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1. Team's Average Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio Correlates with Injury Risk in NCAA Men's Soccer Team

Author

David R. Bakal, Tyler R. Friedrich, Gerald Keane, Brian White, and Eugene Y. Roh

Subjects
Neurology, Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Neurology (clinical)
Abstract

Research in multiple sports has shown that an individual's acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) correlates with injury. However, tailoring team trainings to each individual's ACWR is technically challenging, and has not been found to decrease injury risk.We aimed to establish a more feasible method of utilizing the ACWR for injury prevention in soccer. In an NCAA men's soccer team, we assessed whether the team's average ACWR, as opposed to that of each individual, correlated with injuries sustained throughout the season.Injury and workload data were retrospectively evaluated for all players (n=23) of an NCAA men's soccer team during one 18-week season. Workload data for 5 GPS-derived workload variables (total distance, high-speed distance, accelerations, player load, and average velocity) were used to calculate the team's average daily acute and chronic workloads (accumulated load for each variable during the past 3 and 28 days, respectively), and uncoupled ACWRs (acute workload divided by chronic workload for each variable). A retrospective cohort design was used to compare the team's workloads and ACWRs on days where ≥1 injury occurred versus days where 0 injuries occurred using binary logistic regression models.Trainings/games with injuries had higher acute workloads, lower chronic workloads, and higher ACWRs for all 5 workload variables. In multivariable analysis, risk factors for injury included a low chronic workload for total distance (OR 7.23, p=0.024) and an ACWR1.4 for accelerations (OR 4.34, p=0.029).The team's injury risk was greater with low distance accumulation during the chronic period, and with an elevated ACWR for accelerations. Future intervention-based studies aimed at using ACWR load-management principles as a method of decreasing injury risk in soccer can consider tracking the team's average values with the goal of maintaining a consistent chronic workload for total distance and avoiding elevations in the ACWR for accelerations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Published
2022

2. Splenomegaly from Recurrent Infectious Mononucleosis in an NCAA Division I Athlete

Author

Calvin E. Hwang, Andrea Kussman, David R Bakal, and Donald Kasitinon

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Mononucleosis, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MEDLINE, General Medicine, Division (mathematics), medicine.disease, Athletes, Recurrence, Neoplasms, Splenomegaly, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Infectious Mononucleosis, business
Published
2021
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3. Analysis of limb kinetic asymmetry during a drop vertical jump in adolescents post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Author

David R. Bakal, Jeffery J. Morgan, Samuel M. Lyons, Salinda K. Chan, Emily A. Kraus, and Kevin G. Shea

Subjects
Biophysics, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Abstract

Limb asymmetry after ACL reconstruction is often cited as a risk factor for ACL reinjury. We assessed ground reaction forces on each limb during a drop vertical jump, and compared kinetic symmetry between limbs in adolescents post-ACL reconstruction versus healthy controls.Forty-four participants who underwent an ACL reconstruction (16 male/28 female, mean age 16.1 ± 1.5, mean 7.3 ± 0.9 months post-ACL reconstruction) and 34 controls (20 male/14 female, mean age 14.9 ± 1.1) completed a drop vertical jump captured on a Vicon system and Bertec force plates. Kinetic variables were calculated individually for each limb. Inter-limb asymmetry was calculated as an index between each limb (involved versus uninvolved for the ACL reconstruction group, and left versus right for controls), and was compared between groups using independent t-tests.Asymmetry was significantly more pronounced in the ACL reconstruction group versus the controls for peak contact ground reaction force (11.6% vs 4.4%, p = 0.009), eccentric impulse (8.8% vs 3.8%, p = 0.009), eccentric mean force (8.0% vs 3.4%, p = 0.006), concentric peak ground reaction force (4.1% vs 0.8%, p = 0.003), concentric impulse (5.1% vs 1.1%, p = 0.001), and peak landing ground reaction force (12.7% vs 1.7%, p 0.001).Limb kinetic asymmetry during a drop vertical jump was more pronounced in adolescents post-ACL reconstruction versus controls for both eccentric- and concentric-phase variables, which may indicate the use of compensatory strategies to offload the post-operative limb. Targeted interventions to produce more symmetric loading and unloading during jumping tasks should be developed, tested, and monitored to determine the impact on rehabilitation programs, return-to-sport evaluations, and injury prevention outcomes.

