris fields are mixed oils that were derived from both the Karababa-A Member and the Karabogaz Formation source rocks.

Published
2003
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37. Percutaneous Core Needle Biopsy of Radial Scars of the Breast: When Is Excision Necessary?

Author

Roger J. Jackman, Paul Sylvan, Mary C. Lechner, W. Phill Evans, Steve H. Parker, Rebecca Hunt, Liane E. Philpotts, Beth M. Deutch, Daniel Lehrer, Nancy Forcier, Steven J. Adler, and R. James Brenner

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Percutaneous, Radial scar, Scars, Breast Neoplasms, Atypical hyperplasia, Lesion, Breast Diseases, Cicatrix, Biopsy, medicine, Atypia, Carcinoma, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Chi-Square Distribution, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Biopsy, Needle, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Female, Radiology, medicine.symptom, business, Mammography
Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the outcome of cases of radial scar diagnosed by percutaneous core needle biopsy.Of 198 nonpalpable lesions diagnosed with radial scars found at core needle biopsy, 157 lesions constituting the study group had undergone surgical excision (n = 102) or mammographic surveillance after biopsy for at least 24 months (median, 38 months; n = 55). Mammographic lesion type, lesion size, biopsy guidance method, biopsy device, number of specimens per lesion, and presence of atypical hyperplasia at percutaneous biopsy were retrospectively analyzed. Results were compared with histologic findings at surgery or mammographic findings during surveillance.. Carcinoma was found at excision in 28% (8/29) of lesions with associated atypical hyperplasia at percutaneous biopsy and 4% (5/128) of lesions without associated atypia (p0.0001). In the latter group, carcinoma was found at excision in 3% (2/60) of masses, 8% (3/40) of architectural distortions, and 0% (0/28) of microcalcification lesions. Malignancy was missed in 9% (5/58) of lesions biopsied with a spring-loaded device and in 0% (0/70) of lesions biopsied with a directional vacuum-assisted device (p = 0.01); and in 8% (5/60) of lesions sampled with less than 12 specimens per lesion and 0% (0/68) sampled with 12 or more specimens (p = 0.015). Lesion type, maximal lesion diameter, and type of imaging guidance (stereotactic or sonographic) were not significant factors in determining the presence of malignancy.. Diagnosis of radial scar based on core needle biopsy is likely to be reliable when there is no associated atypical hyperplasia at percutaneous biopsy, when the biopsy includes at least 12 specimens, and when mammographic findings are reconciled with histologic findings. When the lesion diagnosed by core needle biopsy as radial scar does not meet these criteria, excisional biopsy is indicated.

Published
2002
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38. Progesterone receptor Localization and Isoforms in Myometrium, Decidua, and Fetal Membranes From Rhesus Macaques: Evidence for Function Progresterone Withdrawal at Parturtion

Author

George J. Haluska, Jonathan J. Hirst, Drew W. Sadowsky, T. R. Wells, R. M. Brenner, and Miles J. Novy

Subjects
Fetus, medicine.medical_specialty, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Amnion, urogenital system, Decidua, Myometrium, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Fetal membrane, Internal medicine, embryonic structures, Progesterone receptor, medicine, Immunohistochemistry, Receptor, reproductive and urinary physiology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