Published
2022

4. Obesity following ART initiation is common and influenced by both traditional and HIV-/ART-specific risk factors

Author

Valdilea G. Veloso, Paula M. Luz, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Lara E. Coelho, Raquel Brandini De Boni, David R Bakal, Jesse L. Clark, Jordan E. Lake, and Sandra W. Cardoso

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, HIV Infections, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, 80 and over, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Longitudinal Studies, Original Research, Aged, 80 and over, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Middle Aged, Infectious Diseases, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Medical Microbiology, Cohort, symbols, Female, Brazil, Microbiology (medical), Adult, Adolescent, Antiretroviral Therapy, and over, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, Young Adult, Sex Factors, medicine, Humans, Highly Active, Poisson regression, Obesity, Risk factor, Retrospective Studies, Aged, Pharmacology, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, 030112 virology, business, Body mass index, Demography
Abstract

Author(s): Bakal, David R; Coelho, Lara E; Luz, Paula M; Clark, Jesse L; De Boni, Raquel B; Cardoso, Sandra W; Veloso, Valdilea G; Lake, Jordan E; Grinsztejn, Beatriz | Abstract: Background:Obesity rates are increasing among HIV-infected individuals, but risk factors for obesity development on ART remain unclear. Objectives:In a cohort of HIV-infected adults in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, we aimed to determine obesity rates before and after ART initiation and to analyse risk factors for obesity on ART. Methods:We retrospectively analysed data from individuals initiating ART between 2000 and 2015. BMI was calculated at baseline (time of ART initiation). Participants who were non-obese at baseline and had ≥90 days of ART exposure were followed until the development of obesity or the end of follow-up. Obesity incidence rates were estimated using Poisson regression models and risk factors were assessed using Cox regression models. Results:Of participants analysed at baseline (n = 1794), 61.3% were male, 48.3% were white and 7.9% were obese. Among participants followed longitudinally (n = 1567), 66.2% primarily used an NNRTI, 32.9% a PI and 0.9% an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI); 18.3% developed obesity and obesity incidence was 37.4 per 1000 person-years. In multivariable analysis, the greatest risk factor for developing obesity was the use of an INSTI as the primary ART core drug (adjusted HR 7.12, P l 0.0001); other risk factors included younger age, female sex, higher baseline BMI, lower baseline CD4+ T lymphocyte count, higher baseline HIV-1 RNA, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Conclusions:Obesity following ART initiation is frequent among HIV-infected adults. Key risk factors include female sex, HIV disease severity and INSTI use. Further research regarding the association between INSTIs and the development of obesity is needed.

Published
2018

5. Obesity Following Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Initiation is Common and Influenced by Both Traditional and HIV-/ART-Specific Risk Factors

Author

Lara E. Coelho, David R Bakal, Valdilea G. Veloso, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Jordan E. Lake, Raquel Brandini De Boni, Sandra W. Cardoso, Paula M. Luz, and Jesse L. Clark

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Overweight, Cardiovascular, Oral and gastrointestinal, Abstracts, 03 medical and health sciences, Clinical Research, Oral Abstract, Internal medicine, Behavioral and Social Science, medicine, Obesity, Risk factor, education, Metabolic and endocrine, Nutrition, Cancer, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Prevention, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, medicine.disease, 030112 virology, Stroke, Infectious Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, Oncology, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Cohort, Generic health relevance, Underweight, medicine.symptom, business, Infection, Body mass index
Abstract

Background Weight gain commonly occurs among HIV-infected (HIV+) adults initiating modern ART regimens, and obesity is increasingly reported in this population. However, data regarding specific risk factors for obesity development after ART initiation are conflicting. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from a cohort of HIV+ adults who initiated ART between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2015 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Body mass index (BMI) was assessed at ART initiation. Participants who were non-obese (BMI < 30kg/m2) at baseline and had ≥90 days of ART exposure were followed for development of obesity. Participants were censored at the time of obesity diagnosis or at end of follow-up (defined as death, loss to follow-up, end of study period or 2 years after their last weight measurement). Incidence rates were estimated using Poisson regression models and risk factor assessment was calculated using Cox regression models accounting for death and loss to follow-up as competing risks. Results Participants (n = 1,794) were 61.3% male, 48.3% white and had a median age of 36.3 years. At ART initiation, participants had a median BMI of 22.6kg/m2 and BMI category distribution was: underweight 14%, normal weight 56%, overweight 22% and obese 8%. Of the 1,567 non-obese participants followed after ART initiation, 76% gained weight, 44% increased their BMI category and 18% developed obesity. Median BMI at the end of follow-up was 24.7kg/m2 (0.4kg/m2 median annual change), the obesity incidence rate was 37.4 per 1000 person-years and the median time to obesity diagnosis was 1.9 years (vs. 4.7 years of follow-up for participants remaining non-obese). Factors associated with obesity after ART initiation included younger age at ART initiation, female sex, higher baseline BMI, lower baseline CD4+ T lymphocyte count, higher baseline HIV-1 RNA, having an integrase inhibitor as the most-used ART core drug and having diagnoses of hypertension and diabetes mellitus (Figure). Conclusion Obesity following ART initiation is frequent among HIV+ adults, with rates increasing in recent years. Both traditional (female sex) and HIV-specific (more advanced HIV disease, integrase inhibitor use) risk factors contribute importantly to obesity incidence following ART initiation. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Published
2017

6. Poster Session 2: Thursday 8 December 2011, 14:00-18:00 * Location: Poster Area

Author

X. Luo, F. Fang, J. Sun, J. Xie, A. Lee, Q. Zhang, C. Yu, O. Breithardt, S. Schiessl, M. Schmid, M. Seltmann, L. Klinghammer, C. Zeissler, M. Kuechle, W. Daniel, M. Ege, U. Guray, Y. Guray, B. Demirkan, H. Kisacik, S.-E. Kim, J.-Y. Hong, J.-H. Lee, D.-G. Park, K.-R. Han, D.-J. Oh, O. Tufekcioglu, D. C. Cozma, C. Mornos, A. Ionac, L. Petrescu, C. Tutuianu, S. I. Dragulescu, L. Guimaraes, G. Tavares, A. Rodrigues, C. Nagamatsu, C. Fischer, M. Vieira, W. Oliveira, T. Wilberg, A. Cordovil, S. Morhy, D. Muraru, M. Peluso, L. Dal Bianco, M. Beraldo, E. Solda', M. Tuveri, U. Cucchini, A. Al Mamary, L. Badano, S. Iliceto, A. Pizzuti, B. Mabritto, C. Derosa, A. Tomasello, M. Rovere, I. Parrini, M. Conte, N. Lareva, A. Govorin, R. Cooper, J. Sharif, J. D. Somauroo, J. D. Hung, V. Porcelli, R. Skevington, A. Shahzad, S. Scott, P. Lindqvist, S. Soderberg, M. Gonzalez, E. Tossavainen, M. Henein, N. Nciri, H. Saad, S. Nawas, A. Ali, A. Youssufzay, A. Safi, S. Faruk, S. Yurdakul, V. Erdemir, Y. Tayyareci, O. Yildirimturk, K. Memic, V. Aytekin, M. Gurel, S. Aytekin, M. Przewlocka-Kosmala, M. Cielecka-Prynda, A. Mysiak, W. Kosmala, S. Pescariu, D. Cozma, A. Mornos, S. Dragulescu, N. Maurea, C. G. Tocchetti, C. Coppola, C. Quintavalle, D. Rea, A. Barbieri, G. Piscopo, C. Arra, G. Condorelli, R. Iaffaioli, H. Dalen, A. Thorstensen, H. Moelmen, H. Torp, A. Stoylen, D. Augustine, C. Basagiannis, J. Suttie, P. Cox, R. Aitzaz, A. Lewandowski, M. Lazdam, C. Holloway, H. Becher, P. Leeson, S. Radovanovic, A. Djokovic, B. Todic, M. Zdravkovic, M. Zaja-Simic, S. Banicevic, D. Lisulov-Popovic, M. Krotin, J. Grapsa, D. O'regan, D. Dawson, G. Durighel, L. Howard, J. Gibbs, P. Nihoyannopoulos, C. Tulunay Kaya, M. Kilickap, H. Kurklu, N. Ozbek, C. Koca, V. Kozluca, K. Esenboga, C. Erol, B. Kusmierczyk-Droszcz, E. Kowalik, J. Niewiadomska, P. Hoffman, M. Satendra, L. Sargento, S. Lopes, S. Longo, N. Lousada, R. Palma Reis, P. Chillo, A. Rieck, J. Lwakatare, J. Lutale, E. Gerdts, S. Bonapace, G. Molon, G. Targher, A. Rossi, L. Lanzoni, G. Canali, E. Campopiano, L. Zenari, L. Bertolini, E. Barbieri, K. Hristova, L. Vladiomirova-Kitova, T. Katova, F. Nikolov, P. Nikolov, S. Georgieva, I. Simova, V. Kostova, V. A. Kuznetsov, D. V. Krinochkin, P. A. Chandraratna, Y. A. Pak, E. H. Zakharova, A. V. Plusnin, M. V. Semukhin, E. A. Gorbatenko, E. I. Yaroslavskaya, G. Bedetti, L. Gargani, M. Scalese, C. Pizzi, R. Sicari, E. Picano, M. Reali, E. Canali, S. Cimino, M. Francone, M. Mancone, R. Scardala, F. Boccalini, Y. Hiramoto, A. Frustaci, L. Agati, K. Savino, A. Lilli, E. Bordoni, C. Riccini, G. Ambrosio, D. Silva, N. Cortez-Dias, P. Carrilho-Ferreira, C. Jorge, J. Silva-Marques, A. Magalhaes, L. Santos, S. Ribeiro, F. Pinto, A. Nunes Diogo, E. Kinova, N. Zlatareva, A. Goudev, C. Bonanad, M. Lopez-Lereu, J. Monmeneu, V. Bodi, J. Sanchis, J. Nunez, F. Chaustre, A. Llacer, D. Ermacora, D. Peluso, M. Di Lazzari, P. Meimoun, F. Elmkies, T. Benali, J. Boulanger, H. Zemir, J. Clerc, A. Luycx-Bore, M. S. Velasco Del Castillo, A. Cacicedo Fernandez De Bobadilla, J. Onaindia Gandarias, M. Telleria Arrieta, G. Zugazabeitia Irazabal, O. Quintana Raczka, I. Rodriguez Sanchez, A. Romero Pereiro, E. Laraudogoitia Zaldumbide, I. Lekuona Goya, B. Bonello, E. El Louali, V. Fouilloux, I. Kammache, C. Ovaert, B. Kreitmann, A. Fraisse, R. Migliore, M. Adaniya, M. Barranco, G. Miramont, H. Tamagusuku, A. Alassar, R. Sharma, A. Marciniak, O. Valencia, N. Abdulkareem, M. Jahangiri, N. Jander, R. Kienzle, C. Gohlke-Baerwolf, H. Gohlke, F.