It is not known whether withdrawal of progesterone (P) action is a prerequisite for parturition in women or in nonhuman primates because concentrations of circulating progesterone or progesterone receptors (PR) in myometrium and decidua do not decrease before delivery. To examine this potentially important regulatory mechanism, we determined PR isoforms, PR localization, and mRNA in myometrium, decidua, and fetal membranes from rhesus monkeys during pregnancy and in spontaneous labor at term. Gestational tissues were obtained midpregnancy (day 80–100), late pregnancy (day 130–145), and during spontaneous labor at term (day 161–167). Samples of rhesus monkey myometrium, decidua, chorion-decidua, and amnion were collected and analyzed for total nuclear and cytosolic PR by competitive binding assay. Progesterone receptor isoforms were identified and quantified by Western blot analysis, and PR mRNA was determined by a specific ribonuclease protection assay. Nuclear PR was localized by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal anti-PR (JZB39) after microwave stabilization. Myometrium and decidua showed no change in total PR during pregnancy and labor. Nuclear PR was not detected in fetal membranes by binding assay but was localized in amnion epithelial and mesenchymal cells and in chorion laeve cytotrophoblasts by immunohistochemistry. Staining for PR was substantially less by serial antibody dilution in fetal membranes than in decidua. Message for PR was confirmed in all tissues analyzed. A significant (P < .05) shift in the ratio of PR isoforms (from PR-B dominance at midpregnancy to PR-A dominance in labor) was observed in myometrium but not in decidua. Both PR-A and PR-B isoforms and PR nuclear staining were nearly undetectable in amnion obtained during labor. A shift to PR-A dominance in myometrium at term together with a loss of PR in fetal membranes provides evidence for a functional progesterone withdrawal mechanism, which may facilitate the initiation of parturition in primates.

Published
2002
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39. Stereotactic Core-Needle Breast Biopsy: A Multi-institutional Prospective Trial

Author

Valerie P. Jackson, L W Bassett, R. J. Brenner, R E Bird, Irena Tocino, P R Fisher, Rebecca K. Hunt, D. David Dershaw, Carol H. Lee, James Sayre, Ellen B. Mendelson, Frederick R. Margolin, M. McCombs, Stephen A. Feig, W. P. Evans, and Laurie L. Fajardo

Subjects
Breast biopsy, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, Breast imaging, business.industry, Concordance, Biopsy, Needle, Breast Neoplasms, Context (language use), Sensitivity and Specificity, Surgery, Stereotaxic Techniques, Stereotaxic technique, Biopsy, medicine, Humans, Mammography, Female, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Prospective Studies, Radiology, Prospective cohort study, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

To assess the accuracy of stereotactic core-needle biopsy (CNB) of nonpalpable breast lesions within the context of clinically important parameters of anticipated tissue-sampling error and concordance with mammographic findings.CNB was performed in 1,003 patients, with results validated at surgery or clinical and mammographic follow-up. Mammographic findings were scored according to the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System with a similar correlative scale for histopathologic samples obtained at either CNB or surgery. Agreement of CNB findings with surgical findings or evidence of no change during clinical and mammographic follow-up (median, 24 months) for benign lesions was used to determine results. Three forms of diagnostic discrimination measures (strict, working [strict conditioned by tissue sampling error], applied [working conditioned by concordance of imaging and CNB findings) were used to evaluate the correlation of CNB, surgical, and follow-up results.Strict, working, and applied sensitivities were 91% +/- 1.9; 92% +/- 1.8, and 98% +/- 0.9, respectively; strict, working, and applied specificities were 100%, 98% +/- 0.8, and 73% +/- 0.9; strict, working, and applied accuracies were 97%, 96%, and 79%.Percutaneous stereotactic CNB is an accurate method to establish a histopathologic diagnosis of nonpalpable breast lesions. Accuracy increases when additional surgery is performed for lesions with anticipated sampling error or when CNB findings are discordant with mammographic findings. An understanding of the interrelationship among these parameters is necessary to properly assess results.

Published
2001
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40. Interventional Radiology and the Law: Breast Procedures

Author

Steven D. Frankel and R. James Brenner

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Procedure / Intervention, Interventional radiology, Breast procedures, Neglect, Surgery, Informed consent, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Medical physics, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Exposition (narrative), media_common
Published
2001
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41. Origin of Metallic Particles Resembling Microcalcifications on Mammograms after Use of Abrasive Cautery-Tip Cleaning Pads during Breast Surgery: Experimental Demonstration

Author

Armando E. Giuliano, R. James Brenner, and Philip I. Haigh

Subjects
Surface Properties, Radiography, Breast surgery, medicine.medical_treatment, Detergents, Breast Neoplasms, Mastectomy, Segmental, Diagnosis, Differential, Breast Diseases, Aluminum Oxide, Electrocoagulation, medicine, Animals, Humans, Mammography, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Breast, skin and connective tissue diseases, Breast tissue, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast, Abrasive, Calcinosis, Anatomy, Foreign Bodies, Liver, Metals, Cauterization, Cattle, Female, Microcalcification, medicine.symptom, business, Specimen radiography, Nuclear medicine
Abstract

To determine if the act of cleaning a cautery tip with an abrasive pad dislodges radiopaque particles that can be transferred to breast tissue during surgery, thereby mimicking microcalcifications at mammography.Mock breast surgery was performed by cauterizing bovine liver or fresh, normal, human breast tissue. The cautery tip was rubbed against a cleaning pad five to 20 times in the manner used intraoperatively and was touched on separate breast tissue specimens two to six times. Specimen radiography was then performed. Thirty-six breast specimens were used in three experiments, including 28 used for the experimental conditions and eight control specimens.Particles collected from the cleaning pads resembled microcalcifications. After cauterization of liver, breast tissue, or both, in series, particles transferred from the cautery tip to breast tissue specimens could be identified on specimen radiographs. Transfer of particles after cautery of breast tissue occurred with increased numbers of rubs and specimen contacts.Radiopaque aluminum oxide particles from abrasive cautery-tip cleaning pads can be dislodged and transferred to breast tissue during surgery. Scrutiny of high-detail, spot-compression, magnification mammograms will help identify these particles. Simple measures to mitigate particle transfer during breast surgery can prevent this problem and obviate a potential second procedure to remove particles mistaken for microcalcifications.

Published
2000
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42. FALSE-NEGATIVE MAMMOGRAMS

Author

R. James Brenner

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Psychological intervention, MEDLINE, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Breast cancer, Intervention (counseling), medicine, Mammography, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Radiology, business, Intensive care medicine, Survival rate, Risk management
Abstract

From a strictly biologic perspective, delay in diagnosis of breast cancer is axiomatic. The number of cell divisions that must occur before detection is possible by either clinical or mammographic methods means that a finite time has occurred in which the outcome for any given case may have already been determined. That early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer lead to improved survival may be intuitive, but clinical trials have been necessary to validate the concept. Delay in diagnosis is unavoidable but the period of delay may be lessened in many cases, prompting earlier intervention and impacting outcomes. Mammography is an important vehicle for such earlier intervention and the issue of the false-negative mammogram is of concern to the radiology community, the lay community, and the courts. Mammographic interpretation has not yet approached a sufficiently standardized benchmark. Detection and diagnosis are dependent on a series of factors that need to be integrated to achieve the dual goals of timely intervention for bonafide purposes and reduction of unnecessary procedures and interventions. Some of the reasons for delay in diagnosis are unavoidable, beginning with the absence of clinical or imaging features of malignancy and extending to limitations of sufficiently specific features to prompt intervention. On the other hand, other reasons are avoidable and attention to many of these causes should lessen the incidence of such delay. Regardless of the reason, those women who feel that their breast cancer should have been diagnosed at an earlier time may consider subjecting their mammographic studies to independent reviews. At such a point, the precise reasons for delay may be better analyzed, all in an attempt to provide an adequate reconciliation of what has come to be known as the false-negative mammogram.

Published
2000
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43. Stereotactic core needle breast biopsy

Author

R. James Brenner and Philip I. Haigh

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Percutaneous, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Core needle breast biopsy, Medical practice, Magnetic resonance imaging, Ultrasound guided, Biopsy, medicine, Surgery, Radiology, business, Core biopsy, Biopsy procedure
Abstract

Summary The coupling of advanced computer-assisted software technology to hardware and manufacturing initiatives has ushered in an era in which percutaneous core biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions detected by screening mammography is feasible and virtually equivalent in accuracy to radiographically localized excisional biopsy for appropriately chosen cases. Indeed, most (though not all) lesions are candidates for this procedure. Although it has not been discussed herein, ultrasound guided CNB may be another option. CNB under guidance of magnetic resonance imaging is also under investigation. To be successful, a CNB program must follow basic patterns of preferred medical practice: proper lesion selection, adequate and calibrated technology, experience in image interpretation and guidance of biopsy, and reconciliation of image and histological findings. The actual biopsy procedure may be the simplest component of the equation.