-J. Neumann, J. Minners, S. Valbuena, F. De Torres, T. Lopez, J. J. Gomez, G. Guzman, F. Dominguez, E. Refoyo, M. Moreno, J. L. Lopez-Sendon, R. Ancona, S. Comenale Pinto, P. Caso, G. Di Salvo, S. Severino, M. Cavallaro, R. Calabro, R. Enache, R. Piazza, A. Roman-Pognuz, B. Popescu, A. Calin, C. Beladan, F. Purcarea, G. Nicolosi, C. Ginghina, O. Savu, M. Rosca, R. Jurcut, M. Serban, L. Dorobantu, E. Donal, S. Mascle, C. Thebault, D. Veillard, H. Hamonic, A. Leguerrier, H. Corbineau, B. A. Popa, M. Diena, A. Bogdan, D. Benea, G. Lanzillo, V. Casati, E. Novelli, A. Popa, G. Cerin, F. Gual Capllonch, A. Teis, J. Lopez Ayerbe, E. Ferrer, N. Vallejo, E. Gomez Denia, A. Bayes Genis, S. Spethmann, S. Schattke, G. Baldenhofer, V. Stangl, M. Laule, G. Baumann, K. Stangl, F. Knebel, C. Labata, C. Garcia Alonso, F. Gual, R. Nunez Aragon, C. Sousa, A. I. Vasile, M. Dorobantu, C. Iorgulescu, S. Bogdan, D. Constantinescu, C. Caldararu, O. Tautu, R. Vatasescu, H. Badran, M. F. Elnoamany, M. Ayad, A. Elshereef, A. Farhan, Y. Nassar, M. Yacoub, J. Costabel, G. Avegliano, P. Elissamburu, J. Thierer, F. Castro, M. Huguet, A. Frangi, R. Ronderos, C. Prinz, F. Van Buuren, L. Faber, T. Bitter, N. Bogunovic, W. Burchert, D. Horstkotte, J. D. Kasprzak, A. Smialowski, T. Rudzinski, P. Lipiec, M. Krzeminska-Pakula, K. Wierzbowska-Drabik, E. Trzos, M. Kurpesa, H. Motoki, M. Hana, T. Marwick, K. Allan, M. Vazquez-Alvarez, C. Medrano Lopez, S. Granja Da Silva, C. Marcos, A. Rodriguez-Ogando, M. Alvarez, M. Camino, M. Centeno, E. Maroto, G. Feltes Guzman, V. Serra Tomas, O. Acevedo, A. Calli, M. Barba, G. Pintos, V. Valverde, J. Zamorano Gomez, M. Marchel, J. Kochanowski, R. Piatkowski, A. Madej, K. Filipiak, I. Hausmanowa-Petrusewicz, G. Opolski, E. Malev, E. Zemtsovsky, S. Reeva, E. Timofeev, A. Pshepiy, S. Mihaila, R. Rimbas, R. Mincu, R. Dulgheru, R. Mihaila, C. Badiu, M. Cinteza, D. Vinereanu, E. Lira, D. Lebihan, C. Monaco, M. Ruiz Ortiz, D. Mesa, M. Delgado, E. Romo, M. Pena, M. Puentes, M. Santisteban, A. Lopez Granados, J. Arizon Del Prado, J. Suarez De Lezo, W.-C. Tsai, J.-Y. Shih, T.-S. Huang, Y.-W. Liu, Y.-Y. Huang, L.-M. Tsai, E. Cho, K. Choi, B. Kwon, D. Kim, S. Jang, C. Park, H. Jung, H. Jeon, H. Youn, J. Kim, A. E. Rieck, D. Cramariuc, M. Lonnebakken, B. Lund, P. Moceri, D. Doyen, P. Cerboni, E. Ferrari, W. Li, S. Goncalves, G. Vinhais De Sousa, A. G. Almeida, C. Hernandez Garcia, A. De La Rosa Hernandez, E. Arroyo Ucar, P. Jorge Perez, A. Barragan Acea, J. Lacalzada Almeida, J. Jimenez Rivera, A. Duque Garcia, I. Laynez Cerdena, O. Arhipov, A. N. Sumin, L. Campens, M. Renard, B. Trachet, P. Segers, A. De Paepe, J. De Backer, J. A. Purvis, D. Sharma, S. M. Hughes, D. Marek, D. Vindis, E. Kocianova, M. Taborsky, H. Yoon, K. Kim, Y. Ahn, M. Chung, J. Cho, J. Kang, W. Rha, O. Ozcan, D. Sezgin Ozcan, B. Candemir, M. Aras, I. Dincer, R. Atak, L. Gianturco, M. Turiel, F. Atzeni, L. Tomasoni, E. Bruschi, O. Epis, P. Sarzi-Puttini, C. Aggeli, E. Poulidakis, I. Felekos, S. Sideris, P. Dilaveris, K. Gatzoulis, C. Stefanadis, N. Roszczyk, M. Sobczak, J. Peruga, R. Krecki, J. Kasprzak, K. Ishii, T. Suyama, K. Kataoka, A. Furukawa, T. Nagai, M. Maenaka, Y. Seino, F. Musca, B. De Chiara, A. Moreo, S. Cataldo, M. Parolini, O. Parodi, T. Bombardini, F. Faita, S.-J. Park, J.-H. Kil, S.-J. Kim, S.-Y. Jang, S.-A. Chang, J.-O. Choi, S.-C. Lee, S. Park, P. Park, J. Oh, M. Cikes, V. Velagic, B. Biocina, H. Gasparovic, Z. Djuric, B. Bijnens, D. Milicic, A. Huqi, B. Klas, A. He, I. Paterson, M. Irween, J. Ezekovitz, J. Choy, Y. Chen, L. Cheng, R. Yao, H. Yao, H. Chen, C. Pan, X. Shu, B. Sobkowicz, M. Kaminska, W. Musial, R. Buechel, G. Sommer, G. Leibundgut, A. Rohner, J. Bremerich, B. Kaufmann, A. Kessel-Schaefer, M. Handke, A. Kiotsekoglou, S. Saha, R. Toole, S. Sharma, A. Gopal, S. Adhya, W. Tsang, C. Kenny, S. Kapetanakis, R. Lang, M. Monaghan, B. Smith, T. Coulter, A. Rendon, W.-S. Cheung, W. Gorissen, J. A. Ejlersen, O. May, F. J. Van Slochteren, T. Van Der Spoel, H. Hanssen, P. Doevendans, S. Chamuleau, C. De Korte, A. Tarr, S. Stoebe, T. Trache, J.-G. Kluge, A. Varga, A. Hagendorff, A. Nagy, A. Kovacs, A. Apor, B. Sax, D. Becker, B. Merkely, R. Lindquist, A. Miller, C. Reece, B. W. Eidem, W.-G. Choi, S. Kim, S. Oh, Y. Kim, R. Iacobelli, M. Chinali, M. D' Asaro, A. Toscano, A. Del Pasqua, C. Esposito, G. Seghetti, F. Parisi, G. Pongiglione, G. Rinelli, O. Omaygenc, R. Bakal, C. Dogan, K. Teber, S. Akpinar, G. Sahin, N. Ozdemir, A. Penhall, M. Joseph, F. Chong, C. De Pasquale, J. Selvanayagam, D. Leong, E. G. Nyktari, A. P. Patrianakos, C. Goudis, G. Solidakis, F. Parthenakis, P. Vardas, E. Nestaas, D. Fugelseth, A. Vitarelli, L. Capotosto, M. Bernardi, Y. Conde, F. Caranci, G. Placanica, O. Dettori, M. Vitarelli, S. De Chiara, V. De Cicco, M. Ferro', R. Calabro', S. Apostolakis, G. Chalikias, D. Tziakas, D. Stakos, A. Thomaidi, S. Konstantinides, G. Iorio, R. Rucos, G. Continanza, M. D Ascanio, L. Alessandroni, M. Saponara, M. Berry, J. Nahum, O. Zaghden, J. Monin, J. Couetil, O. Lairez, L. Macron, J. Dubois Rande, P. Gueret, P. Lim, M. Cameli, E. Giacomin, M. Lisi, S. Benincasa, F. Righini, D. Menci, M. Focardi, S. Mondillo, E. Philip, G. Gorincour, H. Bellsham-Revell, A. J. Bell, O. I. Miller, P. Beerbaum, R. Razavi, G. Greil, J. M. Simpson, S. Ann, T. Kim, J. Lee, J. Chin, P. Cabeza Lainez, V. Escolar Camas, L. Gheorghe, P. Fernandez Garcia, R. Vazquez Garcia, V. Caiulo, S. Caiulo, A. Fisicaro, F. Moramarco, G. Latini, A. Seale, J. Carvalho, H. Gardiner, M. Roughton, J. Simpson, A. Tometzki, O. Uzun, S. Webber, P. Daubeney, A. Dawood, G. Dwivedi, G. Mahadevan, D. Jiminez, R. Steeds, M. Frenneaux, C. H. Attenhofer Jost, B. Knechtle, A. Bernheim, M. Pfyffer, A. Linka, A. Faeh-Gunz, B. Seifert, G. De Pasquale, M. Zuber, A. Tomaszewski, A. Kutarski, and M. Tomaszewski