Published
2000
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44. Accuracy of Screening Mammography Using Single Versus Independent Double Interpretation

Author

Carolyn M. Rutter, Deborah Seger, R J Brenner, Joann G. Elmore, Stephen H. Taplin, and D White

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Breast Neoplasms, Sensitivity and Specificity, Cohen's kappa, health services administration, Clinical information, Humans, Medicine, Mammography, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Observer Variation, Likelihood Functions, Receiver operating characteristic, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Screening mammography, Medical screening, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Numero sign, ROC Curve, Female, Radiology, business, Nuclear medicine, Observer variation
Abstract

We conducted an analysis among 31 community radiologists to identify the average change in screening mammography interpretive accuracy afforded by independent double interpretation.We assessed interpretive accuracy using a stratified random sample of test mammograms that included 30 women with cancer and 83 without. Radiologists were unaware of clinical information and of each other's assessments. We describe accuracy for individual radiologists and for double interpretation, including average sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic likelihood ratios positive and negative, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. We also assessed weighted and nonweighted kappa statistics among all 465 pairs of radiologists and 31,465 pairs of unique pairs. The assessment for double interpretations used the "highest" (i.e., most abnormal) assessment of the two radiologists. We calculated the difference between each radiologist's individual accuracy and the average accuracy across that radiologist's 30 double interpretations.We found the following average accuracy statistics for individual radiologists: sensitivity, 79%; specificity, 81%; diagnostic likelihood ratio positive, 5.53; diagnostic likelihood ratio negative, 0.26; and area under the ROC curve, 0.85. The mean kappa statistic among radiologists for cancer cases increased with double interpretation from 0.59 to 0.70, and for noncancer cases from 0.30 to 0.34. Double interpretation resulted in an average increase in sensitivity of 7%, an average decrease in specificity of 11%, a decrease in diagnostic likelihood ratio positive of 2.35, a decrease in diagnostic likelihood ratio negative of 0.06, and an increase in area under the ROC curve of 0.02.Independent double interpretation does not increase accuracy as measured by the area under the ROC curve.

Published
2000
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45. Perinatal hypophosphatasia: diagnosis and detection of heterozygote carriers within the family

Author

H Plath, B Gehring, Peter Bartmann, R E Brenner, Manfred Hansmann, and E Mornet

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Fetus, Genetic counseling, Nonsense mutation, Hypophosphatasia, Heterozygote advantage, Prenatal diagnosis, Biology, medicine.disease, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Genetics, medicine, Alkaline phosphatase, Missense mutation, Genetics (clinical)
Abstract

We report on two families in which one or two children had a severe disorder of skeletal development detected by prenatal ultrasonography. The children died postnatally and showed typical radiological and biochemical findings of perinatal hypophosphatasia. Biochemical analysis revealed a low activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and a high value of pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP), one of its natural substrates. The screening for mutations of the tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) gene showed homozygosity for a point mutation (G 317 --> D) in the two affected children of the first family. The affected child of the second family was homozygous for a nonsense mutation (R 411 --> X). Family screening revealed that the determination of AP and PLP is helpful for detection of heterozygotes. However, heterozygote children had values of AP in the lower normal range during phases of rapid growth. The determination of PLP proved to be more sensitive in these cases. It should be kept in mind that during the last trimester of gestation there is an increase in maternal AP activity and a normalization of PLP due to placental AP, which is not affected. Therefore, in the course of a prenatal diagnosis in an index case, paternal blood should be analyzed in parallel. For detailed genetic counseling and early prenatal diagnosis in following pregnancies, the possibility of mutation analysis should be used.