Subjects
Computer science, Plane (geometry), business.industry, Echo (computing), Left atrium, General Medicine, Biplane, medicine.anatomical_structure, Software, Left atrial, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Nuclear medicine
Published
2011
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7. The antimalaria drug artemisinin displays strong cytotoxic effect on leukaemia lymphocytes in combination with vitamin C and pro-vitamin K3

Author

Z. Yaneva, R. Bakalova, S. Semkova, and Zh. Zhelev

Subjects
artemisinin, cancer, pro-vitamin k3, redox-homeostasis, vitamin c, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

This study investigated the anticancer effect of the anti-parasitic drug artemisinin in combination with two redox modulators: vitamin C and pro-vitamin K3 (C/K3) The experiments were conducted on leukaemia cells Jurkat. Cells were treated with either artemisinin or C/K3 alone and with all three compounds. Cell proliferation and viability were analysed using trypan blue stating and automated cell counting. The results showed that artemisinin (>10 M) suppressed cell proliferation activity, but did not induce cell death up to 500 M. The drug demonstrated a clear cytostatic effect at concentra-tions 250 500 M – Jurkat cells did not proliferate, but were alive. The combination C/K3 (200:2, 300:3 M/M) applied alone did not affect cell proliferation and viability. Vitamins C/K3 in concen-tration ratio 500:5 (μM/M) decreased cell proliferation activity by ~10%. The triple combination artemisinin/C/K3 manifested synergistic anti-proliferative effects at all concentration ratios analysed. This synergistic effect increased with increasing C/K3 concentration. Based on literature data, it was assumed that the anti-proliferative effect of the triple combination was mediated by changes in the redox-homeostasis of cancer cells. The C/K3 redox system likely acted on cancer mitochondria and increased superoxide production and activation of pro-apoptotic signals, specific for cancer cells. On the other hand, artemisinin could generate hydroxyl radicals as a result of activation of Fenton reac-tions, depleting intracellular reducing equivalents. Both redox mechanisms lead to activation of signal pathways for induction of cancer cell death.

Published
2021
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8. Orbital exenteration and placement of a prosthesis in fish

Author

B, Nadelstein, R, Bakal, and G A, Lewbart

Subjects
Siloxanes, Eye, Artificial, Trout, Animals, Bass, Polyvinyls, Flounder, Prospective Studies, Orbit, Orbit Evisceration, Perciformes
Abstract

To develop a procedure for orbital exenteration and prosthesis placement in fish.Prospective study.5 cultured hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis x M chrysops) ranging from 30 to 50 cm in length.Exenteration was performed, using a dorsal approach in which blunt dissection was performed in the circumorbital sulcus. The orbit was then dried, and simple interrupted sutures were placed, leaving 2 suture loops within the orbit. The orbit was filled with polyvinylsiloxane, and a prosthetic glass eye was seated in the polyvinylsiloxane.All fish retained the prosthesis and had satisfactory cosmetic results at the end of the 8-week study period.The increase in popularity of pet fish and abundance of valuable aquarium and show fish have led to heightened awareness of piscine ocular disease. Aquarium fish are often euthanatized because of disfiguring ocular problems. The technique described here for surgical exenteration and cosmetic orbital prosthesis placement in fish may extend the captive life of public display fish.

Published
1997

10. ZIRCONIUM-PRECIPITATION PILOT PLANT

Author

G.T. Parish, E.I. Goodman, H.A. Larsen, and R. Bakal

Subjects
Zirconium, Pilot plant, chemistry, Metallurgy, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Precipitation, Leaching (agriculture), Zirconium compounds, Ammonium compounds
Published
1950
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12. HEMOLYMPH COLLECTION AND ISOFLURANE ANESTHESIA OF THE EMPEROR SCORPION ( PANDINUS IMPERATOR ).

Author

Gaudette C, Johnson B, Bakal R, and Dombrowski DS

Subjects
Animals, Hemolymph, Oxygen, Scorpions, Anesthesia veterinary, Anesthetics, Anesthetics, Inhalation pharmacology, Isoflurane pharmacology
Abstract

With captive invertebrates increasing in popularity, a safe and effective anesthesia protocol is required for their veterinary care. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of 5% isoflurane anesthesia and 0.26 ml hemolymph collection in subadult to adult emperor scorpions ( Pandinus imperator; n = 14). Each scorpion was placed in a 2-L anesthetic chamber and induced with 5% isoflurane at a flow rate of 2 L/min oxygen. Anesthetic depth was assessed by rolling the animal into dorsal recumbency and rating the response from one to four: 1 = successful coordinated righting movement, 2 = successful uncoordinated righting movement, 3 = unsuccessful righting movement, 4 = no movement. Ratings 3 and 4 were both adequate for the hemolymph collection. The mean induction time was 4.2 min to reach a level 3 depth and 10.5 min to reach a level 4 depth. All animals were clinically normal for at least 1 yr post experiment. A mean hemolymph volume drawn of 1.92% of body weight, and an anesthetic induction with 5% isoflurane, appear safe in subadult to adult emperor scorpions.

Published
2022
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13. Effect of inclusion complexation of meloxicam with β-cyclodextrin- and β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges on solubility, in vitro release and stability studies.

Author

Shende PK, Gaud RS, Bakal R, and Patil D

Subjects
Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal administration & dosage, Calorimetry, Differential Scanning, Female, In Vitro Techniques, Male, Meloxicam, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Particle Size, Powder Diffraction, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Solubility, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Thiazines administration & dosage, Thiazoles administration & dosage, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal chemistry, Nanostructures, Thiazines chemistry, Thiazoles chemistry, beta-Cyclodextrins chemistry
Abstract

The objective of the present work was to develop inclusion complexes of meloxicam with β-cyclodextrin- and β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges to enhance their solubility and stability and to prolong release using different methods that included physical mixing, kneading and sonication. Particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, stability study results, in vitro and in vivo drug release study results, FTIR, DSC and XRPD were used as characterization parameters. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) studies revealed that the particle sizes of the inclusion complexes of meloxicam were within the range of 350 ± 5.69-765 ± 13.29 nm. The zeta potentials were sufficiently high to obtain stable formulations. In vitro and in vivo release studies revealed the controlled release of meloxicam from the nanosponges for 24h. The interaction of the meloxicam with the nanosponges was confirmed by FTIR and DSC. A XRPD study revealed that the crystalline nature of meloxicam was changed to an amorphous form due to the complexation with the nanosponges. A stability study revealed that the meloxicam nanosponges were stable. Therefore, β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges represent a novel approach for the controlled release of meloxicam for anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2015
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14. Snx14 regulates neuronal excitability, promotes synaptic transmission, and is imprinted in the brain of mice.

Author

Huang HS, Yoon BJ, Brooks S, Bakal R, Berrios J, Larsen RS, Wallace ML, Han JE, Chung EH, Zylka MJ, and Philpot BD

Subjects
Animals, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Neurons cytology, Sorting Nexins genetics, Visual Cortex cytology, Genomic Imprinting physiology, Neurons metabolism, Sorting Nexins metabolism, Synaptic Transmission physiology, Visual Cortex metabolism
Abstract

Genomic imprinting describes an epigenetic process through which genes can be expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner. The monoallelic expression of imprinted genes renders them particularly susceptible to disease causing mutations. A large proportion of imprinted genes are expressed in the brain, but little is known about their functions. Indeed, it has proven difficult to identify cell type-specific imprinted genes due to the heterogeneity of cell types within the brain. Here we used laser capture microdissection of visual cortical neurons and found evidence that sorting nexin 14 (Snx14) is a neuronally imprinted gene in mice. SNX14 protein levels are high in the brain and progressively increase during neuronal development and maturation. Snx14 knockdown reduces intrinsic excitability and severely impairs both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission. These data reveal a role for monoallelic Snx14 expression in maintaining normal neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission.

Published
2014
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15. Intracorporal injection of hSlo cDNA restores erectile capacity in STZ-diabetic F-344 rats in vivo.