Published
1999
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46. Sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer11No competing interests declared

Author

Roderick R. Turner, Armando E. Giuliano, Eddy C. Hsueh, R. James Brenner, Edwin C. Glass, and Meghan B. Brennan

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Axillary Lymph Node Dissection, Physical examination, Sentinel node, medicine.disease, Axilla, medicine.anatomical_structure, Breast cancer, medicine, Mammography, Surgery, Radiology, Stage (cooking), business, Lymph node
Abstract

Determination of axillary nodal involvement is an integral part of management for patients with early stage breast cancer because axillary nodal status is the most important prognostic factor in this patient cohort. The presence or absence of metastases in the axilla often directs adjuvant systemic therapy in early stage breast cancer. A recent National Institutes of Health consensus conference recognized complete axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) as the gold standard for axillary staging. This is because of the axillary staging accuracy associated with ALND: a less than 2% false-negative rate. But the ability to achieve this level of accuracy is at the expense of considerable morbidity with this procedure; there is an acute complication rate of 20% to 30% and a chronic lymphedema rate as high as 20% to 30%. Because only about one third of patients with a clinically negative axilla have nodal metastases on histopathologic examination of the ALND specimen, routine ALND places a substantial number of patients at risk for operative morbidity without any known benefit from the operative procedure. There is a need for a less morbid and equally accurate method of assessing axillary nodal status. Until recently, assessment of axillary status using less invasive techniques has not achieved adequate clinical applicability. Physical examination of axillary nodal involvement is associated with false-negative rates of 29% to 38%. Assessment of axillary involvement with various radiographic methods (eg, mammography, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography) is also associated with an equally unacceptable false-negative rate. Limiting the extent of axillary dissection, thereby decreasing the complication rate, is not a comparable surgical alternative to ALND; there is a 40% falsenegative rate with random axillary nodal sampling and a 10% to 15% false-negative rate with excision of level I nodes alone. The recent introduction of sentinel node biopsy (SNB) in breast cancer patients provides a less invasive but equally accurate alternative of axillary assessment to ALND.

Published
1999
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47. Methods of compliance with Mammography Quality Standards Act regulations for tracking positive mammograms: survey results

Author

Debra M. Ikeda, R J Brenner, and Robyn L. Birdwell

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Quality Assurance, Health Care, Breast imaging, Breast Neoplasms, Survey result, Audit, medicine, Humans, Mammography, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Medical physics, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Referral and Consultation, Gynecology, medicine.diagnostic_test, United States Food and Drug Administration, Guideline adherence, business.industry, Mammography Quality Standards Act, General Medicine, United States, Health Care Surveys, Female, Guideline Adherence, Tracking (education), business, Quality assurance, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

We sent a questionnaire to fellows of the Society of Breast Imaging to determine how breast imaging facilities comply with regulations mandated by the Mammography Quality Standards Act for tracking patients whose mammograms show positive findings.We surveyed the Society of Breast Imaging fellows to determine practice types, follow-up methodology, additional time and personnel required, and end points of radiologists' responsibility for follow-up of mammograms with positive findings.Forty-six (68%) of 68 surveyed practices responded, including 21 academic, 16 private, and nine mixed practices that averaged 15,761 mammograms a year (range, 300-50,000). The 46 practices used computers (n = 30) or handwritten paper (n = 16) audits. Radiologists (n = 8), technologists (n = 6), other personnel (n = 10), or a combination (n = 22) tracked procedures and patients with abnormal mammographic results. Average time spent tracking was given as a few hours a week (n = 28), 2-4 hr a day (n = 11), and 40 hr a week (n = 5). The remaining two practices indicated that less than 1 hr per month was required (n = 1) or that they used two full-time data managers (n = 1). Accepted tracking end points included surgical biopsy (n = 30), referring physician recommended other management (n = 16), patient refused recommendation (n = 27), medical care transfer (n = 27), patient moved (n = 22), or patient lost to referring physician follow-up (n = 16).Among dedicated mammographers, the methodology in the task of tracking patients with positive findings on mammography varies. All methodologies described in responses to our survey involved considerable time and effort.