Author

Christ GJ, Day N, Santizo C, Sato Y, Zhao W, Sclafani T, Bakal R, Salman M, Davies K, and Melman A

Subjects
Animals, Body Weight, DNA, Complementary pharmacology, Gene Expression, Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels, Male, Pressure, Rats, Rats, Inbred F344, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental complications, Erectile Dysfunction etiology, Erectile Dysfunction therapy, Genetic Therapy, Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated genetics
Abstract

The ability of gene transfer with the pore-forming subunit of the human maxi-K channel (hSlo) to ameliorate the decline in erectile capacity commensurate with 12-24 wk of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetes was examined in 181 Fischer-344 rats. A 2-mo period of STZ-diabetes was induced before gene transfer, and erectile capacity was evaluated by measuring the intracavernous pressure response (ICP) to cavernous nerve (CN) stimulation (ranging from 0.5 to 10 mA). In the first series of experiments, ANOVA revealed increased CN-stimulated ICP responses at 1 and 2 mo postinjection of 100 microg pcDNA-hSlo compared with control values. A second series of experiments further examined the dose dependence and duration of gene transfer. The ICP response to submaximal (0.5 mA) and maximal (10 mA) nerve stimulation was evaluated 3 or 4 mo postinjection of a single dose of pcDNA-hSlo ranging from 10 to 1,000 microg. ANOVA again revealed that hSlo overexpression was associated with increased CN-stimulated ICP responses compared with responses in corresponding control animals. Histological studies revealed no immune response to the presence of hSlo. PCR analysis documented that expression of both plasmid and transcript were largely confined to the corporal tissue. In the third series of pharmacological experiments, hSlo gene transfer in vivo was associated with iberiotoxin-sensitive relaxation responses to sodium nitroprusside in corporal tissue strips in vitro. The latter data indicate that gene transfer produces functional maxi-K channels that participate in the modulation of corporal smooth muscle cell tone. Taken together, these observations suggest a fundamental diabetes-related change in corporal myocyte maxi-K channel regulation, expression, or function that may be corrected by expression of recombinant hSlo.

Published
2004
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16. The successful long-term treatment of age related erectile dysfunction with hSlo cDNA in rats in vivo.

Author

Melman A, Zhao W, Davies KP, Bakal R, and Christ GJ

Subjects
Animals, Erectile Dysfunction physiopathology, Gene Expression, Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels, Male, Penis pathology, Pressure, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Erectile Dysfunction drug therapy, Gene Transfer Techniques, Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated therapeutic use, Vasoconstriction physiology
Abstract

Purpose: We have previously reported that 1 intracorporeal injection of 100 microg hSlo/pcDNA reversed the effect of aging on erectile function in a rat model in vivo for at least 2 months. We report our further investigations of the amplitude, duration and physiological relevance of this novel gene transfer approach., Materials and Methods: A total of 191 retired breeder Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single intracavernous injection of phosphate buffered saline, 1,000 microg pcDNA, or 10, 100 or 1,000 microg pcDNA/hSlo. The animals were studied 1 to 6 months after injection. The intracorporeal pressure (ICP) response to cavernous nerve stimulation and immunostaining as well as hematoxylin and eosin staining were done to evaluate effector nerve integrity and tissue histology, respectively., Results: Gene transfer prevented an age related decrease in resting ICP and a physiologically relevant, significant effect on normalizing erection in vivo, as determined by submaximal (0.5 mA) and maximal (4.0 mA) cavernous nerve stimulation. The effects were observed 1 month after transfection and sustained for 6 months at the 100 and 1,000 microg doses of pcDNA/hSlo (p <0.026)., Conclusions: The physiological manifestations of gene transfer were detected as an amelioration of the age related decrease in resting ICP, and parallel increase in the magnitude of the cavernous nerve stimulated an ICP response to a level at which visible erections were again observed in this rat model of aging in vivo.

Published
2003
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17. Orbital exenteration and placement of a prosthesis in fish.

Author

Nadelstein B, Bakal R, and Lewbart GA

Subjects
Animals, Orbit surgery, Orbit Evisceration methods, Polyvinyls, Prospective Studies, Siloxanes, Bass surgery, Eye, Artificial veterinary, Flounder surgery, Orbit Evisceration veterinary, Perciformes surgery, Trout surgery
Abstract

Objective: To develop a procedure for orbital exenteration and prosthesis placement in fish., Design: Prospective study., Animals: 5 cultured hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis x M chrysops) ranging from 30 to 50 cm in length., Procedure: Exenteration was performed, using a dorsal approach in which blunt dissection was performed in the circumorbital sulcus. The orbit was then dried, and simple interrupted sutures were placed, leaving 2 suture loops within the orbit. The orbit was filled with polyvinylsiloxane, and a prosthetic glass eye was seated in the polyvinylsiloxane., Results: All fish retained the prosthesis and had satisfactory cosmetic results at the end of the 8-week study period., Clinical Implications: The increase in popularity of pet fish and abundance of valuable aquarium and show fish have led to heightened awareness of piscine ocular disease. Aquarium fish are often euthanatized because of disfiguring ocular problems. The technique described here for surgical exenteration and cosmetic orbital prosthesis placement in fish may extend the captive life of public display fish.

Published
1997

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