Published
1999
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48. Effect of epinephrine on the oxidative desaturation of fatty acids in the rat

Author

I N T de Gómez Dumm, M J T de Alaniz, and R R Brenner

Subjects
palmitic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, glucose metabolism, liver microsomes, cyclic AMP, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

The effect of epinephrine on the oxidative desaturation of fatty acids by liver microsomal preparations of rats has been studied. Administration of epinephrine (1 mg/kg body weight) produced a significant decrease in desaturation of [1-14C]=linoleic acid to γ-linolenic acid and of [1-14C]α-linolenic acid to actadeca-6,9,12,15-tetraenoic acid 12 hr after the infection. Lower doses produced a lesser effect on the Δ6-desaturation activity. Epinephrine administration modified the Vmax of linoleic acid desaturation but not the Km. There was also a slight increase in palmityl desaturation activity. The effect of epinephrine on Δ6-desaturation activity was postulated to be mediated through an enhancement of the intracellular cyclic AMP levels that lead to an increase of a glucose metabolite. This metabolite would inhibit Δ6-desaturation activity.

Published
1976
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49. ACTH depresses delta 6 and delta 5 desaturation activity in rat adrenal gland and liver.

Author

E C Mandon, I N de Gómez Dumm, M J de Alaníz, C A Marra, and R R Brenner

Subjects
Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

The in vivo and in vitro effect of ACTH on the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acid of rat adrenal gland and liver was studied. The administration of ACTH to intact rats produced a significant decrease in the conversion of [1-14C]linoleic acid to gamma-linolenic acid, [1-14C]alpha-linolenic acid to octadeca-6,9,12,15-tetraenoic acid, and [1-14C]eicosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid to arachidonic acid in liver and adrenal microsomes. Isolated adrenocortical cells and hepatocytes obtained from animals treated with ACTH showed a decrease in the incorporation and desaturation of exogenous [1-14C]eicosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid. The addition of ACTH to the incubation medium of adrenocortical cells and hepatocytes isolated from untreated rats also caused a decrease in delta 5 desaturation activity. The effect of ACTH on adrenal and liver desaturases could be produced as a consequence of the release of glucocorticoids, already measured in the experiments. However, the in vitro experiments carried out with hepatocytes isolated from untreated rats, where corticosterone was absent, indicated that ACTH can depress delta 5 desaturation per se.

Published
1987
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50. Lipid thermotropic transitions in Triatoma infestans lipophorin.

Author

J L Soulages, O J Rimoldi, and R R Brenner

Subjects
Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

The structure and lipid thermotropic transitions of highly purified lipophorin of Triatoma infestans were examined by several techniques: steady-state fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH), cis-parinaric acid (cis-PnA) and trans-parinaric acid (trans-PnA), light scattering fluorescence energy transfer between the lipophorin tryptophan residues and the bound chromophores, DPH, trans-parinaric acid cis-parinaric acid, gel electrophoresis, and gel filtration. Fluorescence polarization of PnAs and DPH revealed a reversible lipid thermotropic transition in intact lipophorin at about 20 degrees C and 18 degrees C, respectively. In lipophorin, lipid dispersion fluorescence polarization of DPH detected a lipid transition approximately at 20 degrees C, while trans-PnA showed a gel phase formation at a temperature below 30 degrees C. Similar experiments in which trans-PnA was incorporated into diacylglycerols and phospholipids extracted from the lipophorin revealed gel phase formation below 30 degrees C and 24 degrees C, respectively. Light scattering measurements showed that lipophorin particles aggregate irreversibly at 45 degrees C, increasing the molecular weight, as determined by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300, from 740,000 to values larger than 1,500,000. The particle aggregation did not change the physical properties of the lipophorin studied by fluorescence polarization, indicating that the aggregation is apparently a non-denaturing process. Energy transfer between the lipophorin tryptophans and the bound chromophores cis-PnA, trans-PnA, and DPA revealed a different location of the fluorescent probes within the lipophorin. Temperature-dependence on the energy transfer efficiency for all probes confirmed a change in the ordering of the lipophorin lipids at 24 degrees C.

Published
1988
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